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Lecture 04 - Distributions, Compiling, and Packaging

The document discusses Linux distributions, compilation, and packaging. It explains what distributions are, provides examples like Debian and RHEL, and describes how package managers like apt and dpkg work. It then covers compiling software from source and how to create packages using tools like FPM.

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Sam Simo
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17 views18 pages

Lecture 04 - Distributions, Compiling, and Packaging

The document discusses Linux distributions, compilation, and packaging. It explains what distributions are, provides examples like Debian and RHEL, and describes how package managers like apt and dpkg work. It then covers compiling software from source and how to create packages using tools like FPM.

Uploaded by

Sam Simo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Distributions, Compiling, and

Packaging
Harrison Kuo
ocf.io/decal/slides/4

Sign-In
https://tinyurl.com/ocf95

Slido
https://slido.com with event code L399
Topics
● Distributions
● Compilation
● Packaging
Distributions?
● Basically the Linux kernel + other software = operating system
● Because there are many different configurations of the kernel and other software,
Linux OS have a term called “distributions”
● Basically a car.
○ Kernel -> Engine
○ Drivers -> Wires
○ Applications -> Radio, Car seat
● Comes in three distinct flavors like ice cream.
○ Debian, Red Hat Enterprise Linux, Arch
● Are spun off a lot.
○ Debian -> Ubuntu, RHEL -> Scientific Linux, Arch -> Manjaro
Debian
● Debuted in late 1993
● Why?
○ Stable
○ User-friendly
○ Respects your privacy (cough cough pre-16.04 vanilla Ubuntu cough)
● Uses apt/dpkg as the package manager
Wait what’s a package manager?

https://courses.edx.org/c4x/LinuxFoundationX/LFS101x/asset/LFS01_ch06_screen60.jpg
But really, what is it?

https://en.opensuse.org/images/c/c3/Packagemanagement.png
What?
● Repository -> Costco
● Package list -> Catalogue
● Package -> Treadmill
Wait how do I use one then?
apt update

Grabs a new list (catalogue) of what packages are available.

apt install packagenamehere

Installs the package.

apt remove

Uninstalls the package.


Wait how do I use one then?
apt dist-upgrade

Updates the packages and resolves package conflicts/removals.

apt-cache search packagesearchterm

Searches for the package in the catalogue


A Demonstration of Superior Judgement
● Install random package (cowsay).
Ok now, how do I make a package?
● You have to make something useful to package.
○ You first make the cake then you put it in a box, not the other way around.
● Usually involves compiling something.
● Usually involves downloading something from the internet then compiling
something.
● Usually involves writing a program then compiling it.
● Then you create a package.
● Pain in the ass historically.
Compilation
● Usually packages downloaded from the web have a Makefile.
● Basically they make the application for you as long you have the right things
installed (like compilers like GCC).
● First ./configure --prefix=”some absolute path here”
● Just run make and then make install.
Compi-what?
● Turns source code into a real executable.
● Turns ingredients/recipe into a real cake.
● gcc hellopenguin.c -o hellopenguin
Packaging Basics

/usr

/usr/bin /usr/lib /usr/include /usr/share


Executables/Binaries Libraries Header Files Documentation/Etc
Packaging Basics

.deb Metadata
version#, name, etc
/usr

/usr/bin /usr/lib /usr/include /usr/share


Executables/Binaries Libraries Header Files Documentation/Etc
Packaging
● Pain in the ass
● We’re going to use FPM, which is a Ruby Gem.
● sudo apt install ruby-dev
● sudo gem install fpm
● fpm -s dir -t deb -n [name here] -v [version #] -C [the
directory with the /usr folder]
More Resources?
Google

FPM documentation

Debian documentation
Assignment
● ocf.io/decal/labs/4
○ Install gcc, ruby-dev
○ Get FFTW then compile it
○ Write your own “hellopenguin” program, compile it, then package
it, then install it.

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