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Chemistry Investigatory Project

The document is a chemistry investigatory project submitted by Ajay Chauhan on phenol-formaldehyde resins. It discusses the formation and structure of phenol-formaldehyde resins through a step-growth polymerization reaction. The initial reaction forms a hydroxymethyl phenol that can then react to form methylene or ether bridges, linking phenol units. The document then describes the synthesis of phenol formaldehyde resin (Bakelite) through the condensation of phenol and formaldehyde in the presence of an acidic catalyst such as hydrochloric acid, yielding a pink mass of the polymer. Safety precautions for the reaction are also noted.

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Ajay Chauhan
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1K views10 pages

Chemistry Investigatory Project

The document is a chemistry investigatory project submitted by Ajay Chauhan on phenol-formaldehyde resins. It discusses the formation and structure of phenol-formaldehyde resins through a step-growth polymerization reaction. The initial reaction forms a hydroxymethyl phenol that can then react to form methylene or ether bridges, linking phenol units. The document then describes the synthesis of phenol formaldehyde resin (Bakelite) through the condensation of phenol and formaldehyde in the presence of an acidic catalyst such as hydrochloric acid, yielding a pink mass of the polymer. Safety precautions for the reaction are also noted.

Uploaded by

Ajay Chauhan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SUBMITTED BY:

Ajay Chauhan
Class :- XII ‘A’
Roll No. :- 11

CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY
PROJECT
CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY
PROJECT
• Formation and structure
• Phenol-formaldehyde resins, as a
group, are formed by a step-growth
polymerization reaction that can be
either acid- or base-catalyzed.
• Phenol is reactive towards
formaldehyde at
the ortho and para sites (sites 2, 4
and 6) allowing up to 3 units of
formaldehyde to attach to the ring.
The initial reaction is formation of a
hydroxymethyl phenol:
• HOC6H5 + CH2O → HOC6H4CH2OH

CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY
PROJECT
• The hydroxymethyl group is capable
of reacting with either another free
ortho or para site, or with another
hydroxymethyl group. The first
reaction gives a methylene bridge,
and the second forms an ether bridge:

• HOC6H4CH2OH + HOC6H5 →
(HOC6H4)2CH2 + H2O

• The diphenol (HOC6H4)2CH2 is


called bisphenol F. Bisphenol-F can
further link generating tri- and tetra-
and higher phenol oligomers.

• 2 HOC6H4CH2OH → (HOC6H4CH2)2O
+ H 2O

CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY
PROJECT
PHENOL FORMALDEHYDE
RESIN
(BAKELITE)

CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY
PROJECT
• Beaker
• Phenol
• Conc. HCl
• Dropper
• Water
• Rod
• Filter paper
• Formaldehyde
CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY
PROJECT
• Phenol resins are condensation
polymerization products of
phenolic derivatives with
aldehyde such as formaldehyde.
• Most important member of this
class is Bakelite, phenol
formaldehyde resin.
• Its prepared by condensing phenol
with formaldehyde in the presence
of acidic or basic catalyst.

CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY
PROJECT
• Take 5 ml of glacial acetic acid
and 2.5 ml of 40% formaldehyde
in a beaker.
• Add 2.5g of phenol into it.
• Cover the beaker with watch glass
or filter paper.
• Add few drops of HCl to it and
place it on hot plate.
• Pink mass will be formed in the
beaker.
• Wash, dry and weigh the product
formed.
CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY
PROJECT
• Pink mass i.e. phenol
formaldehyde (Bakelite) is
yielded.

CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY
PROJECT
• The reaction is sometimes
vigorous and it is better to be little
away from the beaker while
adding conc. HCl.
• Phenol should be stirred in the
formaldehyde solution for at least
10 mints to make it a saturated
solution.
• Conc. hydrochloric acid should be
added drop wise carefully.

CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY
PROJECT

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