2 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (II)

2 Quadratic Equations in 8. The x-intercept of the graph of y = − x 2 + x −

1
4
is 0.5.

One Unknown (II) Therefore, the root of − x 2 + x −

1
= 0 is 0.5.
4
Review Exercise 2 (p. 2.5)
9. (a) The graph of y = px 2 + qx intersects the x-axis at two
points.
1. 2 x 2 − 11x − 6 = 0
Therefore, the equation px 2 + qx = 0 has two unequal
(2 x + 1)( x − 6) = 0
real roots.
2x + 1 = 0 or x−6 = 0
1 (b) The graph of y = mx 2 + nx + s touches the x-axis at
x=− or x=6
2 one point.
Therefore, the equation mx2 + nx + s = 0 has one
2. 9 x 2 − 24 x + 16 = 0 double real root.
(3 x − 4)(3 x − 4) = 0
(c) The graph of y = ax 2 + bx + c does not intersect the
3 x − 4 = 0 or 3x − 4 = 0
x-axis.
4 4
x= or x= Therefore, the equation ax 2 + bx + c = 0 has no real
3 3 roots.
4
∴ x = (repeated)
3 10. 5k − 4  16
5k − 4 + 4  16 + 4
3. − 6 x 2 + 13x − 6 = 0 5k 20

6 x 2 − 13x + 6 = 0 5 5
∴ k4
(2 x − 3)(3x − 2) = 0
2x − 3 = 0 or 3x − 2 = 0 11. 1 − 2k  7
3 2 1 − 2k − 1  7 − 1
x= or x=
2 3
− 2k 6

−2 −2
4. Using the quadratic formula, ∴ k  −3
− 2  22 − 4(1)(−168)
x=
2(1) 12. 8(k − 3) + 32  0
− 2  676 8k − 24 + 32  0
=
2 8k + 8 − 8  0 − 8
− 2  26 8k − 8
= 
2 8 8
= − 14 or 12 ∴ k  −1

5. Using the quadratic formula, 13. 1 + 3(2k + 1)  0

− 5  5 − 4(7)(1)
2 1 + 6k + 3  0
x=
2( 7 ) 6k + 4 − 4  0 − 4
6k − 4
−5 −3 
= 6 6
14
2
∵ − 3 is not a real number. ∴ k−
3
∴ The equation has no real roots.
To Learn More
6. Using the quadratic formula,
− 1  12 − 4(−2)(4)
x= To Learn More (p. 2.23)
2(−2)  ( −8) 
(a) Mid-point of PQ =  − , 0 
1  33  2(1) 
=
4 = ( 4, 0)

7. The x-intercepts of the graph of y = x 2 − x − 6 are –2.0 and

3.0.
Therefore, the roots of x 2 − x − 6 = 0 are –2.0 and 3.0.

35
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 4A Full Solutions

Classwork (p. 2.29)

(−8) 2 − 4(1)(14)
(b) Length of PQ = units 1. (a) − 3 = 3 • − 1 = 3i
1
= 8 units (or 2 2 units)
(b) − 5 = 5 • − 1 = 5i
To Learn More (p. 2.30)
(a) i 4n +1 = (i 4 n )(i) = (1)(i) = i (c) − 9 = 9 • − 1 = 9i = 3i

(b) i 4 n + 2 = (i 4 n )(i 2 ) = (1)(−1) = − 1 (d) − − 16 = − 16 • − 1 = − 16i = − 4i

(c) i 4 n + 3 = (i 4 n )(i 3 ) = (1)(−i) = − i 2. (a) x 2 + 36 = 0

x 2 = −36
(d) i 4n
=1
x =  − 36

Classwork =  36 • − 1
=  6i
Classwork (p. 2.7)
(b) 9 x 2 + 4 = 0
Nature of roots
Value of  x2 = −
4
( = b2 – 4ac) 2 unequal 1 double No real 9
real roots real root roots
4
(a) x= −
0 ✓ 9
(b) 24 ✓ 4
= • −1
(c) –31 ✓ 9
(d) –400 ✓ 2
= i
(e) 25 ✓ 3

Classwork (p. 2.10) Classwork (p. 2.31)

1. (a) 0 (b)  < 0 Real part Imaginary part
2. (a) 2 (b)  > 0 (a) 3 − 4i 3 –4

3. (a) 0 (b)  < 0 (b) −5 + 7i –5 7

4. (a) 1 (b)  = 0 (c) 8 8 0

5. (a) 1 (b)  = 0 3 3
(d) i 0
2 2
6. (a) 2 (b)  > 0 1 1
(e) − + −2 − 2
4 4
Classwork (p. 2.18)

Sum of roots Product of roots Classwork (p. 2.32)

(−1) 9 (a)  (b)  (c) ✓ (d) ✓
(a) x2 − x + 9 = 0 − =1 =9
1 1
( −8) 3 Quick Practice
(b) 2x 2 − 8x − 3 = 0 − =4 −
2 2
3 3 1 1 Quick Practice 2.1 (p. 2.7)
(c) − 4x 2 + 3x + 1 = 0 − = =− ∵ The equation px 2 + 12 x + 18 = 0 has one double real root.
(−4) 4 −4 4
∴ =0
1 1
(d) − 3x 2 + x = 0 − = 0 i.e. 12 2 − 4( p)(18) = 0
(−3) 3
144 − 72 p = 0
(−10)
(e) 5x 2 −10 = 0 0 = −2 p=2
5
x 2 + 5x = 7 5 (−7)
(f) − = −5 = −7 Quick Practice 2.2 (p. 2.8)
i.e. x + 5 x − 7 = 0
2 1 1
∵ The equation 3x 2 − 2x − k = 0 has no real roots.
∴ 0

36
 2 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (II)

i.e. (−2) − 4(3)(− k )  0 1

2
∴ The range of values of m is m  − .
4 + 12k  0 16
12k  −4
(b) The smallest integral value of m is 0.
1 For m = 0, the corresponding quadratic equation is
k−
3 − 2 x 2 + 3x + [2(0) − 1] = 0
1
∴ The range of values of k is k  − . 2 x 2 − 3x + 1 = 0
3
(2 x − 1)( x − 1) = 0
Quick Practice 2.3 (p. 2.9) 1
x = or x = 1
(a) For the equation (k + 3) x 2 + 6 x − 1 = 0 , 2
1
 = 6 2 − 4(k + 3)(−1) ∴ The x-intercepts of the graph are and 1.
2
= 36 + 4k + 12
= 4k + 48 Quick Practice 2.6 (p. 2.15)
(a) The required quadratic equation is:
(b) ∵ (k + 3) x 2 + 6 x − 1 = 0 is a quadratic equation. [ x − ( −5)]( x − 2) = 0
( x + 5)( x − 2) = 0
∴ The coefficient of x 2 cannot be zero.
i.e. k + 3  0 x 2 + 5 x − 2 x − 10 = 0
k  −3 x 2 + 3 x − 10 = 0
(i) ∵ The equation (k + 3) x 2 + 6 x − 1 = 0 has two
(b) The required quadratic equation is
distinct real roots.
∴ 0   1    2 
 x −  −   x −  −  = 0
4k + 48  0   4    3 
k  −12  1  2
 x +  x +  = 0
∴ The range of values of k is k  −12 except k = −3 .  4  3
(ii) ∵ The equation (k + 3) x 2 + 6 x − 1 = 0 has real roots.  1  2
12 x +  x +  = 12(0)
∴ 0  4  3
4k + 48  0 (4 x + 1)(3 x + 2) = 0
k  −12 12 x 2 + 3 x + 8 x + 2 = 0
∴ The range of values of k is k  −12 except k = −3 . 12 x 2 + 11x + 2 = 0

Quick Practice 2.4 (p. 2.11) Quick Practice 2.7 (p. 2.16)
(a) ∵ The graph of y = 3x 2 + 2mx + 3m touches the x-axis at (a) Sum of roots = 8 + ( −3)
one point P. =5
∴ =0 Product of roots = (8)(−3)
i.e. (2m) 2 − 4(3)(3m) = 0 = −24
m 2 − 9m = 0 ∴ The required quadratic equation is
m(m − 9) = 0 x 2 − (5) x + (−24) = 0
m = 0 or m = 9 x 2 − 5 x − 24 = 0

(b) For m = 9, the corresponding quadratic equation is (b) Sum of roots = (−4 + 5 ) + (−4 − 5 )
3x 2 + 2(9) x + 3(9) = 0 = −8
x 2 + 6x + 9 = 0 Product of roots = (−4 + 5 )(−4 − 5 )
( x + 3) = 0 2
= (−4) 2 − ( 5 ) 2
x = −3 = 16 − 5
∴ The coordinates of P are (−3, 0) . = 11
∴ The required quadratic equation is
Quick Practice 2.5 (p. 2.11) x 2 − ( −8) x + (11) = 0
(a) ∵ The graph of y = −2 x 2 + 3x + (2m − 1) has two x 2 + 8 x + 11 = 0
x-intercepts.
∴ 0 Quick Practice 2.8 (p. 2.19)
i.e. 32 − 4(−2)(2m − 1)  0 (a) For the equation (k + 3) x 2 − kx − 2k = 0 ,
9 + 16m − 8  0 (−k )
sum of roots = −
1 + 16m  0 k +3
1
m−
16

37
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 4A Full Solutions

1 k (a)  −  +  = ( + 2 +  ) − 3

2 2 2 2
∴ =
2 k +3 = ( +  ) 2 − 3
k + 3 = 2k 2
1
k =3 =   − 3(−3)
3
1
−2k = +9
(b) Product of roots = 9
k +3
82
− 2(3) =
= 9
3+3
−6
=   2 + 2
6 (b) + =
= −1   
( 2 + 2 +  2 ) − 2
=
Quick Practice 2.9 (p. 2.20) 
(−10)
Sum of roots =  + ( + 2) = − ( +  ) − 2
2

1 =

2 + 2 = 10
2
2 = 8 1
  − 2(−3)
= 
 =4 3
(−3)
3m
Product of roots =  ( + 2) = 1
1 +6
4(4 + 2) = 3m =− 9
3
24 = 3m
55
m=8 =−
27

Quick Practice 2.10 (p. 2.21)

3 Quick Practice 2.12 (p. 2.23)
Sum of roots =  +  = − = −3 ∵  and  are the roots of 3x 2 − 5x + 3 = 0 .
1
−2 (−5) 5
Product of roots =  = = −2 ∴  + =− =
1 3 3
(a)  +  2  +  2 =  (1 +  +  ) 3
 = = 1
= (−2)[1 + (−3)] 3
For the required quadratic equation,
=4
(3 − 1) + (3 − 1) = 3( +  ) − 2
5
(b) (3 −  )(3 −  ) = 9 − 3 − 3 +  = 3  − 2
3
= 9 − 3( +  ) + 
=3
= 9 − 3(−3) + (−2)
(3 − 1)(3 − 1) = 9 − 3 − 3 + 1
=9+9−2
= 9 − 3( +  ) + 1
= 16
5
= 9(1) − 3  + 1
3
1 1  +1+ +1
(c) + = =5
 +1  +1 ( + 1)(  + 1) ∴ The required quadratic equation is
 + +2
= x 2 − 3x + 5 = 0
 +  +  + 1
( −3) + 2 Quick Practice 2.13 (p. 2.29)
=
( −2) + ( −3) + 1 (a) − 49 − − 36 = 49 • i − 36 • i
1 = 7i − 6i
=
4 =i

Quick Practice 2.11 (p. 2.22) 25 25

(−1) 1 (b) − − + −9 = − •i + 9 •i
Sum of roots = − = 4 4
3 3
5
−9 = − i + 3i
Product of roots = = −3 2
3
1
= i
2

38
 2 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (II)

Quick Practice 2.14 (p. 2.32) 5 + i 5 + i 1+ i

4 − 6ai = 2b + 24i (b) = •
1− i 1− i 1+ i
By comparing the real parts, we have (5 + i )(1 + i )
4 = 2b = 2
1 − (i ) 2
b=2
5 + i + 5i + i 2
By comparing the imaginary parts, we have =
1− i2
−6 a = 24
5 + 6i + ( −1)
a = −4 =
1 − ( −1)
4 + 6i
Quick Practice 2.15 (p. 2.33) =
(a) (6 + 2i ) + ( 4 − 11i ) = 6 + 2i + 4 − 11i 2
= 2 + 3i
= (6 + 4) + ( 2 − 11)i
= 10 − 9i
7 − 4i 7 − 4i i
(c) = •
2i 2i i
(b) (13 − 8i ) − (−5 + 9i ) = 13 − 8i + 5 − 9i
7i − 4i 2
= (13 + 5) + (−8 − 9)i =
2i 2
= 18 − 17i 7i − 4( −1)
=
2(−1)
Quick Practice 2.16 (p. 2.34)
7i + 4
(a) (5 − 2i )(−3 + i ) = (5 − 2i )(−3) + (5 − 2i )(i ) =
−2
= −15 + 6i + 5i − 2i 2 7
= −15 + 6i + 5i − 2(−1) =−2− i
2
= (−15 + 2) + (6 + 5)i
= − 13 + 11i Quick Practice 2.18 (p. 2.36)
Using the quadratic formula,
(b) (−3 + 2i ) = (−3) + 2(−3)(2i ) + (2i ) − 2  2 2 − 4(1)(5)
2 2 2

x=
= 9 − 12i + 4i 2 2(1)
= 9 − 12i + 4(−1) − 2  − 16
=
= 5 − 12i 2
− 2  4i
=
(c) (−5 + 3i )(−5 − 3i ) = (−5) 2 − (3i ) 2 2
= − 1  2i
= 25 − 9i 2
= 25 − 9(−1)
Quick Practice 2.19 (p. 2.37)
= 34 ∵ 2 − i is a root of the equation x 2 + px + q = 0 .
∴ (2 − i) 2 + p(2 − i) + q = 0
Quick Practice 2.17 (p. 2.35)
5 5 4 − 3i 4 − 4i + i 2 + 2 p − pi + q = 0
(a) = •
4 + 3i 4 + 3i 4 − 3i [4 + (−1) + 2 p + q] − (4 + p)i = 0
20 − 15i (3 + 2 p + q) − (4 + p)i = 0
= 2
4 − (3i ) 2 3 + 2 p + q = 0 ......(1)
20 − 15i
∴ 
= 4 + p = 0 ......(2)
16 − 9i 2 From (2),
20 − 15i 4+ p =0
=
16 − 9(−1) p =−4
20 − 15i
= By substituting p = −4 into (1), we have
25
3 + 2(−4) + q = 0
4 3
= − i q=5
5 5

Further Practice

Further Practice (p. 2.12)

1. x(8 − x) − 2m = 0
8 x − x 2 − 2m = 0
x 2 − 8 x + 2m = 0

39
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 4A Full Solutions

∵ The equation x 2 − 8x + 2m = 0 has two unequal real 1 1  −1+  −1

(a) + =
roots.  −1  −1 ( − 1)(  − 1)
∴ 0  + −2
=
i.e. (−8) 2 − 4(1)(2m)  0  −  −  + 1
64 − 8m  0  + −2
=
m8  − ( +  ) + 1
∴ The range of values of m is m < 8. ( −7 ) − 2
=
( 4 ) − ( −7 ) + 1
2. (a) ∵ The graph of y = 9 x 2 + (k + 1) x + 1 touches the
3
x-axis at one point P. =−
4
∴ =0
i.e. (k + 1) 2 − 4(9)(1) = 0
k 2 + 2k + 1 − 36 = 0 (b) ( −  )(  −  ) =  −  2 −  2 + 

k 2 + 2k − 35 = 0 = −( 2 − 2 +  2 )
(k − 5)(k + 7) = 0 = −( 2 + 2 +  2 ) + 4
k = 5 or k = − 7 = −( +  ) 2 + 4
= −( −7) 2 + 4(4)
(b) For k = 5, the corresponding quadratic equation is = − 33
9 x 2 + (5 + 1) x + 1 = 0
9x2 + 6x + 1 = 0 Further Practice (p. 2.35)
(3x + 1) = 0
2 1 − 2i 1 − 2i 1 − 2i
1. (2 + 3i ) + = (2 + 3i ) + •
1 1 + 2i 1 + 2i 1 − 2i
x=− 1 − 2i − 2i + ( 2i ) 2
3 = 2 + 3i +
 1  12 − ( 2i ) 2
∴ The coordinates of P are  − , 0  .
 3  1 − 4i + 4i 2
= 2 + 3i +
For k = −7 , the corresponding quadratic equation is 1 − 4i 2
9 x 2 + (−7 + 1) x + 1 = 0 1 − 4i + 4( −1)
= 2 + 3i +
1 − 4(−1)
9x2 − 6x + 1 = 0
− 3 − 4i
(3x − 1) 2 = 0 = 2 + 3i +
5
1
x=  3  4
3 =  2 −  +  3 − i
 5  5
1 
∴ The coordinates of P are  , 0  . 7 11
3  = + i
5 5
Further Practice (p. 2.23)
1. Sum of roots = 2  product of roots 2. (a) (2 + 5i ) + ( x − 3i ) = (4 + yi ) − (−6 + i )
(−1) k 2 + 5i + x − 3i = 4 + yi + 6 − i
− = 2
k −1 k −1 (2 + x) + 2i = 10 + ( y − 1)i
1 2k By comparing the real parts, we have
= 2 + x = 10
k −1 k −1
k − 1 = 2k 2 − 2k x=8
2k 2 − 3k + 1 = 0 By comparing the imaginary parts, we have
2 = y −1
(2k − 1)(k − 1) = 0
y=3
2k − 1 = 0 or k − 1 = 0
1
k= or k = 1 (rejected) (b) (6 + xi )(2 − 3i ) = yi
2
12 + 2 xi − 18i − 3 xi 2 = yi
[12 − 3 x ( −1)] + ( 2 x − 18)i = yi
7
2. Sum of roots = − = −7 (12 + 3 x) + ( 2 x − 18)i = yi
1
4 By comparing the real parts, we have
Product of roots = = 4 12 + 3 x = 0
1
x = −4
By comparing the imaginary parts, we have
2 x −18 = y ……(1)

40
 2 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (II)

By substituting x = −4 into (1), we have 9. ∵ The equation 2x 2 − x + m = 0 has two unequal real
2(−4) − 18 = y roots.
y = − 26 ∴ 0
i.e. (−1) 2 − 4(2)(m)  0
Exercise 1 − 8m  0
1
m
Exercise 2A (p. 2.12) 8
Level 1 1
∴ The range of values of m is m  .
1. For the equation x 2 + 4x + 1 = 0 , 8
 = 42 − 4(1)(1) = 12
∵ 0 10. ∵ The equation 5x 2 + 2 x + (m + 1) = 0 has two unequal
∴ The equation has two unequal real roots. real roots.
∴ 0
2. For the equation 3x 2 − 2x + 2 = 0 , i.e. 2 2 − 4(5)(m + 1)  0

 = (−2)2 − 4(3)(2) = − 20 4 − 20m − 20  0

− 16 − 20m  0
∵ 0
4
∴ The equation has no real roots. m−
5
4
3. For the equation − 9 x 2 + 3x −
1
= 0, ∴ The range of values of m is m  − .
4 5
 1
 = 32 − 4(−9) −  = 0 11. ∵ The equation kx2 − 4x + 10 = 0 has no real roots.
 4
∴ 0
∵ =0
∴ The equation has one double real root. i.e. (−4) 2 − 4(k )(10)  0
16 − 40k  0
4. Consider 2x − 4x + 2 = 0 .
2
2
k
 = (−4)2 − 4(2)(2) = 0 5
2
∴ The graph of y = 2 x 2 − 4 x + 2 has one x-intercept. ∴ The range of values of k is k  .
5

5. Consider − x 2 + 5x − 7 = 0 .
12. ∵ The equation 3x 2 − 6 x − (2 − k ) = 0 has no real roots.
 = 52 − 4(−1)(−7) = −3  0
∴ 0
∴ The graph of y = − x 2 + 5x − 7 has no x-intercepts. i.e. (−6) 2 − 4(3)[−(2 − k )]  0
36 + 12(2 − k )  0
6. Consider 10x 2 − 3x − 1 = 0 .
60 − 12k  0
 = (−3)2 − 4(10)(−1) = 49  0
k 5
∴ The graph of y = 10 x 2 − 3x − 1 has two x-intercepts. ∴ The range of values of k is k > 5.

7. ∵ The equation − 4x 2 + 4x + k = 0 has one double real 13. ∵ The graph of y = x 2 − 3x − 2 p has only one
root. x-intercept.
∴ =0 ∴ =0
i.e. 4 2 − 4(−4)(k ) = 0 i.e. (−3) 2 − 4(1)(−2 p) = 0
16 + 16k = 0 9 + 8p = 0
k = −1 9
p=−
8
9
8. ∵ The equation px 2 − 6 x + = 0 has two equal real
2 14. ∵ The graph of y = mx 2 − 8x + 7 has no x-intercepts.
roots.
∴ 0
∴ =0
i.e. (−8) − 4(m)(7)  0
2
9
i.e. (−6) − 4( p)  = 0
2
64 − 28m  0
2
36 − 18 p = 0 16
m
7
p=2
16
∴ The range of values of m is m  .
7

41
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 4A Full Solutions

15. ∵ The equation 8x 2 + 4 x + (3 − k ) = 0 has real roots. i.e. (−6) 2 − 4(m)(36)  0

∴ 0 36 − 144m  0
i.e. 4 − 4(8)(3 − k )  0
2
1
m
16 − 96 + 32k  0 4
− 80 + 32k  0 ∵ mx2 − 6x + 36 = 0 is a quadratic equation.
5 ∴ The coefficient of x2 cannot be zero.
k i.e. m0
2
5 1
∴ The range of values of k is k  . ∴ The range of values of m is m  except m = 0 .
2 4

The equation 2 x 2 + x + (k − 1) = 0 has real roots. 1 2

16. ∵ 21. (a) ∵ The graph of y = x + 3 x + k touches the x-axis
∴ 0 4
at one point P.
i.e. 12 − 4( 2)(k − 1)  0 ∴ =0
1 − 8k + 8  0  1 
i.e. 3 2 − 4 (k ) = 0
9 − 8k  0 4
k
9 9−k = 0
8 k =9
9
∴ The range of values of k is k  .
8 (b) For k = 9, the corresponding quadratic equation is
1 2
17. ∵ The graph of y = ( p + 2) x 2 + 12 x + 9 touches the x + 3x + 9 = 0
4
x-axis at only one point. x 2 + 12 x + 36 = 0
∴ =0
( x + 6) 2 = 0
i.e. 12 2 − 4( p + 2)(9) = 0
x = −6
144 − 36 p − 72 = 0
∴ The coordinates of P are (–6, 0).
72 − 36 p = 0
p=2 22. (a) y = − x 2 − 5( 2 x − k )
= − x 2 − 10 x + 5k
18. ∵ The graph of y = 2 x + x − (3m − 1) cuts the x-axis at
2
∵ The graph of y = − x 2 − 10 x + 5k touches the
two distinct points. x-axis at one point Q.
∴ 0 ∴ =0
i.e. 12 − 4( 2)[−(3m − 1)]  0 i.e. (−10) − 4(−1)(5k ) = 0
2

1 + 24m − 8  0 100 + 20k = 0

− 7 + 24m  0 k = −5
7
m
24 (b) For k = −5 , the corresponding quadratic equation is
7
∴ The range of values of m is m  . − x 2 − 10 x + 5(−5) = 0
24
x 2 + 10 x + 25 = 0
Level 2 ( x + 5) 2 = 0
19. 25 + px + 4 x = 0
2
x = −5
4 x 2 + px + 25 = 0 ∴ The coordinates of Q are (−5, 0) .

∵ The equation 4 x 2 + px + 25 = 0 has one double real ∴ Length of OQ = [0 − (−5)] units = 5 units
root.
∴ =0 y = x(1 − x ) −
p
23.
i.e. p − 4(4)(25) = 0
2 2
p
p 2 − 400 = 0 = x − x2 −
2
( p + 20)( p − 20) = 0
p
p = − 20 or p = 20 = −x2 + x −
2
p
∵ The graph of y = − x 2 + x − has no x-intercepts.
20. − 6 x + 36 + mx 2 = 0 2
mx 2 − 6 x + 36 = 0 ∴ 0
∵ The equation mx2 − 6x + 36 = 0 has two distinct real
roots.
∴ 0

42
 2 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (II)

 p 27. (a) ( x + 2)( x − 3) = k

i.e. 12 − 4(−1) −   0
 2 x2 − x − 6 = k
1− 2p  0 x2 − x − 6 − k = 0
p
1 ∵ The equation x2 − x − 6 − k = 0 has two unequal
2 real roots.
1 ∴ 0
∴ The range of values of p is p  .
2 i.e. (−1) 2 − 4(1)(−6 − k )  0
1 + 24 + 4k  0
24. 12 x 2 + 4 x = 1 − k 25 + 4k  0
12 x 2 + 4 x + k − 1 = 0 25
k−
∵ The equation 12x2 + 4x + k −1 = 0 has real roots. 4
∴ 0 25
∴ The range of values of k is k  − .
i.e. 4 2 − 4(12)(k − 1)  0 4
16 − 48k + 48  0
(b) The smallest integral value of k is −6 .
64 − 48k  0
For k = −6 , the corresponding quadratic equation is
4
k x 2 − x − 6 − (−6) = 0
3
4 x2 − x = 0
∴ The largest value of k is .
3 x( x − 1) = 0
x = 0 or x =1
25. y = 9( x − 1) 2 − m − 6
= 9( x 2 − 2 x + 1) − m − 6 28. For the equation x 2 + 2 px + p( p − 1) = 0 ,
= 9 x 2 − 18 x + 3 − m  = (2 p ) 2 − 4(1)[ p ( p − 1)]
∵ The graph of y = 9 x 2 − 18x + 3 − m intersects the x-axis. = 4p2 − 4p2 + 4p
∴ 0 = 4p
i.e. (−18) 2 − 4(9)(3 − m)  0 0
324 − 108 + 36m  0 ∴ The equation x 2 + 2 px + p( p − 1) = 0 has two unequal
216 + 36m  0 real roots for any positive values of p.
m  −6
∴ The smallest value of m is −6 . 29. ∵ The equation ax 2 + 3x + c = 0 has two distinct real
roots.
26. (a) y = − x(2 x − 3) − p − 1 ∴ 0
= −2 x + 3 x − p − 1
2
i.e. 3 2 − 4ac  0
∵ The graph of y = −2 x 2 + 3x − p − 1 cuts the 9 − 4ac  0
x-axis at two points. 9
ac 
∴ 0 4
i.e. 3 2 − 4(−2)(− p − 1)  0 9
∴ Any pair of integral values of a and c such that ac 
9 −8p −8  0 4
1− 8p  0 is acceptable.
∴ ' a = 1, c = 2' or ' a = 2, c = 1' or ' a = −1, c = 1'
1
p
8 (or any other reasonable answers)
1
∴ The range of values of p is p  . 30. ∵ The graph of y = − x 2 + mx − n touches the x-axis at
8
one point.
(b) The largest integral value of p is 0. ∴ =0
For p = 0, the corresponding quadratic equation is i.e. m 2 − 4(−1)(− n) = 0
− 2 x 2 + 3x − 0 − 1 = 0
m 2 − 4n = 0
2 x 2 − 3x + 1 = 0 m 2 = 4n
(2 x − 1)( x − 1) = 0
∴ Any pair of integral values of m and n such that
1
x= or x =1 m2 = 4n is acceptable.
2
∴ The x-intercepts of the graph are
1
and 1. ∴ ' m = 0, n = 0' or ' m = 2, n = 1' or ' m = −2, n = 1'
2
(or any other reasonable answers)

43
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 4A Full Solutions

1 5. The required quadratic equation is

31. (a) 6x2 − 7x − = 2k
3  1
x 2 − ( −5) x +  −  = 0
1  2
6x2 − 7 x − − 2k = 0
3 1
x + 5x − = 0
2
1 2
(i) ∵ The equation 6 x 2 − 7 x − − 2k = 0 has two
3 2 x 2 + 10 x − 1 = 0
distinct real roots.
∴ 0 6. Sum of roots = 3 + (−4) = −1
 1  Product of roots = (3)(−4) = −12
i.e. (−7) 2 − 4(6) − − 2k   0
 3  ∴ The required quadratic equation is
49 + 8 + 48k  0 x 2 − (−1) x + (−12) = 0
57 + 48k  0 x 2 + x − 12 = 0
19
k− 5 9
16 7. Sum of roots = − + (−2) = −
∴ The range of possible values of k is 2 2
19  5
k− . Product of roots =  − (−2) = 5
16  2
(ii) The only possible negative integral value of k ∴ The required quadratic equation is
is −1 .  9
For k = −1 , the corresponding quadratic equation x 2 −  −  x + (5) = 0
is  2
9
1
6 x 2 − 7 x − − 2(−1) = 0 x2 + x+5=0
3 2
5 2 x 2 + 9 x + 10 = 0
6x − 7x + = 0
2

3
2 3 5
 1 8. Sum of roots = − + =
 x − (6 x − 5) = 0 3 2 6
 3
 2  3 
1 5 Product of roots =  −   = −1
x= or x =  3  2 
3 6
∴ The required quadratic equation is
5
7 5 x 2 −   x + (−1) = 0
(b) − 3( x + p) + ( x + p) − = 0 6
2

2 6
5
5 x2 − x −1 = 0
6( x + p) 2 − 7( x + p) + = 0 6
3
6 x2 − 5x − 6 = 0
1 5
x+ p= or x+ p= (from (a)(ii))
3 6
9. Sum of roots = (2 − 3 ) + (2 + 3 ) = 4
1 5
x = − p or x= −p Product of roots = (2 − 3 )(2 + 3 )
3 6
= 22 − ( 3)2
Exercise 2B (p. 2.17) = 4−3
Level 1 =1
1. The required quadratic equation is ∴ The required quadratic equation is
( x − 2)( x − 5) = 0
x 2 − (4) x + (1) = 0
x 2 − 7 x + 10 = 0
x2 − 4x + 1 = 0
2. The required quadratic equation is
[ x − (−1)]( x − 6) = 0 10. Sum of roots = ( 5 − 4) + (− 5 − 4) = −8
( x + 1)( x − 6) = 0 Product of roots = ( 5 − 4)(− 5 − 4)
x − 5x − 6 = 0
2
= −( 5 ) 2 + 4 2
= −5 + 16
3. The required quadratic equation is
[ x − (−3)][ x − (−2)] = 0 = 11
∴ The required quadratic equation is
( x + 3)( x + 2) = 0
x 2 − (−8) x + (11) = 0
x 2 + 5x + 6 = 0
x 2 + 8 x + 11 = 0
4. The required quadratic equation is
x 2 − (9) x + (−2) = 0
x2 − 9x − 2 = 0

44
 2 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (II)

1+ 6  1− 6  2 1
11. Sum of roots =  + = (b) The roots of the required quadratic equation are
−6
 3   3  3
    1 2
1
 1 + 6  1 − 6  and , i.e. − and − respectively.
3
Product of roots =    6 3
−
 3  3  2
  
∴ The required quadratic equation is
12 − ( 6 ) 2
=   1    2 
9  x −  −   x −  −  = 0
1− 6   6    3 
=
9  1  2
 x +  x +  = 0
=−
5  6  3
9  1  2
∴ The required quadratic equation is 18 x +  x +  = 18(0)
 6  3
2  5 (6 x + 1)(3 x + 2) = 0
x2 −  x +  −  = 0
3  9 18 x 2 + 15 x + 2 = 0
2 5
x2 − x − = 0
3 9 15. (a) Using the quadratic formula,
9x2 − 6x − 5 = 0 − (−2)  (−2) 2 − 4(1)(−4)
x=
2(1)
Level 2
12. (a) x 2 − 12 x + 27 = 0 2  20
= (or 1  5 )
( x − 3)( x − 9) = 0 2
x − 3 = 0 or x−9 = 0
x = 3 or x=9 (b) The roots of the required quadratic equation are
1 1 5
(1  5 ) , i.e. .
(b) The roots of the required quadratic equation 2 2
are 3 − 3 and 9 − 3 , i.e. 0 and 6 respectively. ∴ The required quadratic equation is
∴ The required quadratic equation is   
 x − 1 + 5  x − 1 − 5  = 0
( x − 0)( x − 6) = 0  2  2 
  
x ( x − 6) = 0
 1 + 5  1 − 5 
x 2 − 6x = 0 4 x − x− = 4(0)
 2   2 

13. (a) 2 x 2 − 3x − 2 = 0 [2 x − (1 + 5 )][2 x − (1 − 5 )] = 0
(2 x + 1)( x − 2) = 0
(2 x − 1 − 5 )(2 x − 1 + 5 ) = 0
2x + 1 = 0 or x−2=0
(2 x − 1) 2 − ( 5 ) 2 = 0
1
x = − or x=2 4x2 − 4x + 1 − 5 = 0
2
4x2 − 4x − 4 = 0
(b) The roots of the required quadratic equation are x2 − x −1 = 0
 1 1
−  −  and −2 , i.e. and −2 respectively.
 2  2 16. (a) x(3x + 4) = 1
∴ The required quadratic equation is 3x + 4 x − 1 = 0
2

Using the quadratic formula,

 1
 x − [ x − (−2)] = 0 − 4  4 2 − 4(3)(−1)
 2 x=
2(3)
 1
 x −  ( x + 2) = 0 − 4  28  − 2  7 
 2 = or
6  3 
 1  
2 x − ( x + 2) = 2(0)
 2
(b) The roots of the required quadratic equation are
(2 x − 1)( x + 2) = 0
 −2 7 
2 x 2 + 3x − 2 = 0 3  , i.e. − 2  7 .
 3 
 
14. (a) 2 x 2 + 15 x + 18 = 0
( x + 6)(2 x + 3) = 0
x+6=0 or 2 x + 3 = 0
3
x = − 6 or x=−
2

45
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 4A Full Solutions

∴ The required quadratic equation is  1 n

product of roots = (−4) −  =
[ x − (−2 + 7 )][ x − (−2 − 7 )] = 0  2 m
( x + 2 − 7 )( x + 2 + 7 ) = 0 2=
n
( x + 2) 2 − 7 = 0 2
n= 4
x2 + 4x + 4 − 7 = 0
x2 + 4x − 3 = 0
6. Let  be the other root.
−10
17. (a) The required quadratic equation is Product of roots = (−2) •  =
( x − m)( x − n) = 0 1
x 2 − mx − nx + mn = 0 =5
∴ The other root is 5.
x 2 − (m + n) x + mn = 0
k
Sum of roots = 5 + ( −2) = −
(b) When m = 1, n = 6 or m = 6, n = 1. 1
The required quadratic equation is k = −3
x 2 − (1 + 6) x + (1)(6) = 0
x2 − 7x + 6 = 0 6
7. (a) Product of roots = 2 =
When m = 2, n = 3 or m = 3, n = 2. k
The required quadratic equation is k=3
x 2 − ( 2 + 3) x + (2)(3) = 0
x 2 − 5x + 6 = 0 (−4) 4
(b) Sum of roots = − =
k 3
Exercise 2C (p. 2.24)
Level 1
2
(−5) 8. (a) Sum of roots = −1 = −
1. Sum of roots = − =5 k −2
1
k −2= 2
−9
Product of roots = = −9 k=4
1

6 − x + 2x2 = 0 −5k −5(4)

2. (b) Product of roots = = = − 10
k −2 4−2
2x2 − x + 6 = 0
(−1) 1
Sum of roots = − = 12
2 2 9. Sum of roots =  + ( − 5) = −
4
6 2 − 5 = −3
Product of roots = =3
2 2 = 2
 =1
10 5
3. Sum of roots = − = m
(−4) 2 Product of roots =  ( − 5) =
4
0
Product of roots = =0 1(1 − 5) =
m
−4 4
m = − 16
4. 7 + x = − x(1 + 3x)
7 + x = − x − 3x 2 4
10. Product of roots =  • 4 =
3x + 2 x + 7 = 0
2
9
2 4
Sum of roots = − 4 =
2
3 9
1 1
Product of roots =
7 = or  = −
3 3 3
(−k )
Sum of roots =  + 4 = −
9
5. For the equation mx2 + 9x + n = 0,
k
5 =
 1 9 9
sum of roots = (−4) +  −  = −
 2 m k = 45
9 9 1 1
− =− When  = , k = 45  = 15
2 m 3 3
m= 2 1  1
When  = − , k = 45 −  = −15 (rejected )
3  3

46
 2 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (II)

1 (a) For the required quadratic equation,

∴ = , k = 15 3 + 3 = 3( +  )
3
= 3(5)
(−3) = 15
11. Sum of roots =  +  = − =3 (3 )(3 ) = 9
1
−7 = 9(−3)
Product of roots =  = = −7
1 = −27
(a)  + (1 +  )  =  +  +  ∴ The required quadratic equation is
= 3 + (−7) x 2 − (15) x + (−27) = 0
=−4 x 2 − 15 x − 27 = 0

(b) For the required quadratic equation,

(b) 2 (  + 1) +  ( + 2) = 2 + 2 +  + 2
     +
= 2( +  ) + 3 −  + −  = −
 3  3 3
= 2(3) + 3(−7)
5
= − 15 =−
3
     
6  −  −  =
12. Sum of roots =  +  = − =6  3  3  9
(−1) −3
−4 =
Product of roots =  = =4 9
−1 1
=−
(a)  2  +  2 =  ( +  ) 3
= (4)(6) ∴ The required quadratic equation is
= 24  5  1
x2 −  −  x +  −  = 0
 3  3
(b)  2  2 −  2  3 −  3  2 =  2  2 (1 −  −  ) 3x 2 + 5 x − 1 = 0
= ( ) 2 [1 − ( +  )]
15. ∵  and  are the roots of 2x2 + x − 4 = 0 .
= (4) 2 (1 − 6)
1
= − 80 ∴  + =−
2
−4
(−1) 1  = = −2
13. Sum of roots =  +  = − = 2
5 5 (a) For the required quadratic equation,
−5 ( + 1) + (  + 1) =  +  + 2
Product of roots =  = = −1
5 1
1 1  + =− +2
(a) + = 2
   3
=
1 2
= 5 ( + 1)(  + 1) =  +  +  + 1
−1  1
1 = −2 +  −  + 1
=−  2
5
3
=−
2
 1  1 1 1 1 ∴ The required quadratic equation is
(b) 1 − 1 −  = 1 − − +
        3  3
x2 − x + −  = 0
1 1 1 2  2
= 1 −  +  +
     2 x 2 − 3x − 3 = 0
 1 1
=1−  −  +
 5  ( −1)
1
=
5

14. ∵  and  are the roots of x2 – 5x – 3 = 0.

( −5)
∴  + =− =5
1
−3
 = = −3
1
47
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 4A Full Solutions

(b) For the required quadratic equation, m

1−  +1− (b) Sum of roots = 5 + (−3) = −
1
+
1
= (−1)
1 −  1 −  (1 −  )(1 −  ) m= 2
2 −  −
=
1 −  −  +  Level 2
2 − ( +  ) 18. Sum of roots = product of roots
=
1 − ( +  ) +  (−3k ) − (k + 2)
− =
 1 1 1
2 − − 
 2 3k = − k − 2
=
 1 4k = −2
1 −  −  + (−2)
 2 1
k=−
= −5 2
 1  1  1
   =
 1 −   1 −   1 −  −  +  19. Product of roots = 2  sum of roots
1 − (m + 5)  10 
= = 2− 
1 − ( +  ) +  m  m
1 m + 5 20
= =
 1 m m
1 −  −  + (−2)
 2 m 2 + 5m = 20m
= −2 m 2 − 15m = 0
∴ The required quadratic equation is
(m − 15)m = 0
x 2 − (−5) x + (−2) = 0
m − 15 = 0 or m = 0 (rejected)
x 2 + 5x − 2 = 0 m = 15

q
16. (a) Sum of roots = − k +1
p 20. (a) Sum of roots = −
3
−12 12 −(5k − 1) 5k − 1
Product of roots = =− Product of roots = =−
p p 3 3
∵ Sum of roots = product of roots + 6
(b) ∵ –2 and 3 are the x-intercepts of the graph of k +1 5k − 1
∴ − =− +6
y = px2 + qx – 12. 3 3
∴ –2 and 3 are the roots of px2 + qx – 12 = 0. − (k + 1) = −(5k − 1) + 18
12 − k − 1 = −5k + 1 + 18
Product of roots = − = −2  3
p 4k = 20
p=2 k =5
q
Sum of roots = − = −2 + 3
p (b) By substituting k = 5 into the equation, we have
q = 1  (−2) 3 x 2 + (5 + 1) x − [5(5) − 1] = 0
= −2 3 x 2 + 6 x − 24 = 0
x 2 + 2x − 8 = 0
17. (a) (i) By substituting (0, 15) into y = –x2 + mx + n,
( x + 4)( x − 2) = 0
we have
15 = −0 2 + m(0) + n x + 4 = 0 or x−2 = 0
n = 15 x = − 4 or x=2

(ii) ∵ 5 is one of the x-intercepts of the graph of

y = –x2 + mx + n. 1
21. Let  and be the roots of the equation.
∴ 5 is one of the roots of –x2 + mx + n = 0. 
Let  be the other root. 1 2k − 3
Product of roots =  • =
n  k
Product of roots = 5 •  =
−1 2k − 3
1=
5 = −15 k
 = −3 k = 2k − 3
∴ The coordinates of P are (–3, 0). k=3

48
 2 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (II)

22. Let  and  be the roots of 2x 2 − 5kx + 8 = 0 , where (b)  2 + 3 +  2 = ( 2 + 2 +  2 ) + 
  . = ( +  ) 2 + 
(−5k ) 5k  3
Sum of roots =  +  = − = = (−4) 2 +  − 
2 2  2
8
Product of roots =  = = 4 =
29
2 2
∵ The difference between the roots is 3.
∴  − =3
6
( −  ) 2 = 32 25. Sum of roots =  +  = − = −6
1
 2 − 2 +  2 = 9 −2
Product of roots =  = = −2
( +  ) 2 − 4 = 9 1
 5k 
2 1 1  2 + 2
  − 4 ( 4) = 9 (a) + =
 2   2
 2
 
2 2

25k 2 ( 2 + 2 +  2 ) − 2

= 25 =
4  2 2
k2 = 4 ( +  ) − 2
2
=
k = − 2 or 2 ( ) 2
(−6) 2 − 2(−2)
=
23.  :  = 2 : 5 (−2) 2
 2 = 10
=
 5
2
= 
5  1  1    1
(b)   +   +  =  + + +
(−21)        
(a) Sum of roots =  +  = −
9 2 + 2 1
2 7 =  + +
 + =  
5 3
 + 2  12
7
=
7 =  +   2 2  +
5 3     
5  1 1  1
= =  +   2 + 2  +
3    
2 5 2 = −2 + (−2)(10) +
1
∴ =  =
5 3 3 (−2)
45
=−
c 2
(b) Product of roots =  =
9
 2  5  c (−6)
   = 26. Sum of roots =  +  = − =3
 3  3  9 2
3
10 c
= Product of roots =  =
9 9 2
c = 10 (a)  2 +  2 = ( 2 + 2 +  2 ) − 2
= ( +  ) 2 − 2
(−8) 3
24. Sum of roots =  +  = − = −4 = 32 − 2 
(−2) 2
3 3 =6
Product of roots =  = =−
−2 2
(a)  2 +  +  2 = ( 2 + 2 +  2 ) −  (b) ( −  ) 2 =  2 +  2 − 2
= ( +  ) − 
2
3
= 6 − 2 
 3 2
= (−4) −  − 
2

 2 =3
35
=
2 (c) From (b),  −  = 3 or − 3 (rejected
∵   )

49
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 4A Full Solutions

(d)  −  = ( +  )( −  )
4 4 2 2 2 2
29. ∵  and  are the roots of x 2 − px − 5 = 0 .
= ( 2 +  2 )( +  )( −  ) (− p)
∴  + =− =p
1
= 6  3 3
−5
= 18 3  = = −5
1
For the required quadratic equation,
2 ( +   ) + (  + 2 ) = 3 + 3
27. Sum of roots =  +  = − = −2
1 = 3( +  )
−4 = 3p
Product of roots =  = = −4
1 ( + 2 )(  + 2 ) =  + 2 2 + 2 2 + 4
(a)  +  = ( + 2 +  ) − 2
2 2 2 2
= 2 2 + 2 2 + 5
= ( +  ) 2 − 2
= 2( 2 + 2 +  2 ) − 4 + 5
= (−2) − 2(−4)
2
= 2( +  ) 2 + 
= 12
= 2 p 2 + (−5)
= 2 p2 − 5
(b)  3 +  3 = ( +  )( 2 −  +  2 )
∴ The required quadratic equation is
= ( +  )( 2 +  2 −  )
x 2 − 3 px + (2 p 2 − 5) = 0
= (−2)[12 − (−4)]
= − 32 30. ( x − 2)( x − 1) = p
x 2 − 3x + (2 − p) = 0
(c) ( −  ) 2 =  2 − 2 +  2 (−3)
Sum of roots =  +  = − =3
=  2 +  2 − 2 1
= 12 − 2(−4) 2− p
Product of roots =  = =2− p
= 20 1
∵ (2 − 1)(2  − 1) = 4
∴ 4 − 2  − 2 + 1 = 4
(d) From (c),  −  = 20 or − 20 (rejected
4 − 2( +  ) = 3
∵   )
4( 2 − p ) − 2(3) = 3
 3 −  3 = ( −  )( 2 +  +  2 )
8− 4p − 6 = 3
= ( −  )( 2 +  2 +  ) 4 p = −1
= ( 20 )[12 + (−4)] 1
p=−
= 8 20 (or 16 5 ) 4

31. x( x − k ) + 1 + k = 0
28. ∵  and  are the roots of 2x2 + 4x − 3 = 0 .
4 x 2 − kx + 1 + k = 0
∴  + =− = −2 (−k )
2 Sum of roots =  +  = − =k
−3 3 1
 = =− 1+ k
2 2 Product of roots =  = =1+ k
For the required quadratic equation, 1
 2 +  2 = ( 2 + 2 +  2 ) − 2 ∵ (3 −  )(3 −  ) = 32

= ( +  ) 2 − 2 ∴ 9 − 3 2 − 3 2 +  = 32

 3 10 − 3( 2 +  2 ) = 32
= (−2) 2 − 2 − 
 2 10 − 3( + 2 +  2 − 2 ) = 32
2

=7 16 − 3( 2 + 2 +  2 ) = 32

 2  2 = ( ) 2 16 − 3( +  ) 2 = 32
2
 3 16(1 + k ) − 3k 2 = 32
= − 
 2 16 + 16k − 3k 2 = 32
9 3k 2 − 16k + 16 = 0
=
4
(3k − 4)(k − 4) = 0
∴ The required quadratic equation is
3k − 4 = 0 or k − 4 = 0
9
x2 − 7 x + = 0 4
4 k= or k =4
3
4 x − 28 x + 9 = 0
2

50
 2 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (II)

32. (a) (i) ∵  is a root of x 2 + 6x − 5 = 0 . (a) ∵ P(5, 0) is the mid-point of AB.

∴  2 + 6 − 5 = 0  +
∴ =5
2
 2 = 5 − 6
[−2(k + 1)]
6 − =5
(ii) Sum of roots =  +  = − = −6 2k
1
k +1
 2 − 6  = (5 − 6 ) − 6  =5
k
= 5 − 6( +  ) k + 1 = 5k
= 5 − 6 ( −6 ) 1
k=
= 41 4

(b) ∵  is also a root of x 2 + 6x − 5 = 0 . 1

(b) By substituting k = into the equation, we have
∴  + 6 − 5 = 0
2 4
 2 = 5 − 6 1 2 1 
x − 2 + 1 x + 4 = 0
4 4 
 2 − 6 = 5 − 6 − 6
x 2 − 10 x + 16 = 0
= 5 − 6( +  )
( x − 2)( x − 8) = 0
= 5 − 6(−6)
x = 2 or x = 8
= 41
∴ The coordinates of A and B are (2, 0) and (8, 0)
respectively.
33. Let  and  be the roots of rx2 – (r + 2)x + 2 = 0, ∴ The length of AB = (8 − 2) units
where  <  .
= 6 units
∴ The coordinates of A and B are (, 0) and (, 0)
respectively.
(a) ∵ OA + OB = 5 units Exercise 2D (p. 2.37)
 + =5 Level 1
∴
[−(r + 2)] 1. (a) − 9 + − 81 = 9 • i + 81 • i
− =5 = 3i + 9i
r
r+2 = 12i
=5
r
r + 2 = 5r − 36 − 16 36 16
1 (b) − = •i − •i
r= 49 49 49 49
2 6 4
= i− i
7 7
2
1 = i
(b) By substituting r = into the equation, we have 7
2

1 2 1  2. (a) 12 + xi = 3 y − 6i
x −  + 2x + 2 = 0
2 2  By comparing the real parts, we have
x 2 − 5x + 4 = 0 12 = 3 y
( x − 1)( x − 4) = 0 y=4
x = 1 or x=4 By comparing the imaginary parts, we have
x = −6
∴ The coordinates of A and B are (1, 0) and (4, 0)
respectively.
(b) − 2 x + − 144 = −8 + yi 3
34. Let  and  be the roots of kx2 − 2(k + 1) x + 4 = 0 , where
− 2 x + 144 • i = −8 + y (−1)i
<.
− 2 x + 12i = −8 − yi
∴ The coordinates of A and B are (, 0) and (, 0)
respectively. By comparing the real parts, we have
−2 x = −8
x=4
By comparing the imaginary parts, we have
12 = − y
y = − 12

51
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 4A Full Solutions

3. (4 + 8i ) + (7 − 2i ) = 4 + 8i + 7 − 2i 13. (1 − 4i )(−4 + i ) = (1 − 4i)(−4) + (1 − 4i )(i )

= (4 + 7) + (8 − 2)i = −4 + 16i + i − 4i 2
= 11 + 6i = −4 + 16i + i − 4(−1)
= (−4 + 4) + (16 + 1)i
4. (−2 + i) + (3 − 6i ) = −2 + i + 3 − 6i = 17i
= (−2 + 3) + (1 − 6)i
= 1 − 5i 14. (1 + 6i ) 2 = 12 + 2(1)(6i ) + (6i ) 2
= 1 + 12i + 36i 2
5. (1 − 3i ) − (4 − 5i ) = 1 − 3i − 4 + 5i
= 1 + 12i + 36(−1)
= (1 − 4) + (−3 + 5)i
= − 35 + 12i
= − 3 + 2i

6. (−8 + 7i ) − (−2 − 9i) = −8 + 7i + 2 + 9i 15. (6 − 5i ) 2 = 6 2 − 2(6)(5i ) + (5i ) 2

= (−8 + 2) + (7 + 9)i = 36 − 60i + 25i 2
= − 6 + 16i = 36 − 60i + 25(−1)
= 11 − 60i
7. (5 + xi ) + ( y − 3i ) = −7
5 + xi + y − 3i = −7 16. (8 + 3i )(8 − 3i ) = 8 2 − (3i ) 2
(5 + y ) + ( x − 3)i = −7 = 64 − 9i 2
By comparing the real parts, we have = 64 − 9(−1)
5 + y = −7
= 73
y = − 12
By comparing the imaginary parts, we have 9 − 4i 4
x −3 = 0 17. = 3− i
3 3
x=3

5−i 5−i i
8. (3 x + 5i ) − (6 + 10 yi ) = 0 18. = •
i i i
3 x + 5i − 6 − 10 yi = 0 (5 − i )i
(3 x − 6) + (5 − 10 y )i = 0 =
i2
By comparing the real parts, we have 5i − i 2
3x − 6 = 0 =
i2
x=2 5i − ( −1)
=
By comparing the imaginary parts, we have −1
5 − 10 y = 0 = − 1 − 5i
1
y=
2 10 − 12i 10 − 12i i
19. = •
− 4i − 4i i
9. −3( −2 + 5i ) = 6 − 15i (10 − 12i )i
=
− 4i 2
10. i (3 − 2i ) = 3i − 2i
2 10i − 12i 2
=
= 3i − 2(−1) − 4i 2
= 2 + 3i 10i − 12( −1)
=
− 4( −1)
12 + 10i
11. − 6i (2 + 5i ) = −12i − 30i 2 =
4
= −12i − 30(−1)
5
= 30 − 12i = 3+ i
2

12. (2 − 2i )(1 + 7i ) = (2 − 2i )(1) + (2 − 2i)(7i )

= 2 − 2i + 14i − 14i 2
= 2 − 2i + 14i − 14(−1)
= (2 + 14) + (−2 + 14)i
= 16 + 12i

52
 2 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (II)

1 1 1 − 2i 25. Using the quadratic formula,

20. = •
1 + 2i 1 + 2i 1 − 2i − (−2)  (−2) 2 − 4(1)(2)
1 − 2i x=
= 2 2(1)
1 − (2i ) 2
2 −4
1 − 2i =
= 2
1 − 4i 2 2  2i
1 − 2i =
= 2
1 − 4( −1) = 1 i
1 2
= − i
5 5 26. Using the quadratic formula,
− 4  4 2 − 4(1)(8)
3i 3i 4+i x=
21. = • 2(1)
4−i 4−i 4+i
3i ( 4 + i ) − 4  − 16
= 2 2 =
4 −i 2
12i + 3i 2 − 4  4i
= =
16 − i 2 2
12i + 3(−1) = − 2  2i
=
16 − ( −1)
3 12 Level 2
=− + i 27. (5 − 2i ) + (2 − 3i )(1 − 4i ) = 5 − 2i + ( 2 − 3i )(1) + (2 − 3i )(−4i )
17 17
= 5 − 2i + 2 − 3i − 8i + 12i 2
3−i 3−i 3−i = 5 − 2i + 2 − 3i − 8i + 12(−1)
22. = • = − 5 − 13i
3+i 3+i 3−i
3 2 − 2(3)(i ) + i 2
=
32 − i 2 28. (2 − i )(3 + 2i )(2i − 1) = (2 − i )[(3 + 2i )(2i ) + (3 + 2i )(−1)]
9 − 6i + i 2 = (2 − i )(6i + 4i 2 − 3 − 2i )
=
9−i2 = (2 − i )[−3 + 4i + 4(−1)]
9 − 6i + ( −1) = (2 − i )(−7 + 4i )
=
9 − ( −1) = (2 − i )(−7) + (2 − i )(4i )
4 3 = −14 + 7i + 8i − 4i 2
= − i
5 5 = −14 + 15i − 4(−1)
= − 10 + 15i
11 + 13i 11 + 13i 2 − 5i
23. = •
2 + 5i 2 + 5i 2 − 5i 2+i 2+i
(11 + 13i )(2 − 5i ) 29. =
= (3 + i )(1 + 3i ) 3 + i + 9i + 3i 2
2 2 − (5i ) 2
2+i
22 + 26i − 55i − 65i 2 =
= 3 + 10i + 3( −1)
4 − 25i 2
2+i
22 − 29i − 65(−1) =
= 10i
4 − 25(−1)
(2 + i )i
87 − 29i =
= 10i 2
29 2i + i 2
= 3−i =
10( −1)
2i + (−1)
−7 + 6i −7 + 6i −2 − i =
24. = • − 10
−2+i −2+i −2−i 1 1
(−7 + 6i )(−2 − i ) = − i
= 10 5
(−2) 2 − i 2
14 − 12i + 7i − 6i 2
= 30. (7 + 3i ) − (7 − 3i ) = [7 + 3i + (7 − 3i )][7 + 3i − (7 − 3i )]
2 2

4 − i2
= (7 + 3i + 7 − 3i )(7 + 3i − 7 + 3i )
14 − 5i − 6(−1)
= = (14)(6i )
4 − (−1)
20 − 5i = 84i
=
5
= 4−i

53
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 4A Full Solutions

6  2 x = −6
31. (7 − 2 xi ) −  − y  = xi
i  x = −3
6
7 − 2 xi − + y = xi By substituting x = −3 into (1), we have
i −(−3) = 3 y
6 i y =1
7 − 2 xi − • + y = xi
i i
6i
7 − 2 xi − 2 + y = xi 35. (a) i15 = i 43+3 = i 3 = i 2  i = (−1)  i = − i
i
 6 
(7 + y ) +  − 2 x − i = xi
 (−1)  (b) i 21 = i 45+1 = i
(7 + y ) + ( −2 x + 6)i = xi
By comparing the real parts, we have (c) i 28 = i 47 = 1
7+ y = 0
y = −7 (d) i 34 = i 48+2 = i 2 = −1
By comparing the imaginary parts, we have
−2 x + 6 = x 36. ∵ 4 − i is a root of the equation x 2 + mx + n = 0 .
3x = 6 ( 4 − i ) 2 + m( 4 − i ) + n = 0
∴
x=2
16 − 8i + i 2 + 4m − mi + n = 0
[16 + (−1) + 4m + n] + (−8 − m)i = 0
32. (1 + xi ) + i (1 + yi ) = 2 + 3i 3
(15 + 4m + n) + (−8 − m)i = 0
1 + xi + i + yi 2 = 2 + 3(−1)i
15 + 4m + n = 0......(1)
1 + xi + i + y (−1) = 2 − 3i ∴ 
− 8 − m = 0 ......(2)
(1 − y ) + ( x + 1)i = 2 − 3i From (2),
By comparing the real parts, we have −8 − m = 0
1− y = 2
m = −8
y = −1
By substituting m = −8 into (1), we have
By comparing the imaginary parts, we have
15 + 4(−8) + n = 0
x + 1 = −3
n = 17
x = −4

33. ( x − i)(2 + 3i) = 1 + yi 37. ∵ p + i is a root of the equation x 2 + 4 x + q = 0 .

( x − i)(2) + ( x − i)(3i) = 1 + yi ∴ ( p + i ) 2 + 4( p + i ) + q = 0

2 x − 2i + 3xi − 3i 2 = 1 + yi p 2 + 2 pi + i 2 + 4 p + 4i + q = 0
[2 x − 3(−1)] + (3x − 2)i = 1 + yi [ p 2 + (−1) + 4 p + q ] + (2 p + 4)i = 0
(2 x + 3) + (3x − 2)i = 1 + yi ( p 2 − 1 + 4 p + q ) + (2 p + 4)i = 0
2 x + 3 = 1 ......(1)  p 2 − 1 + 4 p + q = 0......(1)
∴  ∴ 
3x − 2 = y......(2) 2 p + 4 = 0 ......(2)
From (1), From (2),
2x + 3 = 1 2p + 4 = 0
x = −1 p =−2
By substituting x = −1 into (2), we have By substituting p = −2 into (1), we have
3(−1) − 2 = y
(−2) 2 − 1 + 4(−2) + q = 0
y = −5
q=5

xi 3 1 + 3i
34. = 38. (a)
1
=
1
•
y − 2i 2 + i 1 − 3i 1 − 3i 1 + 3i
xi (2 + i ) = 3( y − 2i ) 1 + 3i
= 2
2 xi + xi 2 = 3 y − 6i 1 − (3i ) 2
x(−1) + 2 xi = 3 y − 6i 1 + 3i
=
− x + 2 xi = 3 y − 6i 1 − 9i 2
− x = 3 y ......(1) 1 + 3i
=
∴  1 − 9(−1)
2 x = −6......(2)
1 + 3i
From (2), =
10

54
 2 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (II)

10  1 + 3i  3. ∵ The graph of y = 4 x 2 − 12 x + k has only one

(b) = 10 
1 − 3i  10  x-intercept.
= 1 + 3i ∴ =0
10 i.e. (−12) 2 − 4(4)(k ) = 0
∵ is a root of the equation x 2 + px + q = 0 .
1 − 3i 144 − 16k = 0
∴ (1 + 3i ) 2 + p(1 + 3i ) + q = 0 k =9
1 + 6i + 9i + p + 3 pi + q = 0
2

[1 + 9(−1) + p + q ] + (6 + 3 p )i = 0 4. ∵ The equation kx2 − x + 3 = 0 has no real roots.

(−8 + p + q ) + (6 + 3 p )i = 0 ∴ 0
−8 + p + q = 0......(1) i.e. (−1) 2 − 4(k )(3)  0
∴  1 − 12k  0
6 + 3 p = 0 ......(2)
From (2), 1
k
6 + 3p = 0 12
p = −2 ∴ The range of values of k is k 
1
.
12
By substituting p = −2 into (1), we have
−8 + (−2) + q = 0
( −1)
q = 10 5. (a)  +  = − =1
1

39. (a) ∵  = 3 + 7i is a root of the equation −3

(b)  = = −3
x 2 + px + q = 0 . 1
∴ (3 + 7i ) 2 + p(3 + 7i ) + q = 0
4 4 4 + 4
9 + 42i + 49i 2 + 3 p + 7 pi + q = 0 (c) + =
  
[9 + 49(−1) + 3 p + q] + (7 p + 42)i = 0
4( +  )
(−40 + 3 p + q) + (7 p + 42)i = 0 =

−40 + 3 p + q = 0 4(1)
∴  =
7 p + 42 = 0 (−3)
If x = 3 − 7i , then 4
=−
(3 − 7i ) 2 + p (3 − 7i ) + q 3
= 9 − 42i + 49i 2 + 3 p − 7 pi + q
= [9 + 49(−1) + 3 p + q ] − (7 p + 42)i (d)  2 +  2 = ( 2 + 2 +  2 ) − 2
= (−40 + 3 p + q ) − (7 p + 42)i = ( +  ) 2 − 2
=0 = 12 − 2(−3)
∴  = 3 − 7i is also a root of x + px + q = 0 .
2
=7
∴ Sharon’s claim is agreed.
6. (a) The required quadratic equation is
(b)  +  = (3 + 7i ) + (3 − 7i ) = 6 ( x − 3)[ x − (−2)] = 0
 = (3 + 7i)(3 − 7i) = 32 − (7i)2 = 9 − 49(−1) = 58 ( x − 3)( x + 2) = 0
p
Sum of roots = − = 6 x2 − x − 6 = 0
1
p = −6 (b) The required quadratic equation is
q [ x − (1 + 5 )][ x − (1 − 5 )] = 0
Product of roots = = 58
1 ( x − 1 − 5 )( x − 1 + 5 ) = 0
q = 58 ( x − 1) 2 − ( 5 ) 2 = 0
x 2 − 2x + 1 − 5 = 0
Check Yourself (p. 2.41)
1. (a) ✓ (b) ✓ (c)  x 2 − 2x − 4 = 0
(d) ✓ (e) 
7. (a) 2 x + 4i = 6 − yi
(−7) 7 By comparing the real parts, we have
2. a+b = − =
2 2 2x = 6
x=3
4
ab = =2 By comparing the imaginary parts, we have
2
4 = −y
y =−4

55
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 4A Full Solutions

(b) 5 − 3xi = 9i − y 5. ∵ The graph of y = x 2 − 4 x + (3 + p) has two x-intercepts.

5 − 3xi = − y + 9i ∴ 0
By comparing the real parts, we have i.e. (−4) 2 − 4(1)(3 + p)  0
5 = −y
16 − 12 − 4 p  0
y = −5
4−4p  0
By comparing the imaginary parts, we have p 1
−3x = 9
∴ The range of values of p is p < 1.
x = −3
6. ∵ The graph of y = (1 − p) x 2 + 6 x − 5 does not intersect
8. (a) (−3 + 3i ) + (2 − i ) = −3 + 3i + 2 − i the x-axis.
= (−3 + 2) + (3 − 1)i ∴ 0
= − 1 + 2i i.e. 6 2 − 4(1 − p )(−5)  0
36 + 20 − 20 p  0
(b) (7 − 2i ) − (3 + 5i ) = 7 − 2i − 3 − 5i 56 − 20 p  0
= (7 − 3) + (−2 − 5)i 14
= 4 − 7i p
5
14
∴ The range of values of p is p  .
(c) − 3i (2 − 6i ) = −6i + 18i 2 5
= −6i + 18(−1)
= − 18 − 6i 7. ∵ The equation 4 x 2 + 8x − (2 p − 1) = 0 has real roots.
∴ 0
2i 2i 1 − 2i i.e. 8 2 − 4(4)[−(2 p − 1)]  0
(d) = •
1 + 2i 1 + 2i 1 − 2i 64 + 32 p − 16  0
2i − 4i 2 48 + 32 p  0
= 2
1 − 4i 2 3
p−
2i − 4( −1) 2
=
1 − 4( −1) 3
∴ The range of values of p is p  − .
4 2 2
= + i
5 5
8. 3x 2 − 6 x + k = 3
Revision Exercise 2 (p. 2.42) 3x 2 − 6 x + k − 3 = 0
Level 1  = (−6) 2 − 4(3)(k − 3)
1. For the equation 2x 2 + 5x −1 = 0 , = 36 − 12k + 36
 = 52 − 4(2)(−1) = 33  0 = 72 − 12k
∴ The equation has two unequal real roots and the (a) ∵ The equation 3x 2 − 6x + k − 3 = 0 has two unequal
corresponding graph has two x-intercepts. real roots.
∴ 0
2. For the equation − x 2 + 8x −16 = 0 , i.e. 72 − 12k  0
 = 82 − 4(−1)(−16) = 0 k 6
∴ The equation has one double real root and the ∴ The range of values of k is k < 6.
corresponding graph has one x-intercept.
(b) ∵ The equation 3x 2 − 6x + k − 3 = 0 has no real
3. For the equation 4x − 7 x + 4 = 0 ,
2
roots.
 = (−7) 2 − 4(4)(4) = −15  0 ∴ 0
∴ The equation has no real roots and the corresponding i.e. 72 − 12k  0
graph has no x-intercepts. k 6
∴ The range of values of k is k > 6.
1 2
4. For the equation − x − 3x + 2 = 0 ,
2 9. (a) ∵ The graph of y = 2kx 2 − 24 x + 18 has only one
 1 x-intercept.
 = (−3) 2 − 4 − (2) = 13  0
 2 ∴ =0
i.e. (−24) − 4(2k )(18) = 0
2
∴ The equation has two unequal real roots and the
corresponding graph has two x-intercepts. 576 − 144k = 0
k =4

56
 2 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (II)

(b) For k = 4, the corresponding quadratic equation is 4k − 2

14. (a) Sum of roots = −
2(4) x 2 − 24 x + 18 = 0 7
8 x 2 − 24 x + 18 = 0 4k − 2
−2=−
4 x 2 − 12 x + 9 = 0 7
14 = 4k − 2
(2 x − 3) 2 = 0
k =4
3
x=
2
−( k + 1)
3 (b) Product of roots =
∴ The x-intercept of the graph is . 7
2
4 +1
=−
7
10. (a) 2 x 2 − 5x + 3 = k
5
2 x 2 − 5x + 3 − k = 0 =−
7
∵ The equation 2x2 − 5x + 3 − k = 0 has two equal
real roots.
=0 (−15)
∴ 15. Sum of roots =  + ( + 7) = −
1
i.e. (−5) − 4(2)(3 − k ) = 0
2
2 + 7 = 15
25 − 24 + 8k = 0
=4
1 + 8k = 0
k
k =−
1 Product of roots =  ( + 7) =
1
8
4(4 + 7) = k
k = 44
1
(b) By substituting k = − into the equation, we have
8
1 16. Let  and 2 be the roots of x 2 − kx + 18 = 0 .
2 x 2 − 5x + 3 = − 18
8 Product of roots =  (2 ) =
16 x 2 − 40 x + 24 = −1 1
2 = 18
2
16 x 2 − 40 x + 25 = 0
2 = 9
(4 x − 5) 2 = 0
 = 3 or − 3
5
x= (−k )
4 Sum of roots =  + 2 = −
1
3 = k
(−6)
11. Sum of roots = − =3 When  = 3 , k = 3(3) = 9
2
When  = −3 , k = 3(−3) = −9
−7 7
Product of roots = =− ∴ k = 9 or −9
2 2

1
(−5) 5 17. Sum of roots =  +  = −
12. Sum of roots = − =− 2
(−2) 2
8
1 1 Product of roots =  = = 4
Product of roots = =− 2
−2 2 (a) 2 + 2 +  = 2( +  ) + 
 1
(−3) = 2 −  + 4
13. Sum of roots = −  2
a =3
3
6=
a
1 1  +
1 (b) + =
a= 2 2  2
2
1
−c c −
Product of roots = =− = 2
a 1 2(4)
2 1
c =−
−9 = − 16
1
2
9
c=
2

57
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 4A Full Solutions

 1  1 1 (b) The required quadratic equation is

(c)   +   +  =  + 1 + 1 +
     1    5 
  
 x −  −   x −  −  = 0
1   4    2 
= 4+2+
4  1  5
 x +  x +  = 0
=
25  4  2
4  1  5
8 x +  x +  = 8(0)
 4  2
18. Sum of roots =  +  = −
9
= −9 ( 4 x + 1)(2 x + 5) = 0
1 8 x 2 + 22 x + 5 = 0
4
Product of roots =  = = 4
1 (c) The required quadratic equation is
(a)  +  = ( + 2 +  ) − 2
2 2 2 2
[ x − (2 + 11 )][ x − (2 − 11 )] = 0
= ( +  ) − 2
2
( x − 2 − 11 )( x − 2 + 11 ) = 0
= ( −9 ) 2 − 2 ( 4 ) ( x − 2) 2 − ( 11 ) 2 = 0
= 73 x 2 − 4 x + 4 − 11 = 0
x 2 − 4x − 7 = 0
(b)   +  =  ( +  )
3 3 2 2

= 4(73) 21. ∵  and  are the roots of x 2 + 5x − 13 = 0 .

= 292 5
∴  + =− = −5
1
  2 +2 −13
(c) + =  = = −13
   1
For the required quadratic equation,
73
= 1 1  +
4 + =
  
−5
( −6 ) =
19.  +  = − =2 − 13
3
5
−k k =
 = =− 13
3 3
 1  1 1
∵ (1 − 2 )(1 − 2  ) = 1    =
∴ 1 − 2 − 2  + 4 = 1      
1 − 2( +  ) + 4 = 1 1
=
− 13
 k
− 2( 2) + 4 −  = 0 1
 3 =−
13
4 ∴
−4− k =0 The required quadratic equation is
3 5  1
k = −3 x2 − x + −  = 0
13  13 
13 x 2 − 5 x − 1 = 0
20. (a) The required quadratic equation is
 2
[ x − ( −3)] x −  = 0 22. ∵  and  are the roots of 3x 2 + 10x − 6 = 0 .
 3
10
 2 ∴  + =−
( x + 3) x −  = 0 3
 3 −6
 = = −2
 2 3
3( x + 3) x −  = 3(0)
 3 For the required quadratic equation,
( x + 3)(3 x − 2) = 0 (3 + 2) + (3 + 2) = 3( +  ) + 4
3x 2 + 7 x − 6 = 0  10 
= 3 −  + 4
 3
= −6
(3 + 2)(3 + 2) = 9 + 6 + 6 + 4
= 9 + 6( +  ) + 4
 10 
= 9(−2) + 6 −  + 4
 3
= −34

58
 2 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (II)

∴ The required quadratic equation is (ii) By substituting k = −18 into − 2x 2 −12x + k = 0 ,

x − (−6) x + (−34) = 0
2
we have
x 2 + 6 x − 34 = 0 − 2 x 2 − 12 x − 18 = 0
x 2 + 6x + 9 = 0
23. For the equation x + 9x + 7 = 0 ,
2
( x + 3) 2 = 0
9
sum of roots = − = −9 x = −3
1 ∴ The coordinates of P are (−3, 0) .
7
product of roots = = 7 ∵ The graph of y = −2 x 2 − 12 x − 18 cuts the
1
y-axis at Q.
∴ The required quadratic equation is
∴ By substituting x = 0 into
[ x − (−9)]( x − 7) = 0
y = −2 x 2 − 12 x − 18 , we have
( x + 9)( x − 7) = 0
y = −2(0) 2 − 12(0) − 18 = −18
x 2 + 2 x − 63 = 0
∴ The coordinates of Q are (0, −18) .
24. Let  and  be the roots of 2x 2 − 8x + 1 = 0 .
( −8) 1
 + =− =4 (b) Area of △OPQ =  OP  OQ
2 2
1
1 =  3  18 sq.units
 = 2
2
= 27 sq. units
For the required quadratic equation,
 2 +  2 = ( 2 + 2 +  2 ) − 2
= ( +  ) 2 − 2 27. (a) − 49 − − 100 = 49 • i − 100 • i
1 = 7i − 10i
= 4 2 − 2 
2 = − 3i
= 15
 2  2 = ( ) 2 9 25 9 25
(b) − − + − =− •i + •i
1
2 16 4 16 4
=  3 5
2 =− i+ i
4 2
1
= 7
4 = i
∴ The required quadratic equation is 4
1
x 2 − 15 x + = 0 28. (a) (−7 + 3i ) + (1 − i ) = −7 + 3i + 1 − i
4
4 x 2 − 60 x + 1 = 0 = (−7 + 1) + (3 − 1)i
= − 6 + 2i
25. ∵ The graph of y = x − 10 x + k cuts the x-axis at
2

P ( , 0) and Q ( + 4, 0) . (b) (2 − 5i ) − (−3 + 5i ) = 2 − 5i + 3 − 5i

∴ The roots of x −10x + k = 0 are  and  + 4 .
2 = (2 + 3) + (−5 − 5)i
(−10) = 5 − 10i
Sum of roots =  + ( + 4) = −
1
2 + 4 = 10 (c) (2 − i )(3 + 2i ) = (2 − i )(3) + (2 − i )(2i )
2 = 6 = 6 − 3i + 4i − 2i 2
=3 = 6 − 3i + 4i − 2(−1)
k = (6 + 2) + (−3 + 4)i
Product of roots =  ( + 4) =
1 =8+i
3(3 + 4) = k
k = 21 (d) (3 − 4i ) 2 = 32 − 2(3)(4i ) + (4i ) 2
= 9 − 24i + 16i 2
26. (a) (i) ∵ The graph of y = −2 x − 12 x + k touches the
2
= 9 − 24i + 16(−1)
x-axis at one point. = − 7 − 24i
∴ =0
i.e. (−12) − 4(−2)(k ) = 0
2

144 + 8k = 0
k = − 18

59
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 4A Full Solutions

−i −i 3 + i 30. (a) ( x − 3) 2 + 25 = 0
(e) = •
3−i 3−i 3+i ( x − 3) 2 = −25
− 3i − i 2
= x − 3 =  − 25
9 − i2
− 3i − ( −1) x − 3 = 5i
= x = 3  5i
9 − ( −1)
1 3
= − i (b) Using the quadratic formula,
10 10
− (−6)  (−6) 2 − 4(1)(11)
x=
−5 + i −5 + i 1 − 5i 2(1)
(f) = •
1 + 5i 1 + 5i 1 − 5i 6 −8
=
− 5 + i + 25i − 5i 2 2
=
1 − 25i 2 6  8i
− 5 + 26i − 5(−1) =
= 2
1 − 25(−1) = 3  2i
=i
(c) Using the quadratic formula,
29. (a) (8 − yi ) − ( x − 3i ) = 2
− ( −4)  ( −4) 2 − 4(3)(2)
8 − yi − x + 3i = 2 x=
2(3)
(8 − x) + (3 − y )i = 2
By comparing the real parts, we have 4 −8
=
8− x = 2 6
x=6 4  8i
=
By comparing the imaginary parts, we have 6
3− y = 0 2 2
=  i
y =3 3 3

(b) 2 + 3i = xi + yi 2 + 4i 3 + 6i 4 Level 2
2 + 3i = xi + y (−1) + 4(−i ) + 6(1) 31. (a) 2 x 2 + 2 = 3x + k
2 + 3i = xi − y − 4i + 6 2 x 2 − 3x + 2 − k = 0
2 + 3i = (6 − y ) + ( x − 4)i  = (−3) 2 − 4(2)(2 − k )
By comparing the real parts, we have = 9 − 16 + 8k
2 = 6− y = 8k − 7
y=4
By comparing the imaginary parts, we have (b) If k is a negative integer, then   0 , i.e. the equation
3= x−4 has no real roots.
x=7 ∴ Peter’s claim is agreed.

32. (a) ∵ The equation 3x 2 + (k + 3) x + 12 = 0 has one

(c) xi (6 + 3i ) = − y + 12i
double real root.
6 xi + 3 xi 2 = − y + 12i ∴ =0
6 xi + 3 x( −1) = − y + 12i i.e. (k + 3) − 4(3)(12) = 0
2

− 3 x + 6 xi = − y + 12i
k 2 + 6k + 9 − 144 = 0
−3x = − y......(1) k 2 + 6k − 135 = 0
∴ 
6 x = 12 ......(2) (k + 15)(k − 9) = 0
From (2),
k + 15 = 0 or k − 9 = 0
6 x = 12
k = − 15 or k =9
x=2
By substituting x = 2 into (1), we have
−3(2) = − y (b) By substituting k = 9 into 3x 2 + (k + 3) x + 12 = 0 ,
we have
y=6
3x 2 + (9 + 3) x + 12 = 0
3x 2 + 12 x + 12 = 0
x2 + 4x + 4 = 0
( x + 2) 2 = 0
x = −2
60
 2 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (II)

∴ The x-intercept of the graph is –2. 36. (a) ∵ (3 p + 1) x 2 + ( p + 3) x + 1 = 0 is a quadratic

equation.
33. (a) ∵ The graph of y = (m − 2) x 2 + (2m + 5) x + (m + 1) ∴ 3p +1  0
cuts the x-axis at two points. p+3
Sum of roots = −
∴ (m − 2) x 2 + (2m + 5) x + (m + 1) = 0 is a quadratic 3p +1
equation. 1
∴ The coefficient of x 2 cannot be zero. Product of roots =
3p +1
∴ m−2  0
∵ Sum of roots is equal to product of roots.
m2 p+3 1
∴ − =
3p +1 3p +1
(b) ∵ The graph of y = (m − 2) x 2 + (2m + 5) x + (m + 1)
− ( p + 3) = 1 ( 3 p + 1  0)
cuts the x-axis at two points.
∴ 0 p+4=0
i.e. (2m + 5) 2 − 4(m − 2)(m + 1)  0 p =−4

4m 2 + 20m + 25 − 4(m 2 − m − 2)  0
(b) If the sum of its roots is equal to the product of its
4m 2 + 20m + 25 − 4m 2 + 4m + 8  0 roots, then p = −4 .
24m + 33  0 By substituting p = −4 into
11
m− (3 p + 1) x 2 + ( p + 3) x + 1 = 0 , we have
8
[3(−4) + 1]x 2 + (−4 + 3) x + 1 = 0
11
∴ The range of values of m is m  − except − 11x 2 − x + 1 = 0
8
m=2.  = (−1) − 4(−11)(1)
2

= 45
34. (a) ∵ The graph of y = ax2 + 8x + c touches the x-axis at 0
only one point. ∴ The roots of the quadratic equation must be
∴ =0 distinct.
i.e. 82 − 4ac = 0 ∴ Kelvin’s claim is agreed.
ac = 16
(−1) 1
Since a and c are positive integers, 37. Sum of roots =  +  = − =
when a = 1 and c = 16, a + c = 1 + 16 = 17; 3 3
when a = 2 and c = 8, a + c = 2 + 8 = 10; −5 5
Product of roots =  = =−
when a = 4 and c = 4, a + c = 4 + 4 = 8; 3 3
when a = 8 and c = 2, a + c = 8 + 2 = 10;
(a) ( −  ) 2 =  2 − 2 +  2
when a = 16 and c = 1, a + c = 16 + 1 = 17.
∴ The possible values of a + c are 8, 10 and 17. = ( 2 + 2 +  2 ) − 4
= ( +  ) 2 − 4
(b) For the equation 2x2 + (a + c)x + 10 = 0, 2
Δ = (a + c)2 – 4(2)(10) = (a + c)2 – 80 1  5
=   − 4 − 
When a + c = 8, 3  3
Δ = 82 – 80 = –16 < 0 61
In this case, the equation 2x2 + (a + c)x + 10 = 0 has no =
real roots. 9
∴ Ken’s claim is not correct.
61
35. ( x + k )[ x − (k + 2)] = 1 (b) ( −  ) 2 =
9
x 2 + kx − (k + 2) x − k (k + 2) = 1 61
 − = (∵    )
x 2 + kx − kx − 2 x − k 2 − 2k − 1 = 0 9
x 2 − 2 x − (k 2 + 2k + 1) = 0 61
=
x − 2 x − (k + 1) = 0
2 2
3
For the equation x 2 − 2 x − (k + 1)2 = 0 ,  2 −  2 = ( +  )( −  )
 = (−2) 2 − 4(1)[−(k + 1) 2 ]  1  61 
=  
= 4 + 4(k + 1) 2  3  3 
0 61
∴ The quadratic equation ( x + k )[ x − (k + 2)] = 1 has two =
9
distinct real roots for any real values of k.

61
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 4A Full Solutions

(c)  3 −  3 = ( −  )( 2 +  +  2 ) n
product of roots = (3 −  )(3 −  ) =
= ( −  )[( + 2 +  ) −  ]
2 2 1
9 − 3 − 3 +  = n
= ( −  )[( +  ) 2 −  ]
9 − 3( +  ) +  = n
 61   1  2  5 
=    −  −  9 − 3(−m) + (−3) = n
 3   3   3 
   9 + 3m − 3 = n
16 61 6 + 3(−2) = n
=
27 n=0

(1 − 2k ) 41. ∵  and  are the roots of x 2 + 4x − 11 = 0 .

38.  +  = − = 2k − 1
1 4
∴  + =− = −4
−3k 1
 = = −3k
1 −11
 = = −11
∵  2 +  2 = 43 1
( 2 + 2 +  2 ) − 2 = 43 For the required quadratic equation,
∴
( − 3 ) + (  − 3 ) =  − 3 +  − 3
( +  ) 2 − 2 = 43
= −2( +  )
(2k − 1) 2 − 2(−3k ) = 43 = −2(−4)
4k 2 − 4k + 1 + 6k − 43 = 0 =8
4k 2 + 2k − 42 = 0 ( − 3 )(  − 3 ) =  − 3 2 − 3 2 + 9
2k 2 + k − 21 = 0 = −3( 2 +  2 ) + 10
(2k + 7)(k − 3) = 0 = −3( 2 + 2 +  2 − 2 ) + 10
2k + 7 = 0 or k − 3 = 0 = −3( 2 + 2 +  2 ) + 16
7
k =− or k =3 = −3( +  ) 2 + 16
2
= −3(−4) 2 + 16(−11)
= −224
b ∴ The required quadratic equation is
39. Sum of roots = (2 + bi ) + (2 − bi ) = −
1 x 2 − (8) x + (−224) = 0
4 = −b
x 2 − 8 x − 224 = 0
b= −4
Product of roots 1 1 −3
42. (a) Product of roots = • =
= [2 + (−4)i ][2 − (−4)i ]   1
= (2 − 4i )(2 + 4i ) 1
= −3
= 4 − 16(−1) 
= 20 1
 = −
c 3
∴ = 20
1 1 1 (−1)
Sum of roots = + =−
c = 20   1
 +
=1
40.  +  = −
m
= −m

1  +
=1
−3 1
 = = −3 −
1 3
For the quadratic equation x2 − 4x + n = 0 ,  + = −
1
(−4) 3
sum of roots = (3 −  ) + (3 −  ) = −
1
6 − −  = 4 (b) The required quadratic equation is
6 − ( +  ) = 4  1  1
x2 −  − x +  −  = 0
6 − ( − m) = 4  3  3
6+m = 4 3x 2 + x − 1 = 0
m= −2

62
 2 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (II)

43. ∵ 2 and 2 are the roots of x 2 + px + q = 0 . (b) When x = 1,

p y = k (1) 2 + (2k + 1)(1) + k
∴ Sum of roots = 2 + 2 = − = k + 2k + 1 + k
1
2( +  ) = − p = 4k + 1
p For k = −1 , y = 4(−1) + 1 = −3 .
 + = − ∴ It is possible that P(1, − 3) lies on the graph.
2
q
Product of roots = (2 )(2  ) =
1 46. Consider the quadratic equation x 2 + (2k + 1) x + k (k + 1) = 0 .
4 = q  = (2k + 1) 2 − 4(1)[k (k + 1)]
q = 4k 2 + 4k + 1 − 4k 2 − 4k
 =
4 =1 0
For the required quadratic equation, ∴ The quadratic equation has two distinct real roots.
(4 + 3 ) + (3 + 4 ) = 7( +  )
∴ The graph of y = x 2 + (2k + 1) x + k (k + 1) has two
 p
= 7 −  x-intercepts.
 2 ∴ The graph is not correctly sketched.
7p
=−
2 47. (a) Let  and  be the roots of x 2 + kx + 3 = 0 ,
(4 + 3 )(3 + 4  ) = 12 2 + 25 + 12  2 where 0     .
= 12( 2 + 2 +  2 ) +  k
 +  = − = −k  0
= 12( +  ) 2 +  1
3
 p q
2
 = = 3
= 12 −  + 1
 2 4 ∵ AB = 2 units
12 p 2 + q ∴  − = 2
=
4 ( −  ) 2 = 4
∴ The required quadratic equation is
 − 2 +  2 = 4
2

 7 p   12 p 2 + q 
x2 −  − x + =0 ( 2 + 2 +  2 ) − 4 = 4
 2   4 
( +  ) 2 − 4 = 4
4 x 2 + 14 px + 12 p 2 + q = 0
( − k ) 2 − 4(3) = 4
44. ∵ The graph of y = 2 x 2 − 5x + k intersects the x-axis k 2 − 12 = 4
at two points. k 2 = 16
∴ The equation 2x2 − 5x + k = 0 has two distinct real k = 4 or − 4 (rejected)
roots.
∴ 0  +
i.e. (−5) − 4(2)(k )  0
2 (b) x-coordinate of M =
2
25 − 8k  0 −k
=
25 2
k
8 −4
=
Also, the y-intercept of the graph is positive. 2
∴ 2(0) − 5(0) + k  0
2
= −2
k 0 ∴ The coordinates of M are (−2, 0) .
25
∴ 0k 
8 48. (a) i 17 = i 44+1 = i
∴ The possible integral values of k are 1, 2 and 3.
(b) i 2016 = i 4504 = 1
45. (a) ∵ The graph of y = kx 2 + (2k + 1) x + k does not
intersect the x-axis.
∴ 0 (c) i 6 • i15 = i 6+15 = i 21 = i 45+1 = i
i.e. (2k + 1) − 4(k )(k )  0
2

4k 2 + 4k + 1 − 4k 2  0 (d) (i 5 ) 23 = i 5 23 = i115 = i 4 28+ 3 = i 3 = − i

4k + 1  0
1 49. (a) (7 + 3i ) − (6 + 2i ) + (9i − 2) = 7 + 3i − 6 − 2i + 9i − 2
k−
4 = (7 − 6 − 2) + (3 − 2 + 9)i
1 = − 1 + 10i
∴ The range of values of k is k  − .
4

63
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 4A Full Solutions

(b) (−4 − i) − 6i (−2i + 1) = −4 − i + 12i 2 − 6i By substituting x = 7 into (2), we have

= −4 − i + 12(−1) − 6i 4(7) − 2 = y
= (−4 − 12) + (−1 − 6)i y = 26
= − 16 − 7i
2 − 4i
(b) =1+ i
x + yi
(6 − i )(2 + 3i ) 12 + 16i − 3i 2
(c) = 2 − 4i = (1 + i )( x + yi )
4 − 2i 4 − 2i
12 + 16i − 3(−1) 2 − 4i = x + xi + yi + yi 2
=
4 − 2i 2 − 4i = [ x + y (−1)] + ( x + y )i
15 + 16i 2 − 4i = ( x − y ) + ( x + y )i
=
4 − 2i  x − y = 2 ......(1)
15 + 16i ∴ 
=  x + y = −4......(2)
2(2 − i ) (1) + (2):
15 + 16i 2 + i 2 x = −2
= •
2(2 − i ) 2 + i x = −1
30 + 47i + 16i 2 By substituting x = −1 into (1), we have
=
2(4 − i 2 ) −1 − y = 2
30 + 47i + 16(−1) y = −3
=
2[4 − (−1)]
14 + 47i  1 
= 51. (a) z = (3 + i ) + k  
10
 3+i 
7 47
= + i  1 3−i 
5 10 = (3 + i ) + k  • 
 3 + i 3−i 
 3−i 
3−i 3 − i 1 − 2i = (3 + i ) + k  
(d) (2 − i ) 2 + = 4 − 4i + i 2 + •  9−i 
2
1 + 2i 1 + 2i 1 − 2i
3 − 7i + 2i 2  3−i 
= 4 − 4i + i 2 + = (3 + i ) + k  
1 − 4i 2  9 − (−1) 
3 − 7i + 2(−1)  3 1 
= 4 − 4i + ( −1) + = (3 + i ) + k  − i 
1 − 4(−1)  10 10 
1 − 7i 30 + 3k 10 − k
= 3 − 4i + = + i ......(1)
5 10 10
16 27 ∵ The imaginary part of z is 2.
= − i
5 5 10 − k
∴ =2
2i 5 + 2i 2i (3 − 5i ) + (5 + 2i )(3 + 5i ) 10
(e) + = 10 − k = 20
3 + 5i 3 − 5i 9 − 25i 2
6i − 10i + 15 + 31i + 10i 2
2 k = − 10
=
9 − 25i 2
15 + 37i (b) By substituting k = −10 into (1), we have
=
9 − 25(−1) 30 + 3(−10) 10 − (−10)
z= + i
15 37 10 10
= + i = 2i
34 34

50. (a) ( 2 + xi )(4 − i ) = 15 + yi 52. Let z = a + bi , where a and b are real numbers.
z + 6 − i = a + bi + 6 − i
8 + 4 xi − 2i − xi 2 = 15 + yi
= (a + 6) + (b − 1)i
[8 − x( −1)] + ( 4 x − 2)i = 15 + yi
∵ z + 6 − i is an imaginary number.
(8 + x ) + ( 4 x − 2)i = 15 + yi
∴ a+6=0
8 + x = 15 ......(1) a = −6
∴ 
4 x − 2 = y......(2) (1 − 4i ) z = (1 − 4i )(−6 + bi )
From (1), = −6 + 24i + bi − 4bi 2
8 + x = 15
= [−6 − 4b(−1)] + (24 + b)i
x=7
= (4b − 6) + ( 24 + b)i

64
 2 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (II)

∵ (1 − 4i) z is a real number. i.e. 42 − 4(1)(13 − k )  0

∴ 24 + b = 0 16 − 52 + 4k  0
b = −24 − 36 + 4k  0
∴ z = −6 − 24i k 9
∴ The range of values of k is k  9 .
53. ( x + 2)( x + 4) = 5 − m
x2 + 6x + 8 − 5 + m = 0 − 1 − 2i − 1 − 2i 2 +i
55. (a) = •
x + 6x + 3 + m = 0
2
2 −i 2 −i 2 +i
(a) ∵ The equation x2 + 6x + 3 + m = 0 has two − 2 − 2i − i − 2i 2
=
non-real roots. 2 − i2
∴ 0
− 2 − 3i − 2 (−1)
i.e. 6 2 − 4(1)(3 + m)  0 =
2 − (−1)
36 − 12 − 4m  0 − 3i
24 − 4m  0 =
3
m6 = −i
∴ The range of values of m is m > 6.
5
(b) The smallest integral value of m is 7. (−1 − 2i ) 6  − 1 − 2i 
(b) =  (−1 − 2i )
By substituting m = 7 into x2 + 6x + 3 + m = 0 , we ( 2 − i) 5  2 −i 
 
have
= (−i ) 5 (−1 − 2i )
x2 + 6x + 3 + 7 = 0
= (−i )(−1 − 2i )
x 2 + 6 x + 10 = 0
Using the quadratic formula, = i + 2i 2
− 6  62 − 4(1)(10) = i + 2 (−1)
x=
2(1) = − 2 +i
−6 −4
=
2 56. (a) (1 + ai)(a + i) = a + a 2i + i + ai 2
− 6  2i
= = a + a 2i + i + a(−1)
2
= −3i = (a 2 + 1)i

54. (a) ∵ −2 + 3i is a root of the equation x 2 + px + q = 0 . (b) (1 + i ) + (1 + 2i )(2 + i ) + (1 + 3i )(3 + i ) + (1 + 4i )(4 + i )

2

∴ (−2 + 3i ) 2 + p (−2 + 3i ) + q = 0 = (12 + 1)i + (2 2 + 1)i + (3 2 + 1)i + ( 4 2 + 1)i

4 − 2(2)(3i ) + 9i − 2 p + 3 pi + q = 0
2
= 34i
4 − 12i + 9(−1) − 2 p + 3 pi + q = 0
(4 − 9 − 2 p + q ) + (3 p − 12)i = 0 Multiple Choice Questions (p. 2.47)
1. Answer: C
(−5 − 2 p + q ) + (3 p − 12)i = 0
I. 3x 2 − 7 x + 5 = 0
−5 − 2 p + q = 0......(1)
∴   = (−7) 2 − 4(3)(5) = −11  0
3 p − 12 = 0 ......(2)
II. 4x 2 + x = 3
From (2),
3 p − 12 = 0 4x 2 + x − 3 = 0
p=4  = 12 − 4(4)(−3) = 49  0
By substituting p = 4 into (1), we have III. x 2 + 12 x = 2 x − 25
−5 − 2(4) + q = 0 x 2 + 10 x + 25 = 0
q = 13  = 102 − 4(1)(25) = 0
∴ Only II and III have real roots.
(b) By substituting p = 4 and q = 13 into ∴ The answer is C.
x 2 + px + (q − k ) = 0 , we have 2. Answer: D
x2 + 4x + 13 − k = 0 ∵ The equation x 2 − 8 x + p = 0 has no real roots.
∵ The equation x2 + 4x + 13 − k = 0 has real roots. ∴ 0
∴ 0 i.e. ( −8) 2 − 4(1)( p )  0
64 − 4 p  0
p  16
∴ The range of values of p is p > 16.

65
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 4A Full Solutions

3. Answer: D ∵  and  are the roots of 2x 2 − 4x − 3 = 0 .

∵ The equation x 2 + (8 − k ) x + 9 = 0 has one double real ( −4 )
root. ∴  + =− =2
2
∴ =0
2 2 + 4  = 4 + 3 + 4 
(8 − k ) 2 − 4(1)(9) = 0
= 4( +  ) + 3
64 − 16k + k 2 − 36 = 0 = 4( 2) + 3
k 2 − 16k + 28 = 0 = 11
(k − 2)(k − 14) = 0
k − 2 = 0 or k − 14 = 0 8. Answer: C
k = 2 or k = 14 Sum of roots = 3 + 5 + 3 − 5
=6
4. Answer: A Product of roots = (3 + 5 )(3 − 5 )
∵ The graph of y = x 2 − 10 x + c cuts the x-axis at two
= 32 − ( 5 ) 2
points.
∴ 0 =9−5
i.e. (−10) 2 − 4(1)(c)  0 =4
The required quadratic equation is
100 − 4c  0
x2 − 6 x + 4 = 0
c  25
∴ The possible values of c are 15 and 20. 9. Answer: B
4
 +  = − = −4
5. Answer: D 1
( −6 ) −7
 + =− =6  = = −7
1 1
k+2 For the required quadratic equation,
 = = k +2 ( − 1) + (  − 1) =  +  − 2
1
2 2 3 = −4 − 2
∵ + =
  2 = −6
2  + 2 3 ( − 1)(  − 1) =  −  −  + 1
∴ = =  − ( +  ) + 1
 2
2( +  ) 3 = −7 − ( −4) + 1
=
 2 = −2
2( 6 ) 3 ∴ The required quadratic equation is
= x 2 − (−6) x + (−2) = 0
k+2 2
24 = 3k + 6 x 2 + 6x − 2 = 0
3k = 18
10. Answer: A
k =6
2 + i (ki − 3) = 2 + ki2 − 3i
= 2 + k (−1) − 3i
6. Answer: D
= (2 − k ) − 3i

a + 2a − 9 = 0
2
∵  2 ∴ The real part is 2 − k .

b + 2b − 9 = 0
∴ a and b are the roots of x 2 + 2x − 9 = 0 . 11. Answer: D
( x − 4i ) − (3 − i ) = 6 + yi
2
a + b = − = −2 x − 4i − 3 + i = 6 + yi
1
−9 ( x − 3) − 3i = 6 + yi
ab = = −9
1 By comparing the real parts, we have
x −3= 6
a 2 + b 2 = (a 2 + 2ab + b 2 ) − 2ab
x=9
= (a + b) 2 − 2ab
By comparing the imaginary parts, we have
= (−2) 2 − 2(−9)
y = −3
= 22

7. Answer: D
∵  is a root of 2x 2 − 4x − 3 = 0 .
∴ 2 2 − 4 − 3 = 0
2 2 = 4 + 3

66
 2 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (II)

12. Answer: B −1
Let z = a + bi , where a and b are real numbers. Product of roots = = (−2) • 9
p
11 + 2i
= 1 + 2i 1
z p=
18
11 + 2i
= 1 + 2i 7
a + bi ∴ d =−
18
11 + 2i = (1 + 2i )(a + bi )
11 + 2i = a + 2ai + bi + 2bi 2
Exam Focus
11 + 2i = a + 2ai + bi + 2b(−1)
11 + 2i = (a − 2b) + (2a + b)i Exam-type Questions (p. 2.50)
11 = a − 2b......(1) 1. (a) ∵ The graph of y = x 2 + mx + n cuts the y-axis at
∴  C(0, –5).
2 = 2a + b ......(2)
∴ By substituting x = 0 and y = –5 into
(1) + (2)  2 :
y = x 2 + mx + n , we have
5a = 15
a=3 − 5 = 0 2 + m ( 0) + n
By substituting a = 3 into (1), we have n = −5
11 = 3 − 2b
2b = −8 (b) ∵  and  are the x-intercepts of the graph of
b = −4 y = x 2 + mx − 5 .
∴ z = 3 − 4i
∴  and  are the roots of x2 + mx − 5 = 0 .
m
HKMO (p. 2.48)  +  = − = −m
1
1. ∵ 1 is a root of x2 + ax + 2 = 0 .
−5
∴ 12 + a (1) + 2 = 0  = = −5
1
1+ a + 2 = 0
 −  = ( −  ) 2
a = −3
∵ a and b are roots of x 2 + 5x + c = 0 . =  2 − 2 +  2
5 = ( 2 + 2 +  2 ) − 4
∴ Sum of roots = a + b = −
1
− 3 + b = −5 = ( +  ) 2 − 4
b = −2 = ( − m) 2 − 4( −5)
c
Product of roots = ab = = m 2 + 20
1
∵ Area of ABC = 15 sq. units
(−3)(−2) = c
1
c=6 ∴  AB  OC = 15 sq. units
2
∴ a + b + c = −3 + (−2) + 6 = 1
1
 ( −  )  5 = 15
2
2. Consider ( x − 2006)( x − 2007) = 2007 .  − =6
r1 + r2 = 2006 + 2007
m 2 + 20 = 6
r1r2 = 2006  2007 − 2007
m 2 + 20 = 36
= 2007  2005
Consider ( x − r1 )( x − r2 ) = −2007 . m 2 = 16
Sum of roots = r1 + r2 m = − 4 or 4 ( rejected )
= 2006 + 2007
Product of roots = r1r2 + 2007 2. (a) ∵ The graph of y = kx2 + 20 x + (2k + 5) cuts the
= 2007  2005 + 2007 y-axis at C(0, –5).
∴ By substituting x = 0 and y = –5 into
= 2007  2006
∴ The roots of ( x − r1 )( x − r2 ) = −2007 are 2006 and y = kx2 + 20 x + (2k + 5) , we have
2007. − 5 = k (0) 2 + 20(0) + (2k + 5)
− 5 = 2k + 5
3. px 2 + dx = 1 k = −5
px + dx − 1 = 0
2

Sum of roots = −
d
= (−2) + 9 (b) ∵  and  are the x-intercepts of the graph of
p y = −5 x 2 + 20 x − 5 .
d = −7 p
∴  and  are the roots of − 5x2 + 20x − 5 = 0 .

67
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 4A Full Solutions

20 4. Answer: A
 + =−
(−5) kx2 − 10(2 x + 25) = 0
=4 kx2 − 20 x − 250 = 0
∵ The equation kx2 − 20x − 250 = 0 has a repeated root.
 +   ∴ =0
(c) Coordinates of M =  , 0
 2  (−20) 2 − 4(k )(−250) = 0
4  400 + 1000k = 0
=  , 0
2  k =−
2
= (2, 0) 5
Distance between M and C
= (2 − 0) 2 + [0 − (−5)]2 5. Answer: A
k
= 29  +  = − = −k
1
6 1
∴ The distance between M and C is not greater than  = = 1
1
6.
 2 −  +  2 = ( 2 + 2 +  2 ) − 3
2 2 1 + 3i = ( +  ) 2 − 3
3. (a) = •
1 − 3i 1 − 3i 1 + 3i = (−k ) 2 − 3(1)
2 + 6i = k2 − 3
=
1 − 9i 2
2 + 6i
= 6. Answer: A
1 − 9(−1) I. u + v = (5 + 6i ) + (5 − 6i )
1 3 = 10
= + i
5 5 II. uv = (5 + 6i)(5 − 6i)
= 25 − 36i 2
2 = 25 − 36(−1)
(b) (i) ∵ is a root of the equation
1 − 3i
= 61
px 2 − 4 x + 4 = 0 . u 5 + 6i
III. =
1 3  1 3 
2
v 5 − 6i
∴ p + i  − 4 + i  + 4 = 0 5 + 6i 5 + 6i
5 5  5 5  = •
5 − 6i 5 + 6i
 1 6 9 2  4 12
p + i+ i − − i+4=0 25 + 60i + 36i 2
 25 25 25  5 5 =
25 − 36i 2
 8 6  16 12
p − + i + − i=0 25 + 60i + 36( −1)
 25 25  5 5 =
25 − 36( −1)
 16 8   6 12 
 − p +  p − i = 0 11 60
=− + i
 5 25   25 5
61 61
By comparing the real parts, we have ∴ Only I and II are real.
16 8 ∴ The answer is A.
− p=0
5 25
16 8
= p Investigation Corner (p. 2.53)
5 25
p = 10 1 
2

1. L.H.S. =  ( +  ) − 
(ii) When p = 10 , the quadratic equation becomes 2 
10 x 2 − 4 x + 4 = rx2 1 2
= ( + 2 +  2 ) − 
(10 − r ) x 2 − 4 x + 4 = 0 4
1 2
∵ The equation (10 − r ) x 2 − 4 x + 4 = 0 has two = ( − 2 +  2 ) +  − 
4
distinct real roots.
1
∴ 0 = ( −  ) 2
4
(−4) 2 − 4(10 − r )(4)  0 2
1 
16 − 160 + 16r  0 =  ( −  )
 2 
16r  144
= R.H.S.
r 9
∴ The range of values of r is r  9 .

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 2 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (II)

2. Let x and y be the length and the width of the rectangle

respectively.
From the question, we have x + y = 17 and xy = 60 .
Solution Steps done by Algebraic Notations added
Babylonians to facilitate understanding
1 17 1
(17) = ( x + y ) , denoted as P
2 2 2
2
 17  289
  = P2
 2 4
289 49
− 60 =
4 4
2 P 2 − xy , denoted as Q2
7
= 
2
17 7
+ = 12 P + Q , which equals x
2 2
17 7
− =5 P − Q , which equals y
2 2
∴ The dimensions of the rectangle are 12  5 (or 5 12 ).

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