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Non-Metallic Inclusions

The document discusses the role of slag in the continuous casting process. The slag forms a thin liquid film on the steel shell that provides lubrication. Over time, the slag may partially crystallize, with the liquid layer controlling lubrication and the solid layer controlling heat transfer. The key roles of the slag are to protect the meniscus from oxidation, provide thermal insulation and horizontal heat transfer, lubricate the strand, and absorb inclusions from the steel. Low liquid steel levels in the tundish can cause turbulent flow and defects in the cast product surface. The most critical point is when changing heats, and the first and last slabs cast are more likely to have defects and are not used for products requiring high quality.

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94 views

Non-Metallic Inclusions

The document discusses the role of slag in the continuous casting process. The slag forms a thin liquid film on the steel shell that provides lubrication. Over time, the slag may partially crystallize, with the liquid layer controlling lubrication and the solid layer controlling heat transfer. The key roles of the slag are to protect the meniscus from oxidation, provide thermal insulation and horizontal heat transfer, lubricate the strand, and absorb inclusions from the steel. Low liquid steel levels in the tundish can cause turbulent flow and defects in the cast product surface. The most critical point is when changing heats, and the first and last slabs cast are more likely to have defects and are not used for products requiring high quality.

Uploaded by

mirosek
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Non-metallic inclusions

IATF 16949 IS0 9001 ISO 14001 OHSAS 18801

Mirosław Osetek

www.klfs.pl
Continuous casting
Defects in continuous casting originate from several factors like mould oscillation, mould flux,
segregation coefficient of solute elements; phase transformation etc.
Flux inclusions
A thin liquid slag film (ca. 0.1 mm thick) moves with the steel
shell and provides liquid lubrication to the shell. In time, the
glassy slag may partially crystallize.
Thus, in summary, the liquid slag layer controls the
lubrication and the solid slag layer controls the horizontal
heat transfer.

The role of the slag in continuous casting is to:


• Protect the meniscus of the steel from oxidation
• Provide thermal insulation to prevent the steel surface
from freezing
• Provide liquid slag to lubricate the strand
• Provide the optimum level of horizontal heat transfer for
the steel grade being cast
• Absorb inclusions from the steel.
Normal continuous casting

Amount of liquid steel in the tundish is on the


correct level close to the top.
Amount of steel liquid influence to the metal
flow in the mould and has a significant effect
on the process. Turbulent metal flow can
cause the formation of a standing wave.
Low Steel liquid level in the tundish

The turbulent flow in the metal causes an associated


drag flow in the slag pool and these effects can
cause problems with slag and gas entrapment
causing surface defects in the rolled product
How to prevent
The most critical point of the process
is changing the heat(ladle), where the
steel liquid level is minimalize.
First and last billet(slab) are with
higher possibility od such defect.

Corrective Action:

Koelner agreed with steel mill, that first and


last two slabs will be not used for wire rod
dedicated to the bolts production at Koelner.
Process is fully monitored and each billet is
identified in the process.
Thank you for your trust
Rawlplug Annual Summit 2018

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