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Unit Iii: Rectilinear Motion: 3. Law of Action and Reaction: For Every Action Upon A Body, It Exerts An Equal, Opposite

This document covers two modules on rectilinear motion: Module 4 discusses Newton's laws of motion and the relationship between force, mass, and acceleration. Module 5 discusses D'Alembert's principle, which states that static conditions in an accelerating body can be produced by adding an imaginary reversed effective force equal to the weight times acceleration over gravity. The document provides examples applying these principles to calculate acceleration, tension, and coefficients of friction in problems involving blocks moving on surfaces or suspended by cords. Exercises at the end direct students to solve similar problems involving blocks under acceleration.

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Mark Joshua A. Dampil
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51 views

Unit Iii: Rectilinear Motion: 3. Law of Action and Reaction: For Every Action Upon A Body, It Exerts An Equal, Opposite

This document covers two modules on rectilinear motion: Module 4 discusses Newton's laws of motion and the relationship between force, mass, and acceleration. Module 5 discusses D'Alembert's principle, which states that static conditions in an accelerating body can be produced by adding an imaginary reversed effective force equal to the weight times acceleration over gravity. The document provides examples applying these principles to calculate acceleration, tension, and coefficients of friction in problems involving blocks moving on surfaces or suspended by cords. Exercises at the end direct students to solve similar problems involving blocks under acceleration.

Uploaded by

Mark Joshua A. Dampil
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIT III: RECTILINEAR MOTION

This unit covers Module 4 (Newton’s Laws of Motion, Relation between Force,
Mass and Acceleration) and Module 5 (D’ Alembert’s Principle).

MODULE 4

Newton’s Laws of Motion, Relation between Force, Mass and Acceleration

This module is consists of concepts, principles and formulas to enhance the


knowledge of the learners to analyze problems in rectilinear motion.

The motion of a rigid body is said to be rectilinear translation if the motion of each
particle of the body is along a straight line.

A rigid body is a system of particles which always have a fixed relation to each other.

NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION

1. Law of Inertia.: A body remains at rest or continues in uniform motion along a straight
line unless it is impelled by an external force to change that state.

2. Law of mass and acceleration: A body acted upon by an external force receives an
acceleration in the direction of the force that is proportional to the force and inversely
proportional to the mass of the body.

F
a = -------
m

3. Law of action and reaction: For every action upon a body, it exerts an equal, opposite
and co-linear reaction.

In order to obtain the number of mass units in a given quantity of matter, the weight in
Newton’s must be divided by the acceleration g = 9.8 m/s2.

W W
m = ------- or F = ma = ------- a
g g

EXERCISES:

Activity: Memorize the Three Laws of Motion and prepare for a recitation on next
meeting.

1
MODULE 5

D’ Alembert’s Principle

This module is consists of concepts, principles, formulas, solved problems and


activities to enhance the knowledge and skills of the learners to analyze and solve
problems in rectilinear motion.

D'Alembert's principle, also known as the Lagrange–d'Alembert principle, is a


statement of the fundamental classical laws of motion. It is named after its discoverer,
the French physicist and mathematician Jean le Rond d'Alembert

D’ ALEMBERT’S PRINCIPLE

Static conditions may be produced in a body possessing acceleration by the


addition of an imaginary called Reversed Effective Force (REF) whose magnitude is
Wa/g acting through the center of gravity of the body, and parallel but opposite in
direction to the acceleration.

EXAMPLE 1. The block shown attains a velocity of 12 m/s in a distance of 40 m starting


rest. Compute the coefficient of kinetic friction between the block and the floor.

W=200N P = 100 N

Required: f or µ

Given:

Vf = 12 m/s

S = 40 m

V0 = 0

FBD of the Block: a (motion)

200 N

REF 100 N

F = fN = 200f

N = 200N

2
Solve for a:

vf2 = vo2 + 2 as

122 = 0 + 2 a (40)

a = 1.8 m/s2

Consider FBD of the Block:

Σ Fx = 0; +

100 – 200f – REF = 0

REF = 100 – 200f eqn. 1

But: REF = W/g (a) = 200/9.8 (1.8)

REF = 36.73 N eqn. 2

Eqt. 1 & 2:

100 – 200f = 36.73 N

f = 0.316 ans

3
2. An elevator weighing 22.2 kN moving downward with constant acceleration travels a
distance of 30m during the interval of time t = 0 to t = 10 sec. Assuming the initial
velocity zero and neglecting all resistances, find the tension in the supporting cable
during this time?

REF

W = 22.2 KN

Required: T

Given:

S = 30 m

t = 10 sec

vo = 0

Solution:

S = v0t + ½ at2

30 = 0 + ½ a (10)2

a = 0.60 m/s2

Cons. FBD of the elevator:

Σ Fy = 0; +

T + REF – 22.2 = 0

REF = -T + 22.2 eqn. 1

4
But: REF = W/g (a) = 22.2/9.8 (0.6)

REF = 1.36 KN eqn. 2

Eqt. 1 & 2:

-T + 22.2 = 1.36

T = 20.84 KN ans

5
EXERCISES:

DIRECTION: On short bond paper, answer the following activity correctly and honestly.
Submit the Photo or e-copy of your answer sheet via Google Classroom on or before
the due date stated in the instruction on the Classwork of the Google Classroom.

Activity 1. A weight is suspended from the accelerating frame shown by two cords A
and B. Determine the acceleration of the frame which will cause the tension in cord B to
be twice that in cord A. (Ans. a = 1.89 m/s2)
a

A 600 600 B

Activity 2. Determine the acceleration of block A in the figure. Disregard the masses of
the cord and pulleys and friction in the pulleys. (Ans. a = 1.96 m/s2)

a/2
A
150 kg

B
100 Kg

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