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Experiment 1 (Wind tunnel) : L=L (ρ ,V, S,α, μ ,a

The document describes a series of 5 wind tunnel experiments: 1) Varying velocity to determine how lift varies with velocity 2) Varying density to determine how lift varies with density 3) Varying angle of attack, Reynolds number, and Mach number to determine how lift coefficient varies 4) Demonstrating that for dynamically similar flows, lift coefficient will be the same for geometrically similar bodies at the same angle of attack 5) Using a wind tunnel model of a Boeing 747 to obtain lift, drag, and moment coefficients by matching Reynolds number and Mach number to the actual aircraft

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Calvin Labial
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35 views

Experiment 1 (Wind tunnel) : L=L (ρ ,V, S,α, μ ,a

The document describes a series of 5 wind tunnel experiments: 1) Varying velocity to determine how lift varies with velocity 2) Varying density to determine how lift varies with density 3) Varying angle of attack, Reynolds number, and Mach number to determine how lift coefficient varies 4) Demonstrating that for dynamically similar flows, lift coefficient will be the same for geometrically similar bodies at the same angle of attack 5) Using a wind tunnel model of a Boeing 747 to obtain lift, drag, and moment coefficients by matching Reynolds number and Mach number to the actual aircraft

Uploaded by

Calvin Labial
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Overall Planform

– Max TOGW = 1,235,000 lbs – Wing Area = 9,100 ft2


– Wingspan = 261.8 ft – AR = 7.53
– Length = 239.5 ft – Wing Sweep = 33.5°
– Height = 79.1 ft – Taper Ratio = 0.17
– Take-off speed = 170 mph – Chord = 34.83 ft

Experiment 1 (Wind tunnel)

 To find out how the lift on a given body varies with the parameters given in Eq.
(2.2a):
L=L( ρ∞ ,V ∞ , S , α , μ∞ , a∞ )

 We could first run a series of wind tunnel tests in which the velocity is varied and
everything else is kept the same.
 From this, we would obtain a stack of wind tunnel data from which we could
extract how L varies with V∞.
Experiment 2 (Wind tunnel)

 Then we could run a second series of wind tunnel tests in which the density is
changed and everything else is kept the same.
 From this we would obtain a second stack of wind tunnel data from which we
could correlate L with ρ∞
 We could continue to run wind tunnel tests, varying in turn each one of the other
parameters on the right-hand side of Eq. (2.2a), and obtain more stacks of wind
tunnel data.
Experiment 3 (Wind tunnel)

 to find out how lift on a given body varies.


 However, this time, in light of the results from Eq. (2.9a), we use the lift
coefficient, not the lift itself, as the primary item. We could run a series of wind
tunnel tests in which we obtain the lift coefficient as a function of a, keeping Re
and M∞ constant.
 Then we could run a second series of tests where Re is varied, keeping a and
M∞ constant. This would give us a second stack of wind tunnel data.
 Finally, we could run a third series of wind tunnel tests in which M∞ is varied,
keeping a and Re constant. This would give us a third stack of data. With only
these three stacks of data, We could find out how CL varies.
Experiment 4 (Wind tunnel)

 Imagine that we have a given body at a given angle of attack in a given flow,
where ρ∞ , V∞ , μ ∞ , and a∞ are certain values. Let us call this the "green" flow.
Now, consider another body of the same geometric shape (but not the same
size) in another flow where ρ∞ , V∞ , μ ∞, and a∞ are all different; let us call this
flow the "red" flow.
 Dimensional analysis, from Eq. (2.9a), tells us that even though the green flow
and the red flow are two different flows, if the Reynolds number and the Mach
number are the same for these two different flows, then the lift coefficient will be
the same for the two geometrically similar bodies at the same angle of attack. If
this is the case, then the two flows, the green flow and the red flow, are called
dynamically similar flows.
 The essence of practical wind tunnel testing is built on the concept of dynamically
similar flows.
Experiment 5 (Wind tunnel)

 Say we want to obtain the lift, drag, and moment coefficients for the Boeing 747
flying at an altitude of 30,000 ft with a Mach number of 0.8.
 If we place a small-scale model of the Boeing 747 in a wind tunnel at the same
angle of attack as the real airplane in flight, and if the flow conditions in the test
section of the wind tunnel are such that the Reynolds number and Mach number
are the same as for the real airplane in actual flight, then the lift, drag, and
moment coefficients measured in the wind tunnel will be exactly the same values
as those for the full-scale airplane in free flight.

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