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Reference Calculation Output

BEAM DESIGN (EN 1992-1-1:2004)

Beam size ( 350 x 650 )

Design Details:

Concrete Density = 25 kN/m3

Grade Concrete, fck = 30 N/mm²

Characteristic yield strength of reinf., fyk/yv = 500 N/mm²

High Yield Steel Type II

Nominal Cover, c = 50 mm

Beam saiz , b mm x h mm = 350 x 650

Diameter of Reinforcement, fbar = 25 mm

Diameter of Link, f link = 12 mm

From computer analysis,

Design Moment (Top), Med = 237.0 kNm

Design Shear Force, VEd = 680.0 kN
Design Torsion Force, TEd = 24.0 kN

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Reference Calculation Output

Reinforcement Design

Effective depth
d = h - c - flink - fbar/2 = 575.5 mm
Ultimate moment, MMax = 237.0 kNm
M
k = = 0.068 < 0.167
fckbd²
Compression Reinforcement is not required
d' = c + flink + fbar/2 = 74.5 mm
x = 0.5d = 287.75 mm
d'/x = 0.26 < 0.38
The stress in compression steel is 0.87fy.
k
z = d { 0.5+ ( 0.25 - )1/2} = 538.4 < 0.95d 0.95d = 547
1.13
say z = 539 mm
M
As = = 1010.8 mm²
0.87fykz

If compression steel is required;

(k - 0.167) fck bd²
As' = = 0 mm²
0.87fyk (d - d')

For d'/x more than 0.38 where fsc = 700(1-d'/x) fsc =

700(1-d'/x)
(k - 0.167) fck bd² = 0
As' = = 0 mm²
fsc(d - d')

Thus,
As + As' = 1010.8 mm²
Provided Min.Compression Reinforcement
4 H 16
As' provided = 805 mm²

Provided Tension Reinforcement

4 H 25 1 layer
0 H 0
As provided = 1964 mm²
EN1992-1-1:2004
Clause 9.2.1.1 Minimum areas of compression reinforcement.
As,min = 0.26 fctmbd/fyk > 0.0013bt d
303.749 mm² > 261.85 mm²
EN1992-1-1:2004

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Reference Calculation Output

Clause 9.2.1.1 Maximum areas of reinforcement
As,max = 0.04 Ac = 0.04 bh
= 9100 mm²

Shear check;
EN1992-1-1:2004 Maximum design shear resistance;
Clause 6.2.3 VRd, max αcw bw z v1 fcd (Eqn 6.9)
=
cot ϴ + tan ϴ
Where;
EN1992-1-1:2004 αcw = 1.0
Clause 3.1.6 fcd = αcc fck / γc = 20 N/mm²
αcc = 1.0
γc = 1.5
EN1992-1-1:2004 z = 0.9d = 517.95 mm
Clause 6.2.3 v1 = v = 0.6(1-fck/250) = 0.528 (Eqn 6.6)
bw = 350 mm
Use ϴ = 22º
cot ϴ = 2.5
tan ϴ = 0.4
Hence,
VRd, max = 660.118 kN < 680.00 kN NOT OK

If VRd, max < VEd, Hence,use;

ϴ = 0.5 sin-1[(VEd /(0.18 bw d fck (1-fck / 250))]
Applicable

ϴ shall be in the range of 22º < ϴ < 45º

ϴ = 0.5 sin-1 0.710 = 22.63 º < 45 º
tan ϴ = 0.42
cot ϴ = 2.40
*** Note : If ϴ > 45º, beam should be re-sized.

Check for shear link;

EN1992-1-1:2004 Minimum area of shear reinforcement;
Clause 9.2.2 pw = Asw / (s.bw.sin α) (Eqn 9.4) α = 90º
pw = 0.08 fck### / fyk (Eqn 9.5)
Combine Eqn 9.4 & Eqn 9.5
Asw,min = 0.08 fck ### bw / fyk = 306.72 mm²/m

Try H 12 mm links @ 150 mm 2 legs

Area of shear reinforcement provided; = 1508 mm²/m > Asw,min OK

Asw 2 x 113
= = 1.508
s 150

EN1992-1-1:2004 Shear resistance of link;

Clause 6.2.3 Asw x =
VRd,s = 0.78 d fyk cot ϴ 812 kN > 680 kN OK
s
(derived from Eqn 6.8)
*The provided shear link is sufficient

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Reference Calculation Output

s = 150 mm < 0.75d = 431.63 mm OK

Torsion check
Check for concrete section;
Staad output, TEd = 24.0 kNm
EN1992-1-1:2004 (derived from Eqn 6.3)
Clause 6.3.2 ΤRd,max       1.33ν1fckAkt
= = 104.69 kNm > Ted OK
cotϴ + tanϴ
where
Ak = (h-tef)(bw-tef) = 126689.06 mm2
tef = A / u = 350 x 650
= 113.75
2 350 + 650 mm
uk = 2(b+h-2t) = 1545 mm

TEd VEd (Eqn 6.29)

+ < 1
TRd,max VRd,max

24.0 680.0 concrete section is NOT adequate

+ = 1.26 > 1
104.69 660

Additional longitudinal reinforcement IS REQUIRED.

If additional longitudinal reinforcement for torsion required, then use;

(derived from Eqn 6.28)
Asl,reqd    ΤEd ukcotθ (The additional reinforcement distributed in
= = 841.05 mm²
2 Ak 0.87fyk each of the four faces of the beam)
= 210.26 mm 2
each face

Total tension reinforcement,req = 1221.1 mm2 < 1964 mm2 OK

Total compression reinforcement,req = 210.26 mm 2
< 805 mm 2
OK
Total side reinforcement (2 sides),req = 105.13 mm 2
Applicable

Additional link to resist reinforcement to resist torsion;

Aswt      Ted per leg

= = 0.087
s 2 Ak 0.87fyk cotϴ

Asw,s      Asw,t     
+ = 1.508 + 2 x 0.087 = 1.6822
s s
Use H 12 mm links @ 125 mm 2 legs

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Reference Calculation Output

Asw,p    
= 1.810 > 1.682 OK
s

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Reference Calculation Output

BEAM DESIGN

Beam size ( 300 x 700 )

Design Details:

Concrete Density = 25 kN/m3

Grade Concrete, fck = 30 N/mm²

Grade Reinforcement, fy = 500 N/mm²

High Yield Steel Type II

Grade Reinforcement, fyv = 500 N/mm²

High Yield Steel Type II

Nominal Cover, c = 50 mm

Beam saiz , b mm x h mm = 300 x 700

Diameter of Reinforcement, fbar = 20 mm

Diameter of Link, f link = 10 mm

Maximum Length of span L = 3.1 m

Support Conditions = Continuous

From computer analysis,

Design Moment (Top), MEd = 88.0 kNm

Design Moment (Bottom), MEd = 27.0 kNm

Design Shear Force, VEd = 81.0 kN

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Reference Calculation Output

Reinforcement Design

a.) Reinforcement Design (Top Moment)

Effective depth
d = h - c - flink - fbar/2 = 630 mm

Ultimate moment, M = 88.0 kNm

M k > 0.156
k = = 0.025 < 0.167
fckbd² (BS Code)

Compression Reinforcement is not required

d' = c + flink + fbar/2 = 70 mm

x = 0.5d = 315 mm

d'/x = 0.22 < 0.38

The stress in compression steel is 0.87fy.

k
z = d { 0.5+ ( 0.25 - )1/2} = 615.952 > 0.95d 0.95d = 598.5
1.13
(BS CODE)
say z = 599 mm k
0.9
M
As = = 337.7 mm²
0.87fykz

If compression steel is required;

(k - 0.167) fck bd²
As' = = 0 mm²
0.87fyv (d - d')

For d'/x more than 0.38 where fsc = 700(1-d'/x) fsc =

700(1-d'/x)
(k - 0.167) fck bd² = 0
As' = = 0 mm²
fsc(d - d')

Thus,
As + As' = 337.7 mm²

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Reference Calculation Output

Provided Compression Reinforcement

0 H 0
As' provided = 0 mm²

Provided Tension Reinforcement

3 H 16
0 H 0
As provided = 604 mm²

9.2.1.1 Minimum areas of compression reinforcement.

As,min = 0.26 fctmbd/fyk > 0.0013bt d

285.012 mm² > 245.7 mm²

9.2.1.1 Maximum areas of reinforcement

As,max = 0.04 Ac = 0.04 bh

= 8400 mm²

Cl. 3.4.4.4 b.) Reinforcement Design (Bottom Moment)

Effective depth
d = h - c - flink - fbar/2 = 630 mm

Ultimate moment, M = 27.00 kNm

M
k = = 0.008 < 0.167
fcubd²

Compression Reinforcement is not required

d' = c + flink + fbar/2 = 70 mm

x = 0.5d = 315 mm

d'/x = 0.22 < 0.38

The stress in compression steel is 0.87fy.

k
z = d { 0.5+ ( 0.25 - )1/2} = 625.757 > 0.95d 0.95d = 598.5
1.13

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Reference Calculation Output

say z = 599 mm

M
As = = 103.6 mm²
0.87fykz

If compression steel is required;

(k - 0.167) fck bd²
As' = = 0 mm²
0.87fyk (d - d')

For d'/x more than 0.38 where fsc = 700(1-d'/x) fsc =

700(1-d'/x)
(k - 0.167) fck bd² = 0
As' = = 0 mm²
fsc(d - d')

Thus,
As + As' = 103.6 mm²

Provided Compression Reinforcement

0 H 0
As' provided = 0 mm²

Provided Tension Reinforcement

3 H 12
0 H 0
As provided = 340 mm²

9.2.1.1 Minimum areas of compression reinforcement.

Part 1;Table
3.1 for fctm As,min = 0.26 fctmbd/fyk > 0.0013bt d
285.012 mm² > 245.7 mm² OK

9.2.1.1 Maximum areas of reinforcement

As,max = 0.04 Ac = 0.04 bh

= 8400 mm²

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Reference Calculation Output

Shear Check
Check shear for without shear reinforcement;
Applied shear force, VEd = 81.0 kN

Part 1992:1-1 Shear resistance, VRd,c ;

Clause 6.2.2
= 52.31 kN
pg 85
with a minimum of

= 71.73 kN

CRd,c = 0.18 / γc = 0.12

k1 = 0.15

k = 1 + 200 = 1.56
0.5 < 2
d

vmin = 0.37

ρI Asl
= < 0.2 = 0.001
bwd
where;
Asl = 192 mm2

= 0.0319 N/mm² < 4 N/mm²

where;
Staad Output Ned = 6700 N (Axial force)
Part 1992:1-1 fcd = αcc fck / γc = 20 N/mm²
Clause 3.1.6 αcc = 1.0
pg 34 γc = 1.5
0.2 fcd = 4
Ac = bh = 210000 mm2

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Reference Calculation Output

The maximum shear stress at the support;

VEd = z = 0.9d
ved = 0.476 N/mm²
bwz = 567

Concrete strut capacity, vRd cotϴ = 2.5

vRdcot ϴ = 2.5 = 0.138fck (1 - fck/250) = 3.643 N/mm2 > ved OK

If vRdcot ϴ=2.5 < ved, use vRd,cot ϴ=1.0 > ved

ϴ = 0.5 sin-1[ (vEd /(0.20 fck (1-fck / 250))] = 0

Check for shear link;

Asw vEd bw
= = 0.131
s fywd cot ϴ

Try H 8 mm links @ 250 mm

Asw =
0.201 > 0.131
s
The provided link shear link is sufficient

s = 250 mm < 0.75d = 472.5 OK

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Reference Calculation Output

file:///conversion/tmp/activity_task_scratch/577343859.xls Eurocode
 Consulting Engineers
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Project : Jimah East Power (MJEP) Date : 19/Apr/2016

ESP FOUNDATION - GROUND BEAM Designed by : NRR
Job No. : 1815002 Checked by : TD

Reference Calculation Output

GROUND BEAM DESIGN

Beam B4 ( 300 x 700 )

Design Details:

Concrete Density = 25 kN/m3

Grade Concrete, fcu = 30 N/mm²

Grade Reinforcement, fy = 500 N/mm²

High Yield Steel Type II

Grade Reinforcement, fyv = 500 N/mm²

High Yield Steel Type II

Nominal Cover, c = 50 mm

Beam saiz , b mm x h mm = 300 x 700

Diameter of Reinforcement, fbar = 20 mm

Diameter of Link, f link = 10 mm

Maximum Length of span L = 3.1 m

Support Conditions = Continuous

From computer analysis,

Design Moment (Top) = 88.0 kNm

Design Moment (Bottom) = 27.0 kNm

Design Shear Force = 81.0 kN

file:///conversion/tmp/activity_task_scratch/577343859.xls B4
 Consulting Engineers
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Project : Jimah East Power (MJEP) Date : 19/Apr/2016

ESP FOUNDATION - GROUND BEAM Designed by : NRR
Job No. : 1815002 Checked by : TD

Reference Calculation Output

Reinforcement Design

Cl. 3.4.4.4 a.) Reinforcement Design (Top Moment)

Effective depth
d = h - c - flink - fbar/2 = 630 mm

Ultimate moment, M = 88.0 kNm

M
k = = 0.025 < 0.156
fcubd²

Compression Reinforcement is not required

d' = c + flink + fbar/2 = 70 mm

x = 0.5d = 315 mm

d'/x = 0.22 < 0.43

The stress in compression steel is 0.95fy.

k
z = d { 0.5+ ( 0.25 - )1/2} = 612.255 > 0.95d 0.95d = 598.5
0.9

say z = 599 mm

(k - k') fcu bd²

As' = = 0 mm²
0.87fy (d - d')

k fcu bd² M
As = + As' or As = = 337.728 mm²
0.87fyz 0.87fyz

3.12.5 Minimum areas of tension reinforcement = 0.13%bh

Table 3.25 = 273 mm²

Table 3.25 Minimum areas of compression reinforcement = 0.2%bh

= 420 mm²

3.12.6 Maximum areas of reinforcement = 4%bh

3.12.6.1 = 8400 mm²

file:///conversion/tmp/activity_task_scratch/577343859.xls B4
 Consulting Engineers
MINCONSULT Transport & Town Planners Sheet ____ of ____

Project : Jimah East Power (MJEP) Date : 19/Apr/2016

ESP FOUNDATION - GROUND BEAM Designed by : NRR
Job No. : 1815002 Checked by : TD

Reference Calculation Output

Cl. 3.4.4.4 b.) Reinforcement Design (Bottom Moment)

Effective depth
d = h - c - flink - fbar/2 = 630 mm

Ultimate moment, M = 27.00 kNm

M
k = = 0.008 < 0.156
fcubd²

Compression Reinforcement is not required

d' = c + flink + fbar/2 = 70 mm

x = 0.5d = 315 mm

d'/x = 0.22 < 0.43

The stress in compression steel is 0.87fy.

k
z = d { 0.5+ ( 0.25 - )1/2} = 624.664 > 0.95d 0.95d = 598.5
0.9

say z = 599 mm

(k - k') fcu bd²

As' = = 0 mm²
0.87fy (d - d')

k fcu bd² M
As = + As' or As = = 103.621 mm²
0.87fyz 0.87fyz

3.12.5 Minimum areas of tension reinforcement = 0.13%bh

Table 3.25 = 273 mm²

Table 3.25 Minimum areas of compression reinforcement = 0.2%bh

= 420 mm²

3.12.6 Maximum areas of reinforcement = 4%bh

3.12.6.1 = 8400 mm²

file:///conversion/tmp/activity_task_scratch/577343859.xls B4
 Consulting Engineers
MINCONSULT Transport & Town Planners Sheet ____ of ____

Project : Jimah East Power (MJEP) Date : 19/Apr/2016

ESP FOUNDATION - GROUND BEAM Designed by : NRR
Job No. : 1815002 Checked by : TD

Reference Calculation Output

Shear Check

3.4.5.10 The maximum shear stress at the support

3.5.5 V
v = = 0.429 N/mm²
3.5.5.2 b Vd
Equation 3
Area of steel at the section, As = 338 mm²

100 As
= 0.179 < 3.0
bd

400
= 0.63 < 1.0
d

Table 3.8 vc = 0.79 (100As/bd)1/3 (400/d)1/4 (fcu / 25)1/3/1.25

= 0.378 N/mm²

vc < v Not Ok

0.5 vc = 0.189 vc + 0.4 = 0.78

0.8 f cu
1/2
= 4.382

Provide 10 mm diameter 2 leg vertical links;

Asv = 157 mm²

Table 3.7 Asv x 0.87 x fyv

sv = = 0 mm 0.75d = 472.5
bv x (v - vc)

For minimum links the spacing is;

Asv x 0.87 x fyv
sv = = 569.4 mm 0.75d = 472.5
0.4 x bv

Asv
= 0.276 mm
sv

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 Consulting Engineers
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Project : Jimah East Power (MJEP) Date : 19/Apr/2016

ESP FOUNDATION - GROUND BEAM Designed by : NRR
Job No. : 1815002 Checked by : TD

Reference Calculation Output

BS 8110 : Check For Torsion

Part 2 : 1985
hmin
150

hmax

Torsional Moment From Computer Analysis, T = 15.0 kNm

2.4.4 Torsional Shear Stress;

2.4.4.1 2T
Vt = = 0.556 N/mm² > 0.37 N/mm²
Equation 2 h 2
min (hmax - hmin/3)
Table 2.3
Torsional Reinforcement is required

x1 = 190

y1 = 590

2.4.7 Area of Torsional Reinforcement;

Asv T
= = 0.352 N/mm²
Sv 0.8 x1y1 ( 0.95 fyv)

Asv fyv (x1 + y1)

As = x = 274.661 mm²
Sv fy

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 Consulting Engineers
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Project : Jimah East Power (MJEP) Date : 19/Apr/2016

ESP FOUNDATION - GROUND BEAM Designed by : NRR
Job No. : 1815002 Checked by : TD

Reference Calculation Output

1) Total As top = 612 mm²

Provided Tension + Torsional Reinforcement (if any)

How many layer of tension reinforcement = 1 layer

No. of layer No of bar Grade Dia Clear spacing

1 3 T 20 60.0
- 0 T 16 -
- 0 T 16 -
- 0 T 16 -
Total 943

As prov = 943 mm2 Ok

2) Total As bottom = 378 mm²

Provided Tension + Torsional Reinforcement (if any)

How many layer of tension reinforcement = 1 layer

No. of layer No of bar Grade Dia Clear spacing

1 3 T 20 60.0
- 0 T 16 -
- 0 T 16 -
- 0 T 16 -
Total 943

As prov = 943 mm2 Ok

Asv
3) Total = 0.628 mm
Sv

Provide 10 mm diameter 2 leg vertical links

Asv = 157 mm²

Therefore, Sv = 250.13 mm

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 Consulting Engineers
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Project : Jimah East Power (MJEP) Date : 19/Apr/2016

ESP FOUNDATION - GROUND BEAM Designed by : NRR
Job No. : 1815002 Checked by : TD

Reference Calculation Output

Provided Minimum Links spacing = 200 mm

Therefore, provide minimum link of T 10 - 200

Cl. 3.4.6 Deflection Check

Table 3.10 Modification Factor for Tension Reinforcement

M
= 0.74 N/mm²
bd²

Equation 8 2fyAs, req 1

fs = x = 216.468 N/mm²
3As, prov bb

Equation 7 (477 - fs)

Modification factor = 0.55 + = 1.87 < 2.0
120(0.9+M/bd²)

Allowable span / d = 1.87 x 26 = 48.8

Actual span / d = 3100 / 630 = 4.92

Allowable span / d > Actual span / d Pass!

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ESP FOUNDATION - GROUND BEAM Designed by : NRR
Job No. : 1815002 Checked by : TD

Reference Calculation Output

Crack Width Check (To BS 8007)

Modulus of steel elasticity, Es = 200 kN/mm2

Modulus of concrete elasticity, Ec = 13.5 kN/mm2

Nominal Concrete Cover, Cc = 50 mm

Diameter of Reinforcement, fbar = 20 mm

Depth of section, h = 700 mm

Width of section, b 300 mm

Moment At SLS MSLS = 55 kNm

Area of steel As = 943 mm2

Bar spacing s = 60.0 mm

Effective depth d = h - c - flink - fbar/2 = 630 mm

Modular ratio ae = Es/Ec = 14.8

Neutral Axis x = 200.1 mm

Lever arm z = 563.3 mm

fs = MSLS/As.z = 103.541 N/mm2

e1 = es.(h - x)/(d - x) = 0.0006

em = e1 - b (h-x) (a'-x) = 0.00029

3 EsAs (d-x)

acr = ((Cc+(fbar/2))2 + (s/2)2 - fbar/2 = 57.08 mm

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 Consulting Engineers
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Project : Jimah East Power (MJEP) Date : 19/Apr/2016

ESP FOUNDATION - GROUND BEAM Designed by : NRR
Job No. : 1815002 Checked by : TD

Reference Calculation Output

Crack width = 3acrem = 0.049 mm < 0.3

1 + 2[(acr - c)/(h - x)]

Therefore, Ok for Crack

file:///conversion/tmp/activity_task_scratch/577343859.xls B4
Reference Calculation Output

1. Input Data :
Grade of Concrete fck = 30 N/mm2
Grade of Reinforcement fyk = 500 N/mm2
Nominal Cover C top = 50 mm
C bottom = 50 mm
C side = 30 mm
Beam Size Width, b = 350 mm
Depth, D = 600 mm

2. Calculation of Longitudinal Reinforcement:

Ultimate Maximum Moment Mult = 237 kN-m

Effective depth, d = 520 mm

M 237 x 10^6
K = =
bd2fck 350 x 520 x 520 x 30
= 0.083
z = d(0.5+ (0.25-K/1.134)^0.5
= 520(0.5+(0.25-0.083/1.134)^0.5
= 478.65 mm

Kbal = 0.454(δ-k1)/k2- 0.182((δ-k1)/k2)2

= 0.363(δ-0.44)-0.116(δ-0.44)2 k1=0.44 ,k2=1.25
= 0.363(1-0.44)-0.116(1-0.44)^2 δ = 1
= 0.167
No Compression Reinforcement Required
x = (d-z)/0.4
= (520-478.65)/0.4) = 103.38 mm
d'/x = 50/103.38
Applicable

= 0.48365 > 0.38 Compression Steel Not Yielded

Area of Compression Steel
(K-Kbal)fckbd2 (0.083-0.167)x30x350x520^2
As' = =
700(1-d'/x)(d-d') 700(1-(50/103.38))(520-50)
Not

-238492800
= = 0 mm2
169878.3130199
Steps

Provide Minimum 2 T 20 = 629 mm2

OK
OK as per Torsion
Area of Tension Steel Design

Kfckbd2 Kbal = for Doubly Reinforcement

As = + As'
0.87fykZbal K = for Single Reinforcement
0.083x30x350x520^2
= + As'
Reference Calculation Output
= + As'
0.87x500x478.65
= 1132 + 0 = 1132 mm2
Minimum Reinforcement
i) 0.6 xbd/fyk = 0.6x350x520/500 = 219 mm2 Cl:5.4.2.1.1
ii) 0.0015 xbd = 0.0015x350x520 = 273 mm 2

Maximum Reinforcement
i) 0.04Ac = 0.04x350x600 = 8400 mm2

Area of Reinforcement Required = 1132 mm2

OK
Layers of Reinforcement = 2

Tension Reinforcement
Layer Number Grade Dia Area Clear Spacing
1 3 T 20 942 105
2 2 T 20 628 230
- 2 - 16 - -
1570 mm2 OK
OK as per Torsion
Diameter of Tie Reinforcement = 10 mm

3. Calculation of Shear Reinforcement:

Ultimate Maximum Shear VEd = 770 kN

Design Axial Force NSd = 0 kN

3a. Variable Strut Inclination Method :

Concrete Strut Capacity

0.36 x b x d x fck x (1 - (fck/250))

VRdmax =
Cotθ + tanθ
0.36 x 350 x 520 x 30 (1- 30/250)
VRdmaxθ22 = = 600 kN
Cot 22 + tan 22
0.36 x 350 x 520 x 30 (1- 30/250)
VRdmaxθ45 = = 864 kN
Cot 45 + tan 45

Condition VRdmax22 < VEd < Vrdmax 45,Therefore Exact Angle to be calculated for design

Angle = Calculate Angle

VEd
= 0.5x Sin-1
0.18 x b x d x fck x (1 - (fck/250))
Steps Applicable

770 x1000
= 0.5x Sin-1
 Steps Applicable
Reference Calculation Output
= 0.5x Sin-1
0.18 x 350 x 520 x 30 (1- 30/250)

= 0.5x Sin-1 0.9 = 32.08 Degree

Vrdmaxθ = 778 kN

Shear Link

Leg of Link = 2
Dia of Link = 12 mm
Spacing = 150 mm > 94 mm
Change Spacing
Minimum Shear Link Satisfied
Maximum Shear Link Spacing Satisfied

Area of Steel, Asw = 226 mm2

Asw VEd 770 x1000
= =
s 0.78xfykxdxcotθ 0.78 x 500 x 520 x cot32.08
= 2.380
s = 94 mm

Minimum Shear Link requiremnt

Asw 0.08 x bw x √fck 0.08 x 350 x 30^0.5
= =
s fyk 500
= 0.30672
s = 736 mm OK

Maximum Shear Link Spacing

s = 0.75 x d = 0.75 x 520 = 390 mm
OK

3b. Standard Method :

Shear resistance of a section

VRd3 = Vcd + Vwd

Vwd = VRd3 - Vcd

Vcd = {ζRd x k x (1.2 + 40xρ1)+0.15 x σcp} x bd

= { 0.34 x 1 x ( 1.2 + 40 x 0.01 ) + 0.15 x 0 } x 350 x 600
= 114240 N = 114.24 kN

ζRd = 0.34
k = 1
Reference Calculation Output
ρ1 = As1/(b x d) < 0.02 = 942 / ( 350 x 520 ) = 0.01
σcp = (NSd - fyk /ϒs x As2)/Ac fyk /ϒs <= 400
= { 0 - 400 x 629 }/(350 x 600)
= -1.2

Remaining Shear for Vertical Shear Reinforcement

Vwd = 770 -114.24 kN

= 655.76 kN

Shear Link

Leg of Link = 2
Dia of Link = 8 mm
Spacing = 150 mm > 35 mm
Change Spacing
Minimum Shear Link Satisfied
Maximum Shear Link Spacing Satisfied

Area of Steel, Asw = 100 mm2

Asw Vwd 655.76 x1000
= =
s 0.9xfykxd 0.9 x 500 x 520
= 2.81
s = 35 mm

Minimum Shear Link requiremnt

Asw 0.08 x bw x √fck 0.08 x 350 x 30^0.5
= =
s fyk 500
= 0.30672
s = 326 mm OK

Maximum Shear Link Spacing

s = 0.75 x d = 0.75 x 520 = 390 mm
OK

4. Calculation of Torsional Reinforcement:

Torsional Moment TEd = 24 kN-m

Thickness of Equivalent box Section, t ef

tef = A/u = ( 600 x 350 )/(2 x ( 600 + 350 ))
= 110 mm

Area Within Centreline, Ak = (b-tef) x (h-tef)

Reference Calculation Output
= ( 350 -110 ) x ( 600 - 110 )
= 117600 mm2

Perimeter Within Centreline, uk = 2 (b + h -2 x tef)

= 2 ( 350 + 600 - 2x110 )
= 1460 mm

Check for Concrete Section adequate

TEd/TRdmax + VEd/VRdmax < = 1.0
= ( 24 / 120 ) + ( 770 / 778 ) < = 1.0
= 1.19 > 1.0 Change Section

ν1 = 0.6 (1-fck/250) = 0.6 x ( 1 -30 /250 )

= 0.52
TRdmax = (1.33 x ν1 x fck x tef x Ak) / (cotθ + tanθ)
= (1.33 x 0.52 x30 x 110 x 117600 )/ ( cot32.08 + tan32.08
= 120 kN-m
VRdmaxθ = 778 kN

Additional Link requirement for Torsion

Asw TEd 24 x 10^6

= =
s 2Ak0.87xfykxcotθ 2 x 117600 x 0.87 x 500 x cot32.08
= 0.148 Single Leg Link

Shear and Torsion Reinforcement

Asw Asw Asw

= +
s s Shear s Torsion

= 2.38 + 2 x 0.148 = 2.676

s = 37 mm

Leg of Link = 2
Dia of Link = 8 mm
Spacing = 100 mm > 37 mm
Change Spacing
Minimum Shear Link Satisfied
Maximum Shear Link Spacing Satisfied
Maximum Shear Link Spacing Satisfied as per Torsion
Area of Steel, Asw = 100 mm2

Maximum Shear Link Spacing as per Torsion

s = uk / 8 = 1460 / 8 = 182 mm

Additional Longitudinal Reinforcement as per Torsion:

Reference Calculation Output

As1 TEd x uk x cotθ 24 x 10^6 x 1460 x cot32.08

= =
2Ak0.87xfyk 2 x 117600 x 0.87 x 500
= 547 mm2

Additional Reinforcement at each face = 137 mm2

Total Tension Reinforcement =

= 1132 + 137 = 1269 mm2

Total Compression Reinforcement =

= 0 + 137 = 137 mm2

Side Reinforcement =
= 137 / 2 = = 69 mm2
= 1 + ( 200 / 520 )^0.5)