UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE, PLANNING AND

SURVEYING
CENTRE OF STUDIES FOR SURVEYING
SCIENCE AND GEOMATIC

ADVANCED CARTOGRAPHY (GLS680)

MANUAL AND DIGITAL CARTOGRAPHY

GROUP 7B

PREPARED BY : NOR HIDAYAH BINTI AZIZAN

(2018435688)

DATE OF SUBMISSION: 24/1/2022

PREPARED FOR: Ts Gs Dr. ABDUL RAUF ABDUL RASAM

Sr Dr MOHD ADLY ROSLY
MR SAHARUDDIN LIN

0
 INTRODUCTION

Cartography is the art and science of making maps. Cartography is a type of map that combines
statistical information with geographic location. It is a unique kind of map. Cartography is a
discipline of geography dealing with the design, creation, distribution, and study of maps. It is
also the study and practice of preparing geographic maps, which integrates science, aesthetics,
and technology and is founded on the idea that our world can be depicted in ways that efficiently
channel spatial information. A technique set or the art of producing a map are other terms for the
same thing. Geographic information systems (GIS) are used in digital mapping to encode and
manage variables and geographical data from many sources such as databases, statistical
applications, computer-aided design, automated mapping, and remote sensing programmes.

A thematic map that contains or shows qualitative and quantitative information as well as special
elements or concepts connected to the relevant topographic details. It highlights spatial patterns
or additional geographical attributes to represent geographical relationships and data about
specific distributions. A thematic map is a form of map that depicts the spatial pattern of a
specific subject (theme) in a geographic region. This generally entails using map symbols to
display certain aspects of geographical elements that are not normally observable, such as
temperature, language, or population. There are many way in produce the thematic map as for
tradionally method, the manual method will be used. Then there are also semi-digital and digital
method to create the thematic map.

Moreover, for the automated mapping is also known as computer-assisted cartography or

automatic mapping. It is a sort of mapping that encompasses a collection of approaches for
designing and mapping utilizing digital resources. In this lab report, the manual thematic map,
semi-auto thematic map and the digital thematic map will be discussed.

1
1.1 MANUAL THEMATIC MAPPING

Manual thematic map is one of the method that have used to produce a map by draw it manually.
This method is traditional method which being used at the beginning of the existence of the map.

Steps

Calculation step.

First, find the covid-19 cases statistical data from 13 March to 14 March 2020 in internet. For
this lab, the data collected from the Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia (KKM). The data type that
have being collected from KKM is the secondary data. While for the BaseMap, the data are from
Open Street Map (OSM).

1. Data Collection

Mac 13 Mac 14
Tganu 0 0
Sabah 15 26
N9 11 19
Swak 0 6
Johor 16 22
Melaka 0 6
Sgor 105 92
PP 7 7
Klntn 3 3
Perak 2 2
WPLabuan 2 2
Pahang 2 2
Kedah 5 5
WPKL 26 43
Pjaya 1 1
Perlis 1 2

Data arrangement is created to determine the class range for the data case. The order of the data
is made from smallest order to largest value. This method is made for the convenience of the
next step. The data covid for two different date will be combine in one column from the small
value to the large value.

2
 2.1 Data Arrangement

0 Histogram
0
0
0
Chart Title
120
1 105
1 100 92
1 80
2
2 60
43
2 40
2 26 26
19 22
20 15 16
2 6 6 7 7
11
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 5 5
0 0 0 0 1 1 1
2
0
2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32
3 -20
3
-40
5
5
6
6
7
7
11
15
16
19

22

26
26
43
92
105

Then, identify the class classification of the data, whether it is natural break or manual or
quantile. Natural breaks including such data are inconsistent while manual or quantile is
consistent. Many cartographers prefer the natural break method because it captures the nature of
the data collection. Natural grouping data is sought, and visible breaks in the data are used as
class boundaries. The quantile method, on the other hand, divides the data by the number of
equilateral values for each class. As a result, the significance of class divisions is reduced. The
disadvantage of this method is that it might be confusing because each class has a wide range of
values. So, in this lab the natural break class classification is used.

2.2 Class classification

type of classification

natural Break= not consistant

Manual/Quantile= consistant

3
Next, calculate the number of class with the use of formula, Log N divided by Log 2. N is refer
to the total of the data. For example in this lab the number of data of state is 16 and the data have
been collected is for two date. So multiple the total of state data by data collected.

State= 16
Data= 2

N= 32

After the number of class has being calculated, classified the class of the data manually by
logically range to produced the class range for the map data cases.

2.3 Class Range

formula= LogN/ Log 2

5

Class Range
1 0-3 <3
2 5~7 4~7
3 11~26 8~26
4 43 27~43
5 92~105 >43

Then prepare the types of symbols and variables that will be used in the map. There are two
types of data in the preparation of statistical data symbolism, namely qualitative data and
quantitative data. Qualitative data is data that is a measure of type referring to names, symbols,
dates, and code numbers while qualitative data is data about category variables for example the
type used.

2.4 Symbology/Variable
Qualitative= State
Date 13
14
Quantitative=
Class Cases
1 <3
2 4~7
3 8~26

4 27~43

5 >43

4
There are three types of symbolism namely points, lines, and areas that can be used according to
the suitability of the data. For point symbolism, the qualitative point symbolism is a nominal -
scale pictorial symbol on the promotion map while the quantitative point symbolism is a symbol
with an indication of value with a recurring principle.

After the calculation have being done and the symbolgy that will be used is decide, the drawing
of manual thematic map can be done.

5
Results

Here, is the result of manual thematic map that have being drawing by hand manually. This is the
tradionally method that have being used before. The map that are being produce in this lab are
the Covid-19 cases in Malysia 2020. The data are show for all state in Malaysia including
wilayah Perseketuan Kuala Lumpur, wilayah Labuan, and wilayah Putrajaya.

6
1.2 SEMI-DIGITAL THEMATIC MAPPING

Steps

Calculation step.

First, find the covid-19 cases statistical data from 13 March to 14 March 2020 in internet. For
this lab, the data collected from the Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia (KKM). The data type that
have being collected from KKM is the secondary data. While for the BaseMap, the data are from
Open Street Map (OSM).

1. Data Collection

Mac 13 Mac 14
Tganu 0 0
Sabah 15 26
N9 11 19
Swak 0 6
Johor 16 22
Melaka 0 6
Sgor 105 92
PP 7 7
Klntn 3 3
Perak 2 2
WPLabuan 2 2
Pahang 2 2
Kedah 5 5
WPKL 26 43
Pjaya 1 1
Perlis 1 2

Data arrangement is created to determine the class range for the data case. The order of the data
is made from smallest order to largest value. This method is made for the convenience of the
next step. The data covid for two different date will be combine in one column from the small
value to the large value.

7
 2.1 Data Arrangement

0 Histogram
0
0
0
Chart Title
120
1 105
1 100 92
1 80
2
2 60
43
2 40
2 26 26
19 22
20 15 16
2 6 6 7 7
11
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 5 5
0 0 0 0 1 1 1
2
0
2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32
3 -20
3
-40
5
5
6
6
7
7
11
15
16
19

22

26
26
43
92
105

Then, identify the class classification of the data, whether it is natural break or manual or
quantile. Natural breaks including such data are inconsistent while manual or quantile is
consistent. Many cartographers prefer the natural break method because it captures the nature of
the data collection. Natural grouping data is sought, and visible breaks in the data are used as
class boundaries. The quantile method, on the other hand, divides the data by the number of
equilateral values for each class. As a result, the significance of class divisions is reduced. The
disadvantage of this method is that it might be confusing because each class has a wide range of
values. So, in this lab the natural break class classification is used.

2.2 Class classification

type of classification

natural Break= not consistant

Manual/Quantile= consistant

8
Next, calculate the number of class with the use of formula, Log N divided by Log 2. N is refer
to the total of the data. For example in this lab the number of data of state is 16 and the data have
been collected is for two date. So multiple the total of state data by data collected.

State= 16
Data= 2

N= 32

After the number of class has being calculated, classified the class of the data manually by
logically range to produced the class range for the map data cases.

2.3 Class Range

formula= LogN/ Log 2

5

Class Range
1 0-3 <3
2 5~7 4~7
3 11~26 8~26
4 43 27~43
5 92~105 >43

Then prepare the types of symbols and variables that will be used in the map. There are two
types of data in the preparation of statistical data symbolism, namely qualitative data and
quantitative data. Qualitative data is data that is a measure of type referring to names, symbols,
dates, and code numbers while qualitative data is data about category variables for example the
type used.

2.4 Symbology/Variable
Qualitative= State
Date 13
14
Quantitative=
Class Cases
1 <3
2 4~7
3 8~26

4 27~43

5 >43

9
There are three types of symbolism namely points, lines, and areas that can be used according to
the suitability of the data. For point symbolism, the qualitative point symbolism is a nominal -
scale pictorial symbol on the promotion map while the quantitative point symbolism is a symbol
with an indication of value with a recurring principle.

After the calculation have being done and the symbolgy that will be used is decide, the drawing
of semi-digital thematic map can be done in any GIS software like ArcMap and any illustration
software like adobe illustration.

ArcMap step.

First the data of Malaysia shapefile is add into ArcMap or any ArcGIS software. Here the color
of each layer is changed to the desired color to show the difference of each layer. Then, switch to
the Layout view to insert all map elements into the cartogram such as Title, Coordinates, Scale
and North Arrow. Capture a Layout view for each cartogram and save it in picture format
(JPEG). Then the images are then imported into Adobe Illustration to start editing symbols and
legends for the data. Here,in Adobe Ilustration, the legend of the data on map can be edited
easily and more attractively because we can designed or own legend symbology size and
position. So, the data that will be show to the audience will be more attractiv

10
RESULT

11
1.3 DIGITAL THEMATIC MAPPING

Steps (ArcGIS)

Calculation step.

First, find the covid-19 cases statistical data from 13 March to 14 March 2020 in internet. For
this lab, the data collected from the Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia (KKM). The data type that
have being collected from KKM is the secondary data. While for the BaseMap, the data are from
Open Street Map (OSM).

1. Data Collection

Mac 13 Mac 14
Tganu 0 0
Sabah 15 26
N9 11 19
Swak 0 6
Johor 16 22
Melaka 0 6
Sgor 105 92
PP 7 7
Klntn 3 3
Perak 2 2
WPLabuan 2 2
Pahang 2 2
Kedah 5 5
WPKL 26 43
Pjaya 1 1
Perlis 1 2

Data arrangement is created to determine the class range for the data case. The order of the data
is made from smallest order to largest value. This method is made for the convenience of the
next step. The data covid for two different date will be combine in one column from the small
value to the large value.

12
 2.1 Data Arrangement

0 Histogram
0
0
0
Chart Title
120
1 105
1 100 92
1 80
2
2 60
43
2 40
2 26 26
19 22
20 15 16
2 6 6 7 7
11
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 5 5
0 0 0 0 1 1 1
2
0
2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32
3 -20
3
-40
5
5
6
6
7
7
11
15
16
19

22

26
26
43
92
105

Then, identify the class classification of the data, whether it is natural break or manual or
quantile. Natural breaks including such data are inconsistent while manual or quantile is
consistent. Many cartographers prefer the natural break method because it captures the nature of
the data collection. Natural grouping data is sought, and visible breaks in the data are used as
class boundaries. The quantile method, on the other hand, divides the data by the number of
equilateral values for each class. As a result, the significance of class divisions is reduced. The
disadvantage of this method is that it might be confusing because each class has a wide range of
values. So, in this lab the natural break class classification is used.

2.2 Class classification

type of classification

natural Break= not consistant

Manual/Quantile= consistant

Next, calculate the number of class with the use of formula, Log N divided by Log 2. N is refer
to the total of the data. For example in this lab the number of data of state is 16 and the data have
been collected is for two date. So multiple the total of state data by data collected.

13
 State= 16
Data= 2

N= 32

After the number of class has being calculated, classified the class of the data manually by
logically range to produced the class range for the map data cases.

2.3 Class Range

formula= LogN/ Log 2

5

Class Range
1 0-3 <3
2 5~7 4~7
3 11~26 8~26
4 43 27~43
5 92~105 >43

Then prepare the types of symbols and variables that will be used in the map. There are two
types of data in the preparation of statistical data symbolism, namely qualitative data and
quantitative data. Qualitative data is data that is a measure of type referring to names, symbols,
dates, and code numbers while qualitative data is data about category variables for example the
type used.

2.4 Symbology/Variable
Qualitative= State
Date 13
14
Quantitative=
Class Cases
1 <3
2 4~7
3 8~26

4 27~43

5 >43

There are three types of symbolism namely points, lines, and areas that can be used according to
the suitability of the data. For point symbolism, the qualitative point symbolism is a nominal -
scale pictorial symbol on the promotion map while the quantitative point symbolism is a symbol

14
with an indication of value with a recurring principle. After the calculation have being done and
the symbolgy that will be used is decide, the drawing of digital thematic map can be done in any
GIS software like ArcMap.

ArcGIS step.

First the data of Malaysia shapefile is add into ArcMap or any ArcGIS software. In digital
thematic mapping, the data of the map will be shown in the symbology function in the ArcMap
software. So, the data of covid-19 cases for march 13 and march 14 can be added in to new field
in attribute table of Malaysia shapefile data. There are two way to add the data, first by join and
relate the data that have being save in excel to the ArcMap and second by edit it manually in
attribute table.

After that, the symbology setting have to be include to produce the map. This classification
schme divides the range of attribute value into equal sized of sub-ranges which allowing to
specify the number of intervals. Here, the function of ArcMap was to determine where break
should be and this can be edited based on the calculation that have being calculated before.

In this lab report, the quantities used were graduated symbol to show the number of covid-19
cases from the low range to the higher range based on the different of symbol size. The symbol
of virus can be created in the ArcMap too. So, the number of cases show on map will be more
attractive. The clasees for this break were 5 and the range of cases number production are from
3,7, 26, 43, and 105. Then, switch to the Layout view to insert all map elements into the
cartogram such as Title, Coordinates, Scale,Legend and North Arrow. Capture a Layout view for
each cartogram and save it in picture format (JPEG). The title is most important that needed on
map because it can be describe to audience about what map wanted to shows, as important is the
legend on the map.

15
Results (ArcGIS)

16
1.4 COMPARATIVE STUDY

Criteria/ Manual Semi-Digital Digital

Aspects
Application Sketching ArcMap ArcMap or ArcGIS Online
or Software Adobe Ilustrator
Data Data covid Data covid are import Data covid
Key in data manually from excel. Shapefile Malaysia map
Shapefile Malaysia Map Key in data digital
JPEG Malaysiamap
Key in data manually and
digital
Result No specific coordinate Medium resolution for Higher resolution for
for basemap outcome image
Specific coordinate Specific coordinate for
basemap basemap
The data symbology can The symbology data
be ilustrate creatively. create as in software use.

1.5 CONCLUSION

In conclusion, a cartogram is the ideal technique to express changes in attribute values across
time. Furthermore, in order to offer precise information, this cartogram employs the technique of
modification of geographical elements. This cartogram, in my view, makes it easier for me to
recognise which region requires greater attention, since the cartogram model expands to its
maximum value.

17
 MANUAL FOR M. FLASH/ WIX

INTRODUCTION

Multimedia is the interplay of several types of media supported by a computer. The use of
computers to exhibit text, images, video, animation, and sound in a seamless manner. To convey
mapping information, multimedia cartography employs interactive web/CD-ROM and animated
computer applications. These media are used to store, create, and publish mapping goods such as
Internet telephone/street directories, tourist guides, and animated street maps for use in
automobile GPS systems, as well as more traditional mapping products such as topographic
maps. Multimedia is a potentially powerful tool for geographical representation. It enables a
greater quantity of a more diverse range of media to be used to increase the potential for the
communication of spatial information.

Multimedia is important in cartography to present the data more attractively in a way of video
and animation. Multimedia cartography is the collecting of geographical information in such a
way that it may be presented via numerous display interfaces.Technology, through multimedia,
enables several methods of displaying geographic information. The presentation's goal is to
broaden the user's information channels beyond those provided by paper maps. Multimedia
provides a new method to examine data created and stored by spatial resource packages.

LAB 1 ( STORYBOARD, FILES AND BUTTON).

18
For this lab activity,six files will created. All of these files will be connected to the main
MainMenu file. The button in MainMenu will load the *.swf file associated with the button using
Action Script. The executable file will be MainMenu. When a user selects the Introduction
button, the Introduction, *.swf file is loaded. The *.swf file will be loaded when the user clicks
on the navigation. When the user hits the Exit button, the project will be ended.

Creating Files (*.fla & *.swf)

1. Create New -> Action Script 2.0

2. Modify -> Document -> Dimension 800 x 600
3. View -> Ruler -> drag vertical guideline to 150
4. Save the file as MainMenu.fla.
5. Repeat steps 1 to 4 to create another file such as Introduction, Map, Gallery, Navigation, and
Video.Test each of the files (Ctrl + Enter) to create *.swf files. The *.swf files will be used in
the action script later.

19
Creating Button.

6. To perform the event, we must now design a button. Make a rectangle. Double-click the
rectangle, then right-click and choose Switch to Symbol, then press F8.
7. The button is a type and the Name btnMainMenu, then click OK. Because you already have
an instance or a duplicate of the button in the Library, you can delete it.
8. Drag the btnMainMenu icon from the Library to the stage. Align the left edge of the
rectangles using the Align panel.
9. The file should be saved. Ctrl + Enter to play the movie. Fly over the button with the cursor.
The arrow cursor will be replaced with a pointing hand. Close the film.
10. Now we want to change the button to make it more engaging and dynamic. Double-click the
btnMainMenuin the Library button. You are now in the btnMainMenu environment. You are
now in Scene 1 of the game.
11. The button timeline may be seen in the btnMainMenuenvironment. The button timeline has
four conditions: Up, Over, Down, and Hit. When a button is in its typical position, it is said
to be up. Over is a condition that occurs when you hover your cursor over a button. When
you press the button, the condition is down. The hotspot region for the button is hit. The
colour of the button may be changed depending on the situation. For instance, grey denotes a
normal situation (Upcondition). For the Over condition, use Dark Grey. When you click the
button, the grey becomes darker (Downcondition).
12. Before we proceed, we must copy the button into the Over, Down, and Hit columns. F6 after
clicking in the Over column (Insert Key Frame). Rep the previous step for Down and Hit.
13. Change the fill colour of the button to Dark Grey by clicking in the Over column.
14. Change the fill colour of the button to Darker Grey by clicking in the Down column. Save the
file and run the movie (Ctrl + Enter) to see whether it works.

Creating New Layer at Timeline and Create Text.

15. Return to the stage by clicking the Scene 1 tab. There are three icons at the bottom of the
timeline: New Layer, New Folder, and Delete. To add a new layer, click New Layer. Layer 2
should be renamed Text. Prior to that, rename Layer 1a as Button.

20
16. To add text to each button, use the Text Tool. Introduction, Navigation, Map, Gallery, and
Video are the sections of the book. After locking the Button layer, click on the Text layer to
make it the active layer. Used Align tool to align the text.
17. On top of the button, you may place a logo. Import to Stage may be accessed through File ->
Import -> Import to Stage. Select the logo file (*.png, *.jpg, etc.) and click Open.

Action Script.

18. To link the button with the associated *.swf file, we must add an action script to it. Right-
click the Introduction button, for example and select Actions.

LAB 2 ( NAVIGATION).

In this Lab, we will show you how to navigate the project. We can move about by utilising
buttons and action scripts. Previously, we generated the Navigation.fla file.

1. Navigate to Navigation.fla and MainMenu.fla, then click OK. Copy the object button from
MainMenu.fla and put it into Navigation.fla to save time. Drag four buttons from the Library
and crete new layer for the text of button and name each button.
2. Then the content can be create by adding the new layer for content and you can put the
content in each column as label.
3. To adding the picture or map, the tools of import to library can be used.

21
4. The next step is to prevent the material from looping. Make a new layer and call it the script.
At layer script, right-click on frame1 and select Actions. Stop() should be typed in the Action
Script editor. Alternatively, go to +> Global Functions>Timelines Control >stop. Then, give
the script to the Action.

LAB 3 (ZOOM AND DRAG (PAN))

Viewing a map without the ability to zoom and manipulate the map results in a rudimentary and
non-interactive map. We will learn how to make zoom and drag effects in this section.

1. Open the map.fla file. Ctrl + Alt + Shift + R to go to View > Rulers. Drag guidelines from
the Ruler on the top and left sides of the stage using the Selection Tool then rename the layer
as a background. Create New Layer, and name it mapmc.

22
2. At layer mapmc, draw a rectangle shape. Double-click the rectangle shape, then right-click
and select Convert to Symbol from the menu that appears. Name: masking mc, Type: Movie
Clip in the Convert to Symbol pop-up Top-left registration, then OK.
3. To make the map match the stage, we must conceal it. Make a new layer and call it masking.
Masking drag the masking mcto the stage at layer. Before utilising guidelines, place it in the
location we've designated.
4. Now you must create an action script for drag or pan. Make a new layer and call it action.
5. The following step is to add a zoom effect. We must design two (2) buttons to indicate
ZoomIn and ZoomOut. Make a new layer and call it button. Then, to generate the zooming
effect, write an action script. Make sure that action-script is in two places.

LAB 4 (ATTACHMOVIE).

1. In this activity, we use the attach- movie action script command to create an image gallery.
FileGallery.fla should now be open. Layer 1 should be renamed to the button. The rectangle
toll was then used to create the button, which was converted to the symbol btnAttach.

23
2. Add six (6) buttons to the stage. Select all of the buttons and use Align Bottom Edge and
Distribute Horizontal Center to align them properly. The buttons should be positioned in the
manner shown below.
3. To make the primary object for the attach-movie. Make a layer image. Draw a rectangle in
the bottom left corner of the stage. Convert the rectangle to a symbol by right-clicking it
and naming it Main mc. Place the Registration in the bottom-left corner.
4. Then, import all picture to library and drag to the stage and convert to symbol all picture as
movie clip. After that crete an action script linkage between movie-clips and the main
object. After that put the action script for button too.

LAB 5 (SOUND)

1. Audio enhances the impression of the flash clip and frequently increases the viewer's
attention. Audio files can be utilised as event sounds, button sounds, and so on. Launch
MainMenu.fla and Make three buttons: play, pause, and stop. (You may obtain the buttons
by going to Window > Common libraries > Buttons.) All of the buttons should be dragged
to the Library Panel. Place the buttons in the bottom left corner of MainMenu.
2. Give each button an instance name such as play btn, pause btn, and stop btn.

24
 3. Create the action and put the action script for it. Then import the audio file to the library.
Make sure the audion is convert to .wav. Test the sound file by pressing the play button.
Then right-click on the sound file and choose properties.

LAB 6 & 7 (ANIMATION AND VIDEO).

For this lab the step is same like to crete the button but the crollbar need the movie clip action as
for the button dragged and the scrollbar. The instant name for each layer of button, scrollbar and
the dragger are important namely because the script action name and the instant name have to be
same.

Then for the video the video can be import into the adobe flash directly or convert it into *.FLV.

25
SUMMARY

The Adobe Flash Player isone of the software that help in creating a web but it was old plug-in.
The Adobe Flash Player uses as a making or creating a content that can be used to play videos,
games and other interactive content. But in recent year the use of this software is not longer get
the popularity among people. There are several explanations for this drop in popularity. Because
Flash Player is an older plug-in, it has grown increasingly exposed to internet dangers such as
viruses and hackers. For security reasons, most web browsers have begun to disable Flash Player
content by default. Furthermore, because Flash Player was developed for desktop computers, it
performs poorly when showing content on mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets.

26