DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL

ENGINEERING DIPLOMA OF CIVIL

ENGINEERING

CIVE 2401D
CONSTRUCTIONS MATERIAL AND SITE PRACTICE
INDIVIDUAL PROJECT REPORT
REPORT TITLE
PROJECT ASSIGNMENT

9 December 2021
GIVEN DATE

SUBMISSION 10 January 2022

DATE
LECTURER’S Madam Noorbaya Binti Mohd Salleh
NAME
1. Rohadatul Alya Binti Ramlan 203022357

2.
NAME & MATRIC
3.

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 TABLE OF CONTENT
NO
TITTLE
COVER PAGE 1

TABLE OF CONTENT 2

INTRODUCTION 3

OBJECTIVE 3

BODY OF CONTENT 4-14

1. Site of machineries
2. List of Machineries
3. Site Planning
4. Equipment and Material
• Mobilization
• Demobilization
5. Demolition
6. Aspects to be considered when placing the
machinery
DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS 15

REFERENCE 16

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 I. INTRODUCTION

The definition of site preparation is deconstruction or wrecking of buildings and

infrastructure, clearing of construction projects, and the selling of demolished structure
materials are all part of site preparation. Blasting, test drilling, landfill, levelling,
earthmoving, excavation, land drainage, and other land preparation are also part of the site
preparation process. Except for oil and gas sites, tunnelling, overburden removal, and other
development and preparation of mineral properties and sites are also included.

Before an engineer starts working, he or she must complete a set of duties or activities known
as site preparation. The old site, sometimes known as the hostile site, is where fresh building
work is being planned. This is due to the fact that the site and everything on it supports the
next construction project; so, site planning is needed.

For example, if a new building is required on a site that formerly housed a gym, the existing
structure must be deconstructed before the new structure can be built. This is made possible
by proper site preparation. The definition of site preparation demonstrates this. Many
individuals are unaware that site preparation is what laid the groundwork for the present
framework.

II. OBJECTIVE

When the site is properly prepared, the rest of the activities become much easier. Site
preparation will aid engineers in knowing where not to dig and where to dig if a structure is
to be constructed in an area with a lot of underground pipes or in an area just above the
sewers. This will eliminate any future issues with underground pipe bursting. While working
on a construction project, construction management is extremely vital.

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III. SITE PREPARING FOR MACHINERIES

Site preparation will be impossible without the necessary tools and equipment. Machines are
used at this stage of any construction project. Humans operate the equipment, but the
machines are the ones that do the heavy lifting, they are the ones who prepare the place. Land
grading site preparation entails demolition of old structures, tree removal, and a variety of
other tasks. Consequently, human hands are incapable of doing this work, demanding the use
of tools and equipment. There were no complex instruments to aid with site preparation in the
past, but there are sophisticated techniques available today that make site preparation faster.

IV. LIST OF MACHINERIES

This are list of machineries that commonly use in construction and site preparing. There are
compactors, wheelbarrows, bulldozer, backhoe and a lot of heavy equipment. Each of the
equipment have their own functions and way to use.

Compactors/Tamping Machine

This particular building site tool is utilised in site preparation to level and compact the soil,
and not just any ground, but the ground that will serve as the foundation for the building. To
be suitable for construction, the land that will serve as the foundation must be compact. It will
soon become loose if it is not compacted enough, and any construction that stands on it will
agree with the phrase "built on sinking ground." The compactor will compact or securely
bind the foundation ground.

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Wheelbarrow

This kind of equipment is easy to find in the site. In building sites, the wheelbarrow is utilised
to transport loads from one location to another. Cement, for example, is required on the
construction site, but it is always stored in a cool, dry location away from the workers.

Bulldozer

This machine is used to remove undesired materials from the ground's surface. A bulldozer is
used to remove unwanted items such as huge tree trunks that are too heavy to be lifted by
hand. A considerable amount of dirt is always moved by the bulldozer from the ground's
surface. The bulldozer aids in the removal of undesired items from the surface.

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Backhoe

The bulldozer and the backhoe have a synergistic relationship. The backhoe pulls up or digs
out undesired things while the bulldozer pushes them about. Imagine a large hoe. These
mechanical tools and equipment are always present on the construction site of a structure.

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 V. SITE PLANNING

Site planning is one of the important things in site preparation because to increase safety in
construction field. To have a great safety in construction site, planning site accessibilities is a
great way to start. Easy accessibility will keep the morale of the equipment and vehicle
drivers high, minimize the chance of accidents, and save time in maneuvering to arrive at and
leave the project. In case of large projects, proper planning is required to layout the roads
leading from the nearest highway. Internal roads are necessary for easy flow of work.
Machineries are also place in a safe, suitable spot in the site.

Site map should be located details of the project, and displayed in the office of the site
superintendent or project manager and posted at the entrance gate. Traffic regulatory signs
help in guiding the traffic on the site and avoid accidents to a considerable extent. Emergency
routes and underground services: It is important to display the emergency escape routes on
every floor as the building progresses. Locations of underground services should be marked
to prevent its damage.

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VI. SAFETY

Next, safety is also an important thing need to be in the top list during construction.
This are the example of safety that we needed:
• Fire prevention: Fire is a major cause of damage on construction sites. So that, fire
extinguishers are basic requirements on a construction project.
• Medical services: On construction project a first aid kit is a must. In remote projects
a well-equipped medical room with a doctor and nurse is important.
• Construction safety clothing: Basic safety supplies like safety shoes, hard hats,
gloves, and goggles must be used by workers.

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Security:
• Entrance: It is necessary to have a proper guard entrance to the site provided by a
booth. Also, it is necessary to keep track of all visitors to the project.
• Lighting: It is necessary to have a standby generator to maintain site lighting.
• Fencing: The boundary should be fenced off from a security point of view.

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VII. EQUIPMENT AND MATERIAL
What is mobilization? The transport of construction teams and equipment to the site, as well
as the preparation of the site for construction, is referred to as mobilisation. The results from
the previous phase are the inputs for this one. Mobilization duties include setting up project
site accommodations, unloading construction goods, and measuring the depths of water and
(or) sewer mains. For these types of projects, the excavation procedure does not just involve
using a backhoe to dig down to the water and (or) sewer main and connecting the water and
sewer lines. Other subsurface services, such as gas, power, and fibre optics, are frequently
discovered within the proposed excavation trench because most of these installations are
within existing subdivisions.

The contract stipulates that this work covers mobilisation and demobilisation at the time of
award. If additional mobilisation and demobilisation activities and costs are required during
the execution of the contract as a result of changed, deleted, or added items of work for which
the contractor is entitled to a contract price adjustment, compensation for such costs will be
included in the price adjustment for the changed or added item or items of work.

Mobilization shall include:

• Transportation of the Contractor's employees, equipment, and operating supplies to

the job site, including all activities and associated costs
• Construction of offices, buildings, and other general facilities for the Contractor's
operations on the worksite.
• Insurance payments for effectiveness and payment bonds, including applicable
coinsurance and reinsurance agreements
• Construction and management of haul roads and parking areas for heavy equipment
• Other job-related items

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 Demobilization shall include:
• All actions and expenditures associated with transporting persons, equipment, and
supplies from the project site that were not used in the project
• Buildings, structures, and other facilities installed on the site are disassembled,
removed, and cleaned up.
• Access roads, temporary haul roads, and equipment parking spaces will all be
repaired, leaving the project site in the same or better condition than when it began.
• To restore a nice and organised project site, general cleaning and housekeeping will
be required.

VIII. DEMOLITION

Demolition is the process of removing an existing structure from a site where a new one will
be constructed. These kind of lots are known as brown field sites since they have previously
been developed. Greenfield sites are those where a home is being built on land that has never
had a home built on it before. An excavator often removes the old home during the
demolition phase of a project, and the debris is sifted and either repurposed or transferred to
the dump. Products such as drywall, aluminium, and wood can all be recycled.

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IX. THE ASPECT TO BE EVALUATED FOR MACHINERY PLACEMENT ON
THE SITE
1. Size of the machine
• Equipment should be of a size that allows it to be combined with other units of the
same size. If the equipment chosen is larger, it will either be idle for the most of the
time or work on portion loads, resulting in higher production costs. On the other
side, if equipment is smaller than desired, it would not be willing to work with the
matching equipment, forcing other equipment to sit idle or work on part loads, both
of which are unprofitable.
2. Past performance
• If the hardware being bought is new, it is a good idea to ask other users about its
performance.
3. Operating Requirements
• The equipment chosen should be straightforward to build and run, user-friendly,
and consume less fuel.
4. Reliable of equipment
• The equipment chosen for the job must be dependable.
5. Multipurpose Equipment
• Certain types of equipment aren't being used to their full potential. As a result, if
at all possible, they should be able to execute many functions, such as an
excavator with a wheel grader bucket configuration or rock breaker attachments.
6. Standardization
• In a project, it is preferable to have equipment of the same type and size. It
implies fewer spare parts and more interchangeability of parts if needed, making
it easier for operators to understand. It also means mechanics will be able to
maintain and repair equipment more efficiently as they gain experience with
similar equipment.

7. Availability of Spare Parts

• When choosing a certain type or manufacture of equipment, make sure that
replacement parts will be supplied at a fair price all throughout equipment's
lifetime. It should also be assured that equipment downtime due to a lack of spare
parts is kept to a minimum
8. Availability of Equipment

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• It is recommended that equipment that is readily available on the market be
purchased. It should always be confirmed that the equipment has a good
reputation and is likely to be achieved in the future. This is required for future
standardizing and to ensure the availability of spare parts. After the project is
over, it is simple to dispose of such equipment.

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 X. CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION

In conclusion, management contracting allows for better project management and

coordination, as well as a tighter relationship between consultants and managers, as well as a
totally cost-effective and competitive price. The distinction between project construction and
production management is that in the former, the manager's job spans the whole project life
cycle, whereas in the latter, the manager's role is primarily focused on the construction stage.
The project's success hinges on the selection of project and construction managers, as well as
members of their teams.

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XI. REFFERENCE
1. https://www.asanduff.com/different-site-preparation-tools-equipment/
2. https://www.asanduff.com/site-preparation-building-construction-project/
3. https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Mobilization-and-excavation-activities-on-site-a-
workers-unload-timber-lagging-b_fig1_237151870
4. https://www.dtwd.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/teachingproducts/BC1900_CCBY.PD
F
5. https://projectmanagement123.com/site-preparation-and-mobilization-method-
statement/
6. https://findanyanswer.com/what-is-demobilization-construction
7. https://info.fbibuildings.com/blog/site-preparation
8. https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Construction_management:_mobilisation
9. https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/nrcs141p2_001986.pdf
10. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TXQSr1jIuzg
11. https://basiccivilengineering.com/2015/04/type-of-equipment-use-in-
construction.html
12. https://www.ques10.com/p/21078/what-are-the-factors-to-be-considered-for-selectio/

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