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Lab REport 03

The document describes an experiment to measure the stiffness of a compression spring. Three springs of the same material and geometry were tested. The springs' technical specifications were recorded and each spring was loaded incrementally with weights. The displacement of each spring was measured at loading and unloading. The average stiffness was calculated to be 2.78 N/mm^2 by plotting force versus displacement and determining the slope. The results show that springs of the same material and geometry have consistent stiffness.

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Manzoor Khan
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71 views

Lab REport 03

The document describes an experiment to measure the stiffness of a compression spring. Three springs of the same material and geometry were tested. The springs' technical specifications were recorded and each spring was loaded incrementally with weights. The displacement of each spring was measured at loading and unloading. The average stiffness was calculated to be 2.78 N/mm^2 by plotting force versus displacement and determining the slope. The results show that springs of the same material and geometry have consistent stiffness.

Uploaded by

Manzoor Khan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LAB REPORT:3

To measure the stiffness of the compression spring and plot agraph between load and displacement .

OBJECTIVES:

 To find the stiffness of a compression spring and plot a graph between force and displacement.
 To investigate that whether spring stiffness depends upon the geometry of the spring or not.

LITERATURE REVIEW:

SPRING:

It is an elastic component of any structure used to:

 Transfer force
 Provide flexibility
 To store elastic potential energy.

Classification:

1: The classification is based on the spring material, and is classified as;

 Wire spring: a compression spring or wire spring is a mechanical device in the shape of a helix
made from spring wire.
 Flat spring: flat springs are flat strips of that material when deflected by external load store and
release energy.

2: The classification based upon the resistive response to the applied load.it is categorized as;

 Extension spring: Extension springs also known as tension spring are helical wound coils, wrapped
tightly together to create tension.
 Compression spring: It is open coil helical spring that offers resistance to a compressive force applied
axially.
 Torsional spring: It’s a spring that works by twisting its end along its axis that is a flexible elastic
object that store mechanical energy when twisted.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS:

 Wire diameter(d)
 Outer diameter (OD)
 Mean spring diameter (OD-d)
 Free length
 Solid length
 No of turns
 Material
 Stiffness

WIRE DIAMETER:
Diameter of the wire from which the spring is made. It is denoted by d.

OUTER DIAMETER:
Outer diameter of the spring. It is denoted by OD.

MEAN SPRING DIAMETER:


The difference between outer diameter and wire diameter of the spring is called mean spring diameter. It
is denoted by D, such that 
D = OD – d

NUMBER OF TURNS/COILS:
As the name indicates, it is the total number of coils of material present in spring.

FREE LENGTH:
Length of spring when no external force is acting. It is denoted by Lf.

SOLID LENGTH:
Length when spring is fully compressed. It is denoted by LS.

MATERIALS:
Mostly springs are made of Steel, Brass, CV, Plain Carbon, and Aluminum. The material type of spring varies
with its area of use.

STIFFNESS:
” It is the resistance offered by a body towards the applied force”.
F=-Kx
F
K=
x

APPARATUS:

 Compression spring
 Vernier caliper
 Weights
 Fine pointer
 Vertical wooden scale

COMPRESSION SPRING: It is open coil helical spring that offers resistance to a compressive force applied
axially.

POINTER→

←SPRING

HANGER→
PROCEDURE:

1. Take 3 different springs of same material A, B ,C.


2. Find out the technical specifications of each spring and fill the table below.

TECHNICAL VALUES
SPECIFICATIONS (mm)
Wire diameter 3.35
Outer diameter 31.85
Mean diameter 28.50
No. of turns 20

3. Suspend the spring from the rigid support with a pointer and a hook from the free end.
4. At the lower end hang a hanger from the hook.
5. Calibrate the pointer such that the tip of pointer comes over the scale.
6. Now go on adding the weights and note down the position of pointer on the scale and take readings
for each spring.
7. Repeat the steps for other springs and record your observations.

OBSEVATION AND CALCULATIONS:


Deflection at Deflection at Average
S.No. load(L) loading(mm) unloading(mm) deflection(mm) Stiffness N/mm^2
1 0 0 0 0 0
2 5 1 1 1 5
3 10 3 3 3 3.33
4 15 5 5 5 3
5 20 7 7 7 2.85
6 25 9 9 9 2.77
7 30 11 11 11 2.6

Average stiffness=kavg=Ʃk/n=2.78 N/mm^2

DATA ANALYSIS:

STIFFNESS GRAPH
35
30
25
20
FORCE

k
15
10
5
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
DISPLACEMENT

PRECAUTIONS:

 Check the zero error in the apparatus.


 Set the pointer to zero before loading
 Note down the readings when the when the load hanger comes to rest

RECOMMENDATIONS:
Errors will occur in this method, so for precise measurement use digital instruments.

RESULT:

Thus, the average stiffness of the spring (kavg) is 2.78N/mm^2.

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