SReXperts

Understanding
End-to-End 5G
Transport Networks
January 2022

© 2020 Nokia SReXperts - Confidential

Agenda 5G Introduction
Market drivers and business goals

5G transport architecture
Target architecture and dimensioning

End-to-end requirements
Across Mobile Networks and Mobile Transport Providers

Nokia solution
Network function interconnection

Conclusions
Q and A

2 © 2020 Nokia SReXperts - Confidential

5G Introduction
Market drivers and business goals

3 © 2020 Nokia SReXperts - Confidential

5G brings a huge range of new technological capabilities to operators
Underpinning many greatly enhanced, and completely new use cases

• 5G Phase 1 (3GPP Rel. 15) arrives first with eMBB & FWA focus. Higher speeds (1-5 Gbps)
Some 5G (NSA) networks launched Lower latencies (<10 ms).
• 5G Phase 2 (3GPP Rel. 16) focuses on URLLC, Industrial IoT; deploying E2E network slicing
after 2020
Much higher speeds (up to 10 Gbps)
Much lower latencies (<1 ms)
Ultra-reliability (99.999%+)

4 © 2020 Nokia SReXperts - Confidential

Preparing Transport networks for 5G – Short to Midterm
Capacity Expansion Synchronization SDN automation
Capacity Expansion (e.g. 10G BH, fibre) (phase & time)
(e.g. MBH)

Synchronization
(phase & time)

SDN automation

Convergence Convergence Layer 3 to Edge Densification

Y2020+

(e.g. Fixed/Mobile) (e.g. Fixed/Mobile) (any-to any conn.) (e.g. mmW)

Layer 3 to Edge
(any-to any IP conn.)

Densification
(e.g. mmW)

Edge DC
interconnect Edge DC
interconnect
Resiliency
Lower latency

5 © 2020 Nokia SReXperts - Confidential

5G transport architecture
Target architecture and dimensioning

6 © 2020 Nokia SReXperts - Confidential

5G Transport Readiness
Top check list
10GE – 5G RAN Backhaul & Midhaul
Capacity 25GE – Fronthaul for Cloud RAN
+100GE – IP Aggregation & more in Backbone
0.1ms – Fronthaul for Cloud RAN
Latency 1ms – Far Edge DC
10ms – Centralized DC
More meshed & reliable connectivity
Connectivity
Accurate phase & time synchronization

Programmability via SDN & Netconf/YANG APIs for

Automation dynamic services delivery across VNF & PNF

7 © 2020 Nokia SReXperts - Confidential

5G NR (New Radio) Architecture
Based on Cloud RAN with three layers

4G EPC EPC/5GC

Backhaul
gNB
CU

F1 F1 F1 Midhaul
High Layer Split
(IP/ETH)

DU DU DU

4G eNB 5G gNB Fronthaul

Low Layer Split
(CPRI/eCPRI)

CU: Centralized Unit RU RU RU

DU: Distributed Unit
Note: 3GPP considers the DU to include RU
RU: Radio Unit

8 © 2020 Nokia SReXperts - Confidential

Flexible placement of RAN functions
Optimize capacity, coverage and cost

Radio Site Edge Cloud Regional Cloud Mobile Core

(CO/Data Center) (Data Center)
Fronthaul (100us)
Centralized RU CPRI / eCPRI DU CU
Backhaul (>10ms)
100G IP/Ethernet
4G/5G RAN CPRI + 10/25 GE

BBU

Fronthaul (50-250us)
Centralized eCPRI
Midhaul (1-2ms) Backhaul (>10ms) Mobile Core
RU DU CU
5G Cloud RAN 10/25 GE
10/25/100 GE 100G IP/Ethernet

Distributed Midhaul (1-2ms) Backhaul (>10ms)

RU DU CU Moving Out
5G Cloud RAN 10/25/100 GE 100G IP/Ethernet

Encryption
(MACsec,
Distributed 4G/5G Backhaul (>10ms) IPsec)
RAN (Classical) RU DU CU
100G IP/Ethernet Synchronization
(SyncE, IEEE
1588v2)
BBU

9 © 2020 Nokia SReXperts - Confidential

End-to-end requirements
Across Mobile Networks and
Mobile Transport Providers

10 © 2020 Nokia SReXperts - Confidential

5G – Anyhaul
MNO + Transport Provider – Architecture overview
Mobile Network
Operator

Fronthaul Midhaul Backhaul

Interconnect

FH L2 VPWS (Pipe) MH L2 VPWS (Pipe) BH L2 VPWS (Pipe)

Mobile Transport
Provider

Fronthaul Midhaul Backhaul

MNO Typical design & requirements Transport Provider owns and manage

• IP Network with IP-VPN/EVPN Services • L2 P2P service

• Responsible for QoS, Network Slicing • No interaction on Sync, IP Addressing of RAN/CORE, etc
• Up to 7 type of SLA (queues) per service • QoS mapping on transport (MNO to MTP)
• L3 OAM (TWAMP/TWAMP-Light) • ETH-CFM to guarantee MNO agreed SLA

11 © 2020 Nokia SReXperts - Confidential

Fronthaul (eCPRI) from the MTN perspective
Options
RU - 1 RU - 2 RU - 3 RU - x DU L2 TSN Switch
MNO Network
(NOK TPS)
eCPRI 10-20km
< 100 us
L3 Router
(NOK IXR-e)
RU CSG DU CSA

Nx10/100G Option 1- L2 SVC with TSN Switch

Nx10/100 Low Latency P2P L2 and/or G.8032 ERP Ring service
L2 SVC - TPS •
Mobile Transport Network (MTN)

Nx10/100 • Can be used if eCPRI is also required

Nx10/100G
Add-on: Leverage TSN Switch additional ports and add a

10
Nx1-100G
Nx
CPE/NID for Business Services

Nx10/100
Option 2 – L2 Switch transport and Router for OAM/Slicing
Nx1-100G Use IP routers together with TPS for OAM
IP Router L2 SVC - TPS

Nx10/100 Option 3 – IP Router for transport, OAM and Slicing

Leverage ultra-low latency routers (5 uS latency) and same
Nx1-100G IP Router IP Router platform for mobile/Business/Residential Customers with
Segment Routing to the edge
OAM-PM and Network Slicing (Business / Mobile)

12 © 2020 Nokia SReXperts - Confidential

Fronthaul (eCPRI) from the MTP perspective
Latency

te2e = S tProcessing + S tQueuing S tTransmission + S tPropagation <100us*

FH transport assumptions: eCPRI
RU DU

MNO Network
• 100us one-way
• 5 uS/km on fiber
5-10uS RU CSG DU CSA 5-10 uS
• Total latency budget = 100uS

Node processing delay: 10-20km

MTN
~2.5 uS ~2.5 uS
< 100 us
IXR-e/s = ~2-3uS

With IXR product, you get: te2e = MNO + TPN (~10uS + ~5us) + Distance (~85us) < 100us*
~16Km
RU CSG + DU CSA 2 x CPE/NID ~17-18km Max distance to provide 100uS one-way latency

MTN: Mobile Transport Networks

13 © 2020 Nokia SReXperts - Confidential

MNO to MTN requirements
DU Sites – Midhaul (“Fronthaul aggregation”)

Traffic growth, MNO Midhaul APP

From 1G to 10-25G (DU – CU) RRH EPC/

NG-CORE

MNO access Network

IP/MPLS (high-latency front-haul) DU/BBU CU
EVPN/VPWS with Segment Routing 100-200km
25G
1-2 msec
Point to Point
Any-to-any, multi-connectivity 10/100G 10/100G
Any topology (mesh, ring, star)

Carrier fronthaul
100!s
Low latency requirement

Aggregation Metro Aggregation

Security (MACSec/IPSec) IP Router Optical IP Router

Carrier Midhaul (10G/25G/40G/100G)

Stringent synchronization at the fronthaul
1-2 millisecond (one-way)
(at the MNO level)
Transport Provider Network

14 © 2020 Nokia SReXperts - Confidential

MNO to MTN requirements
CU Sites – Backhaul (“Midhaul aggregation”)

APP

EPC/
NG-CORE

Traffic growth to 100Gs (CU to NG-CORE) DU/BBU CU

Midhaul Backhaul
Point to Point 10G/25G 100G/400G
Any-to-any, multi-connectivity
Any topology (mesh, ring, star)

Low latency requirement MTSO

Security (MACSec)
Aggregation Metro Aggregation Aggregation Metro Aggregation
IP Router Optical IP Router IP Router Optical IP Router

Carrier Midhaul (10G/25G/40G/100G) Carrier Backhaul (100G/400G)

1 millisecond (one-way) >10 millisecond (one-way)

15 © 2020 Nokia SReXperts - Confidential

End-to-end Network Slices
ork slice
E2E netw
tor
orchestra

End-to-End Network Slices

RAN Slices Transport Core Slices

Slices *

lice slice
RAN s er lice Core ler
Infotainment
contr
ol l port s ol
Trans roller contr
HD maps Cont BMW BMW
Automated driving infotainment HD maps

Public
Automated driving
and
private
Transport clouds
Public safety 5G 5G
Edge Operator-x Core
Video surveillance
Multi-source PS video
artificial surveillance
Tenants intelligence
E2E network slices = NS1 NS2 NS3 NS4 NS5

* Also called Transport Sub-Slices and Transport Slice-Subnets

16 © 2020 Nokia SReXperts - Confidential

Nokia solution
Network function interconnection

17 © 2020 Nokia SReXperts - Confidential

Nokia IP & Optics Anyhaul
Be unstoppable on your path to 5G
Infrastructure Management
Configuration & Provisioning Apps L2, L3 Service Fulfillment (IP/MPLS)
NSD / NFM-P

Optimization Apps IP/MPLS LSP Control and Optimization

NRC-P
IGP and BGP topology
Assurance & Analytics Apps NSP Multi-layer Coordination
Cross domain / cross layer connection management
NRC-X

Your own apps

L0, L1 and L2-over-Optical Service Fulfillment
NRC-T / NFM-T
Optical Infrastructure Management

Centralized Units
Remote Distributed Units Regional datacenter
Radio Units Edge cloud/CO

Cell site Aggregation Hub Multi-access Edge

Fronthaul Mid/backhaul Interconnect Core
ETR ETR
• IXR-e – eCPRI/ Business Services • 7250 IXR-R4/R6/S • 7250 IXR-s/Xs 7750 SR/-s
• 1830 TPS – CPRI + eCPRI • 1830 PSI-M/MX • 1830 PSS 4/8/16 3T-115T HD

Any Generation Any Topology Any Service Any Access

Seamless transition from 2G, 3G and Optimize coverage for different Guarantee SLAs on bandwidth, latency, Converge fixed wireline and
4G/LTE to 5G access demographics and architectures reliability and security wireless access

18 © 2020 Nokia SReXperts - Confidential

 ACC AGG ABR

Anyhaul Product Positioning Edge DC

IXR-E/R4 IXR-X 7750 SR(-s)

MEC CDN IXR-e IXR-s/R6 IXR-X *

IXR-ec IXR-E/R4 IXR-R6d *

Front-haul Mid-haul IXR-X TOR

RU
10 DU/vDU Cloud RAN CU
/2 SR-1(s)/2s
5G
GPS DC GW
E Core DC
RU 100 EPC/5G MG
Cloud RAN SAS-24/IXR- GE
e/ESW
FH 25/100GE
10/25/100GE
RU IXR-X/S IXR-R/X/S
GE
10/25 Mobile Core App
eCPRI, MH SW CRAN Agg
10/100/400GE
CRAN
Front-haul
100/400GE 100/400GE
RU GPS
CRAN Private Cloud
10/25/100GE
SAS-24/IXR- eCPRI, 10/25GE IXR-E/R/X/S 7220/7250 IXR
e/E
FH SW Back-haul CRAN Agg VXLAN/SRL Fabric

eNB/gNB SR/SR-s/IXR-R6d * SR-7s/14s/XRS SR-2s/7s/14s

DRAN 10/25/100GE Agg Core PE/DC-GW
IXR-e/ec 10/25GE IXR-E/R
DRAN CSR Pre-Agg

ACC AGG ABR

19 © 2020 Nokia * Detailed positioning depends on capacity/functionality/scaling and need to be investigated case by case.
 7750 SR-7s / 7750 SR-14s 12 XMAs CPM
power shelf connector
8 SFMs insert
behind four
middle fan
trays

• Power completely de-coupled

• No reliance on power supply fans
to cool ports

5 or 6 XMAs CPM power shelf connector

4 SFMs insert
behind two
middle fan 24RU
trays

8x
13RU
fan trays

4x
fan trays

Front Back

21 © 2020 Nokia Customer Confidential

7750 SR-s modular flexibility
For use in SR-2s, SR-7s or SR-14s
IOM-s # of FP4 Universal QSPF28 XMA-s
SROS complexes
20.10.R1
Break-out options:

• 1 x 100GE
Up to 750G FD Up to 750G FD 1x FP4 • 1 x 40GE
• 4/10 x 10GE
IOM-s 1.5T 18-port 1.2T QSFP28
Break-out options:

• 1 x 100GE
Up to 1.5T FD Up to 1.5T FD 2x FP4 • 1 x 40GE
• 4/10 x 10GE
36-port 2.4T QSFP28
IOM-s 3.0T Break-out options:

• 1 x 100GE
Forward: 1.5T or 3.0T FD 3x FP4 • 1 x 40GE
• 4/10 x 10GE

MDA-s: 750G or 1.5T FD 36-port 3.6T QSFP28

Break-out options:

1 x 400GE
iFIFO: Up to 2T FD per MDA-s 4x FP4 •
• 1/2/4 x 100GE
• 1 x 40GE
36-port 4.8T QSFP-DD • 4/10 x 10GE

Pay-as-you-grow RTU (bandwidth based) Pay-as-you-grow RTU (connector based)

22 © 2020 Nokia Customer Confidential
7750 SR-s Universal XMA-s
License Upgradeable RTU Upgradeability
18-port 1.2T
1x FP4 QSFP28
• 6 à 12 à 18 QSFP28 ports
intelligent fan-in/fan-out

36-port 2.4T
2x FP4 QSFP28
• 16 à 24 à 36 QSFP28 ports
intelligent fan-in/fan-out

36-port 3.6T
3x FP4 QSFP28
• 3.6T fixed capacity

36-port 4.8T • 3.6T à 4.8T à 12T

4x FP4 intelligent fan-in/fan-out
QSFP-DD

Tuned to meet exact density/power/aggregation requirements

23 © 2020 Nokia Customer Confidential * Refer to the 7750 SR-s Installation
Guide for RTU based connector configurations
IOM-s: flexible port expansion
Multi E4 MDA-s
• Any speed any port:1x100GE, 10x10,…
18p Universal

Up to 750G FD

Up to 1.5T FD
• Common deployment and sparing from
QSFP28 10GE to 100GE

6p CFP2 DCO • CFP2 DCO: 1x100G or 2x100G clear

channel

24p 10/100 SFP-DD • Native 10GE or 100GE

Up to 750G FD

Up to 1.5T FD
16p 10/25/100 SFP-DD
• MACsec on 16 ports
with MACsec & 4p
• 4 ports of Universal QSFP28
QSFP28
• QSFP-DD: Any speed any port
4p QSFP-DD & 4p
• 400G, 200G, 100G, 40G, 10x10G
QSFP28 Universal
• Common deployment and sparing
IOM-s 1.5T IOM-s 3.0T
from 10GE to 400GE
24 © 2020 Nokia Customer Confidential
 IOM-s: flexible port expansion
Single E4 MDA-s variants

Up to 750G FD

Up to 1.5T FD
3p CFP2 DCO • CFP2 DCO: 1x100G or 2x100G clear
channel

8p 10/25/100 SFP-DD
SROS • MACsec on 8 ports
20.10.R1 with MACsec & 2p
• 2 ports of Universal QSFP28
QSFP28
• QSFP-DD: Any speed any port
2p QSFP-DD & 2p
• 400G, 200G, 100G, 40G, 10x10G

Up to 750G FD

Up to 1.5T FD
QSFP28 Universal
• Common deployment and sparing
from 10GE to 400GE

Lower bandwidths well suited for the IOM-s 1.5T, but useable anywhere

25 © 2020 Nokia Customer Confidential

7250 IXR-e series
Versatile access Native 25GE
7250 IXR-e big: 2 x QSFP28/QSFP+, 8 x SFP28/SFP+/SFP*, 24 x SFP+/SFP

GNSS port

GNSS and non-GNSS versions available

Dual modular, Replaceable
shared PSUs 7250 IXR-e small: 14 x SFP+/SFP, 4 x GE RJ-45 fan filter

GNSS and non-GNSS versions available

Fixed form factor Line rate or oversubscribed Value-added capabilities

• Front access • 600 or 240 Gb/s HD • Full SyncE and IEEE 1588 support
• Side to side cooling • QSFP28 breakout support • ITU-T G.8273.2 Class C for noise generation
• 300mm ETSI compliant • Dual and tri-rate port speeds for • GNSS support
• AC or DC powered easy expansion • ETR: -40 to 65°C
* GE on 25G ports is a future software deliverable
27 © 2020 Nokia Internal
ernal Use
New 5G backhaul network uses segment routing
Tier 1 MNO in APAC
Virtual functions
- CU Why Nokia?
Situation Edge - Access and mobility
Cloud - Session management • FP4 platforms have
• New 5G backhaul network - User plane high port density per
card
• Three vendors, one region each Backhaul
• Deep buffers for bursty
• Experience with RSVP-TE in LTE network NSP (PCE future) traffic
• Wanted simple, unified control plane
operations Back- Central
Solution bone cloud

• FP4 7750 SR-s platforms for eMBB

RU DU 7250 IXR- 7750 SR- 7750 SR- 7750 SR-
• 1588v2 for GPS backup R6 7s 14s 12e • Lower power
PE consumption
• SR- OSPFv2 + rLFA, L3 VPN, Single domain; SR OSPFv2 • SR OS stability
using a process ID per region (vendor)
• NSP for SDN traffic engineering and
automation

28 © 2020 Nokia
 NSP multi-vendor
5G network rollout Provisioning, SDN controller
(future traffic engineering)
Tier 1 CSP in APAC Zone 1 Aggregation sites
IP Core: Dual vendors
10GE Redundant routers
100GE
Situation 7750 SR-2s (future SR-7s)
• Needed a 5G-ready IP transport network
5G CSR Mobile
• Needed to link siloed networks together RAN Core
Solution 7210 SAS-Sx 7750 SR-2s Service
10/100GE aggregation PE
• Nokia FP4 aggregation and core nodes Satellites
• NSP multi-vendor SDN controller
• Segment routing (SR) IS-IS day 1
Nokia advantages DC Service PE
• 7750 SR-2s was best fit for aggregation sites for router Zone 2
density, size and power draw – can delay facility
investments
• 25 Gb/s port interfaces for future 5G radio
Future capabilities
• Segment routing with traffic engineering using NSP as the path
computation engine (multi-vendor) from cell site router (CSR) to the
core

29 © 2020 Nokia
New 5G anyhaul network core
Tier 1 MNO in APAC
Backbone
Situation 7750 SR-14s
NSP SDN
Launched 5G in 1Q 2019
Needed a new, fast to deploy, IP-based transport network
SR Metro Core
Solution IS-IS 7750 SR-7s IS-IS
• FP-4-based 7750 SR-s platforms to meet eMBB performance
requirements 100GE transport
AGG 7750
• NSP for Carrier SDN SR-2s
• 1588v2 for GPS backup Access 3rd Party
N x 100G
• Segment routing, TI-LFA, L3 VPN
• Future: EVPN, SR-TE
• Operates in parallel with LTE backhaul network Why Nokia?
• High per card port density
• NSP : Automation, traffic optimization
• Deep buffers for bursty traffic
• Better/lower power consumption
• Experience with SR OS stability
30 © 2020 Nokia
 3Q 2021 Total router – global market share
Change in total market and market share percentage points
Total router - global Q/Q Δ Total router - global Y/Y Δ
Total router - global 5% 10%
4% 3% 2% 2%
Nokia 5%
21%
26% Cisco 0% 1%
-0.3% -0.2% 0%
-1%
Juniper 0%
-3% 3% -1%
Huawei -4% -2%
33%
ZTE -5% -5%
13% Total Nokia Cisco Juniper Huawei ZTE
Total Nokia Cisco Juniper Huawei ZTE
Other Market $B Market
%pts $B %pts

21% 21%

#3
Total router - global Total router - global - rolling 4-qtr
$B 3.5 40% $B 3.5 40%
2.8 2.8 3.0
2.6 2.5 2.7 2.7
2.7 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.7
3.0 2.6 30% 3.0 2.5 2.6 2.6 30%
2.0
2.5 20% 2.5 20%

2.0 10% 2.0 10%

1.5 0% 1.5 0%
3Q19 4Q19 1Q20 2Q20 3Q20 4Q20 1Q21 2Q21 3Q21 3Q19 4Q19 1Q20 2Q20 3Q20 4Q20 1Q21 2Q21 3Q21
Total M arke t $B Nokia Cisco Total M arke t $B Nokia Cisco
Juniper Huawei ZT E Juniper Huawei ZT E

31 © 2020 Nokia
 3Q 2021 IP total router (edge + core) global without China
Change in total market and market share percentage points
Total router: global without China Total router – global w/o China Q/Q Δ Total router – global w/o China Y/Y Δ
5% 5%
1%3%
Nokia 2% 3%
1% 1%
14%
25%
Cisco 0.2% 0.4% 0.3%
0% 0%
Juniper -0.2% 0.1%
-1% -1%
16%
Huawei -2%

ZTE -5% -5%

41% Total Nokia Cisco Juniper Huawei ZTE Total Nokia Cisco Juniper Huawei ZTE
Other Market Market
$B %pts $B %pts

25% 26%

#2
Total router - global w/o China Total router - global - rolling 4-qtr w/o China
$B 3.0 50% $B 3.0 50%
2.0 2.1 1.5 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.0 2.1 2.1
40% 2.5 40%
2.5
2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.1
30% 30%
2.0 2.0
20% 20%
1.5 1.5 10%
10%
Without China 1.0 0%
1.0 0%
3Q19 4Q19 1Q20 2Q20 3Q20 4Q20 1Q21 2Q21 3Q21 3Q19 4Q19 1Q20 2Q20 3Q20 4Q20 1Q21 2Q21 3Q21

Total M arke t $B Nokia Cisco Juniper Huawei ZT E

Total M arke t $B Nokia Cisco Juniper Huawei ZT E

32 © 2020 Nokia
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