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Functions and Graphs: Pre Calculus Algebra and Trigonometry (Math 1150)

1. The document is about functions and graphs from a Pre-Calculus Algebra and Trigonometry course. It discusses key concepts like the Cartesian coordinate system, graphing points and equations, finding intercepts of graphs, relations vs. functions, and representing functions with equations. Examples are provided to illustrate these concepts.

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90 views

Functions and Graphs: Pre Calculus Algebra and Trigonometry (Math 1150)

1. The document is about functions and graphs from a Pre-Calculus Algebra and Trigonometry course. It discusses key concepts like the Cartesian coordinate system, graphing points and equations, finding intercepts of graphs, relations vs. functions, and representing functions with equations. Examples are provided to illustrate these concepts.

Uploaded by

davogezu
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

Functions and Graphs

Pre Calculus Algebra and Trigonometry (Math 1150)

Summer 2011

Pre Calculus Algebra and Trigonometry (Math 1150) 1. Functions and Graphs
1.1 Graphs and Graphing utilities

Points and Ordered Pairs


The rectangular coordinate system or Cartesian coordinate
system uses two number lines. The horizontal number line is the
x-axis. The vertical number line is the y-axis. The point of
intersection of these axes is their zero points, called the origin.
Positive numbers are shown to the right and above the origin.
Negative numbers are shown to the left and below the origin. The
axes divide the plane into four quarters, called quadrants. The
points located on the axes are not in any quadrant.
Each point in the rectangular coordinate system corresponds to an
ordered pair of real numbers, (x, y ). The first number in each
pair, called the x-coordinate, denotes the distance and direction
from the origin along the x-axis. The second number in each pair,
called the y-coordinate, denotes vertical distance and direction
along a line parallel to the y-axis or along the y-axis itself.

Pre Calculus Algebra and Trigonometry (Math 1150) 1. Functions and Graphs
1.1 Graphs and Graphing utilities(Contd.)

Figure: The rectangular coordinate system

Pre Calculus Algebra and Trigonometry (Math 1150) 1. Functions and Graphs
1.1 Graphs and Graphing utilities(Contd.)

Example 1: Plot the points A(2, 5), B(-1, 4), C(-4, -2), D(3, -2)
in the rectangular coordinate system.

Graphs of Equations
A relationship between two quantities can be expressed as an
equation in two variables. A solution of an equation in two
variables, x and y, is an ordered pair of real numbers. The graph
of an equation in two variables is the set of all points whose
coordinates satisfy the equation. One method for graphing such
equations is the point-plotting method.
Example 2: Graph the following equations setting x= -3, -2, -1, 0,
1, 2, and 3.
a. y = x 2 + 2
b. y = x + 2
c. y = −2|x|

Pre Calculus Algebra and Trigonometry (Math 1150) 1. Functions and Graphs
1.1 Graphs and Graphing utilities(Contd.)

Intercepts
An x-intercept of a graph is the x-coordinate of a point where the
graph intersects the x-axis. It is calculated by setting y=0. A
y-intercept of a graph is the y-coordinate of a point where the
graph intersects the y-axis. It is calculated by setting x=0.
Example 3: Find the x and y-intercepts for the graphs in Example
2.

Home Work: Section 1.1 on page 143 problems 1, 5, 11, 13, 15,
21, 41, 43.

Pre Calculus Algebra and Trigonometry (Math 1150) 1. Functions and Graphs
1.2 Basics of Functions and Their Graphs

Relations
A relation is any set of ordered pairs. The set of all first
components of the ordered pairs is called the domain of the
relation and the set of all second components is called the range
of the relation.
Example 1: Find the domain and range of the following relations:
a. {(1, 2), (−1, 3), (0, −2)}
b. {(−7, −7), (−5, −5), (0, −3), (2, 3)}

Functions
A relation in which each member of the domain corresponds to
exactly one member of the range is a function.
A function is a correspondence from a first set, called the domain,
to a second set, called the range, such that each element in the
domain corresponds to exactly one element in the range.

Pre Calculus Algebra and Trigonometry (Math 1150) 1. Functions and Graphs
1.2 Basics of Functions and Their Graphs

Example 2: Determine whether each relation is a function.


a. {(10, 4), (−2, 4), (−1, 1), (5, 6)}
b. {(5, 6), (5, 7), (6, 6), (6, 7)}

Functions as Equations
Functions are usually given in terms of equations rather than as
sets of ordered pairs. For example, y = 3x + 1 represents a
function. For each value of x, there is one and only one value of y.
The variable x is called the independent variable and the variable
y is called the dependent variable.
Example 3: Determine whether an equation represents a function:
a. x 2 + y = 25
b. 4x = y√2
c. y = − x + 4

Pre Calculus Algebra and Trigonometry (Math 1150) 1. Functions and Graphs

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