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SECTION II: Scheme and Subjects for the Preliminary and Main Examination

A. PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION:
The Examination shall comprise of two compulsory Papers of 200 marks each.
Note:
(i) Both the question papers will be of the objective type (multiple choice questions) and each will be of
two hours duration.
(ii) The General Studies Paper-II of the Civil Services (Preliminary) Examination will be a qualifying paper
with minimum qualifying marks fixed at 33%.
(iii) The question papers will be set both in Hindi and English.
(iv) Details of the syllabi are indicated in Part A of Section III.

B. MAIN EXAMINATION:
The Written Examination will consist of the following papers:—

Qualifying Papers:
Paper-A
(One of the Indian Language to be selected by the candidate from the Languages included in the
Eighth Schedule to the Constitution). 300 Marks
Paper-B
English 300 Marks
Papers to be counted for merit :
Paper-I
Essay 250 Marks
Paper-II
General Studies-I 250 Marks
(Indian Heritage and Culture, History and Geography of the World and Society)
Paper-III
General Studies -II 250 Marks
(Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice and International relations)
Paper-IV
General Studies -III 250 Marks
(Technology, Economic Development, Bio-diversity, Environment, Security and Disaster Management)
Paper-V
General Studies -IV 250 Marks
(Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude)
Paper-VI
Optional Subject - Paper 1 250 Marks
Paper-VII
Optional Subject - Paper 2 250 Marks
Sub Total (Written test) 1750 Marks
Personality Test 275 Marks
Grand Total 2025 Marks

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Less than 3/60 No Light 30% II (One eyed person)
Perception
6/24 to 6/60 6/24 to 6/60 40% III a (low vision)
Or Visual field less than 40 up to Less than 6/60 to 3/60 50% III b (low vision)
20 degree around centre of Less than 3/60 to No Light 60% III c (low vision)
fixation or heminaopia involving Perception
macula
Less than 6/60 to 3/60 Less than 6/60 to 3/60 70% III d (low vision)
Or Less than 3/60 to No Light 80% III e (low vision)
Visual field less than 20 up to 10 Perception
degree around centre of fixation
Less than 3/60 to 1/60 Less than 3/60 to No Light 90% IV a (Blindness)
Or Perception
Visual field less than 10 degree
around centre of fixation
Only HMCF Only HMCF 100% IV b (Blindness)
Only Light Perception, Only Light Perception,
No Light perception No Light perception

Note (3) : The concession admissible to blind candidates shall not be admissible to those suffering from
Myopia.
(v) The Commission have discretion to fix qualifying marks in any or all the subjects of the
examination.
(vi) If a candidate’s handwriting is not easily legible, a deduction will be made on this account from the
total marks otherwise accruing to the candidate.
(vii) Marks will not be allotted for mere superficial knowledge.
(viii) Credit will be given for orderly, effective and exact expression combined with due economy of words
in all subjects of the examination.
(ix) In the question papers, wherever required, SI units will be used.
(x) Candidates should use only International form of Indian numerals (i.e. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 etc.) while
answering question papers.
(xi) Candidates will be allowed the use of Scientific (Non-Programmable type) Calculators at the
conventional (Essay) type examination of UPSC. Programmable type calculators will however not be
allowed and the use of such calculators shall tantamount to resorting to unfair means by the candidates.
Loaning or interchanging of calculators in the Examination Hall is not permitted. It is also important to
note that candidates are not permitted to use calculators for answering objective type papers (Test
Booklets). They should not therefore bring the same inside the Examination Hall.

C. Interview/Personality Test
The candidate will be interviewed by a Board who will have before them a record of the candidate’s career.
The candidate will be asked questions on matters of general interest. The object of the
Interview/Personality Test is to assess the personal suitability of the candidate for a career in public
service by a Board of competent and unbiased observers. The Interview/Personality Test is intended to
judge the mental calibre of a candidate. In broad terms this is really an assessment of not only intellectual
qualities but also social traits and interest in current affairs. Some of the qualities to be judged are mental
alertness, critical powers of assimilation, clear and logical exposition, balance of judgement, variety and
depth of interest, ability for social cohesion and leadership, intellectual and moral integrity.

2. The technique of the Interview/Personality Test is not that of a strict cross-examination but of a
natural, though directed and purposive conversation which is intended to reveal the mental qualities of
the candidate.3. The Interview/Personality Test is not intended to be a test either of the specialized or

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general knowledge of the candidates which has been already tested through their written papers.
Candidates are expected to have taken an intelligent interest not only in their special subjects of academic
study but also in the events which are happening around them both within and outside their own State or
Country as well as in modern currents of thought and in new discoveries which should rouse the curiosity
of well-educated youth.

SECTION III: SYLLABI FOR THE EXAMINATION

Note: Candidates are advised to go through the Syllabus published in this Section for the Preliminary
Examination and the Main Examination, as periodic revision of syllabus has been done in several
subjects.

Part A—Preliminary Examination

Paper I - (200 marks) Duration: Two hours

• Current events of national and international importance.

• History of India and Indian National Movement.
• Indian and World Geography-Physical, Social, Economic Geography of India and the World.
• Indian Polity and Governance-Constitution, Political System, Panchayati Raj, Public Policy, Rights
Issues, etc.
• Economic and Social Development-Sustainable Development, Poverty, Inclusion, Demographics, Social
Sector Initiatives, etc.
• General issues on Environmental ecology, Bio-diversity and Climate Change - that do not require
subject specialization.
• General Science.

Paper II-(200 marks) Duration : Two hours

• Comprehension;
• Interpersonal skills including communication skills;
• Logical reasoning and analytical ability;
• Decision making and problem solving;
• General mental ability;
• Basic numeracy (numbers and their relations, orders of magnitude, etc.) (Class X level), Data
interpretation (charts, graphs, tables, data sufficiency etc. — Class X level);
Note 1 : Paper-II of the Civil Services (Preliminary) Examination will be a qualifying paper with
minimum qualifying marks fixed at 33%.
Note 2 : The questions will be of multiple choice, objective type.

Note 3 : It is mandatory for the candidate to appear in both the Papers of Civil Services (Prelim)
Examination for the purpose of evaluation. Therefore a candidate will be disqualified in case he/she does
not appear in both the papers of Civil Services (Prelim) Examination.

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Part B—Main Examination

The main Examination is intended to assess the overall intellectual traits and depth of
understanding of candidates rather than merely the range of their information and memory.

The nature and standard of questions in the General Studies papers (Paper II to Paper V) will be
such that a well-educated person will be able to answer them without any specialized study. The
questions will be such as to test a candidate’s general awareness of a variety of subjects, which will have
relevance for a career in Civil Services. The questions are likely to test the candidate’s basic
understanding of all relevant issues, and ability to analyze, and take a view on conflicting socio-economic
goals, objectives and demands. The candidates must give relevant, meaningful and succinct answers.

The scope of the syllabus for optional subject papers (Paper VI and Paper VII) for the examination is
broadly of the honours degree 1evel i.e. a level higher than the bachelors’ degree and lower than the
masters’ degree. In the case of Engineering, Medical Science and law, the level corresponds to the
bachelors’ degree.

Syllabi of the papers included in the scheme of Civil Services (Main) Examination are given as follows :—

QUALIFYING PAPERS ON INDIAN LANGUAGES AND ENGLISH

The aim of the paper is to test the candidates' ability to read and understand serious discursive
prose, and to express ideas clearly and correctly, in English and Indian language concerned.

The pattern of questions would be broadly as follows :

(i) Comprehension of given passages.

(ii) Precis Writing.

(iii) Usage and Vocabulary.

(iv) Short Essays.

Indian Languages :—

(i) comprehension of given passages.

(ii) Precis Writing.

(iii) Usage and Vocabulary.

(iv) Short Essays.

(v) Translation from English to the Indian Language and vice-versa.

Note 1 : The papers on Indian Languages and English will be of Matriculation or equivalent standard and
will be of qualifying nature only. The marks obtained in these papers will not be counted for ranking.

Note 2 : The candidates will have to answer the English and Indian Languages papers in English and the
respective Indian language (except where translation is involved).

PAPER-I

Essay: Candidates may be required to write essays on multiple topics. They will be expected to keep
closely to the subject of the essay to arrange their ideas in orderly fashion, and to write concisely. Credit
will be given for effective and exact expression.

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PAPER-II

General Studies-I: Indian Heritage and Culture, History and Geography of the World and Society.

• Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, literature and Architecture from ancient to
modern times.

• Modern Indian history from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present- significant
events, personalities, issues.

• The Freedom Struggle — its various stages and important contributors/contributions from different
parts of the country.

• Post-independence consolidation and reorganization within the country.

• History of the world will include events from 18th century such as industrial revolution, world wars,
redrawal of national boundaries, colonization, decolonization, political philosophies like communism,
capitalism, socialism etc.— their forms and effect on the society.

• Salient features of Indian Society, Diversity of India.

• Role of women and women’s organization, population and associated issues, poverty and
developmental issues, urbanization, their problems and their remedies.

• Effects of globalization on Indian society.

• Social empowerment, communalism, regionalism & secularism.

• Salient features of world’s physical geography.

• Distribution of key natural resources across the world (including South Asia and the Indian sub-
continent); factors responsible for the location of primary, secondary, and tertiary sector industries in
various parts of the world (including India).

• Important Geophysical phenomena such as earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity, cyclone etc.,
geographical features and their location-changes in critical geographical features (including water-bodies
and ice-caps) and in flora and fauna and the effects of such changes.

PAPER-III

General Studies- II: Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice and International relations.

• Indian Constitution—historical underpinnings, evolution, features, amendments, significant provisions

and basic structure.

• Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States, issues and challenges pertaining to the
federal structure, devolution of powers and finances up to local levels and challenges therein.

• Separation of powers between various organs dispute redressal mechanisms and institutions.

• Comparison of the Indian constitutional scheme with that of other countries.

• Parliament and State legislatures—structure, functioning, conduct of business, powers & privileges
and issues arising out of these.

• Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary—Ministries and
Departments of the Government; pressure groups and formal/informal associations and their role in the
Polity.

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• Salient features of the Representation of People’s Act.

• Appointment to various Constitutional posts, powers, functions and responsibilities of various

Constitutional Bodies.

• Statutory, regulatory and various quasi-judicial bodies.

• Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of
their design and implementation.

• Development processes and the development industry —the role of NGOs, SHGs, various groups and
associations, donors, charities, institutional and other stakeholders.

• Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the Centre and States and the
performance of these schemes; mechanisms, laws, institutions and Bodies constituted for the protection
and betterment of these vulnerable sections.

• Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health,

Education, Human Resources.

• Issues relating to poverty and hunger.

• Important aspects of governance, transparency and accountability, e-governance- applications, models,

successes, limitations, and potential; citizens charters, transparency & accountability and institutional
and other measures.

• Role of civil services in a democracy.

• India and its neighborhood- relations.

• Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s
interests.

• Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests, Indian
diaspora.

• Important International institutions, agencies and fora- their structure, mandate.

PAPER-IV

General Studies-III: Technology, Economic Development, Bio diversity, Environment, Security and
Disaster Management

• Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization, of resources, growth, development and
employment.

• Inclusive growth and issues arising from it.

• Government Budgeting.

• Major crops-cropping patterns in various parts of the country, - different types of irrigation and
irrigation systems storage, transport and marketing of agricultural produce and issues and related
constraints; e-technology in the aid of farmers.

• Issues related to direct and indirect farm subsidies and minimum support prices; Public Distribution
System- objectives, functioning, limitations, revamping; issues of buffer stocks and food security;

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Technology missions; economics of animal-rearing.

• Food processing and related industries in India- scope’ and significance, location, upstream and
downstream requirements, supply chain management.

• Land reforms in India.

• Effects of liberalization on the economy, changes in industrial policy and their effects on industrial
growth.

• Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc.

• Investment models.

• Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday life.

• Achievements of Indians in science & technology; indigenization of technology and developing new
technology.

• Awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers, robotics, nano-technology, bio-technology and issues
relating to intellectual property rights.

• Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment.

• Disaster and disaster management.

• Linkages between development and spread of extremism.

• Role of external state and non-state actors in creating challenges to internal security.

• Challenges to internal security through communication networks, role of media and social networking
sites in internal security challenges, basics of cyber security; money-laundering and its prevention.

• Security challenges and their management in border areas - linkages of organized crime with terrorism.

• Various Security forces and agencies and their mandate.

PAPER-V

General Studies- IV: Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude

• This paper will include questions to test the candidates’ attitude and approach to issues relating to
integrity, probity in public life and his problem solving approach to various issues and conflicts faced by
him in dealing with society. Questions may utilise the case study approach to determine these aspects.
The following broad areas will be covered :

• Ethics and Human Interface: Essence, determinants and consequences of Ethics in-human actions;
dimensions of ethics; ethics - in private and public relationships. Human Values - lessons from the lives
and teachings of great leaders, reformers and administrators; role of family society and educational
institutions in inculcating values.

• Attitude: content, structure, function; its influence and relation with thought and behaviour; moral and
political attitudes; social influence and persuasion.

• Aptitude and foundational values for Civil Service, integrity, impartiality and non-partisanship,
objectivity, dedication to public service, empathy, tolerance and compassion towards the weaker-sections.

• Emotional intelligence-concepts, and their utilities and application in administration and governance.

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• Contributions of moral thinkers and philosophers from India and world.

• Public/Civil service values and Ethics in Public administration: Status and problems; ethical concerns
and dilemmas in government and private institutions; laws, rules, regulations and conscience as sources
of ethical guidance; accountability and ethical governance; strengthening of ethical and moral values in
governance; ethical issues in international relations and funding; corporate governance.

• Probity in Governance: Concept of public service; Philosophical basis of governance and probity;
Information sharing and transparency in government, Right to Information, Codes of Ethics, Codes of
Conduct, Citizen’s Charters, Work culture, Quality of service delivery, Utilization of public funds,
challenges of corruption.

• Case Studies on above issues.

PAPER-VI & PAPER VII

Optional Subject Papers I & II

Candidate may choose any optional subject from amongst the List of Optional Subjects given in Para 2.

AGRICULTURE

PAPER-I

Ecology and its relevance to man, natural resources, their sustainable management and
conservation. Physical and social environment as factors of crop distribution and production. Agro
ecology; cropping pattern as indicators of environments. Environmental pollution and associated hazards
to crops, animals and humans. Climate change—International conventions and global initiatives. Green
house effect and global warming. Advance tools for ecosystem analysis—Remote Sensing (RS) and
Geographic Information Systems (GIS).

Cropping patterns in different agro-climatic zones of the country. Impact of high-yielding and
short-duration varieties on shifts in cropping patterns. Concepts of various cropping, and farming
systems. Organic and Precision farming. Package of practices for production of important cereals, pulses,
oil seeds, fibres, sugar, commercial and fodder crops.

Important features, and scope of various types of forestry plantations such as social forestry, agro-
forestry, and natural forests : Propagation of forest plants. Forest products. Agro-forestry and value
addition. Conservation of forest flora and fauna.

Weeds, their characteristics, dissemination and association with various crops; their
multiplications; cultural, biological, and chemical control of weeds.

Soil—physical, chemical and biological properties. Processes and factors of soil formation. soils of
India. Mineral and organic constituents of soils and their role in maintaining soil productivity. Essential
plant nutrients and other beneficial elements in soils and plants. Principles of soil fertility, soil testing
and fertiliser recommendations, integrated nutrient management Biofertilizers. Losses of nitrogen in soil,
nitrogen-use efficiency in submerged rice soils, nitrogen fixation in soils. Efficient phosphoruse and
potassium use. Problem soils and their reclamation. Soil factors affecting green house gas emission.

Soil conservation, integrated watershed management. Soil erosion and its management. Dry land
agriculture and its problems. Technology for stabilising agriculture production in rainfed areas.

Water-use efficiency in relation to crop production, criteria for scheduling irrigations, ways and

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(iv) National and Per capita income : patterns, trends, aggregate and Sectoral composition and
changes therein.

(v) Broad factors determining National Income and distribution, Measures of poverty, Trends in
poverty and inequality.

B. The Post Liberalization Era :

(i) New Economic Reform and Agriculture: Agriculture and WTO, Food processing, subsidies,
Agricultural prices and public distribution system, Impact of public expenditure on agricultural
growth.

(ii) New Economic Policy and Industry: Strategy of industrialization, Privatization, Disinvestments,
Role of foreign direct investment and multinationals.

(iii) New Economic Policy and Trade: Intellectual property rights : Implications of TRIPS, TRIMS,
GATS and new EXIM policy.

(iv) New Exchange Rate Regime: Partial and full convertibility, Capital account convertibility.

(v) New Economic Policy and Public Finance : Fiscal Responsibility Act, Twelfth Finance
Commission and Fiscal Federalism and Fiscal Consolidation.

(vi) New Economic Policy and Monetary system. Role of RBI under the new regime.

(vii) Planning: From central Planning to indicative planning, Relation between planning and
markets for growth and decentralized planning: 73rd and 74th Constitutional amendments.

(viii) New Economic Policy and Employment: Employment and poverty, Rural wages, Employment
Generation, Poverty alleviation schemes, New Rural, Employment Guarantee Scheme.

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
PAPER-I

1. Circuits—Theory :

Circuit components; network graphs; KCL, KVL; Circuit analysis methods : nodal analysis, mesh
analysis; basic network theorems and applications; transient analysis : RL, RC and RLC circuits;
sinusoidal steady state analysis; resonant circuits; coupled circuits; balanced 3-phase circuits. Two-port
networks.

2. Signals and Systems :

Representation of continuous-time and discrete-time signals and systems; LTI systems;

convolution; impulse response; time-domain analysis of LTI systems based on convolution and
differential/difference equations. Fourier transform, Laplace transform, Z-transform, Transfer function.
Sampling and recovery of signals DFT, FFT Processing of analog signals through discrete-time systems.

3. E.M. Theory :
Maxwell’s equations, wave propagation in bounded media. Boundary conditions, reflection and
refraction of plane waves. Transmission lines : travelling and standing waves, impedance matching, Smith
chart.
4. Analog Electronics :
Characteristics and equivalent circuits (large and small-signal) of Diode, BJT, JFET and MOSFET.

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Diode circuits : Clipping, clamping, rectifier. Biasing and bias stability. FET amplifiers. Current mirror;
Amplifiers : single and multi-stage, differential, operational feedback and power. Analysis of
amplifiers; frequency-response of amplifiers. OPAMP circuits. Filters; sinusoidal oscillators : criterion for
oscillation; single-transistor and OPAMP configurations. Function generators and wave-shaping circuits.
Linear and switching power supplies.
5. Digital Electronics :
Boolean algebra; minimisation of Boolean functions; logic gates; digital IC families (DTL, TTL, ECL,
MOS, CMOS). Combinational circuits : arithmetic circuits, code converters, multiplexers and decoders.
Sequential circuits: latches and flip-flops, counters and shift-registers. Comparators, timers,
multivibrators. Sample and hold circuits, ADCs and DACs. Semiconductor memories. Logic
implementation using programmable devices (ROM, PLA, FPGA).
6. Energy Conversion :
Principles of electromechanical energy conversion : Torque and emf in rotating machines. DC
machines : characteristics and performance analysis; starting and speed control of motors. Transformers :
principles of operation and analysis; regulation, efficiency; 3-phase transformers. 3-phase induction
machines and synchronous machines : characteristics and performance analysis; speed control.
7. Power Electronics and Electric Drives :
Semi-conductor power devices : diode, transistor, thyristor, triac, GTO and MOSFET-static
characteristics and principles of operation; triggering circuits; phase control rectifiers; bridge converters :
fully-controlled and half-controlled; principles of thyristor choppers and inverters; DC-DC converters;
Switch mode inverter; basic concepts of speed control of dc and ac motor drives applications of variable-
speed drives.
8. Analog Communication :
Random variables : continuous, discrete; probability, probability functions. Statistical averages;
probability models; Random signals and noise : white noise, noise equivalent bandwidth; signal
transmission with noise; signal to noise ratio. Linear CW modulation : Amplitude modulation : DSB, DSB-
SC and SSB. Modulators and Demodulators; Phase and Frequency modulation : PM & FM signals;
narrows band FM; generation & detection of FM and PM, Deemphasis, Preemphasis. CW modulation
system : Superhetrodyne receivers, AM receivers, communication receivers, FM receivers, phase locked
loop, SSB receiver Signal to noise ratio calculation or AM and FM receivers.

PAPER II
1. Control Systems :
Elements of control systems; block-diagram representations; open-loop & closed-loop systems;
principles and applications of feed-back. Control system components. LTI systems : time-domain and
transform-domain analysis. Stability : Routh Hurwitz criterion, root-loci, Bode-plots and polor plots,
Nyquist’s criterion; Design of lead-lad compensators. Proportional, PI, PID controllers. State-variable
representation and analysis of control systems.
2. Microprocessors and Microcomputers :
PC organisation; CPU, instruction set, register settiming diagram, programming, interrupts,
memory interfacing, I/O interfacing, programmable peripheral devices.

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3. Measurement and Instrumentation :

Error analysis; measurement of current voltage, power, energy, power-factor, resistance,
inductance, capacitance and frequency; bridge measurements. Signal conditioning circuit; Electronic
measuring instruments : multimeter, CRO, digital voltmeter, frequency counter, Q-meter, spectrum-
analyser, distoration-meter. Transducers : thermocouple, thermistor, LVDT, strain-guage, piezo-electric
crystal.
4. Power Systems: Analysis and Control :
Steady-state performance of overhead transmission lines and cables; principles of active and
reactive power transfer and distribution; per-unit quantities; bus admittance and impedance matrices;
load flow; voltage control and power factor correction; economic operation; symmetrical components,
analysis of symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults. Concepts of system stability : swing curves and equal
area criterion. Static VAR system. Basic concepts of HVDC transmission.
5. Power System Protection :
Principles of overcurrent, differential and distance protection. Concept of solid state relays. Circuit
brakers. Computer aided protection : introduction; line, bus, generator, transformer protection; numeric
relays and application of DSP to protection.
6. Digital Communication :
Pulse code modulation (PCM), defferential pulse code modulation (DPCM), delta modulation (DM),
Digital modulation and demodulation schemes : amplitude, phase and frequency keying schemes (ASK,
PSK, FSK). Error control coding : error detection and correction, linear block codes, convolation codes.
Information measure and source coding. Data networks, 7-layer architecture.

GEOGRAPHY
PAPER I
PRINCIPLES OF GEOGRAPHY
Physical Geography :
1. GEOMORPHOLOGY : Factors controlling landform development; endogenetic and exogenetic
forces; Origin and evolution of the earth’s crusts; Fundamentals of geomagnetism; Physical conditions of
the earth’s interior; Geosynclines; Continental drift; Isostasy; Plate tectonics; Recent views on mountain
building; Volcanicity; Earthquakes and Tsunamis; Concepts of geomorphic cycles and Land scape
development; Denudation chronology; Channel morphology; Erosion surfaces; Slope development; Applied
Geomorphology; Geomorphology, economic geology and environment.
2. Climatology : Temperature and pressure belts of the world; Heat budget of the earth; Atmospheric
circulation; Atmospheric stability and instability. Planetary and local winds; Monsoons and jet streams;
Air masses and fronto; Temperate and tropical cyclones; Types and distribution of precipitation; Weather
and Climate; Koppen’s Thornthwaite’s and Trewar Tha’s classification of world climate; Hydrological cycle;
Global climatic change, and role and response of man in climatic changes Applied climatology and Urban
climate.
3. Oceanography : Bottom topography of the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans; Temperature and
salinity of the oceans; Heat and salt budgets, Ocean deposits; Waves, currents and tides; Marine
resources; biotic, mineral and energy resources; Coral reefs coral bleaching; Sea-level changes; Law of the
sea and marine pollution.

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Strategic flexibility; Reinventing strategy; Strategy and structure; chief Executive and Board; turnaround
management; Management of strategic change; Strategic alliances, Mergers and Acquisitions; Strategy and
corporate evolution in the Indian context.
6. International Business :
International Business Environment : Changing composition of trade in goods and services; India’s
Foreign Trade: Policy and trends; Financing of International trade; Regional Economic Cooperation; FTAs;
Internationalisation of service firms; International production; Operation Management in International
companies; International Taxation; Global competitiveness and technological developments; Global E-
Business; Designing global organisational structure and control; Multicultural management; Global
business strategy; Global marketing strategies; Export Management; Export-Import procedures; Joint
Ventures; Foreign Investment: Foreign direct investment and foreign portfolio investment; Cross-border
Mergers and Acquisitions; Foreign Exchange Risk Exposure Management; World Financial Markets and
International Banking; External Debt Management; Country Risk Analysis.
MATHEMATICS
PAPER I
(1) Linear Algebra :
Vector spaces over R and C, linear dependence and independence, subspaces, bases, dimensions, Linear
transformations, rank and nullity, matrix of a linear transformation.
Algebra of Matrices; Row and column reduction, Echelon form, congruence’s and similarity; Rankof a
matrix; Inverse of a matrix; Solution of system of linear equations; Eigenvalues and eigenvectors,
characteristic polynomial, Cayley-Hamilton theorem, Symmetric, skew-symmetric, Hermitian, skew-
Hermitian, orthogonal and unitary matrices and their eigenvalues.
(2) Calculus :
Real numbers, functions of a real variable, limits, continuity, differentiability, mean-value theorem,
Taylor’s theorem with remainders, indeterminate forms, maxima and minima, asymptotes; Curve tracing;
Functions of two or three variables; Limits, continuity, partial derivatives, maxima and minima,
Lagrange’s method of multipliers, Jacobian.
Riemann’s definition of definite integrals; Indefinite integrals; Infinite and improper integral; Double and
triple integrals (evaluation techniques only); Areas, surface and volumes.
(3) Analytic Geometry :
Cartesian and polar coordinates in three dimensions, second degree equations in three variables,
reduction to Canonical forms; straight lines, shortest distance between two skew lines, Plane, sphere,
cone, cylinder, paraboloid, ellipsoid, hyperboloid of one and two sheets and their properties.
(4) Ordinary Differential Equations :
Formulation of differential equations; Equations of first order and first degree, integrating factor;
Orthogonal trajectory; Equations of first order but not of first degree, Clairaut’s equation, singular
solution.
Second and higher order liner equations with constant coefficients, complementary function, particular
integral and general solution.
Section order linear equations with variable coefficients, Euler-Cauchy equation; Determination of
complete solution when one solution is known using method of variation of parameters.
Laplace and Inverse Laplace transforms and their properties, Laplace transforms of elementary functions.

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Application to initial value problems for 2nd order linear equations with constant coefficients.
(5) Dynamics and Statics :
Rectilinear motion, simple harmonic motion, motion in a plane, projectiles; Constrained motion; Work and
energy, conservation of energy; Kepler’s laws, orbits under central forces.
Equilibrium of a system of particles; Work and potential energy, friction, Common catenary; Principle of
virtual work; Stability of equilibrium, equilibrium of forces in three dimensions.
(6) Vector Analysis :
Scalar and vector fields, differentiation of vector field of a scalar variable; Gradient, divergence and curl in
cartesian and cylindrical coordinates; Higher order derivatives; Vector identities and vector equation.
Application to geometry : Curves in space, curvature and torsion; Serret-Furenet's formulae.
Gauss and Stokes’ theorems, Green's indentities.
PAPER II
(1) Algebra :
Groups, subgroups, cyclic groups, cosets, Lagrange’s Theorem, normal subgroups, quotient groups,
homomorphism of groups, basic isomorphism theorems, permutation groups, Cayley’s theorem.
Rings, subrings and ideals, homomorphisms of rings; Integral domains, principal ideal domains,
Euclidean domains and unique factorization domains; Fields, quotient fields.
(2) Real Analysis :
Real number system as an ordered field with least upper bound property; Sequences, limit of a sequence,
Cauchy sequence, completeness of real line; Series and its convergence, absolute and conditional
convergence of series of real and complex terms, rearrangement of series. Continuity and uniform
continuity of functions, properties of continuous functions on compact sets.
Riemann integral, improper integrals; Fundamental theorems of integral calculus.
Uniform convergence, continuity, differentiability and integrability for sequences and series of functions;
Partial derivatives of functions of several (two or three) variables, maxima and minima.
(3) Complex Analysis :
Analytic function, Cauchy-Riemann equations, Cauchy's theorem, Cauchy's integral formula, power
series, representation of an analytic function, Taylor’s series; Singularities; Laurent’s series; Cauchy’s
residue theorem; Contour integration.
(4) Linear Programming :
Linear programming problems, basic solution, basic feasible solution and optimal solution; Graphical
method and simplex method of solutions; Duality.
Transportation and assignment problems.
(5) Partial Differential Equations :
Family of surfaces in three dimensions and formulation of partial differential equations; Solution of
quasilinear partial differential equations of the first order, Cauchy’s method of characteristics; Linear
partial differential equations of the second order with constant coefficients, canonical form; Equation of a
vibrating string, heat equation, Laplace
equation and their solutions.
(6) Numerical Analysis and Computer Programming :
Numerical methods: Solution of algebraic and transcendental equations of one variable by bisection,

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Regula-Falsi and Newton-Raphson methods, solution of system of linear equations by Gaussian

Elimination and Gauss-Jorden (direct), Gauss-Seidel (iterative) methods. Newton’s (forward and backward)
and interpolation, Lagrange’s interpolation.
Numerical integration: Trapezoidal rule, Simpson’s rule, Gaussian quadrature formula.
Numerical solution of ordinary differential equations : Eular and Runga Kutta methods.
Computer Programming : Binary system; Arithmetic and logical operations on numbers; Octal and
Hexadecimal Systems; Conversion to and from decimal Systems; Algebra of binary numbers.
Elements of computer systems and concept of memory; Basic logic gates and truth tables, Boolean
algebra, normal forms.
Representation of unsigned integers, signed integers and reals, double precision reals and long integers.
Algorithms and flow charts for solving numerical analysis problems.
(7) Mechanics and Fluid Dynamics :
Generalised coordinates; D’Alembert’s principle and Lagrange’s equations; Hamilton equations; Moment of
inertia; Motion of rigid bodies in two dimensions.
Equation of continuity; Euler’s equation of motion for inviscid flow; Stream-lines, path of a particle;
Potential flow; Two-dimensional and axisymmetric motion; Sources and sinks, vortex motion; Navier-
Stokes equation for a viscous fluid.
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

PAPER I

1. Mechanics :

1.1 Mechanics of Rigid Bodies :

Equations of equilibrium in space and its application; first and second moments of area; simple problems
on friction; kinematics of particles for plane motion; elementary particle dynamics.

1.2 Mechanics of Deformable Bodies :

Generalized Hooke’s law and its application; design problems on axial stress, shear stress and bearing
stress; material properties for dynamic loading; bending shear and stresses in beams; determination of
principle stresses and strains-analytical and graphical; compound and combined stresses; bi-axial
stresses-thin walled pressure vessel; material behaviour and design factors for dynamic load; design of
circular shafts for bending and torsional load only; deflection of beam for statically determinate problems;
theories of failure.

2.Engineering Materials :

Basic concepts on structure of solids, common ferrous and non-ferrous materials and their applications;
heat-treatment of steels; non-metalsplastics, cermics, composite materials and nano-materials.

3.Theory of Machines :

Kinematic and dynamic analysis of plane mechanisms. Cams, Gears and empicyclie gear trains, flywheels,
governors, balancing of rigid rotors, balancing of single and multicy- linder engines, linear vibration
analysis of mechanical systems (single degree of freedom), Critical speeds and whirling of shafts.

4. Manufacturing Science :

4.1 Manufacturing Process:

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Philosophy of Religion

1. Notions of God : Attributes; Relation to Man and the World. (Indian and Western).

2. Proofs for the Existence of God and their Critique (Indian and Western).

3. Problem of Evil.

4. Soul : Immortality; Rebirth and Liberation.

5. Reason, Revelation and Faith.

6. Religious Experience : Nature and Object (Indian and Western).

7. Religion without God.

8. Religion and Morality.

9. Religious Pluralism and the Problem of Absolute Truth.

10. Nature of Religious Language : Analogical and Symbolic; Cognitivist and Non-cognitive.

PHYSICS

PAPER-I

1. (a) Mechanics of Particles :

Laws of motion; conservation of energy and momentum, applications to rotating frames, centripetal
and Coriolis accelerations; Motion under a central force; Conservation of angular momentum, Kepler’s
laws; Fields and potentials; Gravitational field and potential due to spherical bodies, Gauss and Poisson
equations, gravitational self-energy; Two-body problem; Reduced mass; Rutherford scattering; Centre of
mass and laboratory reference frames.

(b) Mechanics of Rigid Bodies :

System of particles; Centre of mass, angular momentum, equations of motion; Conservation

theorems for energy, momentum and angular momentum; Elastic and inelastic collisions; Rigid Body;
Degrees of freedom, Euler’s theorem, angular velocity, angular momentum, moments of inertia, theorems
of parallel and perpendicular axes, equation of motion for rotation; Molecular rotations (as rigid bodies); Di
and tri-atomic molecules; Precessional motion; top, gyroscope.

(c) Mechanics of Continuous Media :

Elasticity, Hooke’s law and elastic constants of isotropic solids and their inter-relation; Streamline
(Laminar) flow, viscosity, Poiseuille’s equation, Bernoulli’s equation, Stokes’ law and applications.

(d) Special Relativity :

Michelson-Morely experiment and its implications; Lorentz transformations length contraction, time
dilation, addition of relativistic velocities, aberration and Doppler effect, mass-energy relation, simple
applications to a decay process. Four dimensional momentum vector; Covariance of equations of physics.

2. Waves and Optics :

(a) Waves :

Simple harmonic motion, damped oscillation, forced oscillation and resonance; Beats; Stationary
waves in a string; Pulses and wave packets; Phase and group velocities; Reflection and refraction from
Huygens’ principle.

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(b) Geometrial Optics :

Laws of reflection and refraction from Fermat’s principle; Matrix method in paraxial optic-thin lens
formula, nodal planes, system of two thin lenses, chromatic and spherical aberrations.

(c) Interference :

Interference of light -Young’s experiment, Newton’s rings, interference by thin films, Michelson
interferometer; Multiple beam interference and Fabry Perot interferometer.

(d) Diffraction :

Fraunhofer diffraction - single slit, double slit, diffraction grating, resolving power; Diffraction by a
circular aperture and the Airy pattern; Fresnel diffraction: half-period zones and zone plates, circular
aperture.

(e) Polarisation and Modern Optics :

Production and detection of linearly and circularly polarized light; Double refraction, quarter wave
plate; Optical activity; Principles of fibre optics, attenuation; Pulse dispersion in step index and parabolic
index fibres; Material dispersion, single mode fibers; Lasers-Einstein A and B coefficients. Ruby and He-Ne
lasers. Characteristics of laser light-spatial and temporal coherence; Focusing of laser beams. Three-level
scheme for laser operation; Holography and simple applications.

3. Electricity and Magnetism :

(a) Electrostatics and Magnetostatics :

Laplace and Poisson equations in electrostatics and their applications; Energy of a system of charges,
multipole expansion of scalar potential; Method of images and its applications. Potential and field due to
a dipole, force and torque on a dipole in an external field; Dielectrics, polarisation. Solutions to boundary-
value problems-conducting and dielectric spheres in a uniform electric field; Magnetic shell, uniformly
magnetised sphere; Ferromagnetic materials, hysteresis, energy loss.

(b) Current Electricity :

Kirchhoff's laws and their applications. Biot-Savart law, Ampere’s law, Faraday’s law, Lenz’ law. Self-
and mutual- inductances; Mean and rms values in AC circuits; DC and AC circuits with R, L and C
components; Series and parallel resonance; Quality factor; Principle of transformer.

4. Electromagnetic Waves and Blackbody Radiation :

Displacement current and Maxwell’s equations; Wave equations in vacuum, Poynting theorem; Vector
and scalar potentials; Electromagnetic field tensor, covariance of Maxwell’s equations; Wave equations in
isotropic dielectrics, reflection and refraction at the boundary of two dielectrics; Fresnel’s relations; Total
internal reflection; Normal and anomalous dispersion; Rayleigh scattering; Blackbody radiation and
Planck ’s radiation law- Stefan-Boltzmann law, Wien’s displacement law and Rayleigh-Jeans law.

5. Thermal and Statistical Physics :

(a) Thermodynamics :

Laws of thermodynamics, reversible and irreversible processes, entropy; Isothermal, adiabatic,

isobaric, isochoric processes and entropy changes; Otto and Diesel engines, Gibbs’ phase rule and
chemical potential; Van der Waals equation of state of a real gas, critical constants; Maxwell-Boltzmann
distribution of molecular velocities, transport phenomena, equipartition and virial theorems; Dulong-Petit,

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Einstein, and Debye’s theories of specific heat of solids; Maxwell relations and application; Clausius-
Clapeyron equation. Adiabatic demagnetisation, Joule-Kelvin effect and liquefaction of gases.

(b) Statistical Physics :

Macro and micro states, statistical distributions, Maxwell-Boltzmann, Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac
Distributions, applications to specific heat of gases and blackbody radiation; Concept of negative
temperatures.

PAPER-II

1. Quantum Mechanics :

Wave-particle duality; Schroedinger equation and expectation values; Uncertainty principle; Solutions of
the one-dimensional Schroedinger equation for free particle (Gaussian wave-packet), particle in a box,
particle in a finite well, linear harmonic oscillator; Reflection and transmission by a step potential and by
a rectangular barrier; Particle in a three dimensional box, density of states, free electron theory of metals;
Angular momentum; Hydrogen atom; Spin half particles, properties of Pauli spin matrices.

2. Atomic and Molecular Physics :

Stern-Gerlach experiment, electron spin, fine structure of hydrozen atom; L-S coupling, J-J coupling;
Spectroscopic notation of atomic states; Zeeman effect; Franck-Condon principle and applications;
Elementary theory of rotational, vibrational and electronic spectra of diatomic molecules; Raman effect
and molecular structure; Laser Raman spectroscopy; Importance of neutral hydrogen atom, molecular
hydrogen and molecular hydrogen ion in astronomy. Fluorescence and Phosphorescence; Elementary
theory and applications of NMR and EPR; Elementary ideas about Lamb shift and its significance.

3. Nuclear and Particle Physics :

Basic nuclear properties-size, binding energy, angular momentum, parity, magnetic moment;
Semi-empirical mass formula and applications. Mass parabolas; Ground state of a deuteron, magnetic
moment and non-central forces; Meson theory of nuclear forces; Salient features of nuclear forces; Shell
model of the nucleus - success and limitations; Violation of parity in beta decay; Gamma decay and
internal conversion; Elementary ideas about Mossbauer spectroscopy; Q-value of nuclear reactions;
Nuclear fission and fusion, energy production in stars. Nuclear reactors.

Classification of elementary particles and their interactions; Conservation laws; Quark structure of
hadrons : Field quanta of electroweak and strong interactions; Elementary ideas about unification of
forces; Physics of neutrinos.

4. Solid State Physics, Devices and Electronics :

Crystalline and amorphous structure of matter; Different crystal systems, space groups; Methods of
determination of crystal structure; X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopies;
Band theory of solids—conductors, insulators and semi-conductors; Thermal properties of solids, specific
heat, Debye theory; Magnetism: dia, para and ferromagnetism; Elements of super-conductivity, Meissner
effect, Josephson junctions and applications; Elementary ideas about high temperature super-
conductivity.

Intrinsic and extrinsic semi-conductors- p-n-p and n-p-n transistors; Amplifiers and oscillators. Op-amps;
FET, JFET and MOSFET; Digital electronics-Boolean identities, De Morgan’s laws, Logic gates and truth
tables. Simple logic circuits; Thermistors, solar cells; Fundamentals of microprocessors and digital
computers.

Government strives to have a workforce which reflects gender balance and women candidates are encouraged to apply.