1.

Which of the following circuit is designed to dissipate heat produced in the

machine?
a) Electric circuit
b) Magnetic circuit
c) Dielectric circuit
d) Thermal circuit

Answer: d
Explanation: A thermal circuit in electrical machine design deals with the mode and
media to dissipate heat produced in the machine. The heat produced in the machine
leads to losses.

2. Which of the following materials is generally used in the design of

electromagnetic machines?
a) Paramagnetic materials
b) Diamagnetic materials
c) Ferromagnetic materials
d) Core-magnetic materials

Answer: c
Explanation: Ferromagnetic materials can strongly act like a magnet when placed in a
magnetic field. They are exhibited by materials such as iron, cobalt, nickel, etc.
Ferromagnetic materials are generally used in electromagnetic machines.

3. What must be mainly ensured to keep the temperature rise within limits?
a) Good efficiency of the machine
b) Proper cooling and ventilation
c) Proper saturation level
d) Good insulation

Answer: b
Explanation: Temperature rise will affect the life of the insulation. Thus, proper cooling
and ventilation must be ensured according to electric machine design to keep the
temperature rise within limits. The coolant flowing will absorb the heat from machine
parts.
 4. Which of the following kind of conductors will require thicker insulation?
a) Large sized conductor
b) Small-sized conductor
c) Conductors with high permeance
d) Conductors with low permeance

Answer: a
Explanation: Maximum voltage stress and mechanical stress is necessary to determine
the size of insulation. Thus, if two electrical machines operate at the same voltage,
large-sized conductors will need thicker insulation.

5. Which of the following factor mainly determines the type of insulation for an
electrical machine?
a) Maximum allowable flux density
b) Maximum operating temperature
c) Maximum efficiency of the machine
d) Maximum allowable loss in machine

Answer: b
Explanation: Temperature rise affects the life of the insulation which can further reduce
the operating life of the machine. Thus, maximum operating temperature determines the
type of insulation for an electrical machine.

6. How should be the magnetic and electrical loadings in a highly efficient electric
machine?
a) It must be small
b) It must be large
c) It must be equal to the current density
d) It must be equal to the flux density

Answer: a
Explanation: To reduce operating costs the efficiency of the machine must be made
higher. The magnetic and electrical loadings in a highly efficient electric machine must
be small and use more material.
 7. What kind of emf is produced in an electric machine when the coil is stationary
and flux varies with time?
a) Transformer emf
b) Motional emf
c) Interactional emf
d) Induction emf

Answer: a
Explanation: Transformer emf also called the pulsational emf is produced when the coil
is stationary and flux varies with time. No energy conversion takes place in this process.
This kind of emf is generated in a transformer.

8. What kind of materials are used to design electrical heating devices?

a) High Conductivity Materials
b) High Resistivity Materials
c) High Weldability Materials
d) High Solderability Materials

Answer: b
Explanation: High resistive materials are used to make resistances or heating devices as
we require to dissipate electrical energy as heat. These are generally obtained by using
an alloy of different metals.

9. What are the main dimensions of a rotating electric machine?

a) Field diameter and Armature core length
b) Armature diameter and Field core length
c) Armature diameter and Armature core length
d) Field diameter and Field core length

Answer: c
Explanation: The armature is the part of the machine that carries AC. The main
dimensions in a rotating electric machine are said to be the Armature diameter and
Armature core length.
10. What determines the output of a dc electric machine?
a) Only Total Magnetic loading
b) Only Total Electric loading
c) Total loadings
d) Either Total Magnetic loading or Total Electric loading

Answer: c
Explanation: The dc electric machine output is the product of Total Magnetic loading,
Total Electric loading, and speed in rps. Thus the output depends on total loadings.
 11. How will the size and cost of a rotating electric machine be if it is designed with
greater speed?
a) small size and more cost
b) small size and less cost
c) large size and more cost
d) large size and less cost

Answer: b
Explanation: The rotating electric machine designed with greater speed will have a
smaller size and lesser cost compared to other machines giving the same output but
designed at lesser speeds. This is because the volume of active parts of the machine
varies inversely with speed.

12. What is the relation between the output coefficient to the volume of active parts in
a rotating electric machine?
a) directly proportional
b) inversely proportional
c) equal to
d) No relation can be established

Answer: b
Explanation: The output coefficient and the volume of active parts in a rotating electric is
inversely proportional to each other. Thus, the size of the machine decreases with an
increase in output coefficient.

13. How should be the output coefficient of a rotating electric machine from an
economics point of view?
a) High
b Low
c) Moderate
d) Output coefficient does not affect the economics

Answer: a
Explanation: The rotating electric machine designed with a higher output coefficient will
have a smaller size and lesser cost. This volume of active parts of the machine varies
inversely with the output coefficient. Thus, the output coefficient of a rotating electric
machine must be high.
 14. How should be the specific loadings to design a machine with reduced
dimensions?
a) Increased values of specific loadings
b) Decreased values of specific loadings
c) Zero specific loadings
d) Moderate values of specific loadings

Answer: a
Explanation: The output coefficient is proportional to the product of specific magnetic
loading and specific electric loading. The output coefficient of a rotating electric machine
is inversely proportional to the output coefficient. Thus, increased values of specific
loadings will give a small size machine.

15. Where does maximum flux density occur in a well-designed electric machine?
a) In the rotor
b) In the air gap
c) In the teeth
d) In the poles

Answer: c
Explanation: The maximum flux density in a well-designed electric machine occurs in the
teeth of the machine. The flux density in teeth is directly proportional to the specific
magnetic loading.

16. Which of these factors does not determine the specific magnetic loading in
rotating machines?
a) Magnetizing current
b) Core loss
c) Maximum flux density in iron parts
d) Number of parallel paths

Answer: d
Explanation: The Magnetizing current, Core loss, and Maximum flux density in iron parts
of the machine are the factors that help in determining the specific magnetic loading in
rotating machines.
17. What is the other name for a short-pitched coil electrical machine?
a) Coiled
b) Commutated
c) Winded
d) Chorded

Answer: d
Explanation: Two coil sides can form a full pitched coil when they are spaced one pole
pitch apart. A coil span less than a pole pitch is called a short-pitched coil or chord.
 18. What kind of layer winding does a closed winding of an electric machine usually
have?
a) Single layer
b) Double layer
c) Single layer or Double layer
d) Mixture of single layer and double layer

Answer: b
Explanation: A double layer winding has identical coils where one coil side of each coil
lies in the top half portion of slot and another side on the bottom half of another slot.
Such a winding is used to make closed winding.

19. Why are tapered interpoles used in large DC electric machines?

a) To eliminate saturation at root of pole
b) To obtain higher speeds
c) To obtain maximum torque
d) To eliminate eddy current loss

Answer: a
Explanation: At heavy overloads saturation at the root of the pole may occur. Thus,
tapered interpoles are used to eliminate saturation at root of the pole.

20. Which part of an electric machine is designed to give the main magnetic flux?
a) Interpoles
b) Frame
c) Main poles
d) Commutator

Answer: c
Explanation: Main poles is the part of an electric machine that is designed to give the
main magnetic flux. This is present in the field system of the dc machine which is
responsible to produce magnetic flux for the necessary excitation.

21. Which of the following is used to connect the armature conductors to the
commutator?
a) vee-ring
b) Equalizer ring
c) Banding
d) Risers

Answer: c
Explanation: A commutator helps in rectifying the alternating current that is induced in
armature. A riser is used to connect the armature conductors to the commutator. Riser
segments are made of copper strips in a large machine.
 22. What process takes place in an electric machine when stationary is kept in a
time-varying field?
a) Energy conversion
b) Energy transference
c) Rotation of coil
d) Movement of coil

Answer: b
Explanation: Transformer emf is produced when the coil is stationary and flux varies with
time. No energy conversion takes place in this process thus, only energy transference
takes place. This kind of emf is generated in the transformer.

23. Which of the following is the same as the transformer emf?

a) Pulsational emf
b) Induction emf
c) Interactional emf
d) Motional emf

Answer: a
Explanation: Pulsational emf is also called the transformer emf. It is produced when the
coil is stationary and flux varies with time. Such emf is produced in a transformer and no
motion takes place in this machine.

24. How will be the size and cost of a rotating electric machine that has a higher
output coefficient be?
a) small size and more cost
b) small size and less cost
c) large size and more cost
d) large size and less cost

Answer: b
Explanation: The rotating electric machine designed with a higher output coefficient will
have a smaller size and lesser cost compared to other machines having a lower output
coefficient. This is because the volume of active parts of the machine varies inversely
with the output coefficient.
 25. How will high specific loading according to rotating electric machine affect the
efficiency?
a) Efficiency increases
b) Efficiency decreases
c) Efficiency may increase or decrease
d) Efficiency is not affected

Answer: b
Explanation: Higher the specific loading, lower will be the size and cost of the machine
but the efficiency, power factor, commutation conditions in dc machines are affected.
Thus, a suitable value of specific loadings needs to be selected.

26. What kind of layer winding in an electric machine occupies the whole slot by one
coil side of the coil?
a) Single layer
b) Double layer
c) Single layer or Double layer
d) Mixture of single layer and double layer

Answer: a
Explanation: A single layer winding occupies the whole slot by one coil side of the coil.
Such a winding is used to make open windings but is not used for closed windings.

27. What are the different types of interpoles in DC electric machines?

a) Parallel sided and Tapered
b) Open and closed
c) Single layer and double layer
d) Armature and field

Answer: a
Explanation: Interpoles are placed in a machine to improve the commutation conditions.
The two types of interpoles are Parallel sided and Tapered where tapered are generally
used for large machines.

28. What is the relation between hysteresis and the number of poles?
a) hysteresis loss decreases with an increase in number of poles
b) hysteresis loss increases with an increase in number of poles
c) hysteresis loss remains constant with an increase in number of poles
d) hysteresis loss may increase or decreases with an increase in number of poles

Answer: a
Explanation: Keeping the core area the same, the hysteresis loss for a 4 pole machine
will be half of that in a 2 pole machine. Thus, hysteresis loss decreases with an increase
in the number of poles.
 29. Which of these will increase with an increase in the number of poles?
a) Weight of field copper
b Number of commutator segments
c) Overall diameter of machine
d) Weight of armature copper

Answer: b
Explanation: The weight of field copper, armature copper, and the overall diameter of the
machine decreases with an increase in the number of poles. The number of commutator
segments will increase with an increase in the number of poles.

30. How should be the value of field mmf to prevent excessive distortion of field form
by armature reaction in an electric machine?
a) large compared to armature mmf
b) small compared to armature mmf
c) zero
d) large or small compared to armature mmf

Answer: a
Explanation: The field mmf must be large compared to armature mmf to prevent
excessive distortion of field form by armature reaction. The air gap length can be made
large to reduce the distortion effect of armature reaction as a long air gap needs a large
field mmf.
31. Which of these windings are said to be bifurcated windings?
a) Whole coil winding
b) Semi-closed winding
c) half-coil winding
d) Hemitropic windings

Answer: a
Explanation: In electric machine design whole coil windings are also called bifurcated
windings. In such a winding, it can be seen that the coils that comprise a pair of pole
phase group are split into 2 sets of concentric coils.
32. How will the length of the air gap in a DC electric machine affect pulsational loss
in pole faces?
a) Pulsational loss increases with an increase in air gap length
b) Pulsational loss decreases with an increase in air gap length
c) Pulsational loss does not change with an increase in air gap length
d) Pulsational loss may increase or decrease with an increase in air gap length

Answer: b
Explanation: The change in air gap flux density is small when the length of the air gap is
increased. This is due to slotting. The pulsational loss in the pole face decreases with an
increase in air gap length.
 33. Which of these options are correct for a DC electric machine with a large air gap?
a) More pulsational loss in pole face
b) Quieter operation of the machine
c) Distorting effect of armature reaction more
d) No proper ventilation

Answer: b
Explanation: A DC electric machine with a large air gap has less pulsational loss in pole
face, quieter operation of the machine, less distorting effect of armature reaction, and
improved ventilation.
34. How should be the number of slots in a DC electric machine for better cooling of
armature conductors?
a) Large number of slots
b) Less number of slots
c) Slots equal to the number of poles
d) Number of slots depends on commutation

Answer: a
Explanation: A large number of slots will require fewer conductors per slot and only
fewer conductors are bunched together. For better cooling of armature conductors, a
large number of slots are needed.
35. Which of the following circuit is made to insulate one conductor from another?
a) Electric circuit
b) Magnetic circuit
c) Dielectric circuit
d) Thermal circuit

Answer: c
Explanation: A dielectric circuit in electrical machine design has insulation that is used to
insulate one conductor from another. They are also used to insulate the windings and
the core.
36. How is the saturation level of ferromagnetic materials determined in electrical
machines?
a) Using maximum allowable flux density
b) Using specific permeance
c) Using the linear velocity of material
d) Using maximum allowable loss

Answer: a
Explanation: The maximum allowable flux density helps in determining the saturation
level of ferromagnetic materials. More the flux density more will be the excitation.
 36. What part of electric machines will the temperature rise mainly affect?
a) Conductance of winding
b) Insulation of machine
c) Speed of machine
d) Torque of machine

Answer: b
Explanation: Temperature rise will affect the life of the insulation. If insulation is affected
the life of the machine also decreases. Proper cooling and ventilation must be ensured
according to electric machine design to keep the temperature rise within limits.

37. How is the size of insulation determined?

a) By maximum voltage stress and maximum saturation
b) By mechanical stress
c) By maximum saturation and mechanical stress
d) By maximum voltage stress and mechanical stress

Answer: d
Explanation: Maximum voltage stress and mechanical stress is necessary to determine
the size of insulation. In case if two machines operate at the same voltage, large-sized
conductors will need thicker insulation

38. How many methods are present to obtain all the machine performance
characteristics?
a) 3
b) 2
c) 1
d) 4

Answer: b
Explanation: There are 2 methods in obtaining all the open circuit characteristics. They
are no load characteristics and short circuit characteristics.
39. How many components does the no load current characteristics comprise of?
a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 1

Answer: a
Explanation: There are 2 main components under the no load current. They are
Magnetizing current and Loss component of current.
 40. How is the Magnetizing component with respect to the voltage?
a) the magnetizing component is in phase with the voltage
b) the magnetizing component is 90° leading the voltage
c) the magnetizing component is 90° lagging the voltage
d) the magnetizing component is 90° out of phase with the voltage

Answer: d
Explanation: The magnetizing current component is 90° out of phase with the voltage.
The loss component is in phase with the voltage.

41. How many parts does the flux produced by stator mmf passes through?
a) 3
b) 4
c) 5
d) 6

Answer: c
Explanation: The flux produced by stator mmf passes through 5 parts. They are air gap,
rotor teeth, rotor core, stator teeth, stator core.
42. The flux is distributed sinusoidally and the mmf varies sinusoidally in a DC
Machine.
a) true
b) false

Answer: b
Explanation: In a DC Machine, the flux is assumed to be uniform over any cross section
and the same mmf for all the paths. But in an induction machine, the flux is distributed
sinusoidally, and the mmf varies sinusoidally.

43. What factors does the value of magnetizing current depend on?
a) flux tube
b) output power
c) mean mmf
d) mean mmf and flux tube

Answer: d
Explanation: If the permeability of iron were constant this would cause no difficulty. The
value of magnetizing current would be accurately obtained by considering the mean mmf
and the flux tube where this mean occurs.
 44. When maximum values of the design factors are considered, what is the relation
between flux and the magnetizing current?
a) flux is directly proportional to the magnetizing current
b) flux is indirectly proportional to the magnetizing current
c) flux is directly proportional to square of the magnetizing current
d) flux is indirectly proportional to square of the magnetizing current

Answer: b
Explanation: The flux value is indirectly proportional to the magnetizing current. The flux
is too small or rather the magnetizing current becomes high.

45. At what angle with respect to the interpolar axis does the flux tube gives a good
approximation?
a) 30°
b) 45°
c) 60°
d) 90°

Answer: c
Explanation: The flux tube crossing the air gap at 60° from the interpolar axis will always
give a good approximation. The calculation of the magnetizing mmf should be based
upon the value of the flux density at 60° from the interpolar axis.

46. What is the formula for mmf for air gap?

a) mmf for air gap = 800000 * air gap flux density * air gap factor * length of air
gap
b) mmf for air gap = 800000 / air gap flux density * air gap factor * length of air
gap
c) mmf for air gap = 800000 * air gap flux density / air gap factor * length of air
gap
d) mmf for air gap = 800000 * air gap flux density * air gap factor / length of air
gap

Answer: a
Explanation: For calculating the mmf for air gap, the air gap flux density is first
calculated. Next the air gap factor is calculated along with the length of air gap.
 47. What is the formula for the mmf required for stator teeth?
a) mmf required for stator teeth = mmf per metre + depth of stator slots
b) mmf required for stator teeth = mmf per metre * depth of stator slots
c) mmf required for stator teeth = mmf per metre / depth of stator slots
d) mmf required for stator teeth = mmf per metre – depth of stator slots

Answer: b
Explanation: First the mmf per meter is obtained separately from its design equation.
Then the depth of the stator slots is obtained and the product of both gives mmf required
for stator teeth.

48. What is the formula for the mmf required for stator teeth?
a) stator teeth mmf = mmf per metre / length of flux path in rotor core
b) stator teeth mmf = mmf per metre + length of flux path in rotor core
c) stator teeth mmf = mmf per metre * length of flux path in rotor core
d) stator teeth mmf = mmf per metre – length of flux path in rotor core

Answer: c
Explanation: First the mmf per meter of stator slots is calculated by its equation. Then
the length of the flux path in rotor core is obtained and the product of both gives the
stator teeth mmf value.

49. How many factors influence the power factor of an induction motor?
a) 3
b) 2
c) 1
d) 4

Answer: b
Explanation: There are 2 factors which influence the power factor of an induction motor.
They are magnetizing current and ideal short circuit current.

50. What is the relation between the magnetizing current and power factor?
a) magnetizing current is directly proportional to the power factor
b) magnetizing current is indirectly proportional to the power factor
c) magnetizing current is directly proportional to the square of the power factor
d) magnetizing current is indirectly proportional to the square of the power factor

Answer: a
Explanation: Magnetizing current is indirectly proportional to the power factor. As the
magnetizing current is large, the power factor is poor.
 51. What is the relation between the leakage current and power factor?
a) leakage current is directly proportional to the power factor
b) leakage current is indirectly proportional to the power factor
c) leakage current is directly proportional to the square of the power factor
d) leakage current is indirectly proportional to the square of the power factor

Answer: b
Explanation: Leakage current is indirectly proportional to the power factor. A small
leakage current means a very good power factor.

52. What is the formula for dispersion coefficient?

a) dispersion coefficient = magnetizing current / ideal short circuit current
b) dispersion coefficient = magnetizing current * ideal short circuit current
c) dispersion coefficient = magnetizing current + ideal short circuit current
d) dispersion coefficient = magnetizing current – ideal short circuit current

Answer: a
Explanation: First the magnetizing current is calculated. Next the ideal short circuit
current is calculated. The ratio of both gives the value of dispersion coefficient.

53. What is the formula for dispersion coefficient?

a) dispersion coefficient = 0.838 * 106 * 3.14 / air gap length * effective specific
permeance / pole pitch * (window space factor)2 * number of slots per pole per
phase
b) dispersion coefficient = 0.838 * 106 * 3.14 * air gap length / effective specific
permeance / pole pitch * (window space factor)2 * number of slots per pole per
phase
c) dispersion coefficient = 0.838 * 106 * 3.14 * air gap length * effective specific
permeance * pole pitch * (window space factor)2 * number of slots per pole per
phase
d) dispersion coefficient = 0.838 * 106 * 3.14 * air gap length * effective specific
permeance / pole pitch * (window space factor)2 * number of slots per pole per
phase

Answer: d
Explanation: For the calculation of dispersion coefficient, first the air gap length, effective
specific permeance is calculated. Next the pole pitch, window space factor and the
number of slots per pole per phase.
 54. The increase in number of poles, the dispersion coefficient increases and this
gives a low power factor.
a) true
b) false

Answer: a
Explanation: The increase in number of poles increases the dispersion coefficient.
The increases in dispersion coefficient gives a low power factor.

55. What is the relation between the number of poles and pole pitch with power
factor?
a) number of poles increases, pole pitch increases, bad power factor
b) number of poles increases, pole pitch decreases, good power factor
c) number of poles increases, pole pitch decreases, good power factor
d) number of poles increases, pole pitch increases, bad power factor

Answer: c
Explanation: As the number of poles increases, the pole pitch decreases and the
number of slots per pole per phase also decreases. This increases the dispersion
coefficient and it leads to poor power factor.

56. What is the relation between the power factor and the air gap length?
a) small air gap length, dispersion coefficient increases, good power factor
b) small air gap length, dispersion coefficient decreases, bad power factor
c) small air gap length, dispersion coefficient increases, bad power factor
d) small air gap length, dispersion coefficient decreases, good power factor

Answer: d
Explanation: If the air gap length is small, the dispersion coefficient decreases. As the
dispersion coefficient decreases, the power factor increases.

57. What is the relation between the dispersion coefficient and maximum power
factor?
a) dispersion coefficient is directly proportional to the power factor
b) dispersion coefficient is indirectly proportional to the power factor
c) dispersion coefficient is directly proportional to the square of the power factor
d) dispersion coefficient is indirectly proportional to the square of the power factor

Answer: b
Explanation: The dispersion coefficient is indirectly proportional to the maximum power
factor. As the dispersion coefficient increases, the power factor reduces drastically.
 58. What is the value of the no. of poles for obtaining a dispersion coefficient = 0.5?
a) 5
b) 7
c) 10
d) 6

Answer: d
Explanation: The machines with 6 poles can result in a dispersion coefficient of 0.5. The
dispersion coefficient of 0.5 can be obtained for 2 pole and 4 pole machines also.

59. What is the relation between the overload capacity and dispersion coefficient?
a) overload capacity is directly proportional to the dispersion coefficient
b) overload capacity is indirectly proportional to the dispersion coefficient
c) overload capacity is directly proportional to the square of the dispersion
coefficient
d) overload capacity is indirectly proportional to the square of the dispersion
coefficient

Answer: b
Explanation: Overload capacity is indirectly proportional to the dispersion coefficient. The
overload capacity of induction motors decreases with an increase in the dispersion
coefficient.

60. What is the relation between the overload capacity and magnetizing current?
a) overload capacity is directly proportional to the magnetizing current
b) overload capacity is indirectly proportional to the magnetizing current
c) overload capacity is directly proportional to the square of the magnetizing
current
d) overload capacity is indirectly proportional to the square of the magnetizing
current

Answer: a
Explanation: Overload capacity is directly proportional to the magnetizing current.
Overload capacity increases the magnetizing current and this increases the dispersion
coefficient and this gives a poor power factor.
61. What is the relation between the ideal short circuit current and the number of
poles?
a) short circuit current is directly proportional to the number of poles
b) short circuit current is directly proportional to the square of the number of poles
c) short circuit current is indirectly proportional to the number of poles
d) short circuit current is indirectly proportional to the square of the number of
poles
Answer: c
Explanation: The ideal short circuit current is indirectly proportional to the number of
poles. As the number of poles increases, the ideal short circuit current decreases.
 62. What is the relation between maximum power and the number of poles?
a) maximum power factor is directly proportional to the number of poles
b) maximum power factor is directly proportional to the square of the number of
poles
c) maximum power factor is indirectly proportional to the number of poles
d) maximum power factor is indirectly proportional to the square of the number of
poles

Answer: c
Explanation: Short circuit current is indirectly proportional to the number of poles. The
short circuit current increases the dispersion coefficient. As the dispersion coefficient
increases, the maximum power factor decreases.

63. The magnetizing current decreases as the number of poles is decreased.

a) true
b) false

Answer: a
Explanation: As the number of poles is reduced the magnetizing current is reduced. As
the magnetizing current is reduced, the dispersion coefficient decreases and the power
factor increases.

64. How many losses are present in induction motors?

a) 4
b) 3
c) 5
d) 2

Answer: c
Explanation: There are 5 losses present in the induction motor. They are i) Stator copper
losses, ii) Rotor copper losses, iii) Stator iron losses, iv) Friction and winding losses, v)
Additional losses.

65. What is the formula for efficiency at full load?

a) efficiency at full load = output / output + losses
b) efficiency at full load = output / output – losses
c) efficiency at full load = output / output * losses
d) efficiency at full load = output * output + losses

Answer: a
Explanation: First the various losses are calculated for the machine. Then the output
obtained is observed and the substitution of the values in the formula gives the efficiency
at full load.
 66. How many types of additional losses are present?
a) 1
b) 4
c) 2
d) 3

Answer: c
Explanation: The additional losses are divided into 2 types. They are i) Additional copper
loss ii) Additional iron losses.

67. What factor does the additional copper losses depend upon?
a) skin effect
b) mmf harmonics
c) machine design
d) mmf harmonics and skin effect

Answer: d
Explanation: With a sinusoidal voltage impressed over the terminal of the motor, the
additional copper losses are caused. They are caused due to the higher order mmf
harmonics and skin effect.

68. The additional losses owing to the higher order mmf harmonics occur mainly in
windings of squirrel cage rotor.
a) true
b) false

Answer: a
Explanation: The additional losses are depending on the higher order mmf harmonics
and skin effect. The losses occur mainly in the squirrel cage rotor.

69. How can the additional losses be decreased in the induction motor?
a) chording the stator winding
b) skewing the rotor
c) having a proper slot combination
d) chording the stator winding, skewing the rotor, having a proper slot
combination

Answer: d
Explanation: There are 3 methods to decrease the additional losses in induction motor.
They are chording the stator winding, skewing the rotor, having a proper slot
combination.
 70. What is the use of skin effects in the induction motor?
a) it helps in improving the efficiency
b) it helps in improving the stopping characteristics
c) it helps in improving the starting characteristics
d) it helps in improving the running characteristics

Answer: c
Explanation: The skin effect phenomenon is observed in stator and rotor windings in the
induction motor. The effect may be used for improving starting characteristics.

71. What should be the maximum permissible level for frequency in normal operating
conditions?
a) < 2 Hz
b) > 3 Hz
c) < 4 Hz
d) > 3 Hz

Answer: b
Explanation: The normal condition operation depends upon the frequency levels in the
machine. It should not exceed 3 Hz.

72. How many types are the additional losses in iron classified into?
a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 5

Answer: a
Explanation: The additional iron losses are classified into 2 types. They are i) pulsation
losses and ii) surface losses.

73. The pulsation losses are caused by the direct axis pulsation of magnetic flux.
a) true
b) false

Answer: a
Explanation: The pulsation losses are one type of additional iron losses produced. They
are produced by the direct axis pulsation of magnetic flux due to the variation of
permeance caused by the continuous change in mutual positions of rotor and stator
teeth during rotation of rotor.
 74. . How much does the addition iron losses relate with the supplied power?
a) additional iron losses = 0.5% of supplied power
b) additional iron losses = 0.6% of supplied power
c) additional iron losses = 0.8% of supplied power
d) additional iron losses = 0.9% of supplied power

Answer: a
Explanation: The additional iron losses are a small amount when compared with the
supplied power. They are 0.5% of the supplied power.

75. What type of winding is generally used for the stators?

a) double layer wave winding
b) double layer lap winding
c) single layer wave winding
d) single layer lap winding

Answer: b
Explanation: The double layer wave winding is generally used for stators. The wave
winding is with diamond coils is used for stators.

76. What type of winding is made use of small motors?

a) single layer mush winding
b) single layer lap winding
c) single layer wave winding
d) double layer wave winding

Answer: a
Explanation: Small motors consisting of small number of slots have a large number of
turns per phase. These small motors use single layer mush windings.

77. What class does the slot and phase insulation belong to?
a) B
b) Y
c) H
d) E

Answer: d
Explanation: The modern insulating materials for diamond coils belong to class E, B and
F. The slot and phase insulation is Polyester foil coated with compressed fibre for Class
E.
 78. What class does the plastic foil baked with polyamide fibres belong to?
a) Y
b) B
c) F
d) H

Answer: c
Explanation: The modern insulating materials for diamond coils belong to classes E, B,
and F. The plastic foil baked with polyamide fibres belong to class F.

79. What is the formula for flux per pole?

a) flux per pole = average magnetic flux * pole pitch * length
b) flux per pole = average magnetic flux / pole pitch * length
c) flux per pole = average magnetic flux * pole pitch / length
d) flux per pole = average magnetic flux * pole pitch + length

Answer: a
Explanation: First the average magnetic flux is calculated. Then the pole pitch is
calculated and then the length of the pole is calculated.

80. What is the initial assumption for the value of winding factor?
a) 0.9
b) 0.95
c) 0.93
d) 0.92

Answer: b
Explanation: The winding factor may be initially assumed as 0.955. It is the value of
winding factor for infinitely distributed winding with full pitch coils.

81. What is the formula for stator turns per phase?

a) stator turns per phase = Stator voltage per phase / 4.44 * f * maximum flux /
stator winding factor
b) stator turns per phase = Stator voltage per phase * 4.44 * f * maximum flux *
stator winding factor
c) stator turns per phase = Stator voltage per phase / 4.44 * f * maximum flux *
stator winding factor
d) stator turns per phase = Stator voltage per phase * 4.44 * f * maximum flux /
stator winding factor

Answer: c
Explanation: For the finding out of stator turns per phase, first the stator voltage per
phase is obtained. Next, the maximum flux is calculated, then the stator winding factor is
calculated.
 82. What should be the range of current density in the stator windings?
a) 2-5 A per mm2
b) 4-5 A per mm2
c) 3-5 A per mm2
d) 2-3 A per mm2

Answer: c
Explanation: The minimum value for the current density in stator winding is 3 A per mm 2.
The maximum value of the current density in the stator windings should not exceed 5 A
per mm2.
83. For the lower values of current, round conductors would be convenient to use.
a) true
b) false

Answer: a
Explanation: For lower values of current, round conductors would be the most
convenient to use while for higher current bars. It should be less than

This set of Design of Electrical Machines Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Types of Synchronous Machines”.

84., How many categories can the synchronous motors be divided into?
a) 4
b) 3
c) 5
d) 2

Answer: c
Explanation: The synchronous motors can be divided into 5 types of categories. They
are hydro-generators turbo-alternators, engine driven generators, motors,
compensators.

85. How is the hydro-generator driven by?

a) water turbine
b) steam turbine
c) internal combustion engines
d) control of reactive power networks

Answer: a
Explanation: The synchronous generators which are driven by the water turbines are
called as hydro-generators. The hydro-generators are also known as water wheel
generators.
 86. What is the rating of the hydro-generators?
a) 750 MW
b) 1000 MW
c) 20 MW
d) 700 MW

Answer: a
Explanation: The synchronous generators which are driven by the water turbines are
called as hydro-generators. The rating of the synchronous generators is 750 MW.

87. What is the speed by which the hydro-generators are driven?

a) 100-1000 rpm
b) 5000 rpm
c) 1500 rpm
d) 3000 rpm

Answer: a
Explanation: The synchronous generators which are driven by the water turbines are
called as hydro-generators. The hydro-generators are driven at a speed of 100-1000
rpm.

88. How is the turbo-alternators driven by?

a) water turbines
b) steam turbines
c) engine driven generators
d) compensators

Answer: b
Explanation: The turbo alternators are one category among the synchronous machines.
They are driven by the steam turbines.

89. What is the speed of the turbo-alternators?

a) 100-1000 rpm
b) 5000 rpm
c) 1500 rpm
d) 3000 rpm

Answer: d
Explanation: The turbo alternators are one category among the synchronous machines.
They are driven by steam turbines. The rating of the turbo-alternators is 3000 rpm.
 90. What is the rating of the turbo-alternators?
a) 750 MW
b) 1000 MW
c) 20 MW
d) 700 MW

Answer: b
Explanation: The turbo alternators are one category among the synchronous machines.
They are driven by the steam turbines. The speed of the turbo-alternators is 1000 MW.
91. How is the engine driven generators driven by?
a) water turbines
b) steam turbines
c) internal combustion engine
d) compensators

Answer: c
Explanation: The engine driven generators are driven by the different forms of internal
combustion engine. These generators have higher speeds for higher power ratings.
92. What is the rating of the engine driven generators?
a) 750 MW
b) 1000 MW
c) 20 MW
d) 700 MW

Answer: c
Explanation: The engine driven generators are driven by the different forms of internal
combustion engine. These generators have higher speeds for higher power ratings.
These generators have ratings upto 20 MW.
93. What is the speed of the engine driven generators?
a) 100-1000 rpm
b) 5000 rpm
c) 1500 rpm
d) 3000 rpm

Answer: c
Explanation: The engine driven generators are driven by the different forms of internal
combustion engine. These generators have higher speeds for higher power ratings.
These generators have speed of 1500 rpm.
94. The synchronous motors are cheaper than the induction motors.
a) true
b) false

Answer: a
Explanation: The synchronous motors are cheaper than the induction motors. They have
high power lower speed applications and are cheaper when compared to the induction
motors.
95. Which among the following are the applications of synchronous motors?
a) compressors
b) blowers
c) fans
d) compressors, fans, blowers

Answer: d
Explanation: They are mainly used in the high power and low speed applications. They
include compressors, fans, blowers and low head pumps.

96. What is the application of synchronous compensators?

a) control of real power
b) control of active power
c) control of reactive power
d) control of apparent power

Answer: c
Explanation: The main application of the synchronous compensators is to control the
reactive powers. They are used in the power supply networks.

97. What is the rating of the synchronous generators?

a) 750 MVAr
b) 1000 MVAr
c) 100 MVAr
d) 700 MVAr

Answer: c
Explanation: The main application of the synchronous compensators is to control the
reactive powers. They are designed for ratings upto 100 MVAr.
98. What is the speed of the engine driven generators?
a) 100-1000 rpm
b) 5000 rpm
c) 1500 rpm
d) 3000 rpm

Answer: d
Explanation: The main application of the synchronous compensators is to control the
reactive powers. They are designed to speeds upto 3000 rpm.
 99. How many factors are involved in the construction of hydro-generators?
a) 11
b) 10
c) 9
d) 8

Answer: b
Explanation: The hydro-generators are the synchronous generators that are driven by
the water turbines. They are chosen based on 10 different categories.

100. Which factor does the constructional feature of the hydro-

generators depend on?
a) speed
b) voltage
c) power
d) current

Answer: a
Explanation: The constructional feature of hydro-generators are basically dependent
upon the mechanical considerations. The main mechanical consideration is speed of the
machine.

101. What factors does the speed of the machines depend upon?
a) head
b) blades
c) type of turbine used
d) head and type of turbine used

Answer: d
Explanation: The hydro-generators are generally low speed machines. The speed
depends upon the head and the type of turbines used.

102. Why is the stator core built up of laminations?

a) to reduce core loss
b) to reduce copper loss
c) to reduce iron loss
d) to reduce eddy current loss

Answer: d
Explanation: The stator core is built up of laminations in order to reduce the eddy current
loss. The loss in the laminated core is usually the single largest loss and hence the
choice of type and grade of steel is of utmost importance.
 103. The modern synchronous machines make use of non-directional
cold rolled steel.
a) true
b) false

Answer: a
Explanation: The modern synchronous machines make use of the non-directional cold
rolled steel which has electrical characteristics similar to that of the hot rolled steel. But
the non-directional cold rolled steel has much improved mechanical characteristics.

104. What is the thickness of the most commonly used grade for stator
laminations?
a) 0.5 mm
b) 1 mm
c) 1.5 mm
d) 2 mm

Answer: a
Explanation: The most commonly used grade for the stator laminations is grade 230.
The thickness of this most commonly used grade for the stator laminations is 0.5 mm.

105. What is the range of the outside diameter of the stator frame of the
large hydro-generator?
a) 3-18 m
b) 2-18 m
c) 3.5-18 m
d) 4-18 m

Answer: c
Explanation: The minimum value for the outside diameter of the stator frame of the large
hydro-generators is 3.5 m. The maximum value for the outside diameter of the stator
frame of the large hydro-generators is 18 m.

106. How are the stator windings of all synchronous generator

connected?
a) star-delta connection
b) star connection
c) star connection with neutral earthed
d) delta connected

Answer: c
Explanation: The stator windings of all the synchronous generator are connected in the
star connection with neutral earthing. The main advantage that the winding has to be
insulated to earth for the phase voltage and not the line voltage.
 107. What among the following is the advantages of the star
connection?
a) eliminates single frequency harmonics
b) eliminates double frequency harmonics
c) eliminates triple frequency harmonics
d) eliminates sinusoidal harmonics

Answer: c
Explanation: The hydro-generators stator windings are connected in the star connected
with the neutral earthed. It eliminates the triple frequency harmonics from the line
voltage.

108. The capacity of the pull out machines used for making the coils
limits the pole pitch to less than 0.8 m.
a) true
b) false

Answer: a
Explanation: The capacity of the pull out machines used for making the coils limits the
pole pitch to less than 0.8 m. The capacity of the pull out machines used for making coils
limits the length of slot portion to about 3 m.

109. What is the main advantage of a winding with multi-turns coils?

a) reduce the choosing of the value of stator slots
b) allows greater flexibility in selecting the value of stator slots
c) increases the flexibility in selecting the number of stator slots
d) has no effect on the number of stator slots

Answer: b
Explanation: The main advantage of a winding with multi-turns coils is that it allows a
greater flexibility in selecting the value of stator slots. It in turn helps in choosing the
required number of turns per phase.

110. What happens to the current in the windings during the sudden
short circuits at the line terminals?
a) the current reduces to 15 times the full load current
b) the current increases to 15 times the full load current
c) the current reduces to 10 times the full load current
d) the current increases to 10 times the full load current

Answer: b
Explanation: The current in the windings during short circuit at the line terminals
increases to about 15 times the full load current. It can also increase to higher level
depending on the direct axis sub-transient reactance.
111. What happens to the electromagnetic forces during the sudden
short circuits at the line terminals?
a) the electromagnetic forces get increased by 250 times the force under
normal full load condition
b) the electromagnetic forces get decreased by 250 times the force
under normal full load condition
c) the electromagnetic forces get increased by 200 times the force under
normal full load condition
d) the electromagnetic forces get decreased by 200 times the force
under normal full load condition

Answer: a
Explanation: The electromagnetic forces are directly proportional to the square of the
current. It increases by 250 times the force under normal full load conditions.

112. What should be done to the conductors in the overhang of the

stator?
a) bracing
b) shaving
c) punching
d) compressing

Answer: a
Explanation: The conductors in the overhang of the stator must be braced. Bracing is the
process of raising the mechanical strength of the conductors.

113. How many steel brackets are used along with the support to steel
rings?
a) 5
b) 7
c) 4-6
d) 5-9

Answer: c
Explanation: During the process of bracing one or two circular steel rings are used to
support the overhang. Along with the steel rings 4-6 steel brackets are also used.

114. What factor does the rotor body depends upon in the construction
of hydro-generators?
a) speed
b) voltage
c) peripheral voltage
 d) power

Answer: c
Explanation: In the hydro-generators the salient poles are attached to the rotor body.
The type of rotor body used depends in general on the peripheral speed.
115. Which machine makes use of the forged steel construction?
a) low speed
b) high speed
c) very high speed
d) medium speed

Answer: b
Explanation: The forged steel construction is made use for the high speed machines.
The earliest construction particularly at relatively low outputs consisted of a body and
shaft extension made as single forging.

116. In what type of generator is the thick rolled steel discs made use
of?
a) generators running at 400 rpm
b) generators running at 500 rpm
c) generators running at 600 rpm
d) generators running at 600 rpm and above

Answer: d
Explanation: Another type of rotor construction made use of in the hydro-generators is
the thick rolled steel discs. It is made use for the generators running at 600 rpm and
above.

117. What is the range of the length of the thick rolled sheets used in
the rotor design of the hydro generators?
a) 130-180 mm
b) 120-180 mm
c) 150-180 mm
d) 160-190 mm

Answer: b
Explanation: The minimum value of the length of the thick rolled sheets used in the rotor
design of the hydro-generators is 120 mm. The maximum value of the length of the thick
rolled sheets used in the rotor design of the hydro-generators is 180 mm.

118. The laminations used in the rotor body design is 1.8 mm.
a) true
b) false
Answer: a
Explanation: The laminations used in the rotor body design is 1.8 mm. They are in the
form of the overlapping segments tightly bolted.

119. For what peripheral speed of the machine is the segmental rim on
fabricated spider used?
a) >120 m per s
b) <120 m per s
c) >130 m per s
d) <130 m per s

Answer: d
Explanation: The segmental rim on fabricated spider is used for the machines whose
peripheral speed is upto 130 m per s. The advantage is it is easy to transport and
assemble at site.

120. For what peripheral speed is the poles bolted to the yoke?
a) 20 m per s
b) 30 m per s
c) 25 m per s
d) 27 m per s

Answer: c
Explanation: The poles are clamped or fixed to the rim in different ways. In case of the
generators the poles are bolted to the yoke when the peripheral speed is upto 25 m per
s.

121. What is the range of the peripheral speeds in the water wheel
generators?
a) 20 to 80 m per s
b) 20 to 50 m per s
c) 50 to 80 m per s
d) 30 to 70 m per s

Answer: a
Explanation: The minimum peripheral speed in the water wheel generators is 20 m per
sec. The maximum peripheral speed in the water wheel generators is 80 m per sec.

122. The length of the mean turn of the winding is smallest with circular
poles.
a) true
b) false
Answer: a
Explanation: The circular poles have a lot of advantages. The length of the mean turn of
the winding is smallest with circular poles and therefore cost is reduced. The copper
losses are also less.

123. Why are damper windings used in the construction of hydro-

generators?
a) to control losses
b) to increases efficiency
c) to reduce the oscillations
d) to reduces voltage surges

Answer: c
Explanation: The damper windings are generally used in the construction of hydro-
generators. It is generally used to reduce the oscillations in the generator.

124. By how much is the rotor and the turbine runner and the hydraulic
thrust requirements more than the dead weight of rotating masses?
a) thrice
b) twice
c) by 4 times
d) by 8 times

Answer: b
Explanation: In case of the vertical shaft generators special features have to be
incorporated in the bearing set up. This is because the rotor and the turbine runner and
the hydraulic thrust requirements is twice more than the dead weight of rotating masses.

125. How are the bearing cooled in the construction?

a) natural cooling
b) forced cooling
c) air cooling
d) oil cooling

Answer: d
Explanation: Oil is the material which is used for the cooling of the bearings. It is being
supplied to the bearings by the pump.

126. By how many minutes is the complete energy of the rotating parts
and the machine is brought to rest?
a) 2 minutes
b) 1 minute
c) 3 minutes
 d) 4 minutes

Answer: c
Explanation: The brakes are so designed such that the complete energy of the rotating
parts and the machine is brought to rest. It is brought to rest by 3 minutes.

127. What material is used to make the material of the pads of the
brakes?
a) pads using asbestos
b) pads using metal wires
c) pads using copper
d) pads using the asbestos interlaced with metal wires.

Answer: d
Explanation: The brakes are made to stop the machines immediately to protect the
bearings. The brakes have pads using the asbestos interlaced with metal wires.

128. Why are the slip rings made use of?

a) they are used to provide excitation to field windings
b) they are used to provide excitation to the armature windings
c) they are used to reduce the heating effects
d) they are used to reduce the losses

Answer: a
Explanation: The slip rings are the last construction material made use of in the hydro-
generators construction. They are used to provide excitation to the field windings.

129. How many factors does the construction of the turbo alternators
depend upon?
a) 2
b) 4
c) 3
d) 6

Answer: c
Explanation: There are 3 factors which decide the construction of the turbo-alternators.
They are i) stator core ii) stator winding iii) rotor.

130. How many poles does the turbo-alternators have and what is the
speed of the turbo alternators?
a) 4 poles, 3000 rpm
b) 3 poles, 6000 rpm
c) 2 poles, 5000 rpm
 d) 2 poles, 3000 rpm

Answer: d
Explanation: The turbo-alternators are made up of 2 poles. The speed with which the
turbo alternators operate are 3000 rpm.

131. What is the relation of the lengths and diameters with the turbo-
alternators?
a) long length, long diameters
b) long length, short diameters
c) short lengths, short diameters
d) short lengths, long diameters

Answer: b
Explanation: The turbo-alternators are characterized by the long lengths. The turbo-
alternators are also characterized by short diameters.

132. What is the core length and the shaft length of a 500 MW turbo
alternator?
a) 5 m, 12 m
b) 6 m, 15 m
c) 3 m, 10 m
d) 4 m, 13 m

Answer: a
Explanation: The core length of a 500 MW turbo alternator is 5 m. The shaft length of the
500 MW turbo alternator is 12 m.

133. What is the outer diameter of the stator core and outer casing of
500 MW turbo alternator?
a) 5 m, 2 m
b) 6 m, 5 m
c) 3 m, 4 m
d) 4 m, 7 m

Answer: c
Explanation: For a 500 MW turbo alternator the outer diameter of the stator core is 3 m.
The diameter of the outer casing is 4 m.

134. What type of lamination is used for the stator core of the turbo
alternators?
a) stepped
 b) smooth
c) interleaved
d) segmental

Answer: d
Explanation: The stator core is made up of segmental laminations. The grain oriented
steel laminations are another type of stator laminations made use of.

135. What is the advantage of the grain oriented steel laminations?

a) it lowers the iron loss
b) it lowers the core loss
c) it lowers the heating effects
d) it lowers the harmonics

Answer: b
Explanation: The grain oriented steel laminations are also one type of laminations used
for the stator core. They result in the lowering of the core loss.

136. What is the pulsational force produced for 500 MW machine?

a) 70 kN per m
b) 60 kN per m
c) 80 kN per m
d) 90 kN per m

Answer: c
Explanation: The generator designed with low voltage gives high currents which produce
high pulsational forces. The pulsational forces can be as high as 80 kN per m.

137. What is the use of the laminated and transposed conductors in

turbo alternators?
a) to decrease the harmonics
b) to decrease the heating effects
c) to decrease the iron and core loss
d) to decrease the eddy current loss

Answer: d
Explanation: The presence of large currents requires the use of multi circuit windings.
The use of the laminated and transposed conductors in turbo alternators is to reduce the
eddy current loss.

138. What is the voltage range for large turbo-alternators?

a) 15-20 kV
 b) 18-23 kV
c) 20-23 kV
d) 20-25 kV

Answer: d
Explanation: The generation voltage normally used are 15 kV for 100-200 MW
machines. The voltage range for the large turbo-alternators are 20-25 kV.

139. The overhang has to be highly reinforced in turbo alternators.

a) true
b) false

Answer: a
Explanation: The overhang has to be highly reinforced in turbo alternators. The
overhang is distributed over a large number of sections which eliminates the
concentration of conductors in the overhang.

140. What is the use of the slot in the rotor?

a) for inserting the field windings
b) for inserting the armature windings
c) for securing the field windings
d) for inserting and securing the field windings

Answer: d
Explanation: The rotors slots are used for inserting the field windings. The rotor slots are
also used for securing the field windings also.

141. How many types are the rotor slots distinguished into?
a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 5

Answer: a
Explanation: There are 2 types of rotor slots in the turbo-alternators. They are i) radial
sort ii) parallel slot rotors.

142. The rotor is slotted for one-third of its periphery.

a) true
b) false
Answer: b
Explanation: The rotor is slotted for only two-thirds of its periphery. It is because to
reduce the flux pulsations and the cost factors.

143. What is the mechanical strength of the end bells used?

a) 1120 MN per m2
b) 1130 MN per m2
c) 1150 MN per m2
d) 1140 MN per m2

Answer: c
Explanation: The end bells are made of a non-magnetic austenitic steel in order to
reduce the leakage flux. The end bells have high mechanical strength of about 1150 MN
per m2.

144. How many factors does the design of armature of synchronous

machines depend upon?
a) 2
b) 4
c) 3
d) 5

Answer: d
Explanation: There are 5 factors that decide the design of the armature of synchronous
machines. They are i) single or double layer winding, ii) number of armature slots, iii) coil
span, iv) turns per phase, v) conductor section.

145. When are the double layer bar windings made use of during the
armature design?
a) large values of flux per pole and small number of turns per phase
b) large values of flux per pole and large number of turns per phase
c) small values of flux per pole and small number of turns per phase
d) small values of flux per pole and large number of turns per phase

Answer: a
Explanation: The double layer bar windings are made use of when there is large values
of flux per poles. The double layer bar windings are made use of when there are small
number of turns per phase.
 146. Which type of machines have a large number of poles per phase?
a) high voltage machines and machines with high value of flux per pole
b) high voltage machines and machines with small value of flux per pole
c) small voltage machines and machines with high value of flux per pole
d) small voltage machines and machines with low value of flux per pole

Answer: b
Explanation: The high voltage machines have a large number of poles per phase. The
small value of flux per pole per phase also results in large number of poles per phase.
147. Which among the following makes double layer windings
advantageous than the single layer windings?
a) ease in the manufacture of coils and lower cost of winding
b) less number of coils are required as spare in the case of winding
repairs
c) fractional slot windings can be employed
d) ease in the manufacture of coils and lower cost of winding, fractional
slot windings can be employed, less number of coils are required as
spare in the case of winding repairs

Answer: d
Explanation: The double layer windings have an advantage over single layer windings
because of ease in the manufacture of coils and lower cost of winding, less number of
coils are required as spare in the case of winding repairs, fractional slot windings can be
employed.

148. The single layer windings have higher efficiency and quieter
operation because of narrow slot openings.
a) true
b) false

Answer: a
Explanation: The single layer winding has high efficiency and quiet operation because of
narrow slot openings. They also have higher space factor owing to the absence of inter
layer separator.

149. When is the double layer bar or wave windings made use of?
a) when single turns coils are necessary as with turbo alternators and
unipolar low voltage machines
b) when single turns coils are necessary as with turbo alternators and
bipolar low voltage machines
c) when single turns coils are necessary as with turbo alternators and
multipolar low voltage machines
d) when double turns coils are necessary as with turbo alternators and
unipolar low voltage machines
Answer: c
Explanation: The double layer bar or wave windings are used when the single turns coils
are necessary. They are also made use of with the multipolar low voltage machines.

150. How many factors are related in the selection of the armature
slots?
a) 5
b) 6
c) 7
d) 4

Answer: b
Explanation: There are 6 factors associated with the selection of the armature slots.
They are i) Balanced windings ii) Cost iii) Hot spot temperature iv) Leakage reactance v)
Tooth ripples vi) flux density in iron.

151. How is the number of armature slots associated with the armature
windings?
a) number of slots should be such that unbalanced winding is obtained
b) number of slots should be such that balanced winding is obtained
c) number of slots should be so low as possible
d) number of slots should be high as possible

Answer: b
Explanation: The number of slots should be such that balanced winding is obtained.
Balanced windings should be obtained because it may lead to losses and heating
effects.

152. How is the number of armature slots associated with the cost
factor?
a) small number of slots leads to less cost
b) small number of slots leads to high cost
c) large number of slots leads to high cost
d) large number of slots leads to low cost

Answer: a
Explanation: The smaller the number of slots, the less will be the cost. This is because
there are fewer coils to wind, form insulate, place into slots, and connect.
 153. How is the number of armature slots associated with the hotspot
temperature?
a) small number of slots leads to less hotspot temperature
b) small number of slots leads to high hotspot temperature
c) large number of slots leads to high hotspot temperature
d) large number of slots leads to low hotspot temperature

Answer: b
Explanation: The small number of slots leads to an increase in hotspot temperature. The
small number of slots results in bunching of conductors leaving small space for
circulation of air.

154. How is the number of armature slots associated with the leakage
reactance?
a) small number of slots leads to less leakage reactance
b) small number of slots leads to high leakage reactance
c) large number of slots leads to high leakage reactance
d) large number of slots leads to low leakage reactance

Answer: a
Explanation: When the number of slots is small the leakage flux is increased. As the
leakage flux is increased, the leakage reactance is increased owing to conductors lying
near each other

155. How is the number of armature slots associated with the tooth
ripples?
a) tooth ripples are increased, if the number of slots are increased
b) tooth ripples are decreased, if the number of slots are increased
c) tooth ripples are increased, if the number of slots are decreased
d) tooth ripples are decreased, if the number of slots are decreased

Answer: b
Explanation: The tooth ripples in the field form and the consequent pulsation losses in
pole face decrease if a large number of slots are used. Also, the waveform of generated
voltage is free from ripples.

156. How is the number of armature slots associated with the flux
densities in iron?
a) tooth ripples are increased, if the number of slots are increased
b) tooth ripples are decreased, if the number of slots are increased
c) tooth ripples are increased, if the number of slots are decreased
d) tooth ripples are decreased, if the number of slots are decreased
Answer: a
Explanation: The large number of slots a greater space is taken up by the insulation.
This results in the narrower teeth giving flux densities which may go beyond acceptable
limits.

157. The value of slot pitch depends upon the voltage of the machine.
a) true
b) false

Answer: a
Explanation: The value of the slot pitch serves as a guide when choosing the number of
armature slots. The value of the slot pitch depends upon the voltage of the machine.

158. What is the value of the slot pitch for the low voltage machines?
a) slot pitch < 25 mm
b) slot pitch = 25 mm
c) slot pitch less than equal to 25 mm
d) slot pitch greater than equal to 25 mm

Answer: c
Explanation: The value of the slot pitch depends upon the voltage of the machine. The
slot pitch is less than equal to 25 mm for low voltage machines.

159. What is the range for the stator slot pitch for the large hydro-
electric generators?
a) 50-60 mm
b) 50-70 mm
c) 50-80 mm
d) 50-90 mm

Answer: d
Explanation: The minimum value for the stator slot pitch for the large hydro-electric
generators is 50 mm. The maximum value for the stator slot pitch for the large hydro-
electric generators is 90 mm.

160. When is the range of the number of slots per pole per phase in the
salient pole machines?
a) 2-3
b) 3-4
c) 2-4
d) 2-6
Answer: c
Explanation: The minimum value of the number of slots per pole per phase is 2. The
maximum value of the number of slots per pole per phase is 4.

161. Fractional windings are invariably used in synchronous machines.

a) true
b) false

Answer: a
Explanation: Fractional slot windings reduces the distribution factor for higher harmonics
thus reducing their corresponding generated emfs and making the voltage nearly
sinusoidally. Fractional slot windings are invariably used in synchronous machines.
162. What is the relation between coil span and harmonics?
a) low coil span decreases harmonics to less amount
b) low coil span decreases the harmonics drastically
c) high coil span decreases the harmonics drastically
d) high coil span decreases the harmonics by small amount

Answer: b
Explanation: The coil span is kept low in order to decreases the harmonics. The
advantage of having lower coil spans is that it reduces the harmonics drastically.

163. The coil span should be 8.33 percent of pole pitch to obtain the
maximum reduction of harmonics.
a) true
b) false

Answer: a
Explanation: The coil span adjustment indirectly affects the harmonics reduction. The
coil span should be minimum of about 8.33 percent of pole pitch to obtain the maximum
reduction of harmonics.

164. When is the formula for the flux per pole?

a) flux per pole = average magnetic field * pole pitch * length of the core
b) flux per pole = average magnetic field / pole pitch * length of the core
c) flux per pole = average magnetic field * pole pitch / length of the core
d) flux per pole = 1 / average magnetic field * pole pitch * length of the
core

Answer: a
Explanation: To obtain the value of flux per pole first the average magnetic field is
obtained. Then the pole pitch and the length of the core is obtained to obtain the flux per
pole.
 165. What is the formula for the turns per phase in the armature design?
a) turns per phase = voltage per phase * parallel paths per phase / 4.44
* flux density * frequency * winding space factor
b) turns per phase = voltage per phase / parallel paths per phase * 4.44
* flux density * frequency * winding space factor
c) turns per phase = voltage per phase * parallel paths per phase * 4.44
* flux density * frequency * winding space factor
d) turns per phase = voltage per phase * parallel paths per phase * 4.44
* flux density / frequency * winding space factor

Answer: a
Explanation: For obtaining the turns per phase, the voltage per phase is obtained along
with the parallel paths per phase. Next the winding space factor is calculated and the
substitution in the formula gives the turns per phase.
166. What is the formula for current in each conductor?
a) current in each conductor = kVA * 103 * 3 * voltage per phase
b) current in each conductor = kVA / 103 * 3 * voltage per phase
c) current in each conductor = kVA * 103 / 3 * voltage per phase
d) current in each conductor = kVA * 103 * 3 / voltage per phase

Answer: c
Explanation: The kVA output is first obtained from the operation of the machine. Next the
voltage per phase is calculated to obtain the current in each conductor.

167. What is the permissible current density in the armature

conductors?
a) 3-4 A per mm2
b) 3-6 A per mm2
c) 4-6 A per mm2
d) 3-5 A per mm2

Answer: d
Explanation: The minimum permissible value of the current density in the armature
conductors is 3 A per mm2. The maximum allowed value of the current density in the
armature conductors is 6 A per mm2.

168. What is the formula for the area of cross section of armature
conductors?
a) area of cross section = current per conductor * current density in the
armature conductors
b) area of cross section = current per conductor + current density in the
armature conductors
c) area of cross section = current per conductor – current density in the
armature conductors
d) area of cross section = current per conductor / current density in the
 armature conductors

Answer: d
Explanation: For obtaining the area of the cross section the current per conductor is
calculated. Next the current density is calculated and the ratio of both gives the current
density of the area of cross section.

169. What type of coils are made use of for machines with small number
of poles?
a) iron wound coils
b) wire wound coils
c) rectangular coils
d) square coils

Answer: b
Explanation: Different type of coils are being made use of for the machines as per the
quantity of number of poles. For small number of poles the wire wound coils are made
use of.

170. What type of strips is made use of for field coils of small
alternators?
a) wood covered rectangular strips
b) bare copper strips
c) glass covered rectangular strips
d) iron strips

Answer: c
Explanation: The glass covered rectangular strips are made use of for the field coils of
small alternator. The bare copper strips are being used are made use of for the field
coils of large alternator.

171. What should be the maximum width of the edge conductors used
in the large alternators?
a) 6 mm
b) 5 mm
c) 4 mm
 d) 3 mm

Answer: a
Explanation: The field coils of the large alternators use strip on edge winding wherein
the bare copper strips are insulated from each other by interturn insulation. The width of
the edge conductors does not exceed 6 mm.

172. For machines with Class B insulation, how many layers of inter turn
insulation is made use of and what is the distance between the layers?
a) 4, 0.18 mm
b) 3, 0.25 mm
c) 2, 018 mm
d) 2, 0.25 mm

Answer: c
Explanation: The machines using Class B insulation makes use of 2 layers of inter turn
insulation. The distance between the insulation is given to be 0.18 mm.
173. What material is the paper strips stuck with?
a) synthetic resin varnish
b) shellac
c) synthetic resin varnish and shellac
d) synthetic resin varnish or shellac

Answer: d
Explanation: The paper strips used in the Class B insulation machines are stuck on with
shellac. They are also made of the synthetic resin varnish materials.

174. What is the thickness of the flanges and what material is used in
the flanges?
a) 10 mm thick, resins
b) 10 mm thick, asbestos
c) 15 mm thick, asbestos
d) 10 mm thick, bakelized asbestos

Answer: d
Explanation: The flanges used in the Class B insulation is made up of 10 mm thickness.
The flanges are made up of the bakelized asbestos.

175. Current is passed simultaneously through the conductors to raise

the temperature of the field coil.
a) true
b) false
Answer: a
Explanation: The current is passed simultaneously through the conductors to raise the
temperature of the field coil. The temperature should be high enough so that
polymerization of interturn insulation is complete.

176. During the pressing and consolidation by how much is the

thickness of the interturn insulation reduced to?
a) 0.36 mm to 0.26 mm
b) 0.36 mm to 0.25 mm
c) 0.30 mm to 0.25 mm
d) 0.32 mm to 0.25 mm

Answer: a
Explanation: The thickness of the interturn insulation before the pressing and
consolidation is 0.36 mm. After the process of pressing and consolidation the thickness
of the interturn insulation is reduced to 0.26 mm.

177. How many layers does the machine with Class F insulation
consists of?
a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 5

Answer: b
Explanation: The machines with Class B insulation consists of 2 layers. The machines
with Class F insulation consists of 3 layers.

178. What is the thickness of the layers of Class F insulation and what
material is layers made of?
a) 0.18 mm, asbestos paper
b) 0.10 mm, asbestos paper
c) 0.18 mm, thick epoxy treated asbestos paper
d) 0.10 mm, thick epoxy treated asbestos paper

Answer: c
Explanation: The thickness of the layers is 0.18 mm. The layers are made up of thick
epoxy treated asbestos paper.

179. What is the lamination material of the pole body and the thickness
of the pole body insulation?
a) epoxy resin, 5 mm thick
b) epoxy resin. 4 mm thick
c) asbestos, 4 mm thick
 d) asbestos 5 mm thick

Answer: b
Explanation: The pole body insulation is made up of the epoxy resin laminations. The
thickness of the pole body insulation is 4 mm thick.

180. What is the range of the pressure under which the field coils are
consolidated?
a) 4-10 MN per m2
b) 3-10 MN per m2
c) 4-12 MN per m2
d) 4-15 MN per m2

Answer: c
Explanation: The minimum pressure under which the field coils are consolidated is 4 MN
per m2. The maximum value of the pressure under which the field coils are 12 MN per
m2.

181. What is the range of the exciter voltage in the field coils?
a) 50-100 V
b) 150-300 V
c) 200-400 V
d) 50-400 V

Answer: d
Explanation: The minimum value of the exciter voltage across the field coils is 50 V. The
maximum value of the exciter voltage is 400 V.

182. The field winding should be designed for a voltage from 15-20%
less than the exciter voltage.
a) true
b) false

Answer: a
Explanation: The field winding should be designed for a voltage from 15-20% less than
the exciter voltage. This is because to allow for the drop in voltage between field and
exciter and to allow for variations in the reluctance of the magnetic field.

183. What is the formula for the voltage across each field coil?
a) voltage across each field coil = (0.8-0.85)*exciter voltage/number of
poles
b) voltage across each field coil = (0.8-0.85)*exciter voltage*number of
poles
 c) voltage across each field coil = (0.8-0.85)/exciter voltage*number of
poles
d) voltage across each field coil = (0.8-0.85)/exciter voltage/number of
poles

Answer: a
Explanation: The exciter voltage value is first set up for the particular machine. Then with
the number of poles, the voltage across each field coil is calculated.

184. What is the formula for the winding height in the design of the field
windings?
a) winding height = height of the pole – height of shoe + space taken by
the spool, flanges, etc
b) winding height = height of the pole + height of shoe + space taken by
the spool, flanges, etc
c) winding height = height of the pole + height of shoe – space taken by
the spool, flanges, etc
d) winding height = height of the pole – height of shoe – space taken by
the spool, flanges, etc

Answer: d
Explanation: The height of the pole and the height f the shoe is calculated. Next the
space taken by the spool, flanges is calculated and the winding height is obtained.
185. What is the approximate value of the space taken by spools,
flanges, etc?
a) 15 mm
b) 10 mm
c) 12 mm
d) 20 mm

Answer: d
Explanation: The value of the space taken by spools, flanges are required for the
calculation of the winding height. The approximate value of the space taken by spools,
flanges, etc. is 20 mm.

186. What is the winding depth for the pole pitch of 0.1 mm?
a) 25 mm
b) 35 mm
c) 45 mm
d) 50 mm

Answer: a
Explanation: The winding depth is 25 mm for the pole pitch of 0.1 mm. The winding
depth is 35 mm for the pole pitch of 0.2 mm. The winding depth is 45 mm for the pole
pitch is 0.3 mm.
 187. What is the formula for the voltage across each field coil?
a) voltage across each field coil = field current * resistance of each field
at 75°C
b) voltage across each field coil = field current / resistance of each field
at 75°C
c) voltage across each field coil = field current + resistance of each field
at 75°C
d) voltage across each field coil = field current – resistance of each field
at 75°C

Answer: a
Explanation: The field current is first calculated from the machine. Next the resistance
value of each field at 75°C is calculated and this gives the voltage across each field coil.

188. What is the range of the current density in the field conductors?
a) 3 to 5 A per mm2
b) 3 to 4 A per mm2
c) 4 to 5 A per mm2
d) 3 to 6 A per mm2

Answer: b
Explanation: The minimum range of the current density in the field conductors is 3 A per
mm2. The maximum value of the current density in the field conductors is 4 A per mm 2.

189. What is the formula for the field current of the synchronous
machines?
a) field current = current density * area of conductors
b) field current = current density / area of conductors
c) field current = current density – area of conductors
d) field current = current density + area of conductors

Answer: a
Explanation: For the calculation of the field current, first the current density is calculated.
Next, the area of conductors is calculated and the field current is calculated.

190. What is the formula for the number of field turns of the field
windings?
a) number of field turns = field mmf per pole at full load * field current
b) number of field turns = field mmf per pole at full load / field current
c) number of field turns = field mmf per pole at full load + field current
d) number of field turns = field mmf per pole at full load – field current
Answer: b
Explanation: The field mmf per pole at full load is calculated from the voltage across
each field coil. Next, the field current is calculated and from these values the number of
field turns is calculated.

191. What is the relation between winding space and the depth?
a) winding space is directly proportional to the depth
b) winding space is indirectly proportional to the depth
c) winding space is directly proportional to the square of the depth
d) winding space is indirectly proportional to the square of the depth

Answer: b
Explanation: The winding space is indirectly proportional to the depth. If the winding
space is less, then the depth is increased.

192. What is the formula of the resistance of the winding is calculated at

75°C?
a) resistance of the winding = (Number of field turns * pole proportion *
length of mean turns of the coil) / area of the field conductors
b) resistance of the winding = (Number of field turns * pole proportion *
length of mean turns of the coil) * area of the field conductors
c) resistance of the winding = (Number of field turns / pole proportion *
length of mean turns of the coil) / area of the field conductors
d) resistance of the winding = (Number of field turns * pole proportion /
length of mean turns of the coil) / area of the field conductors

Answer: a
Explanation: The number of field turns is calculated along with the pole proportion. The
length of mean turns of the coil and the area of the field conductors is calculated and on
substituting the values the resistance of the winding is obtained.

193. What is the formula of the dissipating surface of the coil?

a) dissipating surface of the coil = 2*length of mean turns of the
coil*(winding height * diameter of winding)
b) dissipating surface of the coil = 2*length of mean turns of the
coil*(winding height / diameter of winding)
c) dissipating surface of the coil = 2*length of mean turns of the
coil*(winding height + diameter of winding)
 d) dissipating surface of the coil = 2*length of mean turns of the
coil/(winding height * diameter of winding)

Answer: c
Explanation: First the length of the mean turns of the coil is calculated. Then the winding
height and the diameter of the winding is calculated to obtain the dissipating surface of
the coil.

194. What is the formula for the cooling co-efficient to the rotating field
coils?
a) cooling coefficient of rotating field coils = 0.05 to 0.08 / 1 + armature
voltage
b) cooling coefficient of rotating field coils = 0.05 to 0.08 / 1 – armature
voltage
c) cooling coefficient of rotating field coils = 0.08 to 0.12 / 1 + armature
voltage
d) cooling coefficient of rotating field coils = 0.08 to 0.12 / 1 – armature
voltage

Answer: c
Explanation: The armature voltage is first calculated for the calculation of the cooling
coefficient of rotating field coils. The cooling coefficient is used to calculate the
temperature rise.

195. What is the formula for the temperature rise in the design of field
windings?
a) temperature rise = 1 / copper loss in each field coil at 75°C * cooling
coefficient of rotating field coils * dissipating surface of the coil
b) temperature rise = copper loss in each field coil at 75°C * cooling
coefficient of rotating field coils * dissipating surface of the coil
c) temperature rise = copper loss in each field coil at 75°C / cooling
coefficient of rotating field coils * dissipating surface of the coil
d) temperature rise = copper loss in each field coil at 75°C * cooling
coefficient of rotating field coils / dissipating surface of the coil

Answer: d
Explanation: The copper loss in each field coil is first calculated using its formula. Next,
the cooling coefficient of rotating field coils is calculated. Finally dissipating surface of
the coil is calculated and this gives the temperature rise.

196. If the temperature increases beyond the acceptable limits the

depth of the winding should be decreased.
 a) true
b) false

Answer: b
Explanation: The temperature rise = copper loss in each field coil at 75°C * cooling
coefficient of rotating field coils / dissipating surface of the coil is calculated. If the
temperature rise crosses the specified limits, the depth of the winding is increased.

197. The increase in the depth of the winding increases the heat
dissipating surface.
a) true
b) false

Answer: a
Explanation: The increase in the depth of the windings increase the heat dissipating
surface. The increase in the heat dissipation decreases the temperature rise.

198. What is the minimum clearance between adjacent field coils and
pole drawing?
a) 14 mm
b) 15 mm
c) 13 mm
d) 12 mm

Answer: b
Explanation: The final step in the design of field windings is the checking of the
clearance between the adjacent field coils and pole drawing. The minimum value of
clearance should be 15 mm.

199. How many factors does the design of rotor of synchronous

machines depend upon?
a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 5

Answer: c
Explanation: There are 4 factors which are associated with the design of rotor in the
synchronous machines. They are height of pole, design of damper windings, height of
pole shoe, pole profile drawing.
 200. What is the formula for the flux in pole body?
a) flux in pole body = leakage coefficient * useful flux per pole
b) flux in pole body = leakage coefficient / useful flux per pole
c) flux in pole body = leakage coefficient – useful flux per pole
d) flux in pole body = leakage coefficient + useful flux per pole

Answer: a
Explanation: The leakage coefficient is obtained first from its formula. Next, the value of
useful flux per pole is calculated and this gives the flux in pole body value.

201. What is the range of the permissible values of the flux densities in
pole body?
a) 1.4-1.7 Wb per m2
b) 1.5-1.7 Wb per m2
c) 1.4-1.6 Wb per m2
d) 1.5-1.6 Wb per m2

Answer: b
Explanation: The minimum value of the flux density in the pole body is given to be 1.5
Wb per m2.The maximum permissible value of the flux density in the pole body is given
to be 1.7 Wb per m2.

202. What is the range of the leakage coefficient in the pole body?
a) 1.1 to 1.2
b) 1.00 to 1.5
c) 1.15 to 1.2
d) 0.75 to 2.3

Answer: c
Explanation: The minimum value of the leakage coefficient in the pole body is 1.15. The
maximum value of the leakage coefficient in the pole body is 1.2.
 203. What is the formula for the area of cross-section of pole body for
rectangular poles?
a) area of cross section of pole body = 0.98 * axial length of the pole *
breadth of the pole
b) area of cross section of pole body = 0.98 / axial length of the pole *
breadth of the pole
c) area of cross section of pole body = 0.98 * axial length of the pole /
breadth of the pole
d) area of cross section of pole body = 1/0.98 * axial length of the pole *
breadth of the pole

Answer: a
Explanation: The axial length of the pole and the breadth of the pole are calculated. Next
by multiplying the two values with the stacking factor, we get the area of cross section of
pole body.

204. What is the formula for the copper area of the field windings?
a) copper area = full load field mmf * current density in the field winding
b) copper area = full load field mmf / current density in the field winding
c) copper area = full load field mmf + current density in the field winding
d) copper area = full load field mmf – current density in the field winding

Answer: b
Explanation: For the calculation of the copper area, first the current density in the field
winding is calculated. Next the full load field mmf is calculated and the ratio gives the
copper area of field windings.

205. What is the formula for the total space required for the winding?
a) total space = copper area + space factor
b) total space = copper area – space factor
c) total space = copper area / space factor
d) total space = copper area * space factor

Answer: c
Explanation: The copper area is calculated from its respective formula. Then the space
factor is calculated and the ratio gives the value of total space.

206. What is the value of space factor for the strip on edge winding?
a) 0.8-0.9
b) 0.4
c) 0.65
d) 0.75
Answer: a
Explanation: The space factor for the strip on edge winding is 0.8-0.9. The space factor
for small round wires is 0.4 and for large round wires it is 0.65. The space factor for large
rectangular conductors is 0.75.

207. What is the formula for the height of winding?

a) height of winding = total winding area / depth of winding
b) height of winding = total winding area * depth of winding
c) height of winding = total winding area + depth of winding
d) height of winding = total winding area – depth of winding

Answer: a
Explanation: The total winding area is first calculated. Next the depth of the winding is
calculated. The ratio of both gives the height of winding.

208. What is the formula for the radial length of the pole shoe?
a) radial length of the pole shoe = height of winding – height of pole
shoe – 0.02
b) radial length of the pole shoe = height of winding + height of pole
shoe – 0.02
c) radial length of the pole shoe = height of winding – height of pole
shoe + 0.02
d) radial length of the pole shoe = height of winding + height of pole
shoe + 0.02

Answer: d
Explanation: First the height of the winding is calculated from its formula. Next the height
of pole shoe is calculated. Both the values are added with 0.02 to give the radial length
of the pole shoe.

209. What is the formula for the height of pole body?

a) height of pole body = height of the winding + 0.02
b) height of pole body = height of the winding * 0.02
c) height of pole body = height of the winding – 0.02
d) height of pole body = height of the winding / 0.02

Answer: a
Explanation: The height of the pole body is one of the design factors in the design of
rotor. It is obtained by adding the value of the height of winding with 0.02, which is the
approximate space occupied by flanges.
 210. What is the range of the ratio of radial length of pole to pole pitch?
a) 0.3-1
b) 0.3-1.5
c) 0.7-1
d) 0.7-1.5

Answer: b
Explanation: The minimum value of the ratio of radial length of pole to pole pitch is given
to be 0.3. The maximum value of the ratio of radial length of pole to pole pitch is given to
be 1.5.

211. The damper windings are made use of in synchronous generators

to reduce the oscillations and to prevent hunting.
a) true
b) false

Answer: a
Explanation: The purpose of the damper windings is to reduce the oscillations and to
prevent the hunting in synchronous generators. Next, the damper windings are used to
suppress the negative sequence field in the synchronous generator.

212. The mmf of the damper windings depends on the pole pitch value.
a) true
b) false

Answer: a
Explanation: The mmf of the damper windings depends on the pole pitch value. The
value for the mmf of the damper windings = 0.143 * specific electric loading * pole pitch.

213. What is the formula for the area per pole of damper pass provided?
a) area per pole of damper pass = 0.2 * specific electric loading * pole
pitch * current density in damper bars
b) area per pole of damper pass = 0.2 * specific electric loading * pole
pitch / current density in damper bars
c) area per pole of damper pass = 0.2 * specific electric loading – pole
pitch / current density in damper bars
d) area per pole of damper pass = 0.2 + specific electric loading * pole
pitch / current density in damper bars

Answer: b
Explanation: The specific electric loading and the pole pitch is calculated first. Next the
current density in damper bars is next calculated. Substituting in the above formula gives
the area per pole of damper pass provided.

214. What is the range of current density in the damper bars?

a) 3-4 A per mm2
b) 3-5 A per mm2
c) 3-6 A per mm2
d) 4-6 A per mm2

Answer: a
Explanation: The minimum value of the current density in the damper bars is given to be
3 A per mm2. The maximum value of the current density in the damper bars is given to
be 4 A per mm2.

215. What is the percentage of the damper windings slot pitch with
respect to stator slot pitch?
a) 30%
b) 40%
c) 20%
d) 60%

Answer: c
Explanation: The slot pitch of damper windings is 20% of the stator slot pitch. This is
because to reduce the current induced in damper windings by tooth ripples.

216. What is the formula for the pole arc?

a) pole arc = number of bars per pole * stator slot pitch * 0.8
b) pole arc = number of bars per pole / stator slot pitch * 0.8
c) pole arc = number of bars per pole * stator slot pitch / 0.8
d) pole arc = 1 / number of bars per pole * stator slot pitch * 0.8

Answer: a
Explanation: The number of bars per pole is calculated along with the stator slot pitch.
Next, all the values are multiplied by 0.8 and the pole arc value is obtained.

217. What is the formula for the length of each damper bar for small
machines?
a) length of each damper bar = 1.1 * axial length
b) length of each damper bar = axial length + 0.1
c) length of each damper bar = axial length – 0.1
d) length of each damper bar = 1.1 / axial length
Answer: a
Explanation: Length of each damper bar = 1.1 * axial length is the formula for the length
of each damper bar for small machines. length of each damper bar = axial length + 0.1
is the formula for the length of each damper bar for large machines.

218. What is the formula for the area of cross-section of each damper
bar?
a) area of cross section of each damper bar = total area of bars per pole
– number of damper bars per pole
b) area of cross section of each damper bar = total area of bars per pole
+ number of damper bars per pole
c) area of cross section of each damper bar = total area of bars per pole
/ number of damper bars per pole
d) area of cross section of each damper bar = total area of bars per pole
* number of damper bars per pole

Answer: c
Explanation: The total area of bars per pole is first obtained. Next the number of damper
bars per pole is calculated and the ratio gives the area of cross section of each damper
bar.

219. What is the formula of the area of each ring short-circuiting the
bars?
a) area of each ring short-circuiting the bars = (0.7-0.9) * area of damper
bar
b) area of each ring short-circuiting the bars = (0.8-1) * area of damper
bar
c) area of each ring short-circuiting the bars = (0.7-1) * area of damper
bar
d) area of each ring short-circuiting the bars = (0.8-0.9) * area of damper
bar

Answer: b
Explanation: First the area of damper bars is calculated first. Next the area of damper
bars is multiplied by a value between 0.8-1 to obtain the area of each ring short-
circuiting the bars.

220. Given : total area = 473 mm2 and Number of bars = 8 for a rotor
design, what is the value of area of each damper bar?
a) 59 mm2
b) 455 mm2
c) 475 mm2
d) 3784 mm2
Answer: a
Explanation: Area of each bar = total area / number of bars
Area of each bar = 473/8 = 59 mm2.

221. What is the formula for the height of pole shoe sufficient to
accommodate the damper windings?
a) height of pole shoe = diameter of damper bars
b) height of pole shoe = 2 * diameter of damper bars
c) height of pole shoe = diameter of damper bars/2
d) height of pole shoe = 3 * diameter of damper bars/2

Answer: b
Explanation: First the diameter of the damper bars is calculated. It is then multiplied by 2
to get the height of pole shoe.

222. Pole profile drawing helps in obtaining the various dimensions of

the pole.
a) true
b) false

Answer: a
Explanation: The pole profile drawing is essential to obtain the design characteristics of
the rotor. It helps in the process of obtaining the various dimensions of the pole.

223. The pole shoe drawing is completed by fixing the height of pole
shoe.
a) true
b) false

Answer: a
Explanation: The pole shoe surface can be drawn with the armature surface being fixed.
The pole shoe drawing is completed by fixing the height of pole shoe.

224. How many types of losses are present in synchronous machines?

a) 7
b) 3
 c) 4
d) 5

Answer: a
Explanation: There are 7 losses in the synchronous machines. They are i) iron loss due
to main field, ii) iron loss due to parasitic field, iii) I2R loss in the armature winding, iv)
eddy current loss in armature conductors, v) stray load loss, vi) loss in field windings, vii)
friction and windage loss.

225. What is the classification of the iron loss due to the main field?
a) hysteresis loss
b) eddy current loss
c) hysteresis loss or eddy current loss
d) hysteresis loss and eddy current loss

Answer: d
Explanation: The iron loss due to main field is due to the hysteresis loss. The eddy
current loss also contribute to the iron losses due to main field.

226. What are the factors the pole face loss depends upon?
a) slot opening
b) air gap length
c) number of slots and speed of machines
d) slot opening, air gap length, number of slots and speed of machines

Answer: d
Explanation: The pole face loss depends upon the slot opening and the air gap length. It
also depends on the number of slots and speed of machines.

227. What is the range of the pole face loss in the synchronous
machines?
a) 40-60 % of iron loss
b) 20-60 % of iron loss
c) 25-70 % of iron loss
d) 40-80 % of iron loss

Answer: c
Explanation: The pole face loss has a minimum value of 25% of the iron loss. The pole
face loss has a maximum value of 70% of the iron loss.
 228. What is the formula for the copper loss in the synchronous
machine?
a) copper loss per phase = current per phase * dc resistance
b) copper loss per phase = current per phase2 * dc resistance2
c) copper loss per phase = current per phase2 * dc resistance
d) copper loss per phase = current per phase * dc resistance2

Answer: c
Explanation: First the current per phase is calculated and the value is squared. Next the
dc resistance is calculated and the sum of the square of the current per phase and dc
resistance gives the copper loss per phase.

229. What is the formula for the total eddy current loss in conductors?
a) total copper loss = 3 * average value of the eddy current constant *
current per phase2 * dc resistance
b) total copper loss = 3 / average value of the eddy current constant *
current per phase2 * dc resistance
c) total copper loss = 3 * average value of the eddy current constant /
current per phase2 * dc resistance
d) total copper loss = 3 * average value of the eddy current constant *
current per phase2 / dc resistance

Answer: a
Explanation: The average value of the eddy current constant is obtained. Next the I2R
loss values are calculated and multiplying with 3 gives the total copper loss.

230. What is the cause of the stray load losses in the synchronous
machine?
a) stray field
b) stray armature
c) stray field and stray armature
d) stray field or stray armature

Answer: a
Explanation: The stray load loss occurs due to stray fields. They are formed when the
machine is being loaded.

231. What is the voltage drop in the carbon and graphite brushes?
a) 1 V
b) 0.3 V
c) 0.6 V
d) 0.75 V
Answer: a
Explanation: The voltage drop in the carbon and graphite brushes is 1 V. The voltage
drop in the brushes containing metal is 0.3 V.

232. What factors does the friction and windage loss depend upon?
a) construction of the machine
b) speed of the machine
c) rating of the machine
d) construction, speed, rating of the machine

Answer: d
Explanation: This loss consists of the bearing friction and rotor windage loss. The loss
depends upon the type of construction, speed and ratings of the machines.
233. What is the reduction in the total friction loss with the hydrogen
cooling?
a) 0.3-0.5 % of kVA rating
b) 0.2-0.3 % of kVA rating
c) 0.3-0.4 % of kVA rating
d) 0.3-0.6 % of kVA rating

Answer: c
Explanation: The friction loss depends upon the type of construction, speed and ratings
of the machines. The hydrogen cooling reduces the total friction loss by 0.3-0.4% of the
kVA rating.

234. What is the formula to obtain the temperature rise of the surface?
a) temperature rise of the surface = Surface area * cooling coefficient *
dissipating surface
b) temperature rise of the surface = Surface area / cooling coefficient *
dissipating surface
c) temperature rise of the surface = Surface area * cooling coefficient /
dissipating surface
d) temperature rise of the surface =1 / Surface area * cooling coefficient
* dissipating surface

Answer: c
Explanation: The surface area is first calculated from its formula. Next, the cooling
coefficient and the dissipating surface are obtained and on substitution gives the
temperature rise of the surface.

235. What factor/s does the cooling coefficient depend upon?

a) speed of the cooling medium
b) configuration of the surface
c) speed of the machine and configuration of the surface
 d) speed of the machine or configuration of the surface

Answer: c
Explanation: The cooling coefficient depends upon the speed of the machine. The
cooling coefficient also depends upon the configuration of the surface.

236. The value of the cooling coefficient varies from 0.025 to 0.04 in the
back of the stator core.
a) true
b) false

Answer: a
Explanation: The cooling coefficient value is required in the calculation of the
temperature rise of the surface. The value varies from 0.025 to 0.04 for the back of the
stator core.

237. The peripheral speed is the armature peripheral speed in the

stationary field coils.
a) true
b) false

Answer: a
Explanation: There are various peripheral speeds in various parts of the machine. In the
stationary field coils the peripheral speed is nothing but the armature peripheral speed.

238. What all factors does the heat to be dissipated by cooling surfaces
depend upon?
a) hysteresis loss
b) eddy current loss
c) heating loss
d) hysteresis, eddy and heating losses

Answer: d
Explanation: The heat to be dissipated by the cooling surface of the armature core would
consist of the hysteresis loss and the eddy current loss. It also consists of the heating
loss or the I2R in the active part of the armature.
 239. What is the formula for output equations in synchronous
machines?
a) kVA output = output coefficient * diameter2 * length * synchronous
speed
b) kVA output = output coefficient / diameter2 * length * synchronous
speed
c) kVA output = output coefficient * diameter2 / length * synchronous
speed
d) kVA output = output coefficient * diameter2 * length / synchronous
speed

Answer: a
Explanation: The output equation is found out by first calculating the output coefficient.
Next, the diameter and length are obtained, and the synchronous speed is calculated
using the tacho-generator to obtain the kVA output.

240. What is the formula of the output coefficient?

a) output coefficient = 11 * specific magnetic loading / specific electrical
loading * winding space factor * 10-3
b) output coefficient = 11 / specific magnetic loading * specific electrical
loading * winding space factor * 10-3
c) output coefficient = 11 * specific magnetic loading * specific electrical
loading * winding space factor * 10-3
d) output coefficient = 11 * specific magnetic loading * specific electrical
loading / winding space factor * 10-3

Answer: c
Explanation: The output coefficient is one of the terms required in the calculation of the
output of the machine. The specific magnetic and electrical loading terms are first
calculated along with the winding space factor.

241. What is the formula for the output equation with respect to the
peripheral speed?
a) output = 1.11* specific magnetic loading * specific electrical loading *
winding space factor * 10-3 * peripheral speed2 *Length * synchronous
speed
b) output = 1.11* specific magnetic loading * specific electrical loading *
winding space factor * 10-3 * peripheral speed2 *Length / synchronous
speed
c) output = 1.11* specific magnetic loading * specific electrical loading *
winding space factor / 10-3 * peripheral speed2 *Length * synchronous
speed
d) output = 1.110 / specific magnetic loading * specific electrical loading
* winding space factor * 10-3 * peripheral speed2 *Length * synchronous
 speed

Answer: b
Explanation: The output equation with respect to the peripheral speed depends on the
square of the peripheral speed of the machine. It doesn’t consist of the diameter term in
the output equation.

242. How many factors does the choice of specific magnetic loading
depend upon?
a) 4
b) 2
c) 5
d) 8

Answer: c
Explanation: The choice of specific magnetic loading depends upon 5 factors basically.
They are a) Iron Loss, b) Voltage, c) Transient short circuit current, d) Stability, e)
Parallel Operation.

243. How is the iron loss related with the choice of specific magnetic
loading?
a) choice of magnetic loading is directly proportional to the iron loss
b) choice of magnetic loading is indirectly proportional to the iron loss
c) choice of magnetic loading is directly proportional to the square of the
iron loss
d) choice of magnetic loading is indirectly proportional to the square of
the iron loss

Answer: a
Explanation: The choice of specific magnetic loading is directly proportional to the iron
loss. The iron loss increases with the increase in the air gap density.

244. How is the voltage related with the air gap density?
a) air gap density is directly proportional to the voltage
b) air gap density is indirectly proportional to the voltage
c) air gap density is directly proportional to the square of the voltage
d) air gap density is indirectly proportional to the square of the voltage

Answer: b
Explanation: The air gap density is indirectly proportional to the voltage. High voltage
machine should have low air gap density, to avoid excessive values of flux density in the
teeth and core.

245. How is the transient short circuit current related with the air gap
density?
a) air gap density is directly proportional to the short circuit current
b) air gap density is indirectly proportional to the short circuit current
c) air gap density is directly proportional to the square of the short circuit
current
d) air gap density is directly proportional to the square of the short circuit
current

Answer: a
Explanation: The air gap density is directly proportional to the short circuit current. The
air gap density should be kept low in order to reduce the initial electromagnetic forces
under short circuit condition.

246. How is the steady state stability related with the air gap density?
a) air gap density is directly proportional to the steady state stability
b) air gap density is indirectly proportional to the steady state stability
c) air gap density is directly proportional to the square of the steady
state stability
d) air gap density is directly proportional to the square of the steady
state stability

Answer: a
Explanation: The air gap density is directly proportional to the steady state stability. The
steady state stability is improved if the air gap density is high.

247. The machines having high air gap density operates poorly when
connected in synchronism.
a) true
b) false

Answer: b
Explanation: The machines having high air gap density allows high amount of
synchronizing power. Thus the machines having high air gap density provides high
synchronism.

248. What is the range of the air gap density for salient pole machines?
a) 0.52-0.65 Wb per m2
b) 0.5-0.6 Wb per m2
c) 0.54-0.65 Wb per m2
 d) 0.44-0.65 Wb per m2

Answer: a
Explanation: The range of air gap density for salient pole machines is 0.52-0.65 Wb per
m2. The range of air gap density for turbo-alternators is 0.54-0.65 Wb per m2.

249. How many factors influence the choice of specific electric loading?
a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 5

Answer: c
Explanation: There are 4 factors that influence the choice of specific electric loading.
They are a) Copper loss and temperature rise, b) voltage, c) synchronous reactance, d)
stray load loss.

250. How is the specific electric loading related to copper losses and
temperature rise?
a) high specific electric loading gives high copper losses and high
temperature rise
b) high specific electric loading gives low copper losses and high
temperature rise
c) high specific electric loading gives high copper losses and low
temperature rise
d) high specific electric loading gives low copper losses and low
temperature rise

Answer: a
Explanation: The specific electric loading is directly proportional to the copper losses
and the temperature rise. The high specific electric loading gives high copper losses and
high temperature rise.
251. High value of the specific electric loading can be used for low
voltage machines.
a) true
b) false

Answer: a
Explanation: High value of specific electric loading can be used for low voltage
machines. This is because the space required for insulation is small.

252. How is the specific electric loading related to the synchronous

reactance of the machines?
a) specific electric loading is high, leakage reactance is high, giving low
 synchronous reactance
b) specific electric loading is high, leakage reactance is low, giving low
synchronous reactance
c) specific electric loading is high, leakage reactance is high, giving high
synchronous reactance
d) specific electric loading is low, leakage reactance is high, giving high
synchronous reactance

Answer: c
Explanation: The specific electric loading is directly proportional to the synchronous
reactance. If the specific electric loading is high, the synchronous reactance becomes
high.

253. What is the value of specific electric loading for the salient pole
alternators?
a) 20,000-40,000 A per m
b) 50,000-75,000 A per m
c) 25,000-40,000 A per m
d) 20,000-45,000 A per m

Answer: a
Explanation: The value of specific electric loading for the salient pole alternators is
20,000-40,000 A per m. The value of specific electric loading for the turbo alternators is
50,000-75,000 A per m.

254. What is the range of the flux density in the teeth at no load?
a) 1.7-1.8 Wb per mm2
b) 1.3-1.5 Wb per mm2
c) 1.3-1.6 Wb per mm2
d) 1.4-1.6 Wb per mm2

Answer: a
Explanation: The minimum value of the flux density in the teeth is given to be 1.7 Wb per
mm2. The maximum value of the flux density in the teeth is given to be 1.8 A per mm2.
 255. What is the formula for the minimum width of the tooth?
a) minimum width of tooth = flux * pole proportion * (number of stator
slots / number of poles) * length * 1.8
b) minimum width of tooth = flux / pole proportion * (number of stator
slots / number of poles) * length * 1.8
c) minimum width of tooth = flux * pole proportion / (number of stator
slots / number of poles) * length * 1.8
d) minimum width of tooth = flux * pole proportion * (number of stator
slots / number of poles) * length / 1.8

Answer: b
Explanation: The flux value, pole proportion and the length values are first obtained.
Then the ratio of the number of stator slots to number of poles is obtained and on
substitution gives the minimum width of tooth.

256. Name the slots that are commonly used.

a) parallel sided
b) square sided
c) rectangular
d) circular

Answer: a
Explanation: The most commonly used type of slots are parallel sided. The other type of
slots may be used for the purposes required.

257. How is the teeth and the minimum width designed in the
machines?
a) teeth is tapered and minimum width is across the medium
b) teeth is sharpened and minimum width occurs across the air gap
c) teeth is widened and minimum width occurs across the air gap
d) teeth is reduced and minimum width occurs across the medium

Answer: a
Explanation: Parallel sided slots are made use of. Hence, the teeth is tapered and their
minimum width occurs at the air gap surface.

258. What is the formula for the maximum permissible width of slot?
a) maximum permissible width = slot pitch * minimum width of the teeth
b) maximum permissible width = slot pitch + minimum width of the teeth
c) maximum permissible width = slot pitch / minimum width of the teeth
d) maximum permissible width = slot pitch – minimum width of the teeth
Answer: d
Explanation: The slot pitch is first calculated with its respective formula. Next, the
minimum width of the teeth is calculated and the difference between both gives the
maximum permissible width.
259. By how much should the depth of slot not exceed the width?
a) two times
b) three times
c) four times
d) six times

Answer: b
Explanation: The depth of the slot depends upon the width of the slot. The depth should
not exceed three times the width of the slot.

260. Why are slot made deeper in the machine?

a) to increase the short circuit current
b) to reduce the short circuit current
c) to increase the open circuit current
d) to reduce the open circuit current

Answer: b
Explanation: The slots used in the machine are basically deeper slots. The slots are
made deeper even more to increase the leakage reactance and to limit the short circuit
current.

261. What is the formula for the height of length of mean turn of
armature?
a) length of mean turn = 2*length + 2.5*pole pitch + 0.06 kV + 0.2
b) length of mean turn = 2*length + 2*pole pitch + 0.06 kV + 0.2
c) length of mean turn = 2*length + 2.5*pole pitch – 0.06 kV – 0.2
d) length of mean turn = 2*length – 2.5*pole pitch – 0.06 kV – 0.2

Answer: a
Explanation: The length of the slots is obtained along with the pole pitch. The output kV
is calculated and on substituting we get the length of mean turn.

262. The flux density in the armature core of salient pole machines lies
between 1-1.2 Wb per m2.
a) true
b) false

Answer: a
Explanation: The value of depth of core can be calculated by assuming a suitable value
of flux density. The value of the flux density varies from 1-1.2 Wb per m2.
 263. What is the formula for the depth of armature core?
a) depth of armature core = flux / length of the iron core * flux density
b) depth of armature core = flux * length of the iron core * flux density
c) depth of armature core = flux / 2 * length of the iron core * flux density
d) depth of armature core = flux * 2 * length of the iron core * flux density

Answer: c
Explanation: The flux value is calculated along with the length of the iron core. Next, the
suitable flux density is chosen and the depth of armature core is calculated.

264. What is the formula for the outer diameter of the stator?
a) outer diameter = inner diameter + depth of the slots + depth of
armature core
b) outer diameter = inner diameter + 2*depth of the slots + depth of
armature core
c) outer diameter = inner diameter + 2*(depth of the slots + depth of
armature core)
d) outer diameter = inner diameter + depth of the slots + 2*depth of
armature core

Answer: c
Explanation: The depth of the armature core is calculated and the depth of the slots is
also calculated. The inner diameter is calculated and substituting the outer diameter is
obtained.

265. What does the copper factor in PMDC motors represent?

a) it represents the armature circular area for conductors
b) it represents the field circular area for conductors
c) it represents the fraction of the armature circular area for conductors
d) it represents the fraction of the field circular area for conductors

Answer: c
Explanation: The copper factor represents the fraction of the armature circular area for
conductors. It is represented by the letter K.

266. What is the range of the copper factor in PMDC motors?

a) 0.1-0.3
b) 0.1-0.2
c) 0.1-0.4
d) 0.2-0.4
Answer: b
Explanation: The copper factor represents the fraction of the armature circular area for
conductors. The range of the copper factor is between 0.1-0.2.

267. What is the formula for the armature resistance in PMDC motor?
a) armature resistance = (Diameter + length)*total number of armature
conductors/1.2 * 104 * number of parallel paths in the armature2
b) armature resistance = (Diameter + length)*total number of armature
conductors*1.2 * 104 * number of parallel paths in the armature2
c) armature resistance = (Diameter + length)*total number of armature
conductors/1.2 * 104 + number of parallel paths in the armature2
d) armature resistance = (Diameter + length)+total number of armature
conductors/1.2 * 104 * number of parallel paths in the armature2

Answer: a
Explanation: First the diameter, length and the total number of armature conductors are
obtained. Next the number of parallel paths in the armature is calculated and on
substitution it provides the armature resistance.

268. What happens to the diameter when the poles are more than 2?
a) diameter = 2 * diameter * (number of armature teeth embraced by
one coil/total number of armature teeth)
b) diameter = 2.32 * diameter * (number of armature teeth embraced by
one coil/total number of armature teeth)
c) diameter = 2.32 * diameter * (number of armature teeth embraced by
one coil * total number of armature teeth)
d) diameter = 2 * diameter / (number of armature teeth embraced by
one coil/total number of armature teeth)

Answer: b
Explanation: The diameter is the exact calculated value for 2 pole motors. But when the
poles are more than 2, the above formula is made use of to calculate the armature
resistance.

269. What factor does the permeance coefficient depend upon?

a) geometry of the magnet
b) geometry of the magnet, airgap, associated non-portions of the
magnetic circuit
c) airgap
d) associated non-portions of the magnetic circuit

Answer: b
Explanation: The permeance coefficient depends upon the geometry of the magnet and
the airgap. It also depends on the associated non-portions of the magnetic circuit.
 270. What is the range of the permeance coefficient in the PMDC
motors?
a) 3-5
b) 4-9
c) 4-8
d) 3-9

Answer: c
Explanation: The minimum value of the permeance coefficient used in the PMDC motors
is 4. The maximum value of the permeance coefficient used in the PMDC motor is 8.

271. What is the usual value of the permeance coefficient of the PMDC
motor?
a) 4
b) 5
c) 6
d) 7

Answer: c
Explanation: The range of the permeance coefficient for the PMDC motor is 4-8. The
value is usually around 6 for most of the applications.

272. The field current flowing in the conductor’s acts as demagnetizing

force on the fraction tips of the magnet.
a) true
b) false

Answer: b
Explanation: The armature current flowing in the conductors acts as demagnetizing
force. Its acts on the fraction tips of the magnets present.

273. What is the value of the demagnetizing coefficient if the total

number of teeth is greater than 107?
a) d = angle/360
b) d = angle/240
c) d = angle/540
d) d = angle/720
Answer: d
Explanation: If the total number of teeth is greater than 107 then the demagnetizing
coefficient become the ratio of the angle and 720. Otherwise d is one half the ratio of the
maximum number of teeth that can be situated within the angle to the total number of
teeth.

274. What is the value of the reluctance factor in the calculation of the
intensity of magnetic field?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 1.15
d) 1,45

Answer: c
Explanation: The reluctance factor is one of the factors made use of in the calculation of
the intensity of magnetic field. The value of the reluctance factor is around 1.15
generally.

275. What is the formula of the magnetic to electrical boarding ratio?

a) magnetic to electrical boarding ratio = number of poles * permeance
coefficient * flux per pole/number of conductors * armature current
b) magnetic to electrical boarding ratio = number of poles / permeance
coefficient * flux per pole*number of conductors * armature current
c) magnetic to electrical boarding ratio = number of poles + permeance
coefficient * flux per pole/number of conductors * armature current
d) magnetic to electrical boarding ratio = number of poles * permeance
coefficient / flux per pole*number of conductors * armature current

Answer: a
Explanation: The permeance coefficient is first calculated along with the number of poles
and the flux per pole. Then the number of conductors are noted and the armature
current is calculated to give the magnetic to electrical boarding ratio.

276. How is the value of the magnetic to electrical boarding ratio related
with the volume of iron and volume of copper?
a) high magnetic to electrical boarding ratio gives high copper volume
and high iron volume
b) high magnetic to electrical boarding ratio gives low copper volume
and high iron volume
c) low magnetic to electrical boarding ratio gives low copper volume and
low iron volume
d) low magnetic to electrical boarding ratio gives low copper volume
and high iron volume
Answer: b
Explanation: The high value of magnetic to electrical boarding ratio gives a high volume
of iron. But the high value of magnetic to electrical boarding ratio gives low copper
volume.

277. For good performance the small dc motor should have magnetic to
electrical boarding ratio greater than 70.
a) true
b) false

Answer: b
Explanation: The performance of the small DC motor depends on the magnetic to
electrical boarding ratio. The magnetic to electrical boarding ratio should be greater than
50 for good performance.

278. What is the formula for the flux density for the PM motors?
a) flux density = residual flux density / 1 + (1.11/permeance coefficient)
b) flux density = residual flux density * 1 + (1.11/permeance coefficient)
c) flux density = residual flux density / 1 + (1.11*permeance coefficient)
d) flux density = residual flux density * 1 + (1.11*permeance coefficient)

Answer: a
Explanation: The residual flux density is calculated first along with the permeance
coefficient to obtain the flux density of the PMDC motor. The flux density is 0.85 times
the residual flux density.

279. How many design steps are present in the design of PMDC
motors?
a) 8
b) 9
c) 10
d) 11

Answer: d
Explanation: There are 11 steps involves in the design of the PMDC motors. They are
minimum sum of air gap volume and magnet volume, ratio of magnetic to electric
loading, area of magnet, length of magnet, value of flux, number of turns per coil,
running armature resistance, armature diameter, axial dimensions, wire cross section
and radial thickness.
 280. What happens to the armature diameter and the volume of air gap
and magnet when the angle is lower in value?
a) volume of air gap and magnet increases, armature diameter
increases
b) volume of air gap and magnet increases, armature diameter
decreases
c) volume of air gap and magnet decreases, armature diameter
decreases
d) volume of air gap and magnet decreases, armature diameter
increases

Answer: d
Explanation: The lower values of angle, reduces the volume of air gap and magnet. The
reduction of volume of air gap and magnet, increases the armature diameter.

281. What should be the range of the product of the magnetic field and
magnetic flux density?
a) 4-4.5 * 106
b) 4-4.3 * 106
c) 4.3-4.6 * 106
d) 4.2-4.5 * 106

Answer: c
Explanation: The product of the magnetic field and magnetic flux density has a minimum
value of 4.3 * 106. The product of the magnetic field and magnetic flux density has a
minimum value of 4.6 * 106.

282. What should be the minimum value of the ratio of the magnetic to
electric loading?
a) 40
b) 30
c) 50
d) 60

Answer: c
Explanation: The calculation of the ratio of the magnetic to electric loading is the second
step in the design of the PMDC motors. It should have a minimum value of 50.

283. What is the formula for the area of the magnet in the design of
PMDC motors?
a) area of magnet = flux * 4.95 * residual flux density
b) area of magnet = flux / 4.95 * residual flux density
c) area of magnet = flux * 4.95 / residual flux density
 d) area of magnet = 1/flux * 4.95 * residual flux density

Answer: b
Explanation: First the residual flux density is calculated. Next, the flux is calculated and
substitution in the formula gives the area of magnet.

284. What is the range of length of the magnet in the PMDC motors?
a) 2.5-4 cm
b) 2-3 cm
c) 2.5-3 cm
d) 1.5-4 cm

Answer: a
Explanation: The minimum value of the length of the magnet in the PMDC motor is 2.5
cm. The maximum value of the length of the magnet in the PMDC motor is 4 cm.

285. What is the formula of the length of the magnet?

a) length of the magnet = sum of the volume of air gap and magnet *
Area of the magnet + 0.06
b) length of the magnet = sum of the volume of air gap and magnet /
Area of the magnet + 0.06
c) length of the magnet = sum of the volume of air gap and magnet /
Area of the magnet – 0.06
d) length of the magnet = sum of the volume of air gap and magnet *
Area of the magnet – 0.06

Answer: c
Explanation: The sum of the volume of the air gap and magnet is first calculated. Next,
the area of the magnet is calculated from its formula and on substitution gives the length
of the magnet.

286. What is the relation between the flux and the no local speed?
a) flux is directly proportional to the no local speed
b) flux is indirectly proportional to the no local speed
c) flux is directly proportional to the square of the no local speed
d) flux is indirectly proportional to the square of the no local speed

Answer: b
Explanation: The calculation of the flux value is one of the design steps. The flux is
indirectly proportional to the no local speed calculated.
 287. What is the formula of the number of turns per coil?
a) number of turns per coil = number of conductors/2*coils/slot*number
of armature teeth
b) number of turns per coil = number of conductors*2*coils/slot*number
of armature teeth
c) number of turns per coil = number of conductors*2*coils/slot/number
of armature teeth
d) number of turns per coil = number of conductors/2*coils/slot/number
of armature teeth

Answer: a
Explanation: The number of conductors is calculated along with the coils per slot is
calculated. Next, the number of armature teeth is calculated, and on substitution gives
the number of turns per coil.

288. What is the formula for the armature resistance?

a) armature resistance = running armature resistance / 1.0 to 1.0
b) armature resistance = running armature resistance * 1.3 to 1.5
c) armature resistance = running armature resistance * 1.4 to 1.5
d) armature resistance = running armature resistance / 1.3 to 1.3

Answer: d
Explanation: The running armature resistance is first calculated in the PMDC motor. It is
divided by 1.3 and that gives the armature resistance of the machine.

289. What is the relation between axial dimension and the area of the
magnet?
a) area of the magnet is directly proportional to the axial dimension
b) area of the magnet is indirectly proportional to the axial dimension
c) area of the magnet is directly proportional to the square of the axial
dimension
d) area of the magnet is indirectly proportional to the square of the axial
dimension

Answer: a
Explanation: The calculation of the axial dimension is one of the steps in the PMDC
motors. The axial dimension is directly proportional to area of the magnet.
 290. What is the relation of the wire cross-section with respect to the
armature resistance?
a) wire section is directly proportional to the armature resistance
b) wire section is indirectly proportional to the armature resistance
c) wire section is directly proportional to the square of the armature
resistance
d) wire section is indirectly proportional to the square of the armature
resistance

Answer: a
Explanation: The 10th design step of the PMDC motor is the calculation of the wire cross
section. The wire cross section is directly proportional to the armature resistance.

291. . The radial thickness of the joke directly proportional to the flux.
a) true
b) false

Answer: a
Explanation: The last design step in the PMDC motor is the calculation of the radial
thickness of the joke. The flux value is directly proportional to the radial thickness of the
joke.

292. The radial thickness of the joke is directly proportional to the length
of the stator slots.
a) true
b) false

Answer: b
Explanation: The last design step in the PMDC motor is the calculation of the radial
thickness of the joke. The radial thickness of the joke is indirectly proportional to the
length of the stator slots.
 293. What is the formula for the length of the stator slots?
a) length of the stator slots = 2 * perimeter of one magnet
b) length of the stator slots = 1/2 * perimeter of one magnet
c) length of the stator slots = 1/3 * perimeter of one magnet
d) length of the stator slots = 3 * perimeter of one magnet

Answer: b
Explanation: The length of the stator slots is required in the calculation of the radial
thickness of the joke. The length of the stator slots is equal to half the perimeter of one
magnet.

294. What is the relation between number of poles and total volume of
magnet?
a) number of poles is directly proportional to the total volume of the
magnet
b) number of poles is indirectly proportional to the total volume of the
magnet
c) number of poles is directly proportional to the square of the total
volume of the magnet
d) number of poles is indirectly proportional to the square of the total
volume of the magnet

Answer: b
Explanation: The first design consideration in the PMDC motor is the number of poles.
The volume of the magnet is indirectly proportional to the number of poles.

295. What is the relation between number of poles and flux reversal in
the armature?
a) number of poles is directly proportional to the flux reversal in the
armature
b) number of poles is indirectly proportional to the flux reversal in the
armature
c) number of poles is directly proportional to the square of the flux
reversal in the armature
d) number of poles is indirectly proportional to the square of the flux
reversal in the armature

Answer: a
Explanation: The first design consideration in the PMDC motor is the number of poles.
The flux reversal in the armature is directly proportional to the number of poles.
 296. How many number of poles should be used for large motors of
relatively low speed?
a) should be equal to 2
b) should be lesser than 2
c) should be greater than 2
d) should be more than 4

Answer: c
Explanation: The number of poles should be greater than 2 for large motors with
relatively low speed. The number of poles is equal to 2 for small motors.

297. In the PMDC motors the brush shift should be approached with
considerable caution.
a) true
b) false

Answer: a
Explanation: The brush shift in the PMDC motor should be approached with
considerable caution. This is because as flux shift in the ceramic magnet will be found to
be almost negligible.

298. What is the relation of the brush shift with the demagnetization
effect?
a) brush shift is directly proportional to the demagnetization effect
b) brush shift is indirectly proportional to the demagnetization effect
c) brush shift is directly proportional to the square of the
demagnetization effect
d) brush shift is indirectly proportional to the square of the
demagnetization effect

Answer: a
Explanation: The second design consideration is the brushes in the PMDC motor. The
brush shift increases the demagnetizing effect.

299. How many primary reasons are present for the thermal failure?
a) 3
b) 4
c) 2
d) 5
Answer: c
Explanation: There are 2 primary reasons for the thermal failure. The first one is an
increase of the resistance of motor winding and second one is the inability of the motor
to dissipate the heat generated.

300. What does the increase of the resistance of the motor winding
cause?
a) high starting current
b) low motor torque
c) low starting current
d) high motor torque

Answer: b
Explanation: The increase of the resistance of the motor winding is one of the cause of
thermal failure. This produces lower motor torque in the machine.

301. What does the inability of the motor to dissipate the heat cause?
a) causes high starting current
b) insulation failure
c) causes low starting current
d) causes high starting current

Answer: b
Explanation: The inability of the motor to dissipate the heat is one of the causes of
thermal failure. The inability of the motor to dissipate heat causes insulation failure.

302. What is the solution to prevent the increase of resistance of motor

windings?
a) higher ventilation arrangement
b) reduction in the number of poles
c) increase the coil windings
d) insulate the windings

Answer: a
Explanation: The increase of resistance of the motor winding is one of the cause of
thermal failure. They can be reduced by providing a higher ventilation arrangement in
the machine.

303. How many types of gears are made use of in the PMDC motors?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
 d) 4

Answer: c
Explanation: Generally 3 types of gears are made use of in the PMDC motors. They are
spur gears, helical gears, and worm gears.

304. What type of gears are used in the small loads and low inertia
motors?
a) spur gears
b) helical gears
c) worm gears
d) worm gears and helical gears

Answer: a
Explanation: Three types of gears are made use of in the PMDC motors. The spur gears
are made use of in the low inertia and small load motors.

305. What type of gear is made use of in the high inertia motors?
a) spur gears
b) helical gears
c) worm gears
d) spur and helical gears

Answer: c
Explanation: There are three types of gears made use of in the PMDC motors. The
worm gears are used in the high inertia load.

306. What type of gear is made use for the silent operation?
a) spur gears
b) helical gears
c) worm gears
d) spur gears and worm gears

Answer: b
Explanation: There are three types of gears made use of in the gearing system of the
PMDC motors. The helical gears is made use for the silent operation.

307. How many types of bearings are made use of in the PMDC
motors?
a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
 d) 5

Answer: a
Explanation: There are two types of bearings used in the PMDC motors. They are bell
bearing and the journal bearing.

308. How many principle types of lubricants are available in the PMDC
motor?
a) 2
b) 3
c) 5
d) 7

Answer: b
Explanation: There are 3 principle types of lubricants in use. They are oil, dry film
lubricants and grease.

309. How many types of electromagnets are present?

a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 5

Answer: a
Explanation: There are 2 types of electromagnets present. They are i) Tractive type and
ii) Portative type.

310. What is the other name of the Tractive electromagnet and what is
the means of movement of the armature?
a) solenoidal, electrical movement
b) solenoidal, mechanical movement
c) traction, electrical movement
d) traction, mechanical movement

Answer: b
Explanation: The other name for the tractive electromagnet is solenoids. They are
designed to produce mechanical.
 311. What is the supply given to the tractive electromagnets?
a) only dc supply
b) only ac supply
c) ac and dc supply
d) ac or dc supply

Answer: d
Explanation: The other name for the tractive electromagnet is solenoids. The tractive
electromagnets are operated either from ac or dc supply.

312. Among the following what are the applications of the tractive
electromagents?
a) track switches
b) electric bells
c) buzzers
d) track switches, bells, buzzers

Answer: d
Explanation: The tractive electromagnets have a large number of applications. They are
made use of in the track switches, electric bells and buzzers.

313. How does the portative electromagnet work as?

a) holding magnet
b) connecting magnet
c) repulsion magnets
d) attraction magnets

Answer: a
Explanation: The second type of electromagnet is the portative electromagnet. They
usually function as a holding magnet.

314. What type of supply is being provided to the portative

electromagnet?
a) only ac supply
b) only dc supply
c) ac and dc supply
d) ac or dc supply

Answer: b
Explanation: Portative electromagnets are one type of electromagnet, which function as
a holding magnet. They operated usually from dc supply only.

315. How many most commonly used electromagnets are present?

a) 2
 b) 3
c) 4
d) 5

Answer: b
Explanation: There are 3 most commonly used electromagnets are present. They are I)
Flat-faced armature type, II) Horse shoe type, III) Flat-faced plunger type.

316. What type of magnet is made use of to produce large force through
a relatively small distance?
a) flat-faced armature type
b) horse shoe type
c) flat-faced plunger type
d) flat-faced plunger type and horse shoe type

Answer: a
Explanation: There are 3 types of most commonly used electromagnets. The flat faced
armature type electromagnet is made use of to produce large force through a relatively
small distance.

317. What material is the flat faced armature type made of?
a) hard steel
b) cast steel
c) cast iron
d) soft steel

Answer: b
Explanation: The flat faced armature type is made up of cast steel. It is used for lifting
scrap iron, sheet iron and iron castings.

318. How are the air gaps arranged in the flat faced armature type?
a) magnetic in series and mechanical in parallel
b) magnetic in series and parallel
c) mechanical in series and parallel
d) magnetic in parallel and mechanical in series

Answer: a
Explanation: The flat faced armature types have 2 air gaps within them. They are
magnetic in series and are mechanical in parallel and hence produce a holding surface
of large effective area.
 319. Which among the following are the application of portative
electromagnets?
a) lifting magnets
b) magnetic clutches
c) magnetic chucks
d) lifting magnets, magnetic clutches, magnetic chucks

Answer: d
Explanation: The portative electromagnets generally function as holding magnets. The
lifting magnets, magnetic chucks, magnetic clutches are all applications of portative
electromagnets.
320. What is the relation between force and the air gap length in the flat-
faced armature type?
a) force is directly proportional to the air gap length
b) force is indirectly proportional to the air gap length
c) force is directly proportional to the square of the air gap length
d) force is indirectly proportional to the square of the air gap length

Answer: c
Explanation: The force is directly proportional to the square of the air gap length. This
condition exists under ideal conditions wherein the effects of saturation and magnetic
leakage are negligible.

321. Horse shoe is usually employed for the small magnets.

a) true
b) false

Answer: a
Explanation: The horse shoe is usually employed for the small magnets. It is because of
the mechanical adaptability and the ease with which it can be constructed.

322. How many air gaps are present in the flat-faced plunger type?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4

Answer: a
Explanation: The magnetic circuit in the flat faced plunger type is usually short and
heavy. It has only one air gap present.

323. What is the relation of the force and the air gap length in the flat
faced plunger type?
a) force is directly proportional to the air gap length
 b) force is indirectly proportional to the air gap length
c) force is directly proportional to the square of the air gap length
d) force is indirectly proportional to the square of the air gap length

Answer: c
Explanation: Force is directly proportional to the square of the air gap length. The
characteristics are similar to that of the flat-faced armature type.

324. What type of core does the electromagnetic consist of?

a) paramagnetic
b) diamagnetic
c) ferromagnetic
d) paramagnetic and diamagnetic

Answer: c
Explanation: Electromagnets consists of a ferromagnetic core. It carries the flux and a
winding which produces a flux when excited by an external source.

325. What material is used for the construction of core of

electromagnets?
a) soft magnetic materials
b) hard magnetic materials
c) non-magnetic materials
d) anti-ferromagnetic materials

Answer: a
Explanation: The electromagnets consist of ferromagnetic core. The soft magnetic
materials are made use of in the construction of core of electromagnets.

326. What are the ferromagnetic elements used in the electromagnets?

a) iron
b) nickel
c) cobalt
d) iron, nickel, cobalt

Answer: d
Explanation: The electromagnets consist of ferromagnetic core. The ferromagnetic
materials include iron. nickel and cobalt.

327. What are the non-magnetic materials being used in the

electromagnets?
 a) silicon
b) molybdenum
c) silicon, chromium, molybdenum
d) chromium

Answer: c
Explanation: The electromagnets consists of the ferromagnetic core. Some times the
non-ferro-magnetic materials are being made use of like silicon, chromium and
molybdenum.

328. Coils are being made use of in electromagnets as an exciting

source for production of magnetic field.
a) true
b) false

Answer: a
Explanation: The coils are being made use of in electromagnets. They are used as an
exciting source for the production of magnetic field.

329. What is the insulation material being used in the electromagnets?

a) paper
b) wood
c) brass
d) copper

Answer: a
Explanation: Insulation material is being used in between the coils of the electromagnet
to provide insulation. The material used in the electromagnet is paper.

330. What is the conductor material being used in the electromagnet?

a) copper
b) zinc
c) bronze
d) aluminum

Answer: a
Explanation: Conductor materials are being used in the electromagnet to conduct the
current in the electromagnet. Copper is the material used in the electromagnet.

331. What type of conductors are being used in the coils made of heavy
wire?
a) circular
 b) rounded
c) conical
d) rectangular

Answer: d
Explanation: The cross-section of coils is generally rectangular and the cross-section of
conductors is usually rounded. The coils made of heavy wires, rectangular conductors
with rounded corners are used.

332. The coil insulation used in the electromagnets is of sheet form.

a) true
b) false

Answer: a
Explanation: Insulation material used in the machine is usually paper. The insulation is
arranged in the form of sheets.

333. What materials are used along with paper for insulation?
a) varnish
b) glass
c) synthetic resin
d) varnish, glass, synthetic resin

Answer: d
Explanation: The insulation used in the electromagnets is paper. It is being insulated
along with the varnish, glass and synthetic resin and treated into the form of sheets to
form proper insulation.

334. What is the formula for the mean diameter of the magnet coils?
a) mean diameter = inside diameter of coil + outer diameter of coil / 2
b) mean diameter = inside diameter of coil – outer diameter of coil / 2
c) mean diameter = inside diameter of coil * outer diameter of coil / 2
d) mean diameter = inside diameter of coil / outer diameter of coil / 2

Answer: a
Explanation: First the inner diameter of coil is calculated. Secondly, the outer diameter of
coil is calculated. On substitution, we finally get the mean diameter.

335. What is the formula for the outside diameter of the magnet coils?
a) outside diameter = mean diameter + 2*depth of winding
 b) outside diameter = mean diameter + depth of winding
c) outside diameter = mean diameter – 2*depth of winding
d) outside diameter = mean diameter – depth of winding

Answer: b
Explanation: The mean diameter is found out from its respective formula. Next, the depth
of the winding is calculated and on substitution gives the outside diameter.

336. What is the formula for depth of winding of the magnet coils?
a) depth of winding = mean diameter of coil – inner diameter
b) depth of winding = mean diameter of coil + inner diameter
c) depth of winding = mean diameter of coil – 2* inner diameter
d) depth of winding = mean diameter of coil + 2*inner diameter

Answer: a
Explanation: The mean diameter of coil is calculated first from its respective formula.
The inner diameter is next calculated and on substitution gives the depth of winding.

337. What is the formula of the cross winding area of the magnet coils?
a) cross winding area = axial length of coil + depth of winding
b) cross winding area = axial length of coil – depth of winding
c) cross winding area = axial length of coil * depth of winding
d) cross winding area = axial length of coil / depth of winding

Answer: c
Explanation: First the axial length of coil is calculated. Next, the depth of winding is
calculated and on substitution gives the cross winding area of the magnet coils.

338. What is the formula for the length of mean turn of magnet coils?
a) length of mean turns = 3.14 * (inside diameter of coil + depth of
windings)
b) length of mean turns = 3.14 / (inside diameter of coil + depth of
windings)
c) length of mean turns = 3.14 * (inside diameter of coil * depth of
windings)
d) length of mean turns = 3.14 + (inside diameter of coil + depth of
windings)

Answer: a
Explanation: The inside diameter of the coil is first calculated. Next, the depth of
windings is next calculated and on substitution gives the length of mean turns.
 339. What is the formula for the total heat dissipating surface of the
magnet coils?
a) total heat dissipating surface = length of mean turn * depth of winding
* axial length of coil
b) total heat dissipating surface = length of mean turn * depth of winding
+ axial length of coil
c) total heat dissipating surface = 2 * length of mean turn * (depth of
winding + axial length of coil)
d) total heat dissipating surface = 2 * length of mean turn * depth of
winding * axial length of coil

Answer: c
Explanation: The length of mean turn is calculated first. Next, the depth of winding and
axial length of coil is next calculated and on substitution gives the total heat dissipating
surface.
340. What is the formula for the outer cylindrical heat dissipating surface
of the magnet coils?
a) outer cylindrical heat dissipating surface = 3.14 * outer diameter of
coil + axial length of coil
b) outer cylindrical heat dissipating surface = 3.14 + outer diameter of
coil + axial length of coil
c) outer cylindrical heat dissipating surface = 3.14 / outer diameter of
coil + axial length of coil
d) outer cylindrical heat dissipating surface = 3.14 * outer diameter of
coil * axial length of coil

Answer: d
Explanation: The outer diameter of the coil is first calculated. Next, the axial length of the
coil is next calculated and on substitution gives the outer cylindrical heat dissipating
surface of the magnet coils.

341. What is the formula of the inner cylindrical heat dissipating

surface?
a) inner cylindrical heat dissipating surface = length of mean turn * axial
length of coil
b) inner cylindrical heat dissipating surface = 2 *length of mean turn *
axial length of coil
c) inner cylindrical heat dissipating surface = length of mean turn / axial
length of coil
d) inner cylindrical heat dissipating surface =1 / length of mean turn *
axial length of coil

Answer: b
Explanation: The length of mean turn is first calculated. Next, the axial length of coil is
calculated and on substitution gives the inner cylindrical heat dissipating surface.
 342. What is the ambient temperature of the magnet coils?
a) 10°C
b) 15°C
c) 20°C
d) 25°C

Answer: c
Explanation: The temperature is one of the factors which is used in the efficient
operation of the magnet coils. The ambient temperature of the magnet coils is 20°C.

343. What is the formula for the area of the conductors of the magnet
coils?
a) area of the conductors = mmf per coil * resistivity of conductor *
length of mean turn * terminal voltage
b) area of the conductors = mmf per coil / resistivity of conductor *
length of mean turn * terminal voltage
c) area of the conductors = mmf per coil * resistivity of conductor *
length of mean turn / terminal voltage
d) area of the conductors = mmf per coil * resistivity of conductor /
length of mean turn * terminal voltage

Answer: c
Explanation: For calculating the area of the conductors, first the mmf per coil is
calculated along with the resistivity of conductors. The length of mean turn and terminal
voltage is calculated and on substitution gives the area of the conductors.

344. What is the value of the resistivity temperature coefficient of

copper?
a) 0.017 ohm per m per mm2
b) 0.0173 ohm per m per mm2
c) 0.01734 ohm per m per mm2
d) 0.0175 ohm per m per mm2

Answer: c
Explanation: The resistivity temperature coefficient of copper is first calculated at a
temperature of 20°C. The resistivity temperature coefficient of copper is 0.01734 ohm
per m per mm2.
 345. What is the value of the resistance temperature coefficient of
copper?
a) 0.00393 per °C
b) 0.0040 per °C
c) 0.00383 per °C
d) 0.00373 per °C

Answer: a
Explanation: The resistance temperature coefficient of copper is calculated at a
temperature of 20°C. The resistance temperature coefficient of copper is 0.00393 per
°C.

346. What is the formula for total number of turns in the magnet coils?
a) total number of turns = mmf per coil * current
b) total number of turns = mmf per coil / current
c) total number of turns = mmf per coil – current
d) total number of turns = mmf per coil + current

Answer: b
Explanation: The mmf per coil is first calculated. Next, the current flowing through the
coils is measured and on substitution gives the total number of turns.

347. What is the formula for the total winding area?

a) total winding area = number of turns * area of each conductor *
space factor
b) total winding area = number of turns / area of each conductor * space
factor
c) total winding area = number of turns * area of each conductor / space
factor
d) total winding area = 1/number of turns * area of each conductor *
space factor

Answer: c
Explanation: First the number of turns is calculated along with the area of each
conductor. Next, the space factor is calculated and on substitution gives the total
winding area.
 348. What is the definition of current transformer?
a) it is used for measuring high voltage
b) it is used for measuring low voltage
c) it is used for measuring high current
d) it is used for measuring low current

Answer: c
Explanation: For the measuring of high currents, the current transformer is made use of.
The measured current is scaled down to lower values equivalently.

349. How many classifications are present for the current transformers?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4

Answer: b
Explanation: The current transformers is divided into 2 types. They are I) measuring
current transformer and II) protective current transformer.

350. What is the definition of the ideal current transformer?

a) the primary and secondary windings are in exact ratio and same
phase relationship
b) the primary winding and secondary winding ratio is greater than 1
and same phase relationship
c) the primary and secondary winding ratio is lesser than 1 are in exact
ratio and different phase relationship
d) the primary and secondary windings ratio is greater than 1 and
different phase relationship

Answer: a
Explanation: The primary and secondary winding ratio are same. The phase relationship
of the windings are also same.

351. How many types of errors are present in the current transformers?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4

Answer: b
Explanation: There are 2 types of errors present in the current transformers. They are
ratio error and phase angle error.
 352. What is the formula of the angle between secondary induced
voltage and secondary current?
a) phase angle = tan-1 *[(reactance of the secondary winding –
reactance of the external burden) / (resistance of the secondary winding
+ resistance of the external burden)]
b) phase angle = tan-1 *[(reactance of the secondary winding –
reactance of the external burden) / (resistance of the secondary winding
– resistance of the external burden)]
c) phase angle = tan-1 *[(reactance of the secondary winding * reactance
of the external burden) / (resistance of the secondary winding +
resistance of the external burden)]
d) phase angle = tan-1 *[(reactance of the secondary winding +
reactance of the external burden) / (resistance of the secondary winding
+ resistance of the external burden)]

Answer: d
Explanation: The reactance of the secondary windings and the external burden is first
calculated. Next, the resistance of the secondary windings and external burden is
calculated and on substitution gives the value of the phase angle.

353. What is the formula of the phase angle of the secondary load
circuit?
a) phase angle of secondary load circuit = tan-1 * (reactance of the
external burden/resistance of the external burden)
b) phase angle of secondary load circuit = tan-1 * (reactance of the
external burden + resistance of the external burden)
c) phase angle of secondary load circuit = tan-1 * (reactance of the
external burden – resistance of the external burden)
d) phase angle of secondary load circuit = tan-1 * (reactance of the
external burden * resistance of the external burden)

Answer: a
Explanation: The reactance and resistance of the external burden is first calculated.
Next, the value is taken tan inverse to obtain the phase angle of secondary load circuit.

354. What is the formula of the ratio error in the current transformers?
a) ratio error = turns ratio – regulation / regulation
b) ratio error = turns ratio + regulation / regulation
c) ratio error = turns ratio * regulation / regulation
d) ratio error = 1 / turns ratio * regulation

Answer: a
Explanation: First the turns ratio is calculated. Next the regulation of the current
transformer is obtained and on substitution gives the ratio error.
 355. The ratio of active conductor section to total conductor section is
called space factor.
a) true
b) false

Answer: a
Explanation: The space factor is a term that is used in the design of the magnet coils. It
is the ratio of the active conductor section to the total conductor section.

356. How many types are the current transformers classified into?
a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 5

Answer: a
Explanation: The current transformers are classified into 2 types. They are wound type
and bar type.

357. What is the wound type current transformer?

a) primary winding having one full turn wound on core
b) primary winding having more than one full turn wound on core
c) secondary winding having one full turn wound on core
d) secondary winding having more than one full turn wound on core

Answer: b
Explanation: The wound type current transformer is one of the classifications of the
current transformers. The primary winding has more than one full turn wound on core.

358. What is the bar type current transformer?

a) primary winding consists of a rod of suitable size and material
b) primary winding consists of a bar of suitable size and material
c) secondary winding consists of a rod of suitable size and material
d) secondary winding consists of a bar of suitable size and material

Answer: b
Explanation: The bar type current transformer is one of the classifications of the current
transformers. In bar type winding, primary winding consists of a bar of suitable size and
material.
 359. How many commonly used shapes of current transformer are
present?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4

Answer: c
Explanation: The current transformers consist of 3 commonly used shapes. They are
stadium, circular, rectangular orifices.

360. What material is made use of for the lamination in the current
transformer?
a) cold rolled steels
b) hot rolled steels
c) copper
d) hot iron

Answer: b
Explanation: The current transformer consists of stacks of laminations. The lamination
used in the current transformer is hot rolled steel.

361. What is the insulation material used in the current transformer?

a) elephantide
b) presspahn
c) elephantide and presspahn
d) elephantide or presspahn

Answer: d
Explanation: The insulation in current transformer is by means of end collars and
circumferential wraps. The insulation material used in elephantide or presspahn.

362. What is the additional usage of the presspahn material used as

insulation material?
a) lamination
b) to reduce the losses
c) to protect secondary winding conductor from mechanical damage
d) to protect secondary winding conductor from electrical damage

Answer: c
Explanation: The presspahn is used as insulating material in the current transformer. In
addition to that the presspahn is also used to protect the secondary winding conductor
from mechanical damage.
 363. What is the other name of the ring type current transformer?
a) brush transformer
b) cloud transformer
c) circular transformer
d) bushing transformer

Answer: d
Explanation: The ring type current transformer is one type of current transformer. It is
also known as the bushing transformer.

364. How many faces are present in the split core current transformer?
a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 5

Answer: a
Explanation: The split core transformer consists of a split core. The split half consists of
2 finely grounded or lapped gap faces.

365. The current transformers are assembled on to the secondary

conductors “on site” for either permanent or temporary duty.
a) true
b) false

Answer: b
Explanation: The current transformers are assembled on to the primary conductors.
They are assembled “on site” for the permanent or temporary duty.

366. What is the insulation material on the primary conductor?

a) bakelized paper tube
b) resin
c) bakelized paper tube and resin
d) bakelized paper tube or resin

Answer: d
Explanation: The insulation material on the primary conductors is generally made up of
the bakelized paper tube. It can also be made use of resin directly moulded on the bar.
 367. How is the reluctance of the interleaved corner related with the
magnetizing current?
a) reluctance of the interleaved corner is directly proportional to the
magnetizing current
b) reluctance of the interleaved corner is indirectly proportional to the
magnetizing current
c) reluctance of the interleaved corner is directly proportional to the
square of the magnetizing current
d) reluctance of the interleaved corner is indirectly proportional to the
square of the magnetizing current

Answer: a
Explanation: The reluctance of the interleaved corner is directly proportional to the
magnetizing current. As the reluctance is being reduced it in turn reduces the
magnetizing current.

368. To reduce the peak voltage between layers, the secondary winding
is being sectionalized.
a) true
b) false

Answer: a
Explanation: The large number of secondary turns requiring more than 1 winding layer,
the secondary winding is sectionalized. This is because to reduce the peak voltage
between layers.

369. How many design principles are present in the current

transformers?
a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 5

Answer: d
Explanation: There are 5 design principles present in the current transformers. They are
core design, secondary current rating, primary current rating, windings and behavior of
the transformer under short circuit current.
 370. What should be done in order to reduce the errors in the core?
a) armature mmf is to kept low
b) field mmf to be kept high
c) the exciting mmf is to be kept low
d) the field mmf is to be kept high

Answer: c
Explanation: The errors in the core are reduced by keeping the exciting mmf low. This
can take place with the core having a low reluctance and low iron loss.

371. How many classifications are the magnetic alloys used in the
current transformers classified into?
a) 3
b) 2
c) 4
d) 5

Answer: a
Explanation: The magnetic alloys used in the current transformers are divided into 3
types. They are hot rolled silicon steel, cold rolled grain oriented silicon steel and nickel
iron alloys.

372. What is the material used in the transformer when the transformer
errors should be small?
a) mumetal cores
b) steel cores
c) permender cores
d) presshamn cores

Answer: a
Explanation: The mumetal cores are commonly used when it is essential that
transformer errors shall be small. Mumetal has the properties of high permeability, low
loss and small retentivity.
 373. What is the relation of the secondary winding leakage reactance
and secondary circuit impedance?
a) secondary winding leakage reactance is directly proportional to the
secondary circuit impedance
b) secondary winding leakage reactance is indirectly proportional to the
secondary circuit impedance
c) secondary winding leakage reactance is directly proportional to the
square of the secondary circuit impedance
d) secondary winding leakage reactance is indirectly proportional to the
square of the secondary circuit impedance

Answer: a
Explanation: The secondary winding leakage reactance is directly proportional to the
secondary circuit impedance. In secondary winding the leakage reactance is reduced
and in turn the secondary circuit impedance is reduced.

374. The ring shaped cores are made use of in the reduction of the
secondary winding leakage reactance and secondary impedance.
a) true
b) false

Answer: a
Explanation: The secondary winding leakage reactance is directly proportional to the
secondary impedance. The ring shaped cores around which the toroidal secondary
windings of one or more layers are uniformly distributed.

375. What type of core is employed when the performance standard

required is not so high?
a) rectangular strips
b) c-shaped sections
c) rectangular strips or c-shaped sections
d) rectangular strips and c-shaped sections

Answer: c
Explanation: Ring core type is used only for the high performance operation. The
rectangular strips or c-shaped sections are used when the standard of performance
required is not so high.
 376. What should the magnetic path be in order to reduce the core
reluctance?
a) length of the magnetic path in core should be low
b) length of the magnetic path in core should be medium
c) length of the magnetic path in core should be high
d) length of the magnetic path in core should be very high

Answer: a
Explanation: The length of the magnetic path in core should be as small as possible.
This reduces the core reluctance of the current transformer.

377. What is the value of the rated secondary current?

a) 1 A
b) 2 A
c) 3 A
d) 5 A

Answer: d
Explanation: The rating of the secondary current is the maximum current that can be
passed through the secondary windings. It is 5 A for the current transformer.

378. What are the disadvantages of the low rated secondary current
transformer?
a) high cost
b) high voltages
c) high voltages or high cost
d) high voltages and high cost

Answer: d
Explanation: When there is a low secondary current rating in the current transformers
they produces high voltages if the secondary is left open. It is also costly to produce the
windings because of the extra time involved in the making.

379. What is the ideal condition with respect to the primary current
rating?
a) ratio of secondary mmf to primary mmf should be high
b) ratio of secondary mmf to primary mmf should be low
c) ratio of excitation mmf to primary mmf should be high
d) ratio of excitation mmf to primary mmf should be low

Answer: d
Explanation: The primary current rating depends on exciting mmf and primary mmf. The
ratio of the exciting mmf to the primary mmf should be low.
 380. What is the rating of the primary current in the current transformer?
a) 200 A
b) 300 A
c) 400 A
d) 500 A

Answer: d
Explanation: The rating of the primary current is minimum 500 A. If the rating is less than
500 A, then multiturn primary windings and rating is above than 500 A, then single turn
winding is enough.

381. What is the use of the turns compensation in current transformer?

a) to increases the ratio error
b) to reduce the ratio error
c) to increase the phase angle error
d) to reduce the phase angle error

Answer: b
Explanation: There are 2 types of errors in the current transformer. The turns
compensation is used to reduce the ratio error.

382. What is the formula of the actual ratio?

a) actual ratio = turns ratio + load current * secondary current
b) actual ratio = turns ratio * load current * secondary current
c) actual ratio = turns ratio + load current / secondary current
d) actual ratio = turns ratio / load current * secondary current

Answer: c
Explanation: The turns ratio is first calculated. Next the load current and secondary
current is calculated and on substitution gives the actual ratio.

383. What happens if the number of secondary turns is reduced?

a) the primary turns is reduced
b) the output is reduced
c) the efficiency is reduced
d) the transformation ratio is reduced

Answer: d
Explanation: The reduction of the number of secondary turns reduces the transformation
ratio. If the number of secondary turns reduces by 1 percent the actual transformation
ratio reduces by equal percentage.
 384. What is the best number of secondary turns of the current
transformer?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 1 or 2 less than the number such that the turns ratio is equal to the
nominal current ratio
d) 1 or 2 more than the number such that the turns ratio is equal to the
nominal current ratio

Answer: c
Explanation: The best number of secondary turns of the current transformer is 1 or 2
less than the number such that the turns ratio is equal to the nominal current ratio. For
example in a 1000/5 current transformer, the secondary turns number would be 198 or
199 rather than 200.

385. The phase angle error is significantly affected by the small change
in secondary turns.
a) true
b) false

Answer: b
Explanation: There are 2 types of errors which is the ratio error and phase angle error.
The phase angle error is not significantly effected by a small change in secondary turns.

386. What is the dimension of the round copper wire made use of in the
windings of current transformer?
a) 3 cm2
b) 3 mm2
c) 3 m2
d) 3 cm

Answer: b
Explanation: Copper strip is used for primary windings. The dimension of the round
copper wire made use of in the windings of current transformer is 3 mm2.

387. What is the range of current density in the windings of the current
transformer?
a) 1-3 A per mm2
b) 2-3 A per mm2
c) 1-2 A per mm2
d) 0.5-2 A per mm2
Answer: c
Explanation: The minimum value of the current density in the windings I A per mm 2. The
maximum value of the current density is 2 A per mm 2.
388. How many factors are present in the behavior of transformer under
short circuit conditions?
a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 5

Answer: b
Explanation: There are 3 factors present in the behavior of the transformer under short
circuit conditions. They are temperature rise, current density, mechanical forces.

389. What is the consideration for the determination of the diameter of

shaft?
a) stiffness
b) voltage
c) current
d) rigidity

Answer: c
Explanation: The main aspect for the design of the diameter of the shaft is the stiffness.
The diameter of the shaft depends on the stiffness of the machine.

390. What is the meaning of stiffness?

a) ability to transmit the power
b) ability to withstand the weight of the rotor
c) ability to withstand unbalanced magnetic pull
d) ability to withstand the weight of rotor and unbalanced magnetic pull

Answer: d
Explanation: The diameter of shaft for an electrical machine is determined by
considerations of stiffness. The stiffness is the ability to withstand the weight of rotor and
unbalanced magnetic pull.

391. What should be the first property of the shaft design?

a) the shaft design should be such that the shaft must have enough
corrosion resistance
b) the shaft design should be such that the shaft must have enough
mechanical strength
c) the shaft design should be such that the shaft has enough tensile
strength
d) the shaft design should be able to withstand the voltage fluctuations
Answer: b
Explanation: The shaft design should be such that the shaft must have enough
mechanical strength. The strength should be such that it should withstand all loads
without causing much residual strain.
392. What is the second property of the shaft design?
a) the shaft design should be such that it has high rigidity
b) the shaft design should be such that it should have high tensile
strength
c) the shaft design should be such that it should have high corrosion
resistance
d) the shaft design should be such that it should withstand voltage
fluctuations

Answer: a
Explanation: The second property of the shaft design such that it should have high
rigidity. The rigidity should be such that the deflection of shaft under operation of
machine does not reach such a dangerous value as to cause the rotor to touch the
stator.

393. The critical speeds of rotation should be different from running

speed of machine.
a) true
b) false

Answer: a
Explanation: The critical speed relation is the third property of the shaft design. The
critical speeds of rotation should be different from the running speed of the machine.

394. What is the formula of the diameter of the shaft?

a) diameter of the shaft = 5.5 + (output in watt/rps)1/3 mm
b) diameter of the shaft = 5.5 – (output in watt/rps)1/3 mm
c) diameter of the shaft = 5.5 * (output in watt/rps)1/3 mm
d) diameter of the shaft = 5.5 / (output in watt/rps)1/3 mm

Answer: c
Explanation: The output is first calculated from the operation of the machine. Next, the
tachogenerator is used to calculate the speed of the machine and on the substitution of
the values gives the diameter of the shaft.

395. What is the relation of the diameter of the shaft in the bearings to
the diameter under the armature?
a) diameter of the shaft is very much greater than the diameter under
the armature
b) diameter of the shaft is greater than the diameter under the armature
 c) diameter of the shaft is equal to the diameter under the armature
d) diameter of the shaft is lesser than the diameter under the armature

Answer: d
Explanation: There are certain rules in the design of the shaft. The diameter of the shaft
in the bearings is less than the diameter under the armature.

396. What happens when the diameter under armature is 150 mm or

above?
a) diameter of the shaft in bearing is 100 mm smaller than the maximum
diameter
b) diameter of the shaft in bearing is 90 mm smaller than the maximum
diameter
c) diameter of the shaft in bearing is 70 mm smaller than the maximum
diameter
d) diameter of the shaft in bearing is 50 mm smaller than the maximum
diameter

Answer: d
Explanation: The diameter of the shaft in the bearings is less than the diameter under
the armature. The diameter of the shaft in bearing is 50 mm smaller than the maximum
diameter.

397. What happens in the case of the small shafts?

a) the diameter in the bearings should be about 1/3 of the maximum
diameter
b) the diameter in the bearing should be about 2/3 of the maximum
diameter
c) the diameter in the bearing should be about 2/5 of the maximum
diameter
d) the diameter in the bearing should be about 1/5 of the maximum
diameter

Answer: b
Explanation: The diameter of the shaft in the bearings is less than the diameter under
the armature. The diameter in the bearing should be 2/3 of the maximum diameter.

398. What bearing is made use of in the horizontal shaft machines?

a) plain bearing
b) thrust bearing
c) push bearing
d) throw bearing
Answer: a
Explanation: The plain bearing is made use of in the horizontal shaft machine. The thrust
bearing are used for vertical shaft machine.

399. What is the plain bearing used?

a) sleeve bearings
b) anti friction bearing
c) sleeve or anti friction bearing
d) sleeve and anti friction bearing

Answer: c
Explanation: The plain bearing can be the sleeve bearings made use of. It can also be
friction bearings used which is either ball or roller bearings.

400. In horizontal shaft machines, the forces acting in which direction is

prominent?
a) circular
b) vertical
c) horizontal
d) radial

Answer: d
Explanation: Plain bearings are made use of for the horizontal shaft machines. The
forces acting in the radial direction are most prominent.

401. In vertical shaft machines, which load is taken up by the thrust

bearings?
a) perpendicular load acting upwards
b) perpendicular load acting downwards
c) axial load acting upwards
d) axial load acting downwards

Answer: d
Explanation: The thrust bearings are made use of for the vertical shaft machines. In
vertical shaft machines, the axial load acting downwards is taken up by the thrust
bearings.

402. How are the radial loads caused?

a) dynamic unbalance of rotor
b) unbalanced magnetic pull of rotor
c) dynamic unbalance of rotor or unbalanced magnetic pull of rotor
d) dynamic unbalance of rotor and unbalanced magnetic pull of rotor
Answer: c
Explanation: The radial loads are caused by the dynamic unbalance of rotor. It can also
be caused by the unbalanced magnetic pull of rotor.

403. What is the additional setup provided to the simple thrust bearing
when it is not able to take up radial loads?
a) ball bearing
b) gear bearing
c) steel bearing
d) guide bearing

Answer: d
Explanation: Sometimes the simple thrust bearing wont be able to pull the radial loads.
Therefore an additional bearing called guide bearing is provided.

404. How many guide bearings are used along with the simple thrust
bearings to pick up radial loads?
a) 2
b) 3
c) 2 or 3
d) 4

Answer: c
Explanation: The simple thrust bearing cannot pull the radial load and hence guide
bearings are used in addition to it. Usually 2-3 guide bearings are used in vertical shaft
machines depending upon the load.

405. Where are the bearings for the horizontal shaft placed?
a) outside the machine
b) in the end shields of the machine
c) outside the machine or in the end shields of the machine
d) outside the machine and in the end shields of the machine

Answer: c
Explanation: The bearings for the horizontal shaft machines are being placed outside the
machine. It can also be placed along the end shields of the machine.

406. What is the other name of the bearings outside the machine?
a) ball bearing
b) pedestal bearing
c) guide bearing
d) gear bearing
Answer: b
Explanation: The bearings for the horizontal shaft machines are placed outside the
machine or in the end shields of the machine. The other name for the bearings outside
the machine is pedestal bearing.

407. The phosphor bronze sleeve bearings are used for the small
electrical machines.
a) true
b) false

Answer: a
Explanation: The phosphor bronze sleeve bearings are used for the small electrical
machines. The diameter of the machines are between 50-60 mm.

408. Anti-friction bearings are lubricated by charcoal.

a) true
b) false

Answer: b
Explanation: Anti-friction bearings are one type of bearing used to take radial loads.
They are always lubricated by grease.

409. What is the work of the frame of dc machines?

a) to reduce the voltage
b) to reduce the flux
c) to carry the flux
d) to carry the current

Answer: c
Explanation: The main function of the frame of dc machines is to carry the flux. Thus the
frame must be large enough to carry flux.

410. Why is the length of the yoke made larger?

a) to protect the armature windings
b) to cover the armature windings
c) to cover the field windings
d) to cover and protect the field windings

Answer: d
Explanation: The length of the yoke is usually made larger than the pole cores. It is
because to cover and protect the field windings.
 411. What is the formula for the depth of the yoke?
a) depth of yoke = thickness/2
b) depth of yoke = thickness
c) depth of yoke = 2*thickness
d) depth of yoke = 3*thickness

Answer: b
Explanation: The depth of yoke is equal to the thickness of the yoke. It is calculated to
give the required cross-section for the magnetic circuit.

412. In large machines, the thickness is relatively larger to the diameter.

a) true
b) false

Answer: b
Explanation: The thickness is used in the calculation of the depth of the yoke. In large
machines, the thickness is relatively smaller to the diameter.

413. What is the formula in order to check the rigidity?

a) moment of inertia ≥ (weight of magnetic frame * radius2 * 10-6) / 225
b) moment of inertia ≤ (weight of magnetic frame * radius2 * 10-6) / 225
c) moment of inertia = (weight of magnetic frame * radius2 * 10-6) / 225
d) moment of inertia < (weight of magnetic frame * radius2 * 10-6) / 225

Answer: a
Explanation: The moment of inertia, the weight of magnetic frame and the radius is
calculated first. The machine is highly rigid if the moment of inertia is greater than or
equal to the product of weight of magnetic frame and square of radius divided by 225.

414. What is the formula for the thickness of the ac machines?

a) thickness = 40 * inner diameter of frame/12
b) thickness = 40 + inner diameter of frame/12
c) thickness = 40 – inner diameter of frame/12
d) thickness = 40 * inner diameter of frame*12

Answer: a
Explanation: The thickness of the ac machines depend upon the inner diameter of the
frame. On obtaining the inner diameter of frame and on substitution gives the thickness
of ac machines.
 415. What is the formula for the breadth of the ac machine?
a) breadth = 6 + 0.01 * inner diameter of frame
b) breadth = 6 – 0.01 * inner diameter of frame
c) breadth = 6 * 0.01 * inner diameter of frame
d) breadth = 6 / 0.01 * inner diameter of frame

Answer: a
Explanation: The breadth of the ac machines also depends upon the inner diameter of
the frame. On substituting the values the breadth is calculated.

416. What is the formula for the checking of rigidity of induction

machines?
a) moment of inertia ≥ radius / length of stator core * 90
b) moment of inertia ≥ radius * length of stator core * 90
c) moment of inertia ≥ radius * length of stator core / 90
d) moment of inertia ≤ radius / length of stator core * 90

Answer: c
Explanation: The radius and length of the stator core along with the moment of inertia is
calculated. If the moment of inertia is greater than or equal to the product of length and
radius divided by 90, the machine is more rigid.

417. What is the formula for the radius at the centre of gravity?
a) radius at the centre of gravity = inner diameter1.5/6.3
b) radius at the centre of gravity = inner diameter2/6.3
c) radius at the centre of gravity = outer diameter1.5/6.3
d) radius at the centre of gravity = outer diameter2/6.3

Answer: c
Explanation: The outer diameter of stator core is first calculated. On substituting the
values the radius at the centre of gravity is obtained.

418. What is the formula of the centrifugal force?

a) centrifugal force = weight of revolving body * 39.43 * speed2 * radius
of circular path
b) centrifugal force = weight of revolving body / 39.43 * speed2 * radius
of circular path
c) centrifugal force = weight of revolving body * 39.43 / speed2 * radius
of circular path
d) centrifugal force = weight of revolving body * 39.43 * speed2 / radius
 of circular path

Answer: a
Explanation: The weight of revolving body, speed, radius of circular path is calculated.
On substitution the centrifugal force is obtained.

419. What is the use of the wire bands of rotor?

a) used for bracing the rotor windings
b) used for circulating the current in the rotor windings
c) used for the encircling of the rotor windings
d) used for the protecting the rotor windings

Answer: a
Explanation: Bands used on the rotors of electrical machines are intended for bracing
the rotor windings. This is done against their shift in the radial direction under action of
centrifugal forces.

420. Where are the wire bands placed?

a) active portions of rotor conductors
b) inactive portions of rotor conductors
c) active or inactive portions of rotor conductors
d) active and inactive portions of the rotor conductors

Answer: d
Explanation: The wire bands are placed on the active portions of the rotor conductors.
They are also placed in the inactive portions of the rotor conductors.

421. What are the factors on which the sizes of bands placed on
depend?
a) length of air gap
b) method of cooling of armatures
c) length of air gap and method of cooling of armatures
d) method of cooling of armatures or length of air gap
Answer: c
Explanation: The sizes of bands placed on the active portions of the conductors depend
upon the length of air gap. They also depend upon the method of cooling of armatures.

422. In what machines are the wire bands along the active length of
windings placed?
a) dc or ac machines
b) dc and ac machines
c) dc machines
d) ac machines

Answer: c
Explanation: Wire bands are generally placed on both the active and inactive portions of
rotor conductors. The wire bands along the active length of windings are placed along
the dc machines.

423. What is the range of the width of each band that should not be
exceeded?
a) 10-15 mm
b) 15-20 mm
c) 20-25 mm
d) 18-23 mm

Answer: b
Explanation: Bands placed along the active length of windings are housed in the ring
slots. The width of each band should not exceed 15 to 20 mm.

424. What is the maximum value above which the total width of the
bands should not exceed?
a) 25-35% of the axial length of armature core
b) 30-35% of the axial length of armature core
c) 25-30% of the axial length of armature core
d) 35-40% of the axial length of armature core

Answer: a
Explanation: The total width should not exceed 25% of the axial length of the armature
core. The total width should not exceed maximum of 35% of the axial length of the
armature core.

425. What is the formula for the breadth of the ring slot?
a) breadth of the ring slot = (number of turns in a band + 1)*diameter of
band wire – 2*constant
b) breadth of the ring slot = (number of turns in a band + 1)*diameter of
 band wire + 2*constant
c) breadth of the ring slot = (number of turns in a band + 1)*diameter of
band wire * 2*constant
d) breadth of the ring slot = (number of turns in a band + 1)*diameter of
band wire / 2*constant

Answer: b
Explanation: The number of turns in a band is first calculated along with the diameter of
band wire. The value of constant is just fixed and on substitution gives the breadth of the
ring slot.

426. What is the value of the constant used in the calculation of the
breadth of the ring slot for the diameter of band wire < 1.5 mm?
a) 1 mm
b) 1.5 mm
c) 2 mm
d) 3 mm

Answer: a
Explanation: The value of the constant used in the calculation of the breadth of the ring
slot is 1 mm for the diameter of band wire < 1.5 mm. The value of the constant used in
the calculation of the breadth of the ring slot is 1.5 mm for the diameter of band wire >
1.5 mm.

427. What is the maximum width of the bands placed on the end
windings of induction machines and high speed dc machines?
a) 30 mm
b) 35 mm
c) 40 mm
d) 45 mm

Answer: c
Explanation: The maximum width are obtained for the bands placed on the end windings
of induction machines and high speed dc machines. The maximum width is 40 mm.

428. What is the diameter of the wire bands made of tin, steel or bronze
wire?
 a) 2 mm
b) 1 mm
c) 4 mm
d) 3 mm

Answer: d
Explanation: The wire bands are generally made up of tin, steel or bronze wires. The
diameter of those wire bands are 3 mm.

429. What is the function of the bands when it is placed on overhang?

a) used to reduce the centrifugal forces
b) used to increase the centrifugal forces
c) used to balance the centrifugal forces
d) used to withstand the centrifugal forces

Answer: d
Explanation: The bands when placed on overhead only are used to withstand the
centrifugal forces. The centrifugal forces are due to the weight of the overhang.
430. What is the function of the bands when they are distributed along
the axial length of armature?
a) used to reduce the centrifugal forces
b) used to increase the centrifugal forces
c) used to decrease the centrifugal forces
d) used to withstand the centrifugal forces

Answer: d
Explanation: The bands are distributed along the axial length of the armature and they
withstand the centrifugal forces. The centrifugal forces are due to the weight of both the
active and inactive parts of armature.

431. What is the formula of the mean diameter at the position of centre
of gravity?
a) mean diameter at the position of centre of gravity = Inner diameter +
diameter of stator wires
b) mean diameter at the position of centre of gravity = Inner diameter *
diameter of stator wires
c) mean diameter at the position of centre of gravity = Inner diameter /
diameter of stator wires
d) mean diameter at the position of centre of gravity = Inner diameter –
diameter of stator wires

Answer: d
Explanation: The inner diameter and the diameter of the stator wires is first calculated.
Then on substitution gives the mean diameter at the position of centre of gravity.
 432. What is the value of permissible stress for bronze wire for the
diameter of branding wire of 1 mm?
a) 350 NM per m2
b) 250 NM per m2
c) 300 NM per m2
d) 450 NM per m2

Answer: a
Explanation: The permissible stress for bronze wire for the diameter of branding wire of
1 mm is 350 NM per m2. The permissible stress for bronze wire for the diameter of
branding wire of 1.5 mm is 300 NM per m 2.

433. What is the value of permissible stress for steel wire for the
diameter of branding wire of 0.5-1.2 mm?
a) 570 NM per m2
b) 600 NM per m2
c) 650 NM per m2
d) 700 NM per m2

Answer: b
Explanation: The value of permissible stress for steel wire for the diameter of branding
wire of 0.5-1.2 mm is 600 NM per m2. The value of permissible stress for steel wire for
the diameter of branding wire of 1.5-2 mm is 570 NM per m2.

434. What is the formula for the fundamental relationship for the design
of the ventilation system?
a) head of air inside the machine = hydrodynamic resistance * volume
of air passing2
b) head of air inside the machine = hydrodynamic resistance + volume
of air passing2
c) head of air inside the machine = hydrodynamic resistance – volume
of air passing2
d) head of air inside the machine = hydrodynamic resistance / volume
of air passing2
Answer: a
Explanation: First the hydrodynamic resistance is calculated along with the volume of air
passing. On substitution in the formula gives the head of air inside the machine.

435. What is the formula for the total head produced?

a) total head produced = ∑ coefficient of hydrodynamic resistance +
volume of air passing per second2
b) total head produced = ∑ coefficient of hydrodynamic resistance –
volume of air passing per second2
c) total head produced = ∑ coefficient of hydrodynamic resistance *
volume of air passing per second2
d) total head produced = ∑ coefficient of hydrodynamic resistance /
volume of air passing per second2

Answer: c
Explanation: The various coefficient of hydrodynamic resistance is calculated along with
the volume of air passing per second. On substituting the various values and on addition
gives the total head produced.

436. What are the ventilating parts in the ventilating circuits?

a) sharp or projecting inlet edges
b) inlet corners
c) variations in cross-sections of air paths
d) sharp or projecting inlet edges, inlet corners, variations in cross-
sections of air paths

Answer: d
Explanation: There are various ventilation parts provided in the ventilation circuits. They
are sharp or projecting inlet edges, inlet corners, variations in cross-sections of air paths.

437. What is the range of the coefficients of hydrodynamic resistances

for the protruding edges at inlet?
a) 40-50 * 10-3
b) 40-60 * 10-3
c) 30-50 * 10-3
d) 30-40 * 10-3

Answer: b
Explanation: The coefficients of hydrodynamic resistances are used in the calculation of
the total head. For protruding edges the range is about 40-60 * 10-3.
 438. What is the range of the coefficients of hydrodynamic resistances
for the rectangular edges at inlet?
a) 10-20 * 10-3
b) 30 * 10-3
c) 20-30 * 10-3
d) 20-25 * 10-3

Answer: b
Explanation: The coefficients of hydrodynamic resistances are used in the calculation of
the total head. For rectangular edges the range is about 30 * 10-3.

439. What is the range of the coefficients of hydrodynamic resistances

for the rounded edges at inlet?
a) 12-20 * 10-3
b) 10-20 * 10-3
c) 15-20 * 10-3
d) 12-30 * 10-3

Answer: a
Explanation: The coefficients of hydrodynamic resistances are used in the calculation of
the total head. For rounded edges the range is about 12-20 * 10-3.
440. What factor/factors are required to evaluate the hydrodynamic
resistance?
a) area of cross section
b) hydrodynamic coefficients
c) area of cross section or hydrodynamic coefficients
d) area of cross section and hydrodynamic coefficients

Answer: d
Explanation: The hydrodynamic resistance is calculated from the hydrodynamic
coefficients. It is also calculated from the area of cross section.

441. How many data are required for the design of fan?
a) 3
b) 4
c) 5
d) 6

Answer: c
Explanation: There are 3 data required in the design of fan. They are outside diameter of
fan, volume of air, hydrodynamic resistance.

442. How many steps are required in the design of the fan?
a) 7
 b) 8
c) 9
d) 6

Answer: a
Explanation: There are 7 steps involved in the design of fan. They are maximum air
passing per second, peripheral speed of fan, width of fan, static head of fan under rated
duty, inside diameter of fan, number of blades, power input of fan.

443. What is the formula for the volume of air?

a) volume of air = 0.9 * losses in kW / difference of air temperature at
inlet and outlet
b) volume of air = 0.9 * losses in kW * difference of air temperature at
inlet and outlet
c) volume of air = 0.9 / losses in kW * difference of air temperature at
inlet and outlet
d) volume of air = 1 / 0.9 * losses in kW * difference of air temperature
at inlet and outlet

Answer: a
Explanation: The losses in kW is calculated along with the difference of air temperatures
at inlet and outlet. On substitution the volume of air can be obtained.
444. What is the range of the difference of air temperature at inlet and
outlet?
a) 11-150C
b) 10-130C
c) 12-160C
d) 14-180C

Answer: c
Explanation: The difference of air temperatures at inlet and outlet has a minimum value
of 120C. The difference of air temperatures at inlet and outlet has a maximum value of
160C.

445. What is the formula for the area of outlet opening?

a) area of outlet opening = maximum air passing per second / 0.42 *
peripheral speed
b) area of outlet opening = maximum air passing per second * 0.42 *
peripheral speed
c) area of outlet opening = maximum air passing per second * 0.42 /
peripheral speed
d) area of outlet opening = 1/maximum air passing per second * 0.42 *
peripheral speed
Answer: a
Explanation: The maximum air passage per second along with the peripheral speed is
calculated. On substitution the area of outlet opening is obtained.

446. What is the formula of the width of fan?

a) width of fan = area of outlet opening * 2.88 * outside diameter */
coefficient of utilization
b) width of fan = 1/ area of outlet opening * 2.88 * outside diameter *
coefficient of utilization
c) width of fan = area of outlet opening * 2.88 * outside diameter *
coefficient of utilization
d) width of fan = area of outlet opening / 2.88 * outside diameter *
coefficient of utilization

Answer: d
Explanation: The area of outlet opening and the outside diameter is calculated. After
fixing the coefficient of utilization and on substituting the width of fan is obtained.

447. What is the formula for the number of blades?

a) number of blades = 3.14 * outside diameter * (1.25 – 1.5)* width of
fan
b) number of blades = 3.14 / outside diameter * (1.25 – 1.5)* width of
fan
c) number of blades = 3.14 * outside diameter / (1.25 – 1.5)* width of
fan
d) number of blades = 3.14 * outside diameter * (1.25 – 1.5) / width of
fan

Answer: c
Explanation: The outside diameter and the width of fan is first calculated. Then the range
is fixed according to the diameter and on substitution gives the number of blades.

448. What is the formula for the maximum air passing per second at
maximum efficiency?
a) maximum air passing = 2 * volume of air passing per second
b) maximum air passing = volume of air passing per second
c) maximum air passing = 2 / volume of air passing per second
d) maximum air passing = volume of air passing per second / 2
Answer: a
Explanation: The volume of air passing per second is first calculated and multiplying it by
2 gives the maximum air passing per second. The maximum air passing per second is
used in the calculation of the area of the outlet opening.

449. What is the special feature of single phase induction motor?

a) high starting torque
b) low starting torque
c) average starting torque
d) zero starting torque

Answer: d
Explanation: The single phase induction motor has no inherent starting torque. Thus
special means should be used to make it self starting.

450. How many methods are present in the self starting of the single
phase induction motor?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4

Answer: c
Explanation: There are 3 methods involved in the self starting of the single phase
induction motor. They are split phase starting, shaded pole starting, repulsion motor
starting.
451. What are the names of the windings used in the split phase
starting?
a) starting windings
b) auxiliary windings
c) starting or auxiliary windings
d) starting and auxiliary windings

Answer: c
Explanation: The single phase induction motor is not self starting. The starting or
auxiliary windings are used along with the running or main windings.

452. What is the displacement of the running and the starting windings
used?
a) running winding displaces the starting winding by 180°
b) running winding displaces the starting winding by 90°
c) starting winding displaces the running winding by 90°
d) starting winding displaces the running winding by 180°
Answer: b
Explanation: The split phase starting makes use of the starting windings along with the
running windings. The running winding displaces the starting windings by 900.

453. How is the required phase displacement between the current in the
running and starting windings obtained?
a) by connecting a suitable resistor
b) by connecting a suitable capacitor
c) by connecting a suitable inductor
d) by connecting a suitable impedance

Answer: d
Explanation: The running winding displaces the starting winding by 90°. The required
phase displacement is obtained by connecting a suitable impedance in series with any
of the windings.

454. When is the starting winding cut out of the circuit in the split phase
motor?
a) when the motor speed reaches 65 % of the full load speed
b) when the motor speed reaches 75 % of the full load speed
c) when the motor speed reaches 50 % of the full load speed
d) when the motor speed reaches 85 % of the full load speed

Answer: b
Explanation: The single phase induction motor is not a self starting machine and hence
starting windings are connected in series with the running winding. The starting windings
are cut out when the motor speed reaches 75 % of the full load speed.

455. What is the shaded pole starting method?

a) part of the pole is shaded by open circuited copper ring
b) part of the pole is shaded by short circuited copper ring
c) the pole is shaded by open circuited copper ring
d) the pole is shaded by short circuited copper ring

Answer: b
Explanation: One of the starting methods of the single phase induction motor is the
shaded pole starting method. Here the part of the pole is shaded by the short circuited
copper ring.

456. What happens in the shaded pole starting method according to the
displacement?
a) displacement between shaded and unshaded portion varies between
20°-25°
b) displacement between shaded and unshaded portion varies between
 20°-35°
c) displacement between shaded and unshaded portion varies between
20°-30°
d) displacement between shaded and unshaded portion varies between
30°-45°

Answer: c
Explanation: The shaded pole starting method is that the part of the pole is shaded by
short circuited copper ring. The displacement between shaded and unshaded portion
varies between 200-300.

457. For what type of machines is the shaded pole starting method
suitable?
a) for outputs below 60 watt
b) for output below 50 watt
c) for output below 40 watt
d) for output above 50 watt

Answer: a
Explanation: The efficiency of the shaded pole starting method is very low. The shaded
pole starting method is used for outputs below 60 watts.

458. When is the repulsion motor starting method used?

a) when low starting torque is required
b) when high starting torque is required
c) when high running torque is required
d) when low running torque is required

Answer: b
Explanation: The repulsion motor starting method is one of the 3 methods of starting the
single phase induction motor. It is used when the high starting torque is required.

459. What is the specialty in the repulsion motor starting method?

a) cage winding is replaced by armature windings
b) cage winding is replaced by field windings
c) cage winding is replaced by commutator windings
d) cage winding is replaced by bearings

Answer: c
Explanation: The repulsion motor starting method is one of the methods used in the
starting of the single phase induction motor. Here the cage winding is replaced by the
commutator windings.
 460. What happens in the repulsion motor starting method?
a) the cage windings is dominant
b) the commutator windings are dominant
c) the rotor windings are dominant
d) the stator windings are dominant

Answer: b
Explanation: The repulsion motor starting method is one of the starting methods of
single phase induction motor. The commutator windings are dominant and hence gives
good starting torque.

461. What is the range of output watt for the shaded pole induction
machine?
a) 0.37-50
b) 90-750
c) 90-3700
d) 7.5-370

Answer: a
Explanation: The range of output watt for capacitor type induction motor is 90-750 and
that of the repulsion start motor is 90-3700. The range of output watt for resistor type
induction motor is 7.5-370 and that of the shaded pole type is 0.37-50.

462. What is the range of the starting current of capacitor type induction
motor?
a) 5-7
b) 4–6
c) 2-6
d) 2-3

Answer: b
Explanation: The range of starting current is 5-7 for resistor type induction motor and
that of the repulsion start motor is 2-3. The range of the starting current of capacitor
induction motor is 4-6.
463. What is the range of the starting torque of shaded pole induction
motor?
a) 2-4
b) 2-3.5
c) 0.2-0.3
d) 0.25-0.5

Answer: c
Explanation: The range of starting torque in the capacitor induction motor is 2-3.5 and
that of the repulsion start induction motor is 2-4. The range of the starting torque of the
shaded pole induction motor is 0.2-0.3.
 464. How many steps are involved in the construction of single phase
induction motor?
a) 3
b) 4
c) 5
d) 6

Answer: c
Explanation: There are 5 steps in the construction of the single phase induction motor.
They are stator, stator windings, rotor, starting switches, electrolytic capacitor.

465. What is the lamination used for the stator?

a) cast iron
b) die cast aluminium alloy frame
c) cast iron or die cast aluminium alloy frame
d) cast iron and die cast aluminium alloy frame

Answer: c
Explanation: The stator is made up of a block of laminations. The block of laminations
are made up of cast iron or die cast aluminium alloy frame.

466. What type of coils are used for winding the single phase induction
motor generally?
a) rectangular coils
b) square coils
c) cruciform coils
d) circular coils

Answer: d
Explanation: The slots house the starting and running windings. The single phase
induction motors are generally wound with concentric coils.

467. How many kinds of single phase windings are present?

a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 5

Answer: b
Explanation: There are basically 3 kinds of single phase windings. They are concentric,
progressive and skein.
 468. How are the poles and pitches in the concentric windings?
a) single pole, different pitches
b) different pole, different pitches
c) different pole, single pitch
d) single pole, single pitch

:a
Explanation: The concentric windings have a single pole for a common centre. They
have different pitches for each individual coil.

469. What is the form of the progressive windings?

a) double layer diamond coil windings
b) single layer diamond coil windings
c) multi layer diamond coil windings
d) three layer diamond coil windings

Answer: b
Explanation: The progressive windings is one kind of the stator windings. They are in the
form of the single layer diamond coil windings.

470. When is the skein winding made use of?

a) when small amount of relatively small size wire is used
b) when large amount of relatively small size wire is used
c) when large amount of relatively large size wire is used
d) when small amount of relatively large size wire is used

Answer: a
Explanation: Skein winding is one of the 3 kinds of single phase windings used. It is
used when small amount of relatively small size wire is used.

471. What kind of motor employs the skein winding made use of?
a) maximum horse power single phase induction motor
b) fractional horse power single phase induction motor
c) minimum horse power single phase induction motor
d) zero horse power single phase induction motor

Answer: b
Explanation: The skein winding is one of the 3 kinds of single phase induction motor.
The skein winding is used when fractional horse power single phase induction motor is
used.
 472. Which winding is mostly used winding in the single phase induction
motor?
a) circular winding
b) concentric winding
c) progressive winding
d) skein winding

Answer: b
Explanation: The concentric winding is the most widely used winding. It is also the most
flexible winding of the windings used in the single phase induction motor.

473. What is/are the advantages of the skein winding?

a) low cost to wind
b) low cost to insert
c) permits some freedom of choice of distribution
d) low cost to wind, low cost to insert, permits some freedom of choice
of distribution

Answer: d
Explanation: The skein winding is the low cost to wind and to insert. It also permits some
freedom of choice of distribution.

474. What material is used in the tunnel of the rotor of the single phase
induction motor?
a) aluminium
b) copper
c) steel
d) wood

Answer: a
Explanation: The rotor consists of a block of slotted laminations. The slots form a series
of tunnels that are filled with aluminium in its molten state.

475. What type of operations are used in the starting switches?

a) mechanical operation
b) electrical operation
c) centrifugal operation and mechanical operation
d) centrifugal operation

Answer: c
Explanation: The starting switch is used to cut the auxillary winding when the motor
attains 75% of the full load speed. The switches operate in both the centrifugal as well
as mechanical operation.
 476. The ac electrolytic capacitor is formed by winding two sheets of
etched aluminium foil.
a) true
b) false

Answer: a
Explanation: Modern capacitor start motors employ ac electrolytic capacitors. The ac
electrolytic capacitor is formed by winding two sheets of etched aluminium foil,
separated by two layers of insulating paper, into a cylindrical shape.

477. The electrolytic capacitor and insulator unit is impregnated using

ethylene glycol or a derivative.
a) true
b) false

Answer: a
Explanation: The electrolytic capacitor and insulator unit is impregnated using the
ethylene glycol. It is also impregnated using the derivative of ethylene glycol.

478. What is the range of the power factor of electrolytic capacitors?

a) 2-4
b) 4-6
c) 6-8
d) 7-9

Answer: c
Explanation: The minimum power factor of the electrolytic capacitor is 6. The maximum
power factor of the electrolytic capacitor is 8.

479. What is the formula of the output equation of ac machines?

a) kVA input Q = output coefficient * diameter2 * length * synchronous
speed
b) kVA input Q = output coefficient / diameter2 * length * synchronous
speed
c) kVA input Q = output coefficient * diameter2 / length * synchronous
speed
d) kVA input Q = output coefficient * diameter2 * length / synchronous
speed

Answer: a
Explanation: The output coefficient, diameter, length and synchronous speed are first
calculated. Then on substitution gives the kVA input and in turn gives the output
equation.
 480. What is the formula for the output coefficient of the output
equation?
a) output coefficient = 11 * winding space factor * specific magnetic
loading / specific electric loading * 10-3
b) output coefficient = 11 * winding space factor * specific magnetic
loading * specific electric loading * 10-3
c) output coefficient = 11 * winding space factor / specific magnetic
loading * specific electric loading * 10-3
d) output coefficient = 11 / winding space factor * specific magnetic
loading * specific electric loading * 10-3

Answer: b
Explanation: The winding space factor, specific magnetic loading, specific electric
loading is calculated. On substitution gives the output coefficient used for the calculation
of output equation.

481. What is the formula of the kVA input if the rating of the machine is
given in horse power?
a) kVA input = horse power / 0.746 * efficiency * power factor
b) kVA input = horse power * 0.746 * efficiency * power factor
c) kVA input = horse power * 0.746 / efficiency * power factor
d) kVA input = horse power * 0.746 * efficiency / power factor

Answer: c
Explanation: The horse power rating of the machine along with the efficiency and power
factor is calculated. On substitution the kVA input can be obtained.

482. What is the ratio of the efficiency for 75 watt to 750 watt motor?
a) 4:7
b) 5:7
c) 6:7
d) 3:7

Answer: b
Explanation: The efficiency of the 75 watt motor is 50%. The efficiency of the 750 watt
motor is 70%.
 483. What is the ratio of power factor of the 75 watt to 750 watt motor?
a) 0.55 : 0.60
b) 0.50 : 0.60
c) 0.55 : 0.65
d) 0.50 : 0.65

Answer: c
Explanation: The power factor of the 75 watt motor is 0.55. The power factor of 750 watt
motor is 0.60.

484. The smaller values are applicable for lower rating machines.
a) true
b) false

Answer: a
Explanation: The smaller values are applicable for lower rating machines. The power
factor is 0.55 for 75 watt motor and the efficiency is 50% for the 75 watt motor.

485. What is the efficiency for the output watt of 180?

a) 0.38
b) 0.48
c) 0.57
d) 0.65

Answer: c
Explanation: The efficiency of the output watt of 37 is 0.38 and the efficiency of output
watt of 90 is 0.48. The efficiency of the output watt of 180 is 0.57.

486. What is the power factor of output watt of 90?

a) 0.46
b) 0.51
c) 0.56
d) 0.62

Answer: b
Explanation: The power factor of output watt of 37 is 0.46 and the power factor for 180
output watt is 0.56. The power factor of the output watt of 90 is 0.51.
 487. What factor does the output coefficient depend upon?
a) specific magnetic loading
b) specific electric loading
c) specific electric loading or specific magnetic loading
d) specific electric loading and specific magnetic loading

Answer: b
Explanation: The output coefficient depends upon the specific electric loading. The
output coefficient also depends upon the specific magnetic loading.

488. What is the range of the average flux density used in the output
equation?
a) 0.30-0.55 weber per m2
b) 0.30-0.50 weber per m2
c) 0.35-0.45 weber per m2
d) 0.35-0.55 weber per m2

Answer: d
Explanation: The minimum value of the average flux density is 0.35 weber per m 2. The
maximum value of the average flux density is 0.55 weber per m2.

489. What type is the stator windings of the single phase induction
motor?
a) hollow
b) cylindrical
c) concentric
d) rectangular

Answer: c
Explanation: The stator windings are also known as the running winding or the main
winding. The type of stator winding used is concentric type

490. How many coils are present in the stator windings?

a) 2
b) 3
c) 2 or more
d) 3 or more

Answer: d
Explanation: The stator windings of single phase induction motors are concentric type.
There are usually 3 or more coils per pole each having same or different number of
turns.
 491. How much of the total slots are used for the reduction of the mmf
wave harmonics?
a) 60%
b) 65%
c) 70%
d) 80%

Answer: c
Explanation: 70% of the total slots are used for the reduction of the mmf wave
harmonics. The remaining 30% are used for accommodating the starting windings.

492. How can the small single phase motor reduce the harmonics still
much further?
a) removing the winding
b) insulating the winding
c) grading the winding
d) shading the winding

Answer: c
Explanation: 70% of the total slots are used for the reduction of the mmf wave
harmonics. The mmf wave harmonics can be still further reduced by grading the winding.

493. What is the formula for the mean pitch factor?

a) mean pitch factor = pitch factor of each coil per pole group + turns in
the coil / total number of turns
b) mean pitch factor = pitch factor of each coil per pole group / turns in
the coil * total number of turns
c) mean pitch factor = pitch factor of each coil per pole group * turns in
the coil * total number of turns
d) mean pitch factor = pitch factor of each coil per pole group * turns in
the coil / total number of turns
Answer: d
Explanation: The pitch factor of each coil per pole group, turns in the coil and total
number of turns are obtained. On substitution, it gives the mean pitch factor.

494. What is the range of the winding factor for the usual windings
distribution?
a) 0.70-0.80
b) 0.75-0.85
c) 0.70-0.85
d) 0.70-0.75

Answer: b
Explanation: The minimum value of the winding factor of the usual winding distribution is
0.75. The maximum value of the winding factor of the usual winding distribution is 0.85.

495. What is the formula of the maximum flux in the running winding?
a) maximum flux = flux * pole
b) maximum flux = flux/pole
c) maximum flux = flux / turns
d) maximum flux = flux * turns

Answer: b
Explanation: First the flux is calculated along with the number of poles used. On
substituting the values the maximum flux value is obtained.

496. What is the value of the stator induced voltage with respect to the
supply voltage?
a) stator induced voltage = 95% of supply voltage
b) stator induced voltage = 90% of supply voltage
c) stator induced voltage = 85% of supply voltage
d) stator induced voltage = 80% of supply voltage

Answer: a
Explanation: The winding factor is assumed to be 0.75-0.85 for the running winding. The
stator induced voltage is 95% of the supply voltage.
497. How many design data are present in the design of the stator?
a) 6
b) 7
c) 8
d) 9

Answer: c
Explanation: There are 8 design data available in the design of the stator. The design
data are running winding, number of turns In running winding, running winding
conductors, number of stator slots, size of stator slot, stator teeth, stator core, length of
mean turn.

498. What is the range of the current density for the open type motors
split phase, capacitor and repulsion start motors?
a) 4-5 A per mm2
b) 3-4 A per mm2
c) 2-4 A per mm2
d) 1-4 A per mm2

Answer: b
Explanation: The minimum value of the current density for the open type motors split
phase, capacitor and repulsion start motors is 3 A per mm 2. The maximum value of the
current density for the open type motors split phase, capacitor and repulsion start motors
is 4 A per mm2.

499. What is the relation of the number of slots with the leakage
reactance?
a) small number of slots, high leakage reactance
b) large number of slots, high leakage reactance
c) large number of slots, small leakage reactance
d) small number of slots, small leakage reactance

Answer: c
Explanation: The number of slots is indirectly proportional to the leakage reactance. The
larger the number of slots, the lower will be the leakage reactance.

500. What is the formula for the area required for the insulated
conductors?
a) area required for the insulated conductors = total number of
conductors per slot * 0.785 / diameter of insulated conductor2
b) area required for the insulated conductors = total number of
conductors per slot / 0.785 * diameter of insulated conductor2
c) area required for the insulated conductors = total number of
conductors per slot * 0.785 * diameter of insulated conductor2
d) area required for the insulated conductors = 1/total number of
 conductors per slot * 0.785 * diameter of insulated conductor2

Answer: c
Explanation: The total number of conductors per slot and the diameter of insulated
conductors are calculated. On substitution the area required for the insulated conductors
are calculated.

501. The flux density of the high torque machines is 1.8 weber per m 2.
a) true
b) false

Answer: a
Explanation: The flux density of the general purpose machine is 1.45 weber per m2. The
flux density of the high torque machines is 1.8 weber per m 2.

502. The flux density of the stator core should not exceed 1.3 weber per
m2.
a) true
b) false

Answer: b
Explanation: The flux density of the stator core should not exceed 1.5 weber per m 2. The
range lies between 0.9 – 1.4 weber per m2.

503. What is the formula for the flux density in stator core?
a) flux density in stator core = maximum flux / length of the iron * depth
of stator core
b) flux density in stator core = maximum flux * length of the iron * depth
of stator core
c) flux density in stator core = maximum flux / 2 *length of the iron *
depth of stator core
 d) flux density in stator core = maximum flux * length of the iron / depth
of stator core

nswer: c
Explanation: The maximum flux, length of iron and depth of stator core is calculated. On
substitution it provides the flux density in stator core.