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Quick Lashing Guide

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Sebastian Zarzycki
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61 views

Quick Lashing Guide

Uploaded by

Sebastian Zarzycki
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
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TTA Lashing ets For PTH eee ay cy AOR Ey Frictior 4, SECURING VEHICLES ON RO/RO-SHIPS {should not be assured that because a vehicle ls haavy it will not move curing tanspert. ‘Remembering civing over a hil, when you are about to leave the top ofthe fil. Very often you have the feting of fying, This "things exactly tne same situation, multpied by 10 forthe cargo as well asthe vahice on board of @ ship. ‘To give the orew on board the opportunity to lash vehicles, the vehicles have fo be equinted with sultable lashing eyes. ‘The numberof lashing eyes are doscibed in the previously ‘mentioned ISO standards. As aul of thumb you can estimate the numbers fo 1 secuting point on each side for ‘very 10 tons of otal weight every distbutod, But nat lees than 2 securing points. Each of the ashing eyes should have a MSL of 12 ton. Before leaving the vehicle: + Reese the ar fom the compressed ar suspension system. “Apply the hand brake, += Vehicles with diesel engines shoulé not belt n gear ‘during the voyage as any movement may make them start. 5. FRICTION Fctionfore is the force that prevents cargo from sling. ‘The ficton costfcient fs Independent ofthe weigh, ©g. heavy cargo i sliding with the same speed as light cargo Lnder the same conclitons, ‘The fictonforce can be devided in attachmentforce and force agaist siding, which nave a great ciference tis usualy easy to push a box once it eves, but harder to start t moving. \When considuring securing one should aways use the force ‘against siding, not the attachmentfore, Fretion able Fiction = co ch wa | a “bert Gao | eaeaas | eaeors “eee ‘ames | —ezeazs | emer ‘Str ‘aweas | eieaas | en-ow eT ‘asoeae | —eanas | eso0a0 ‘Example Weight 1000 kg, Ange! = 90°, acceleration 16 Pressure on each side = 2* 1000 = 2000 daN (en, mich ‘demand 5 lashings wit apratension of 400 da (i). Notice: Al kinds of cargo require atleast 2 lashings. The Calculated strength (CS) of securing devices should bo reduced against MSL, using a safety factor of 15, as fellows cs=MSLS ‘The Top-Over lashing method should only be used for items with small weights. There is no need for wrapping the cargo with lashings, wnen other method would be adequate, A Weight of 26600 kg would demard 125 lashings accorcing to the Top-Ovor method. (Maximum pretension = 400 kg, 2 and ange! = 80°) ‘The strength ofa lashing system can be calculated exactly, but require alot of time. Such caleutions are beyond fis brochure. Tools to calculate the appropriate fore on & lashing valable atthe end of this brochure with Mlustrations of “DOs” and “DON'Ts” Do not load heavy tems on top of ight ones. Do not load with excentric load distin Do use non-sip surace material to prevent sling of packages, armen PSOE me aes Do not concentrate heavy loads on a small areas ofthe floor Do secure each single loaded item independently Do cistrbute heavy loads over a large foo area ‘ Do secure the upper layer adequatly ‘Do not secure loads wih devioes that produce heavy forces Into small reas ofthe inside structure of aunt Do secure loads in away that forces aa atibuted over @ large area of a unit Peete Calculations examples ‘Assumed: Te following lashing methods areal calculated ‘accortng toa acceleration of 9.81 m/s" in al rections and ‘8 frcton costeent of 0.2, Each lashing have a breaking svengtn of 4000 kg, and with 2 ‘safety factor of 2, the Safe Working Load (SWL) is 2000 kg. Pretension: Al lashings shouldbe pretersioned to ‘maximum. In several counties, the highest pretension force Ic eot to 10% of tho lashings breaking strength. Otten ite impossible to pretension to more than 400 ka whichis ‘adequate toalashing with a breaking strongth of 4000 kg. Fixed lasting eyes: Fixed lashing eyes on the vehicle lor is adequate fra pull of 2000 kg. Th vehiclerame can be used fora pul close to 12000 ka. NOTICE: Tho calculated lashing forees/ pretensions ae the ‘otal force on each side of the object whic ae considered, ‘The calculations are dealing with siding and tiping. The gait center inal the examples are assumed to be inthe enter ofthe object, an f the gravity centri situsted away fom the abject canter, adattonal exact calcultions should! be pertommed. Fotolog examples are showed: 4. Top-Down lashing + Tipping 2 Angel lashing + Tipping Fle of thumbs s0e page 20 “Tipping examples can be used Independently between the , and B:H1> 1 2 Penne es 1. TOP-DOWN LASHING + TIPPIN Preventing horizontal movement: Formula :2 = G/2* (fu) sin B =) ws a ee © aoa | # Wm Sas ooo ai 281 an ana am 200 Preventing tipping: Formula: 2=G* (H/B,L-1)/(2'sin 6) ty i tao |# 1a 973 050 00 Gm a On Om Om amy |# 28 a8 1m O78 ass ass OAs ast O80 am |4 578 282 200 6 se 100 amo [4 aoe 40 300 10 ue 10 sao | vise 586 40 gin zat 2s 213 203 200 Ex. Preventing horizontal movement: ‘8000 4,00 » 12000 kg pretension on each side ‘Tis can be done with 30 lashings which have a pratension ‘of 400 kg on both ses, With a pretension of 400 kg, each lashing shal have sbrecking strength of 4000 kg. “The objctis actually pull down with a weight of 12000 kg + ebject weight = 15000 kg, and due tothe total weight the {Fiction resistance prevent movement in all rection. the ‘angels changed from 20- to 90 degrees, the lashing ofthe ‘same abject could be achieved wth only 16 lashings. Ex, Preventing tipping: 12000" 2.00» 6000 kg lashing strength This can be achieved with 3 lashings which each can obtain 2000 kg, the subject is pravented fram alng, the abject can be ‘securely lashed wt 3 lashings. 2 Calculation Eee ned ee 2. ANGEL LASHING + TIPPING 3, HORIZONTAL LASHING + TIPPING Preventing horizontal sliding Formula :Z = G (-pyi" sin B +008 8) [ow a =o » @ 7 ew peg |¢ We Gre oss om io in8 isi 216 aon Tipping Formule: Z= G* (- B/HV"BVH" ain 8 + cos 6) a a a ew 108 7 ‘oe a0 eo) aw a oe 08 108 e000 ass on 830 awe ait 2 ate aT as G2 oz om on oz 63 am om os 857 038 04 04s os2 cas om 140 ozs] 040 030 040 of 048 050 OS 678 18 2m Ex. Preventing horizontal movement : 000 0,83 = 2400 kg lashing strength on each side “This canbe achioved with 4 lashings which each ean obtain 1245 ka, Ex. Preventing tipping (H:L = 6:3): 9000 "0.28 = 660 ka lashing strength on each side ‘Asa lashing can obtain 2000 kg ths arrangement require ‘one lasing on each sie to obtan the 680 kg. It the subjct is provente from siding, the abject can be ‘securely lashed with 2 lashings. La NK Preventing horizontal movement Formula: Z = G (= yous 22 =a vo = © ow www wma |ano Gat Gas tee ioe ioe in 25s Us Preventing tipping {The lashing is done according to angel Fomula:2=G" (BMV cin we]? * = = = © vai oo) om ee oT Om Oe | 30 00 os qos 008 00s age] 1s gmt ae aio 070 aye ta|o az on an ox tas|o3n om 037 03 nao an] ean 039 040 oat nas Ex. Preventing horizontal movement: 2000 * 1,04 = 8120 kg lashing strength on each side ‘This can bo achived with 4 lashings which each ean obtain 1560 Ex. Preventing tipping (H:L = 6:3): 000 * 0,22 = 660 kg lashing strength on each side ‘As a leshing can obtain 2000 kg, this arrangement require ‘ne lashing on eech side to obtain te 680 kg. Ifthe subject is prevented rom sling, the object can be securely lashed with 2 lashings. eee ed 4. CROSS LASHING + TIPPING Preventing horizontal movement Formula: 2 = 6" Yh" sinB + con sina) ETE eee eed 5, ROUND TURN LASHING. By lacking securing points on eubject, round tunis often Used lashing arangemente, The goal the calculations fs to find the pretension fore to avoid slack. This can be ‘expressed with the relationship between the loaded pert ‘nd the unloaded part fo the expression =. Qi: Ze oF) = 2.71628, 9 = round turn In radian and i= friction coefcient between abject and lashing, ee = a a zalizo 306 205 ae 19 mt ag a ape G7 1] s00 520 22 150 12 10s mk ae ost Om n| oz a00 206 at aa a2 sat ast ast aoe ree ee ee ee es er oa] ae s00 22 tan me LM 2 at an m0) 4 am 2m 27 196 Wm 1g 1ST ust Is mo) am az a2 20 20 20 20 22 217 28 0] 400 400 4mm 400 400 400 m0 00 400 400 Tipping {B,L/H = 0,5 Formua: Z= G*('= LEMY(LBIM* sin 9+ sind cos.) maa = Pel 6 oa ww wane o] # ia On Om om om Om OT Om Os vo|2a as7 099 oas 035 om oz ox 021 an aa] ae 75 Ost 030 ase ams 025 026 03 Oz sa] 140 ore m8 a7 oat azT 07 04 0 a2 4a) am os O49 3s amt 02s ozs aut an az 2) oss ost oft 35 ast 020 027 025 025 0 oo om oft O37 038 031 020 028 a7 O37 Tos og 0G a0 om as om G2 an On most 08 066 6s om om 030 035 08 Ot 3050 050 050 O50 om am O50 G50 G0 O50 Ex. Preventing horizontal movement : 000 "1,22 » 3660 kg lashing strength on each side This can be achioved with 4 lashings wich each can aban 1800 kg, Ex. Preventing tipping (B,L:H = 2:1): 000 “0.31 = 800 kg Lashing strength on each side. ‘As alashing can obtain 2000 ka, this arrangement require 2 lashings on sach side o obtain the 930 kg tthe subject fs pravanted from sing, the object can be ‘securely lashed with 4 lashings. “Tipping Ex. 2for angel lashing is used for a securing ssrongth of 660 kg Formula for round tur eM (360+2°By 5/180") Lo 0 =» @ » @ 7 w © ax [ast a7 ao es es oes St as ele ese previous lashing strength /(11/value) 2: = Ze previous lashing tenath Minimum pretension "= @e + Z-V2 ‘Allowed minimum pull = produced pratansion = (21. -Z1)2 & ‘Alowed minimum pull = (958 7198/2 = 330 kg Result: Each ashing part shal have a pretension of at least ‘528 kg, and each lashing shall beable to obiain at least 1528 + $00 = 856 kg (Normally is twice the "Misimum pretension” used as te strength of each lashing, an in this ‘case t's 1048 kg) In order to oblan adequate pretension on each side, speci! tools should be used, asa sutable exact pretension hardly can be achieved otherwise Pee ean Pens 6. TOP- DOWN LASHING OF ROUND OBJECTS: 7. CROSS LASHING OF ROUND OBJECTS: Win B+SARIDY2WA2-1)'5 008 8 D = Diameter and W = cistance botweon the ros supporting points Ex. Preventing horizontal movement: D/W = 10/5 =2 {3000 "0,73 = 2190 kg pretension on each sida, ‘As each lashing is allowed to havea pretension of maximum 400 ka, ‘8 lashings could do the ob, where each shall have a pretension ofa least 305 kg. ‘Tho roll has tobe prevented from sliding in other directions ‘Theol can be secured against tipping by means of the ‘previous examples. The distance W shal be substituted with ‘ther Lor 8 by te caleulatons. =|) 0» > oe ep ew =o a sw ew one is ae a a To [Ta oad 1a Om Om OM OH Om OM OR ale us 142 149 10 ear as ast | 378 1g0 1z0 om O76 ngs 50 ass Om om ale 261 2m 1a tom 1st 148 144 2 OT O73 Oss 058 O38 08s om sje m0 am 256 2a 207 ta 198 o ms 075 aps op ase as ost she 4m am an im am ie ue « ps 075 088 oss ose 038 O88 a] 4 fo 41 aa7 34 805 am 206 « 090 051 O76 op Oss Oss O68 ale ee se 453 401 am ae sar ” Os7 om as op G77 a O7e ale Tok gun 519 4s 425 4s 397 o 100 198 390 og7 oss ase om = ——s tm im ym yo im ym i ‘3000 *0,73 =2190 kg lashing strength on each end. ‘As each lashing can obtain 2000 kg, 2 lashings on each end ‘oul do the ob, where each obtains 1095 kg ‘The rll has tobe prevented from sing in ote directions ‘Theol can be secured against tiping by means ofthe Previous examples. The stance W shal be substituted with ‘ther L or B by the calculations, Lashing equipment. + Lashing eyes shall have a stength of tons. ‘ Lashing eyes atthe chassis shall have a strength of 12 tens “tthe tom is prevent trom slicing in all rections, shall ‘the Breaking strength be twice the mass ofthe item. ‘Each lashing shall at east have a breaking strength of 4000 kg +t shal be possible to obtain 10% protension ofthe breaking trength ‘= Itmust never be calculated with more than 400 kg pretension How to Lash Cargo prevented from sliding in all rection and using lear lasningeyes: * Use one 4 ton lashing foreach 2ton of cargo, ‘Cargo prevented rom slicing in ane drvetion and using ‘oor ashingeyes: + Use lashing fr each 0,25 ton cargo ifthe tem is prevented fom aiding in only 1 drection (4 tn lashing, fiction coeficient = 0.2) Friction coefficient = 0.3:domand lashing /0.6 ton Friction coefficient = 0.4 demand lashing /1.6 ton Ss demand always 1 lashing to ‘veld Hoping Fricton coefficient (cargo prevented from sling nal erection and using chassis lshingeyes: + Use one 4 ton lashing foreach 4 ton of cage. Round turn lash Cargo prevented fom slang in one direction and using oor lsshingeyes: + Use one 4 on lashing foreach 25 ton of cargo, Cargo prevented from staing in one direction and using chassis lashingoyes: + Use one 4 ton lashing for each 6 ton of cargo. NOTICE: Long items demand more then one round tun lashing " an [en ie dit Strength of securing equipment “Maximum Securing Load (MSL) is @ term used to define the load capacity for a device used to secure cargo. ‘Maximum Securing Load fore securing devices is equivalent to Safe Working Load (SWL) to iting tackle. Safety factor ‘The calculated strength of securing devices should be reduced against MSL, using factor of 1.5 The reasons for this reduction are the possibilty of uneven distribution of forces among the devices, strength reduction due to poor ‘assembly and others.

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