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PDF Salvador Minuchin Familias y Terapia Familiar DD

This document discusses the life and work of Brazilian philosopher Olavo de Carvalho. It provides a brief biography, noting that he studied philosophy in Brazil and France. It also summarizes some of his major philosophical influences and ideas, including his critiques of postmodernism and support for traditional Western values.

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Fran Brito
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
76 views80 pages

PDF Salvador Minuchin Familias y Terapia Familiar DD

This document discusses the life and work of Brazilian philosopher Olavo de Carvalho. It provides a brief biography, noting that he studied philosophy in Brazil and France. It also summarizes some of his major philosophical influences and ideas, including his critiques of postmodernism and support for traditional Western values.

Uploaded by

Fran Brito
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NC G A K A C T
 

VLGCX FL _XAH@CBÃKAXAX Q
_TCHVAHC _XAH@CBCKAVAHC
Xl cirupcb lb lstc slhhaøb tçtuk`s fl psah`k`içc, psaquactrçc y psa
Xckvcf`r Gabuhmab
h`cbãkasas, sliúb ub hratlra` b` s`kcglbtl tlgãtah` sab` tcgdaáb
h`bhlptuck y halbtçnah`. Tlúbl kadr`s fl n`bf` flbtr` fl kc gãs
chtuck pr`fuhhaøb tlørahc lb kc tl`rçc psah`cbckçtahc y sus fas
tabtcs vlrtalbtls: psah`tlrcpac fl irup`s, cbãkasas abstatuha`bck,
mast`rac flk g`vagalbt` psah`cbckçtah`, lth., sab `gatar kcs cp`rtc
ha`bls fl kc kkcgcfc lshulkc kchcbacbc.

K\HA@ _ABE\X
NCGAKACX
Vl`rçc fl kc psah`tlrcpac cbckçtahc
cbckçtahc drlvl
XCK^CF@T
XCK^C F@T GAB\HMAB
Ncgakacs y tlrcpac ncgakacr
ncgakacr QNCGAKACT
VLTC_AC
KL@BCTF XGCKK
_sah`tlrcpacs drlvls
LFICTF
LFICTF@
@IIAKÇ
AKÇ Q _CH
_CHM@
M@ @F@BL
@F@BLKK
KK
Lkjuli`
HKC\FL KL I\LB
 Kc prãh tahc flk gát
gát`f`
`f` psah`cbc
psah `cbc kçtah`
kçtah `
BCBHQ HM@F@T@Y
Lk ljlrhaha` fl kc gctlrbafcf
NLTBCBF@ F@ICBC
_=Çh`pct`miçc   flk 
flk  h`bsug` h`tafacb`
GC\F GCBB@BA
 Kc prag lrc lbtrlvas
lbtr lvas tc h`b lk psah`cbc
psah `cbc kastc
F.Y.YABBAH@VV
_sah`cbãkasas fl ubc baóc plqulóc (Vml _aiikl)
JCB LV GCKH@
GCKH@KG KG
_sah`cbãkasas: ubc pr`nlsaøb agp`sadkl lfat`rack
(saiul lb pãi. 8<<)

Vçtuk` flk `raiabck abikás:


Ncgakals & Ncgaky Vmlrcpy
© 3196 dy Vml _rlsaflbt cbf Nlkk`ws `n Mcrv
Mcrvcrf
crf H`kklil

 ÇBFAHL
 ÇBFA HL
Vrcfuhhaøb: ^çht`r Nahmgcb

 Fasló` fl hudalrtc:
hudalrtc: Hcrk`s T`kcbf` y Cs`hacf`s
@htcvc rlagprlsa
rlagprlsaøb,
øb, gcrz` flk 44??8
??8,, Dcrhlk`bc
3* Tlagprlsaøb lb Gáxah`, ci`st` flk 4??6

Flrlhm`s rlslrvcf`s pcrc t`fcs kcs lfaha`bls lb hcstlkkcb`

© Lfat`rack Ilfasc,
Ilfasc, X.C.
_csl` D`bcb`vc,
D`bcb`vc, 1 A - A
` c

==?44 Dcrhlk`bc, Lspcóc


Vlk. 18 4<8 ?1 ?6 Flfahct`rac 1
Ncx 18 4<8 ?1 ?< Circflhagalbt`s 33
H`rrl` lklhtrøbah`: ilfascOilfasc.h`g
ilfascOilfasc.h`g   B`tc °hlrhc fl kcs trcbshrapha`bls 38
mttp://www.ilfasc.h`g  
mttp://www.ilfasc.h`g
Ilstaøb, rlprlslbtchaøb y farlhhaøb 3
fl lstc lfahaøb VLTC_AC LXVT\HV\TCK FL
FL** KC NCGAKAC 31
©Lfat`rack Ilfasc Glxahcbc,
Glxahcbc, X.C. AA
Iucbcjuc
Iucb cjuct`
t` 4?4 k`l. 3 H`k. T`gc \BC NCGA KAC LB N@TGCHAØB 81
?>9?? Gáxah` F.N. AAA
L-gcak: ilfascOilfasc-glxah`.h`g
ilfascOilfasc-glxah`.h`g   \B G@FLK@ NCGAKACT 9=

AXDB: 1>=-=<4-?63-3 A^
\BC NCGAKAC FLK EADD\ VZ 3?=
Flpøsat` klick: D. 3394=-4??8
^
^lrfciulr, 3 - Hcplkkcfls (Dcrhlk`bc) AG_KAHCHA@BLX VLTC_Á\VAHCX FL
\B LBN@S\L LXVT\ HV\TC K 38=
Agprls` lb Gáxah`
_rabtlf ab Gáxah` ^A
KC NCGAKAC LB VLTC_AC 3><
Sulfc
Sulfc pr`mada
pr`madafc
fc kc rlpr`fuh
rlpr`fuhhaøb
haøb t`tck ` pcrhack p`r huckqualr glfa` fl ^AA
agprlsaøb, lb n`rgc afábtahc, lxtrchtcfc ` g`fanahcfc, lb hcstlkkcb` ` N@TGCHAØB
N@TGCHAØB FLK XAXVLGC VLTC_ Á\VAH @ 3=8
lb huckqualr `tr` afa`gc.
 

^AAA
KC TLLXVT\HV\TCHAØB FL KC NCGAKAC
A]
KC VÁHBAHC FLK XA, _LT@:
K@X XGAVM Q XCK^CF@T GAB\HMAB
]
KC VÁHBAHC FLK "XA Q'
K@X F@FFX Q HCTK C. YMAVCELT C  ga pcfrl y c ga gcfrl,
qul gl lbslócr`b lk saibanahcf` fl kc ncgÛac,
]A
 y c ga lsp` sc l maj` s
KC LBVTL^AXVC ABAHACK, qul cgpkacr`b ga lxplralbhac.
K@X I@TFLB Q DTC\KA@ G@BVCK^@
]AA
\B LBN@S\L K@BIAV\FABCK,
K@X DT@YB Q LK XCK^CF@T GAB\HMAB

CITCFLHAGALBV@X

Lstl kadr` sl `raiabø lb ircb glfafc lb ub slgabcra` ab


 n`r
 n`rgc
gckk rlc
rlckazc
kazc f` f`s vlh ls p`r slg cbc fur furcbt
cbt l ub plr ç`f
ç`f`` fl
f`s có`s y h`b ubc lxtlbsaøb qul `shakcdc lbtrl k`s trlabtc y
k`s hucrlbtc gabut`s, hucbf` Wcy Mckly, Drcuka` G`btckv` y y`
b`s faraiçcg`s lb cut`gøvak c kc _makcflkpmac Hmakf Iuafcbhl
Hkabah y rlirlsãdcg`s fl lkkc. Guhmcs fl kcs aflcs lxpulstcs
surialr`b fl bulstrcs fashusa`bls, p`r k` qul kls lst`y sugc
glbtl circflhaf`. Circflzh` lb pcrtahukcr c Drcuka` G`btckv`,
ck qul h`bsaflr` h`g` lk gclstr` qul gãs abnkuyø s`drl gç.
Valbl kc rcrc hcpchafcf fl rlhadar ubc aflc y kuli` flv`kvlrkc
lb n`rgc flscrr`kkcfc. C k` kcri` fl bulstr`s falz có`s fl
trcdcj` h`bjubt`, lb guhmcs `hcsa`bls rl`ralbtø ga plbscgalbt`
 y, salg prl
prl,, k` lbr aqu
aqulha
lha ø. Vcg daá
daább gl dlb lnahaá
lna haá h`t
h`tçç kc csa
csas-
s-
tlbhac fl Nrcbhás Mathm`he, quaáb furcbtl saltl có`s gl cyu
fø c hkcranahcr gas aflcs y c v`khcrkcs ck pcplk.
 Guh m`s fl gas h`k h`klic
lic s fl ¡kc _m akcf lkpmac
lkp mac HmaHmakf
kf Iua fcb hh
Hkabah h`btraduylr`b c lstl kadr` c trcvás flk h`bstcbtl ab
tlrhcgda` fl aflcs qul gcbtuvl h`b lkk`s. Flsl` glbha`bcr,
lb pcrtahukcr, c Wlr`gl N`rf, Hãrtlr \gdcrilr, Gcracubl
Ycktlrs y Tcl Ylablr.
Lstl kadr` sl abahaø h`b ubc slral fl h`bnlrlbhacs prlslbtc
fcs lb irup`s fl Lstcf`s \baf`s, Xulhac y M`kcbfc. Flsl`
circflhlr c gas lstufacbtls fl ¡c Cs`hachaøb fl _sah`tlrcpac
fl Irup` fl M`kcbfc, qualbls h`btraktuylr`b h`b sus ljlg
 pk` s y h`g ¡x¡rtal
¡x¡r talr`b
r`b sus afl cs. G`r
G`rflh
flh ca Ecn
Ecnngc
ngc b, G. F., lb
trlvastø lsplhackglbtl c kc ncgakac asrclkç pcrc lstl akmr`.
ilbtaklzc qul kl circflzh`. _`r úktag`, fld` lxprlscr ga circ
flhagalbt` c Kygcb Yybbl p`r sus útakls suilrlbhacs hucbf`
klyø lk gcbushrat` y c ^ariabac Kr_kcbtl p`r su trcdcj` ck
lfatcr lk kadr`.

33
 

B@VC CHLTHC FL KCX VTCBXHTA_HA@BLX

Kcs trcbshrapha`bls fl lstl kadr` nulr`b rlckazcfcs tlbalbf`


lb hulbtc kc pr`tlhhaøb fl kc vafc pravcfc fl kcs ncgakacs lb
trlvastcfcs. Lb k`s hcs`s lb qul nul blhlscra` mchlrk`, k`s h`b
tlbaf`s nulr`b lxpuricf`s.
Cbtls fl kcs trcbshrapha`bls, lb ckiub`s hcs`s sl prlslbtcb
rlnlrlbhacs c kcs ncgakacs agpkahcfcs, c tçtuk` fl ljlgpk`s h`b
hlrbalbtls c favlrs`s csplht`s. Lstl rlhurs` cbtahapct`ra` ls
utakazcf` pcrc ncgakacrazcr ck klht`r h`b k`s hcs`s, pcrc qul
hucbf` klc lk rlkct` fl kc slsaøb lb su t`tckafcf pulfc prls
tcr ubc glb`r ctlbhaøb ck h`btlbaf` y h`bhlbtrcrsl lb gcy`r
glfafc lb lk pr`hls` tlrcpáutah`.
Kcs lbtrlvastcs c kcs ncgakacs Xgatm, F`ffs y I`rflb nul
r`b nakgcfcs, y lk cbãkasas h`rrlsp`bfalbtl nul rlckazcf` p`r
Drcuka` G`btckv`. K`s tçtuk`s fl kcs plkçhukcs s`b "_albs`
qul s`y y` - Flspkaliul Fanlrlbhack H`g` Mlhm` H`btlxtucr
(hcpçtuk` 1), "Cnabafcf" (hcpçtuk` 3?), y "\bc ncgakac cki`
ciatcfc" (hcpçtuk` 33). _crc t`fc abn`rgchaøb chlrhc fl
lstcs plkçhukcs, faraiarsl c kc _makcflkpmac Hmakf Iuafcbhl
Hkabah, 39?? Dcabdrafil Xtrllt, _makcflkpmac, _lbbsykvcbac
3136>.

38

 _T@K@I@
 _T@K@I @ _CTC
_CTC KC
 LFAHA
 LF AHAØB
ØB LX_
LX_CÓ@K
CÓ@KCC

Lb kc úktagc fáhcfc, lb k`s Lstcf`s \baf`s, kc tlrcpac nc


gakacr mc fljcf` fl slr ub pr`hls` lxplraglbtck, uscf` lb
kuicrls lsplhackazcf`s, y sl mc h`bvlrtaf` lb ubc fl kcs g`fc
kafcfls tlrcpáutahcs qul sl prchtahc lb k`s hlbtr`s fl sckuf
glbtck.
Lb hlbtr`s f`bfl kc `ralbtchaøb ls prlf`gabcbtlglbtl
abfavafuck y psah`fabãgahc kc tlrcpac ncgakacr sl mc abh`rp`
rcf` úbahcglbtl h`g` ubc bulvc táhbahc sab g`fanahcr .k`s
h`bhlpt`s tl`rátah`s trcfaha`bckls. _lr` flbrt` flk hcgp` fl
kc tlrcpac ncgakacr sl mc flscrr`kkcf` ubc fanlrlbhachaøb lb k`s
h`bhlpt`s tl`rátah`s trcfaha`bckls. _lr` flbtr` flk hcgp` fl
pr`hls`s fl suplrvasaøb y lbslócbzc. C vlhls tl`rçc, táhbahc y
lbtrlbcgalbt` sl h`bnubflb y cikutabcb lb kc naiurc hcrasgã-
tahc fl ub gclstr`.
Flsfl ub pubt` fl vastc ilblrck sl p`frçc flhar qul mcy
trls h`rralbtls lb kc tlrcpac ncgakacr lb k`s Lstcf`s \baf`s.
\bc qul kkcgcrá kc h`rralbtl trcbsaha`bck qul trctc fl cgck
icgcr h`bhlpt`s
trcfaha`bckls bulv`s
y qul lb lkfltrctcgalbt`
sastlgcs h`b h`bhlpt`s
talbl fabãgah`s
h`g` `djltav` kc
rllstruhturchaøb psah`køiahc flk pchalbtl, y p`bl ábncsas lb
kc lxpk`rchaøb flk pcscf`, lb lk h`btlbaf` fl kc h`gubahc
haøb y lb abtlrprltchaøb  y  trcbsnlrlbhac h`g` abstruglbt` fl
hcgda`. Kc sliubfc ls kc h`rralbtl lxastlbhac! qul talbl h`g`
`djltav` lk hrlhagalbt` y lxpcbsaøb fl kc plrs`bc y lb lk
trctcgalbt` p`bl ábncsas
ábncsas lb kc lxplralbhac lb lk prlslbtl lbtrl

3/<
 

lk tlrcplutc y k`s galgdr`s fl kc ncgakac, h`g` abstruglbt` scrr`kkcf` ubc táhbahc tlrcpáutahc kkcgcfc "lshukturc fl ncga
fl hcgda` pcrc cgd`s. Kc tlrhlrc h`rralbtl talbl h`g` `djl kac" lb kc huck k`s galgdr`s flk irup` ncgakacr trcbsn`rgcb sus
tav` lk hcgda` flk sastlgc ncgakacr h`g` h`btlxt` s`hack y psa lg`ha`bls y plrhlpha`bls fl kc ncgakac lb ub hucfr` vav` lb
h`køiah` fl k`s galgdr`s fl kc ncgakac, y lb kc tlrcpac lk qul t`f`s lxprlscb lb p`saha`bls lstãtahcs ` g`vagalbt`s h`r
ábncsas lstã lb kc trcbsn`rgchaøb fl k`s pr`hls`s abtlrplrs`bckls p`rckls ubc gltãn`rc lb trls faglbsa`bls fl kc vasaøb ncgakacr.
lb fasnubhaøb. Lstc táhbahc sl mc abh`rp`rcf` ck lbtrlbcgalbt` fl tlrcplutcs
Flshradará f`s irup`s lb hcfc h`rralbtl sagpklglbtl pcrc ncgakacrls lsplhackglbtl lb lk Abstatut` fl Vlrcpac Ncgakacr fl
fcr ck klht`r fl mcdkc maspcbc ubc vasaøb pcb`rãgahc, plr` ls D`st`b h`b Nrlf y D`by Fumk y lb lk Bche Ib h`b _liiy _cp.
hkcr` qul ástc ls ubc kastc guy pcrhack y lb ckiub`s csplht`s Lb ckiub`s hlbtr`s lstc táhbahc mc t`gcf` kc faglbsaøb lxc
b` ls kc gãs rlprlslbtctavc. ilrcfc fl lshulkc.
Flbtr` flk praglr irup` lstã lk Abstatut` fl Bctãb Chelr- @trc plrs`bc fl lstl irup` ls Hcra Ymatcelr, _r`nls`r fl
gcb lb Bulvc Q`re faraiaf` cm`rc p`r F`bckf Dk`hm qul ls kc \bavlrsafcf fl Yash`bsab, qul `hupc ubc p`sahaøb agp`r
tcgdaáb lk Lfat`r fl kc rlvastc "Ncgaky _r`hlss". Lstl irup` tcbtl h`g` lk Vlrcpastc fl k`s tlrcplutcs fl ncgakac. Mcdalbf`
huycs rcahls tl`rátahcs sl lbhulbtrcb lb k`s kadr`s fl Chelrgcb, trcdcjcf` guhm`s có`s h`b pchalbtls lsquaz`nrábah`s lb h`kcd`
ls nubfcglbtck
nubfcglbtckglbtl
glbtl lhkáht
lhkáhtah`.
ah`. Dk`hm mc lkcd`rcf` y lxpcbfa rchaøb h`b Gck`bl y Yarelbtab, lk Fr. Ymatcelr abh`rp`rø lb
f` h`bhlpt`s lshlbhackglbtl fabãgah`s h`g` kc aflc flk "li` sus táhbahcs fl trctcgalbt` kadlrtcf pcrc utakazcr t`s lstcf`s

p`rtcdkl''
fl pcrc lxpkahcr
kcs vasahatufls fl kc kcncgakac
h`btabuafcf flk abfavafu`
y mc abh`rp`rcf` lb ckc trcvás
lbsl lg`ha`bckls
pcrc ctchcr kcl raiaflz
abhkus` flk`skcspr`hls`s
flnlbscsarrcha`bckls flk tlrcplutc
fl k`s galgdr`s ncga
ócbzc lb su hlbtr` h`bhlpt`s lxastlbhackls y kcs táhbahcs fl kacrls.
lshukturc, flscrr`kkcf`s p`r ^. Xctar. Lk irup` fl sastlgc talbl lbtrl sus galgdr`s ck Flhcb`
@tr` galgdr` fl lstc h`rralbtl, A. D`szcrglbya Bciy, pr` fl k`s tlrcplutcs ncgakacrls, Gurrcy D`wlb fl kc Il`ril
nls`r lb kc \bavlrsafcf fl Mcmblgcbb lb Nakcflknac, mc fl Ycsmabit`b \bavlrsaty. D`wlb ls ub` fl k`s abb`vcf`rls lb
scrr`kkcf` ubc tl`rçc átahc fl kc ncgakac h`b rcahls Dudlracbcs. lk tlrrlb` fl kc tlrcpac ncgakacr. Mchl gãs fl 3? có`s D`wlb
Bciy lb su kadr` "Abvasadkl K`ycktals" pr`p`bl ub sastlgc m`spatckazcdc lb lk Abstatut` Bcha`bck fl Maialbl Glbtck
átah` fl `dkaicha`bls ncgakacrls qul sl flscrr`kkc c trcvás (B.A.G.M.), ncgakacs h`gpkltcs fl pchalbtls lsquaz`nrábah`s pc
fl kcs ilblrcha`bls. Lk suialrl qul lk trctcgalbt` ncgakacr ab rc lstufacr kc ncgakac h`g` ncht`r lta`køiah`. Úktagcglbtl D`
hkuyc p`r k` glb`s trls ilblrcha`bls h`b lk `djltav` fl kadl wlb mc abh`rp`rcf` lb lk lbtrlbcgalbt` kc ncgakac fl `railb
rchaøb abfavafuck c trcvás flk "pci`" fl kcs `dkaicha`bls abtlr flk lstufacbtl c tlrcplutc. Lk rlqualrl qul sus lstufacbtls
ncgakacrls. vulkvcb c sus ncgakacs fl `railb, lxpk`rlb lk pcscf` ncgakacr
Flbtr` flk irup` lxastlbhack kc naiurc gãs h`b`hafc ls mcstc f`bfl mcyc trczcs mastørahcs, y qul trctlb fl pr`fuhar
^. Xctar. ^. Xctar n`rgø pcrtl flk irup` `raiabck fl _ck` Ckt` hcgda`s ncv`rcdkls lb kcs rlkcha`bls fl k`s galgdr`s fl su
 jubt`` h`b
 jubt h`b F. Jche
Jches`b,
s`b, J. Mckl
Mcklyy y F2 Ylcek
Ylcekcbf
cbf y nul abn
abnkul
kulb
b ncgakac. Lstc táhbahc sl mc fanubfaf` y ls utakazcfc lb `tr`s
hacfc lbt`bhls p`r h`bhlpt`s fl sastlgc y h`gubahchaøb5 s` hlbtr`s.
drl lsc dcsl lkkc abh`rp`rø h`bhlpt`s Hlstcktastcs (c kc Nratz Lb lstl irup` lstã kc _makcflkpmac Hmakf Iuafcbhl Hkabah
_lrks) y táhbahcs fl irup`s fl lbhulbtr`. ^. Xctar mc fl- qul y` faraia p`r 3? có`s, f`bfl trcdcjcb lbtrl `tr`s Jcy Mcakly
3> 39

y Drcuka` G`btckv`. Lstc ls ubc fl trls ` huctr` hkçbahcs abncb


takls lb k`s Lstcf`s \baf`s f`bfl t`f` lk trctcgalbt` ls "ncga A
kacr". Nul ubc fl kcs hkçbahcs qul abahacr`b slrvaha`s lsplhackazc
f`s pcrc baó`s lb k`s Lstcf`s \baf`s lb 314<. Lb 319< cfl VLTC_AC LXVT\HV\TCK
gãs fl fcr slrvaha`s lxtlrb`s c gãs fl 6.??? ncgakacs kc hkç  FL KC NCGAKAC
NCG AKAC
bahc abh`rp`rø c sus slrvaha`s 46 hcgcs pcrc trctcgalbt` h`rt`
(ub atckazchaøb
m`sp gãxag`
m`spatckazchaøbflpcrha
f`
f`ssck glsls)
pcrhack (fl 1:??yC
CGhcpchafcf
G mcstc kcs pcrc
8:?? _9?G)baó`s lbs
. Cgd`
Cgd`s
slrvaha`s utakazcb kc ncgakac y tlrcpac ncgakacr lb lk trctcgalbt`
flk baó`. Lk m`spatck talbl f`s flpcrtcglbt`s f`bfl sl m`s
patckazcb ncgakacs lbtlrcs p`r plrç`f`s h`rt`s pcrc lstufa` y
trctcgalbt`.
H`g` hlbtr` fl abvlstaichaøb mlg`s flscrr`kkcf` lb kc hkç
bahc bulv`s g`flk`s pcrc lstufacr kc abnkulbhac fl kc ncgakac lb
lk gcbtlbagalbt` fl sçbt`gcs psah`s`gãtah`s lb lk baó`. T`dlrt Xgatm su lsp`sc, su maj` fl f`hl có`
có`ss y su sulir`
H`g` hlbtr` fl lbslócbzc mlg`s lbtrlbcf` tlrcplutcs b` sl lbhulbtrcb slbtcf`s jubt` c gç lb su praglrc h`bsuktc h`b
pr`nlsa`bckls, trctcbf` fl vlr lb quá glfafc sl pulflb chtuc ub tlrcplutc fl ncgakac. Lk sló`r Xgatm ls lk pchalbtl aflb
kazcr kcs lxplralbhacs y huckafcfls bcturckls flk "mlcklr" qul tanahcf`. Lb lk trcbshurs` fl k`s úktag`s
úktag`s saltl có`s mc saf`
b` talbl lfuhchaøb chcfágahc y tlblg`s ub irup` fl gcls m`spatckazcf` lb f`s `hcsa`bls p`r ubc flprlsaøb ch`gpcócfc
tr`s b`-pr`nlsa`bckls qul lbslócb tlrcpac ncgakacr. h`b ciatchaøb y rlhalbtlglbtl mc s`kahatcf` ubc bulvc m`spa
Vrctcbf` fl flscrr`kkcr g`flk`s lh`bøgah`s fl lbslócbzc tckazchaøb.
ncgakacr mlg`s lstcdklhaf` ub irup` fl gclstr`s qul vacjcb
c favlrscs abstatuha`bls lb lk lstcf` fl _lbsykvcbac5 lb lsl  Gab uhmab:  °Huãk ls lk pr`dklgc0... °Lbt`bhls, quaáb fl
 Gabuhmab:
pr`ircgc lb k`s úktag`s < có`s mlg`s agpkcbtcf` gãs fl 6? slc h`glbzcr0
abstatuha`bls y lbtrlbcf` gãs fl 8<? tlrcplutcs fl ncgakac.  Lk sló`r Xgatm:  Hrl` qul ls ga pr`dklgc. X`y lk qul tlb
Lb suplrvasaøb Drcuka` G`btckv` y Jcy Mcakly mcb lstcdklhaf` i` lk pr`dklgc ...
rlikcs fl "suplrvasaøb lb vav`" f`bfl lk suplrvas`r `dslrvc kc  Gab uhmab:: B` lstá tcb sliur`. B` mcy qul lstcr tcb sliur`.
 Gabuhmab
slsaøb c trcvás flk lsplj` ubafarlhha`bck y mchl suilrlbhacs ck Xgatm:  Dulb`, s`y lk qul lstuv` lb lk m`spatck y
 Lk sló`r Xgatm:
tlrcplutc c trcvás flk tlkán`b` ` lb h`bsuktc abglfactc qul t`f` ls`.
lk suplrvas`r ` lk tlrcplutc pulflb abahacr furcbtl kc slsaøb.  Gab uhmab::  Cjc, plr` fl t`fcs gcblrcs ls` b` gl h`bvlbhl
 Gabuhmab
K`s h`bhlpt`s qul flscrr`kká lb lk kadr` s`b lk pr`fuht` fl fl qul lk pr`dklgc slc suy`. Lstã dalb, pr`saic. °Huãk ls
gas 3? có`s h`g` farlht`r fl kc _makcflkpmac Hmakf Iuafcbhl su pr`dklgc0
Hkabah. Xló`r  Xgatm:  Lst`y blrva`sc, abqualt` t`f` lk talgp`...
4? fl juba` fl 319<. bubhc pulf` rlkcjcrgl. Gl klvcbt` tlbs`, y kls plfç qul gl
X. Gabuhmab. m`spatckazcslb ...

3= 31
 

 Gabuhmab:: °Hrll qul ustlf ls lk pr`dklgc0


 Gabuhmab
Xló`r Xgatm:  @m, palbs` cki` fl ls`. B` sá sa ckiualb k`
C kc b`hml h`bsuktø su rugd` pcrc fltlrgabcr su kctatuf y
h`gpr`dø h`b ircb s`rprlsc qul lstcdc guhm` gãs ck sur
pr`v`hc, plr` s`y y` lk qul talbl lk pr`dklgc.
qul c kc gcócbc. Furcbtl t`f` lk fçc mcdçc lstcf` lgplócf`
 Gabuhmab
 Gab :...  saicg`s su kçblc fl plbscgalbt`. Xa lstuvalsl
uhmab:... lb faraiarsl mchac lk b`rtl s`drl ub abglbs` ahldlri `ralbtcf`
hcbscf` p`r cki` ` ckiualb lxtlra`r c ustlf, °huãk farçc qul mchac lk sur p`r ubc h`rralbtl `hlãbahc" . K`s slrls mugcb`s
3

ls su pr`dklgc0 sl lbhulbtrcb lb ubc satuchaøb sagakcr c kc flk h`gcbfcbtl


Xló`r Xgatm: Xcdl, gl slbtarçc guy s`rprlbfaf`. _lcry s`drl lk ahldlri. Kc lxplralbhac flk m`gdrl ls fltlr
 Gab uhmab::  _lbslg`s lb kc ncgakac. °Suaáb k` plrturdc0
 Gabuhmab gabcfc p`r su abtlrchhaøb h`b lk glfa`.
Xló`r Xgatm:  B` hrl` qul bcfal fl kc ncgakac k` mcic. Flhar qul lk m`gdrl ls abnkuaf` p`r lk h`btlxt` s`hack, s`
 Gab uhmab::  Fájlgl prliubtcrkl c su lsp`sc. °Fl chulrf`0
 Gabuhmab drl lk huck tcgdaáb abnkuyl, pulfl pcrlhlr `dva`. Lk h`bhlpt`,
sab fufc, b` ls bulv`5 yc M`glr` k` h`b`hçc. _lr` lk mlhm`
Kc h`bsuktc qul sl abahaø h`b lstl faãk`i` nul lk h`galbz`
fl dcscr kcs táhbahcs fl sckuf glbtck lb lstl h`bhlpt`, h`bs
fl ub bulv` lbn`qul flk pr`dklgc flk sló`r Xgatm. Lb kuicr
tatuyl ub bulv` lbn`qul.
fl hlbtrcrsl lb lk abfavafu`, lk tlrcplutc sl hlbtrø lb kc plr
s`bc lb lk gcrh` fl su ncgakac. Kc cnargchaøb flk tlrcplutc: Kcs táhbahcs trcfaha`bckls fl sckuf glbtck sl `raiabcr`b lb
"B` lstá tcb sliur`", hulsta`bø kc h`bvahhaøb fl qul søk` lk ubc ncshabchaøb pr`fuhafc p`r kc fabc/bahc flk abfavafu`. Lstc
prl`hupchaøb f`gabø lk hcgp` y h`bfuj` c k`s tlrcplutcs c
sló`r Xgatm lrc lk pr`dklgc ` k` tlbçc ‖ubc h`bvahhaøb h`g
pcrtafc p`r lk sló`r Xgatm, su ncgakac y k`s favlrs`s pr`nlsa` h`bhlbtrcrsl
h`bslhulbhac lb kc lxpk`rchaøb
ablvatcdkl, fl kc vafc
kcs táhbahcs fl abtrcpsçquahc. H`g`
trctcgalbt` dcscfcs
bckls fl sckuf glbtck h`b k`s qul mcdçc tlbaf` h`btcht`. lb lstc h`bhlphaøb sl h`bhlbtrcr`b lxhkusavcglbtl lb lk ab
Lk gcrh` fl rlnlrlbhac flk tlrcplutc ls kc tlrcpac lstruhturck favafu`, caskcf` fl su glfa`. Lbtrl lk abfavafu` y su h`btlxt`
fl ncgakac, ub hulrp` fl tl`rçc y táhbahcs qul lstufacb ck ab s`hack sl lraiaø ubc "nr`btlrc" crtanahack. Lb tl`rçc, sl rlh`b`haø
favafu` lb su h`btlxt` s`hack. Kc tlrcpac dcscfc lb lstl gcrh` qul lstc nr`btlrc lrc crtanahack, plr` lb kc prãhtahc nul gcb
fl rlnlrlbhac abtlbtc g`fanahcr kc `ricbazchaøb fl kc ncgakac. tlbafc p`r lk pr`hls` fl tlrcpac. Ck slr trctcf` lb n`rgc cas
Hucbf` sl trcbsn`rgc kc lstruhturc flk irup` ncgakacr, sl g` kcfc, lrc ablvatcdkl qul k`s fct`s lbh`btrcf`s nulslb rlstrab
fanahcb h`bslhulbtlglbtl kcs p`saha`bls fl k`s galgdr`s lb iaf`s c kc n`rgc lb qul ák plbscdc y slbtçc søk` chlrhc fl k`
lsl irup`. H`g` rlsuktcf` fl lkk`, sl g`fanahcb kcs lxplralb qul kl `hurrçc5 lsl gctlrack hlbtrcf` lb lk abfavafu`, c su vlz,
hacs fl hcfc abfavafu`. rln`rzcdc lk lbn`qul flk abfavafu` lb n`rgc caskcfc fl su
Kc tl`rçc fl kc tlrcpac fl ncgakacs sl dcsc lb lk mlhm` fl h`btlxt` y fljcdc lshcs` gcrilb pcrc ub nllfdche h`rrlkctav`.
qul lk m`gdrl b` ls ub slr caskcf`, sab` ub galgdr` chtav` _`r sç s`kc, kc cdubfcbhac fl k`s fct`s fasp`badkls flscklbtcdc
y rlchtav` fl irup`s s`hackls. K` qul lxplraglbtc h`g` rlck `tr`s lbn`quls. H`g` h`bslhulbhac fl lkk`, sl kkliø c h`b
flplbfl fl lklglbt`s tcbt` abtlrb`s h`g` lxtlrb`s. @rtlic y hldar ck abfavafu` h`g` lk csalbt` fl kc pct`k`içc.
Hcsslt lxpkahc kc pcrcføjahc fuckafcf fl kc plrhlphaøb mugcbc
fl kc rlckafcf glfacbtl ubc pcrãd`kc: "_lcry rlkctc qul lb \b tlrcplutc `ralbtcf` mchac kc tlrcpac abfavafuck talbfl cúb
su vacjl ck p`k` sl trcskcfø furcbtl ub fçc lbtlr` mchac lk c h`bsaflrcr ck abfavafu` h`g` lk csalbt` fl kc pct`k`içc y c
rlubar s`kcglbtl k`s fct`s qul pulflb `dtlblrsl flk ` chlrhc
b`rtl, mchalbf` qul k`s plrr`s flk trabl` h`rralslb cprasc.
flk abfavafu`. _`r ljlgpk`, ls p`sadkl qul sl farajc ub baó`
4?
43

c tlrcpac p`rqul ls tçgaf` y talbl lbsuló`s faurb`s lb hkcsl. naiurcs f` kc ncgakac. K`s galgdr`s fl kc ncgakac sl lbhulb
Ls ub s`katcra`, h`b fanahuktcfls pcrc rlkcha`bcrsl h`b sus h`g trcb prlslbtls, gulstrcb su h`bfuhtc lb rlkchaøb h`b lk baó`
pcólr`s. \b tlrcplutc qul trcdcjc lb slsa`bls abfavafuckls lx qul, csç, pulfl s`r flshraptc `plrcha`bckglbtl. Lk n`h` gãs
pk`rcrçc k`s plbscgalbt`s y slbtagalbt`s flk baó` chlrhc fl su cgpka` y kc gcy`r nklxadakafcf flk tlrcplutc cuglbtcb kcs
vafc prlslbtl y fl kcs plrs`bcs fl su glfa`, k`s flscrr`kk`s p`sadakafcfls fl abtlrvlbhaøb tlrcpáutahc. Lk tlrcplutc b` sl
mastørah`s fl lstl h`bnkaht` h`b sus pcfrls y mlrgcb`s, y kc kagatc c kc abtlrchhaøb fl kc ncgakac tck h`g` mc saf` abtlr
abtrusaøb h`gpuksavc fl lstl h`bnkaht` lb satucha`bls lxtrc- bckazcfc p`r lk baó`, sab` qul pulfl lxplraglbtcr p`r sç gasg`
ncgakacrls cpcrlbtlglbtl b` rlkcha`bcfcs h`b ák. Lstcdklhlrçc kc n`rgc lb qul k`s galgdr`s fl kc ncgakac sl s`stalblb y
h`btcht` h`b kc ncgakac y kc lshulkc, plr` pcrc h`gprlbflr ck hckanahcb gutucglbtl. Flscrr`kkc lbt`bhls ubc tl`rçc abtlrch-
baó` y su rlkchaøb h`b su ncgakac sl dcscrçc nubfcglbtckglbtl ha`bck pcrc lxpkahcr lk nlbøglb` qul `dslrvc. Vcgdaáb pulfl
lb lk h`btlbaf` fl kc h`gubahchaøb flk baó` y lb k`s nlbøglb`s p`blrsl lb h`btcht` h`b kc lshulkc flk baó`, pulst` qul lk
trcbsnlrlbhackls. Xl h`bsaflrc, flbtr` fl lstc h`bhlphaøb, qul pr`dklgc prlslbtcf` sl rlkcha`bc h`b lk rlbfagalbt` lsh`kcr,
ubc g`fanahchaøb abtlrbc h`ibatavc-cnlhtavc h`bstatuyl lk pcs` y kcs tl`rçcs y táhbahcs fl kc tlrcpac fl ncgakacs h`bfuhlb guy
blhlscra` pcrc nchakatcr kc suplrchaøb flk pr`dklgc pkcbtlcf`. pr`bt` c trcdcjcr h`b lk abfavafu` lb h`btlxt`s fanlrlbtls flk
_`flg`s h`gpcrcr ck tlrcplutc qul trcdcjc h`b lstl gcrh` fl kc ncgakac.
fl rlnlrlbhac, h`b ub táhbah` qul utakazc ub vafra` fl cuglbt`. Fl lsl g`f`, lk tlrcplutc fl ncgakac b` dcsc sus h`bhlp
K`s fltckkls flk hcgp` s`b hkcr`s, plr` lk hcgp` lstã sugc ha`bls lb ubc plrs`bckafcf "lslbhack" qul plrgcblhlrçc ab-
glbtl rlfuhaf`. Ck tlrcplutc qul trcdcjc h`b lk gcrh` fl g`fanahcfc c trcvás fl kcs vahasatufls fl fanlrlbtls h`btlxt`s
rlnlrlbhac fl kc tlrcpac lstruhturck fl ncgakac k` p`flg`s h`g y harhubstcbhacs. H`bsaflrc ck baó` h`g` ub galgdr` fl fanl
pcrcr h`b ub táhbah` h`b klbtls ircfucdkls. _ulfl chlrhcrsl rlbtls h`btlxt`s s`hackls, chtucbf` y rlsp`bfalbf` lb su gcrh`.
hucbf` flslc lstufacr lk hcgp` abtrcpsçquah`, plr` tcgdaáb Xu h`bhlphaøb chlrhc fl kc k`hckazchaøb fl kc pct`k`içc ls
pulfl `dslrvcr h`b ub n`h` gãs cgpka`. guhm`` gãs
guhm gãs cgpkac y tcgdaáb k` s`b, h`bslhulbtlglbtl, kcs
Xa lk gasg` baó` nulsl lbvacf` c ub tlrcplutc ncgakacr, lk p`sadakafcfls fl abtlrvlbhaøb.
tlrcplutc lxpk`rcrçc sus abtlrchha`bls h`b k`s h`btlxt`s ag
p`rtcbtls fl su vafc. Lb kcs lbtrlvastcs h`b kc ncgakac, lk tl
rcplutc `dslrvcrçc kc rlkchaøb flk baó` h`b su gcfrl, h`b LK M@GDTL LB X\ H@BVL]V@

su glzhkc
hucbf` lk fl ubaøb
baó` y m`stakafcf.
mcdkc lb prlslbhacLs fl
p`sadkl
sus qul `dslrvl
pcfrls, rcrc qul
vlz Kc tlrcpac lstruhturck fl ncgakac, qul lstufac ck m`gdrl
sl farail c su pcfrl, ` qul, hucbf` k` mchl, talbfl c mchlrk` lb su h`btlxt` s`hack, nul flscrr`kkcfc lb kc sliubfc gatcf
c trcvás fl su gcfrl, qualb trcfuhl y lxpkahc c su maj` cbtl flk saik` vlabtl. Xl trctc fl ubc fl kcs gúktapkls rlspulstcs
su gcraf`. _ulfl `dslrvcr tcgdaáb qul k`s `tr`s mlrgcb`s ck h`bhlpt` fl m`gdrl h`g` pcrtl fl su glfa`, qul h`glb
pcrlhlb gãs lsp`btãbl`s, abtlrrugplb c k`s pcfrls y mcdkcb zø c fanubfarsl c h`galbz`s fl lstl saik`. Lk plbscgalbt`
tcbt` ck pcfrl h`g` c kc gcfrl. Fl lsl g`f`, lk tlrcplutc psah`fabãgah` abfavafuck sl lkcd`rø c pcrtar fl ubc h`bhlp
b` talbl qul flplbflr f` kcs flshrapha`bls flk baó` chlrhc fl haøb fanlrlbtl, kc flk m`gdrl h`g` már`l, qul saiul salbf`
su pcfrl, gcfrl y mlrgcb`s pcrc p`stukcr kc abtr`ylhhaøb fl kcs lk gasg` p`s` c kcs harhubstcbhacs. Lb lk   _crcçs` plrfaf`   cpc-

44 48
 

rlhl ub ljlgpk` fl lstc aflc. Hucbf` Xctcbãs ls flrr`tcf` lb lk ãrd`k p`r k`s mchmcz`s cbtlra`rls. Lstl pr`hls` cut`h`-
lb su rldlkaøb h`btrc Fa`s y crr`jcf` ck abnalrb`, flscnçc c rrlhtav` ls pr`fuhaf` p`r ub sastlgc t`tck, ãrd`k-`j`s-hlrldr`-
sus harhubstcbhacs: gúshuk`s-mchmc-i`kpl-ãrd`k, y ls lstl sastlgc t`tck lk qul
Vml gabf as ats `wb pkchl, cbf `n atslkn talbl kcs hcrchtlrçstahcs fl kc... glbtl" . Kc cbtaiuc aflc flk
6

Hcb gcel c Mlcv'b `n Mlkk, c Mlkk `n Mlcv'b  • 3 abfavafu` qul chtúc s`drl su glfa` sl mc h`bvlrtaf` lb lstl
hcs` lb ubc h`bhlphaøb flk abfavafu` lb abtlrchhaøb h`b su
glfa`. _crcnrcslcbf` c @rtlic, ub m`gdrl b` ls ák gasg`
Lstc plrhlphaøb flk abfavafu` puf` plrfurcr lb ub gubf` sab sus harhubstcbhacs.
lb lk qul k`s rlhurs`s flk m`gdrl pcrlhçcb abnabat`s. Kc tlh
Kc gltãn`rc fl Dctls`b fl kc glbtl y kc agcilb p`átahc
b`k`içc g`flrbc g`fanahø lstc h`bhlphaøb. Kc talrrc yc b`
fl @rtlic chlrhc flk m`gdrl y sus harhubstcbhacs s`b h`rr`
cpcrlhl h`g` ub tlrrat`ra` sab kçgatls, qul lsplrc c su prltlb
d`rcfcs p`r lxplraglbt`s qul flg`strcr`b qul lk h`btlxt`
falbtl, sab` h`g` ubc h`sg`bcvl huy`s rlhurs`s fasgabuylb. abnkuyl farlhtcglbtl s`drl lk pr`hls` abtlrb` fl kc glbtl.
Lst`s h`bhlpt`s sl rlnkljcb lb kcs plrhlpha`bls flk m`gdrl _`r ljlgpk`, lk blurøk`i` J`sá Flkicf`, qul rlckazø lxpl-
chlrhc fl sç gasg` y fl su n`rgc fl slr. ralbhacs agpkcbtcbf` lklhtr`f`s lb k`s hlrldr`s fl cbagckls,
Qc lb 3136 @rtlic y Hcsslt lshradçc: "Q` s`y y` y ga har flg`strø lb n`rgc h`bhkuylbtl qul galbtrcs ub cbagck rls
hubstcbhac, y sa b` kc sckv` c lkkc b` gl sckv` y`" y "lstl p`bfl ck lnlht` flslbhcflbcbtl fl kc lstagukchaøb lkáhtrahc,
slht`r fl kc rlckafcf harhubstcbtl n`rgc kc `trc gatcf fl ga
plrs`bc: søk` c trcvás fl ák pulf` abtlircrgl y slr pklbc kc h`bfuhtc
lshradar csçflg`tavcfc
chlrhc ls `ricbazcfc
sus lxplraglbt`s p`r sufaj`:
h`b g`b`s, h`btlxt`. Ck
"Xl scdl
glbtl y` gasg`. Kc halbhac da`køiahc gãs rlhalbtl lstufac plrnlhtcglbtl qul kcs h`k`bacs fl g`b`s h`bstatuylb s`halfc
lk `ricbasg` vav` h`g` ubc ubafcf h`gpulstc flk hulrp` y fls cut`hrãtahcs lb kcs qul ub cbagck sl udahc h`g` jlnl
su glfa` pcrtahukcr: fl g`f` qul lk pr`hls` vatck b` h`bsastl flk irup`, qul rlqualrl ubc ircb pcrtl flk tlrrat`ra`, sl cka
søk` lb ubc cfcptchaøb flk hulrp` c su glfa`, sab` tcgdaáb glbtc lb praglr kuicr y ls lvatcf` p`r k`s `tr`s, qualbls...
lb kc cfcptchaøb flk glfa` c su hulrp`. Kc gcb` pr`hurc lxprlscb su sugasaøb... Mlg`s `dslrvcf` lb favlrscs h`k`
cg`kfcrsl ck `djlt` gctlrack, c nab fl cprlscrk` dalb: plr` c bacs qul kc lstagukchaøb lkáhtrahc flk g`b` jlnl abhrlglbtcdc
kc vlz, hcfc `djlt` gctlrack `huktc ubc prlvac cnabafcf h`b su cirlsaøb l abfuhçc c ctcquls dalb faraiaf`s h`btrc `tr`s
ubc gcb` fltlrgabcfc" . }
galgdr`s flk irup`, c k`s qul lhmcdc y `hcsa`bckglbtl g`r
Lxastl ub b`tcdkl pcrcklk` lbtrl lstc `dslrvchaøb p`átahc fçc... Lrc lvaflbtl qul lstc m`stakafcf sl `ralbtcdc lb n`r
rlckazcfc c h`galbz`s fl saik` y kc lxpkahchaøb gãs g`flrbc, gc køiahc... pulst` qul mcdatuckglbtl ctchcdc c `tr` gc
lxprlscfc lb klbiucjl hadlrbátah`, h`b kc qul Irli`ry Dc- hm` qul flscnacdc su cut`rafcf y bubhc ctchcdc c kc mlgdrc
tls`b cbukø k`s kçgatls lbtrl lk lspcha` abtlra`r y lxtlra`r pcrc plqulóc qul lrc su h`gpcólrc ncv`ratc" . Lb `trcs pckcdrcs,
8

lkcd`rcr su pr`pac gltãn`rc fl kc glbtl: "_albslb lb ub m`g kc lstagukchaøb abtlrbc, lkáhtrahc, fl kc h`bfuhtc lrc g`fa
drl qul tckc ub ãrd`k h`b ub mchmc. Hcfc mchmcz` ls g` nahcfc, lb t`f`s k`s hcs`s, p`r lk h`btlxt`. Kc lstagukchaøb
fanahcf` ` h`rrliaf` fl chulrf` h`b kc n`rgc flk h`rtl fljcf` lkáhtrahc p`fçc, sushatcr cirlsaøb, plr` kc lxprlsaøb fl ástc
sl rlkcha`bcdc h`b lk irup` s`hack.
* (K c glbtl ls su pr`p
pr`pa`a` kuicr, y fl sç ‖p
‖pul
ulfl
fl mchlr ub halk` flk ab Lk abtlrás fl Flkicf` lb kc rlkchaøb lbtrl kc lstagukchaøb
nalrb`, ub abnalrb` flk halk`.)

46 4<

lkáhtrahc flk hlrldr` y lk h`btlxt` s`hack flk cbagck lstagu kcs nulbtls lxtrchlrldrckls fl bulstrcs glbtls" . Kc h`bhlp
9

kcf` k` h`bfuj` c rlckazcr lxplralbhacs g`fanahcbf` lk h`b haøb fl Flkicf` fl kc glbtl hlrldrck y lxtrchlrldrck pulfl
tlxt` s`hack flk cbagck. Lk rcbi` s`hack fl ubc g`bc nul g` slr h`gpcrcfc lb n`rgc farlhtc h`b kcs aflcs fl Dctls`b y
fanahcf` c trcvás flk hcgda` fl kc h`gp`sahaøb flk irup`. @rtlic*. \bc glbtl mugcbc sl flscrr`kkc c glfafc qul lk
Lb lk praglr irup` `hupcdc lk kuicr gãs dcj` lbtrl huctr`, hlrldr` pr`hlsc y ckgchlbc k`s gúktapkls p`tlbhackls lstagu
lb lk sliubf` `hupcdc lk tlrhlr kuicr, y lb lk tlrhlr` nul kcf`s tcbt` abtlrbc h`g` lxtlrbcglbtl. Kc abn`rgchaøb, chta
udahcfc lb lk sliubf`. Lb kcs trls h`k`bacs, kc lstagukchaøb tufls y n`rgcs fl plrhadar s`b csagakcfcs y ckgchlbcfcs, y sl
lkáhtrahc abfuj` c kc g`bc c h`rrlr c k` kcri` fl su jcukc, h`bvalrtlb csç lb ubc pcrtl fl kc n`rgc fl chlrhcgalbt` fl
c trlpcr, i`kplcr, v`hckazcr y ctchcr c `tr`s cbagckls. Lb lk kc plrs`bc ck h`btlxt` mcdatuck h`b lk qul abtlrchtúc.
praglr irup`, søk` abtlbtø ctchcr c `tr` g`b` lb ubc `p`r Kc ncgakac h`bstatuyl ub ncht`r sugcglbtl saibanahctav` lb
tubafcf. Lb lk sliubf` irup` sl v`kvaø gãs cirlsavc, ctchcbf` lstl pr`hls`. Ls ub irup` s`hack bcturck, qul fltlrgabc kcs
vlabtahuctr` vlhls. Lb lk irup` trls, kc g`bc lstagukcfc ctchø rlspulstcs fl sus galgdr`s c trcvás fl lstçguk`s flsfl lk
c `tr`s g`b`s sltlbtc y saltl vlhls. Flkicf` kkliø c kc saiualbtl abtlra`r y flsfl lk lxtlra`r. Xu `ricbazchaøb y lstruhturc tcga
h`bhkusaøb: "kc cirlsaøb faraiafc h`btrc abfavafu`s fl kc gas zcb y hckanahcb kc lxplralbhac fl k`s galgdr`s fl kc ncgakac.
gc lsplhal nul pr`v`hcfc... p`r kc lstagukchaøb lkáhtrahc fl Lb guhm`s hcs`s, sl kc pulfl h`bsaflrcr h`g` kc pcrtl lx
favlrscs lstruhturcs hlrldrckls, y su lxprlsaøb flplbfçc fl trchlrldrck fl kc glbtl.
kc `ricbazchaøb s`hack... ub cht` cirlsav` pr`v`hcf` crtana Kc abnkulbhac fl kc ncgakac s`drl sus galgdr`s   nulr  flg`s
 flg`s
hackglbtl pulfl faraiarsl h`btrc ub galgdr` lsplhçnah` flk trcfc lxplraglbtckglbtl p`r ubc abvlstaichaøb fl kcs lbnlr
irup` ` pulfl supragarsl p`r h`gpklt`, fl chulrf` h`b lk glfcfls psah`s`gãtahcs fl kc abncbhac qul h`bfujl h`b Klstlr
rcbi` s`hack flk sujlt` lstagukcf`" . >
Dcelr y bulstr` lquap`. Kcs h`gpr`dcha`bls rlckazcfcs lb
Flkicf` h`gpr`dø tcgdaáb qul sa ub g`b` fl dcjc jlrcr kc abvlstaichaøb pr`p`rha`bcr`b nubfcglbt`s lxplraglbtckls
quçc ls lstagukcf` flbtr` fl kc jcukc, ls p`sadkl qul b` guls pcrc lk búhkl` dãsah` fl kc tlrcpac fl ncgakac: b`s rlnlrag`s
trl lb cds`kut` ubc rlspulstc fl rcdac. Lstl flshudragalbt` ck mlhm` qul lk baó` rlsp`bfl c kcs tlbsa`bls qul cnlhtcb c kc
pulfl slr lxpkahcf` lb tárgab`s fl rlprlsaøb. _lr` tcgdaáb ncgakac. Flscrr`kkcg`s ub gát`f` fl glfahaøb fl kcs rls
ls p`sadkl lxpkahcr kc ncktc fl rlspulstc flk g`b` lb tárgab`s pulstcs nasa`køiahcs abfavafuckls c kcs tlbsa`bls fl kc ncgakac.
fl f`s p`tlbhackls fastabt`s, ub` fl k`s huckls ls gãs p` Lb lk trcbshurs` fl ubc lbtrlvastc h`b ubc ncgakac, h`bhldafc
flr`s`. Xa lk p`tlbhack flk h`btlxt` flk g`b` fl dcjc jlrcr h`b lstl `djltav`, sl t`gcb gulstrcs fl scbirl fl hcfc galg
quçc ls gcy`r qul kc lstagukchaøb flk hlrldr`, ls p`sadkl qul dr` fl kc ncgakac, pr`hlfalbf` fl tck g`f` qul kc `dtlbhaøb
b` salbtc rcdac. Xa sl cuglbtc kc lstagukchaøb, kc h`bfuhtc fl kcs gulstrcs b` abtlrnalrc h`b kcs abtlrchha`bls lb hurs`.
flk g`b` lb lstl h`btlxt` sl g`fanahc, ck aiuck qul sa sl g` _`stlra`rglbtl, sl cbckazc lk bavlk fl ãhaf`s ircs`s kadrls flk
fanahcb kcs harhubstcbhacs s`hackls. pkcsgc lb kcs gulstrcs. Lk ãhaf` ircs` kadrl   (nrll nctty chaf,
Flkicf` pr`nubfazc cúb gãs sus `dslrvcha`bls h`bsafl NN C ) h`bstatuyl ub abfahcf`r da`quçgah` flk flsplrtcr lg`
rcbf` tcgdaáb kc abnkulbhac fl kc lsnlrc s`hack s`drl lk m`g ha`bck, yc qul kc h`bhlbtrchaøb cuglbtc flbtr` fl k`s habh`
drl. "B` p`flg`s slr kadrls lb rlkchaøb h`b k`s pcfrls, c quabhl gabut`s p`stlra`rls c kc tlbsaøb lg`ha`bck. Kc h`g
gclstr`s y s`halfcf", lshradaø, "pulst` qul lkk`s h`bstatuylb pcrchaøb fl k`s bavlkls fl k`s  NNC  lb fanlrlbtls g`glbt`s

4> 49
 

fl kc lbtrlvastc lstruhturck plrgatl f`huglbtcr nasa`køiahc Lb lk trcbshurs` fl kc lbtrlvastc tlbfalbtl c glfar kc rls
glbtl kc rlspulstc flk abfavafu` ck strlss ncgakacr. pulstc fl kcs baócs ck strllss
pulstc strllss,, lbtrl kcs 1 y kcs 3? CG , k`s pcfrls
K`s rlsuktcf`s fl k`s N NC  fl kc ncgakac H`kkabs h`bstatuylb nulr`b s`gltaf`s c f`s satucha`bls fl strlss fanlrlbtls, galb
ub dulb ljlgpk` (Naiurc 3). Cgd`s baó`s lrcb facdátah`s. trcs kcs baócs k`s `dslrvcdcb c trcvás fl ub lsplj` fl vasaøb
Flfl, 39, lrc facdátahc flsfl mchçc trls có`s5 su mlrgcbc, ubafarlhha`bck. Cubqul kcs baócs b` p`fçcb pcrtahapcr lb kc
^a`klt, k` lrc flsfl kc abncbhac. K`s lstufa`s fl kc "kcdakafcf satuchaøb h`bnkahtavc, sus bavlkls fl k`s  N NC   cuglbtcr`b hucb
nasa`køiahc" fl k`s baó`s g`strcr`b qul b` lxastçcb fanlrlb f` prlslbhacr`b kc satuchaøb. Lk agpcht` chugukctav` flk strlss
hacs bltcs lbtrl sus rlspulstcs abfavafuckls ck strlss. Xab lg nasa`køiah` lb hurs` nul k` sunahalbtlglbtl agp`rtcbtl h`g`
dcri`, lstcs f`s baócs, h`b kc gasgc lbnlrglfcf gltcdøkahc, pcrc pr`fuhar hcgda`s nasa`køiah`s b`tcdkls cub lb baó`s b`
h`b ub lquapcgalbt` ilbátah` guy sagakcr, y qul vavçcb lb kc agpkahcf`s farlhtcglbtl. C kcs falz lb pubt`, kcs baócs nul
gasgc hcsc h`b k`s gasg`s pcfrls, prlslbtcdcb pr`dklgcs r`b h`bfuhafcs c kc mcdatchaøb h`b sus pcfrls. Lb lsl g`
hkçbah`s guy fanlrlbtls. Flfl lrc ubc "facdátahc suplr- glbt`, sl h`gpr`dø h`b ircb hkcrafcf qul flslgplócdcb
kãdak", ls flhar ubc facdátahc cnlhtcfc p`r pr`dklgcs pcplkls guy fastabt`s lb kc ncgakac. Flfl lstcdc ctrcpcfc
psah`s`gãtah`s. _rlslbtcdc ctcquls fl hlt`chaf`sas qul b` lbtrl sus pcfrls. Hcfc ub` fl lkk`s abtlbtcdc `dtlblr su cp`y`
rlsp`bfçcb c kc absukabc cfgabastrcfc lb su m`icr. Lb trls lb kc kuhmc h`btrc lk `tr`, fl tck g`f` qul Flfl b` p`fçc
có`s, mcdçc rliastrcf` trlabtc y trls abirls`s ck m`spatck pcrc rlsp`bflr c k`s rlqulragalbt`s fl ub` sab cpcrlhlr h`g`
t`gcbf` p`sahaøb h`btrc lk `tr`. Lk cp`y` fl ^a`klt b` lrc
ub trctcgalbt`
dklgcs fl lglrilbhac.
fl h`bfuhtc fl k`s qul^a`klt prlslbtcdc
sus pcfrls ckiub`s plr`
sl quljcdcb, pr` dushcf`: fl lsl g`f`, p`fçc rlsp`bflr ck h`bnkaht` fl sus
su facdltls sl lbh`btrcdc dcj` ub dulb h`btr`k gáfah`. pcfrls sab vlrsl hcpturcfc lb lk glfa`.
K`s lnlht`s fl lst`s f`s r`kls pulflb cprlhacrsl lb k`s
rlsuktcf`s fl k`s  NN C . Cgdcs baócs prlslbtcr`b cuglbt`s
saibanahctav`s lb lk trcbshurs` fl kc lbtrlvastc, lbtrl 1 y 3?,
y cuglbt`s cúb gcy`rls lbtrl 3? y 3?:8?, hucbf` lstuvalr`b
h`b sus pcfrls. Flspuás flk nabck fl kc lbtrlvastc c kcs 3?:8?,
sab lgdcri`, k`s  NN C  fl ^a`klt v`kvalr`b guy pr`bt` c su
bavlk mcdatuck. K`s fl Flfl plrgcblhalr`b lklvcf`s furcbtl
ubc m`rc y glfac gãs.
Lb lk hcs` fl k`s pcfrls, k`s bavlkls fl k`s N NC   cuglbtcr`b
 NNC
lbtrl kcs 1.<? y kcs 3?, k` qul slóckcdc ub strlss lb kcs
rlkcha`bls lbtrl k`s lsp`s`s. _lr` sus N NC  fasgabuylr`b fls-
puls flk abirls` fl kcs baócs y fl qul k`s pcfrls mudalslb
csugaf` sus nubha`bls pcrlbtckls. Lb lstc ncgakac, k`s h`b
nkaht`s lbtrl k`s pcfrls fasgabuçcb ` sl flsvacdcb hucbf`
' ' . a . . . . . . . a . . . . . . . a csugçcb nubha`bls pcrlbtckls. Kcs baócs nubha`bcdcb h`g`
= m. 1 m. 3? m. A A m. 34 m. glhcbasg`s qul plrgatçcb flravcr k`s h`bnkaht`s. Lk prlha` qul
Nai. A.‖ Hcgda`s fl k`s NNC fl kc ncgaka
ncgakacc H`kkabs.
4= 41

pcicdcb ls slóckcf` tcbt` p`r su abhrlglbt` lb k`s bavlkls lstruhturc ncgakacr h`btraduylb c kc pr`fuhhaøb fl hcgda`s
fl k`s  EN
ENCC  h`g` p`r kc abhcpchafcf fl Flfl pcrc rlt`rbcr lb kc h`bfuhtc y k`s pr`hls`s psçquah`s abtlrb`s fl k`s galg
c su bavlk mcdatuck. Kc abtlrflplbflbhac lbtrl lk abfavafu` dr`s fl lsl sastlgc. Lk tlrhlr cxa`gc ls qul hucbf` ub
y su ncgakac ‖kc h`rralbtl lbtrl "cflbtr`" y "cnulrc"‖ ls fl tlrcplutc trcdcjc h`b ub pchalbtl ` h`b kc ncgakac fl ub
g`strcfc lb n`rgc hkcrc lb kc satuchaøb lxplraglbtck, lb kc pchalbtl, su h`bfuhtc sl abhkuyl lb lsl h`btlxt`. K`s tlrc
qul k`s ch`btlhagalbt`s pr`fuhaf`s c bavlk fl kc h`bfuhtc plutcs y kc ncgakac n`rgcb lb h`bjubt` ub bulv` sastlgc,
fl k`s galgdr`s fl kc ncgakac pulflb glfarsl lb kc h`rralbtl tlrcpáutah`
galgdr`s. lb lstl hcs`, qul i`dalrbc kc h`bfuhtc fl sus
scbiuçblc fl `tr`s galgdr`s fl kc ncgakac.
Lstcs trls h`bsaflrcha`bls ‖kc fl qul lk h`btlxt` cnlhtc
LK CXALBV@ FL KC _CV@K@IÇC k`s pr`hls`s abtlrb`s, kc fl qul kcs g`fanahcha`bls flk h`b
tlxt` pr`fuhlb hcgda`s lb lk abfavafu` y kc fl qul kc h`b
Hucbf` sl h`bhadl c kc glbtl h`g` lxtrchlrldrck ck aiuck fuhtc flk tlrcplutc ls saibanahctavc lb lstl hcgda`‖ salgprl
qul h`g` abtrchlrldrck, lk mlhm` fl satucr c kc pct`k`içc lb mcb n`rgcf` pcrtl flk slbtaf` h`gúb dãsah` fl kc tlrcpac.
lk abtlra`r fl kc glbtl flk abfavafu` b` abfahc sa sl k` mchl Mcb `hupcf` lk trcsn`bf` lb kc dadka`ircnçc fl psah`tlrcpac,
flbtr` ` nulrc fl kc plrs`bc. Kc pct`k`içc pulfl udahcrsl galbtrcs k`s pr`hls`s abtlrb`s sl satucr`b lb lk praglr pkcb`.
lb lk abtlra`r flk pchalbtl, lb su h`btlxt` s`hack ` lb lk Xab lgdcri`, b` sl udahcr`b lb lk hlbtr` fl kc prãhtahc psah`-
nllfdche lbtrl cgd`s. Kc nr`btlrc crtanahack ls h`bnusc y, p`r tlrcpáutahc, lb kc qul cúb lxastl ubc fah`t`gçc crtanahack lb
k` tcbt`, lk lbn`qul fl kc pct`k`içc fldl g`fanahcrsl. Kc trl lk abfavafu` y su h`btlxt` s`hack.
tlrcpac `ralbtcfc flsfl lstl pubt` fl vastc sl dcsc lb trls _`flg`s glbha`bcr ub ljlgpk` t`gcf` fl k`s h`bhlpt`s
cxa`gcs. Hcfc ub` fl lkk`s p`bl lk chlbt` lb h`scs fastabtcs flk plbscgalbt` pcrcb`ah`, pulst` qul lb lstl hcgp` ls nub
qul lk cxa`gc glbha`bcf` fl kc tl`rçc abfavafuck. Lb praglr fcglbtck k`ircr ubc h`gprlbsaøb flk h`btlxt` flk pchalbtl.
kuicr, kc vafc psçquahc fl ub abfavafu` b` ls lxhkusavcglbtl Xab lgdcri`, lb tárgab`s abtrcpsçquah`s sl saiul lbhcrcbf`
ub pr`hls` abtlrb`. Lk abfavafu` abnkuyl s`drl su h`btlxt` y c kc pcrcb`ac h`g` ub trcst`rb` flk plbscgalbt` n`rgck, lb
ls abnkuaf` p`r ástl p`r slhulbhacs rlpltafcs fl abtlrchhaøb. lk qul kc plrhlphaøb fl k`s ch`btlhagalbt`s ls fltlrgabcfc
Lk abfavafu` qul vavl lb lk slb` fl ubc ncgakac ls ub galg p`r pr`hls`s abtlrb`s. H`g` k` lshradaø Ccr`b Dlhe: "lbtrl
dr` fl ub sastlgc s`hack ck qul fldl cfcptcrsl. Xus chha`bls kcs plrs`bcs b`rgckls, kc slhulbhac plrhlphaøb-h`b`hagalbt`-
sl lbhulbtrcb rliafcs p`r kcs hcrchtlrçstahcs flk sastlgc, y lg`haøb ls fltlrgabcfc lb ircb glfafc p`r lk hcrãhtlr fl
lstcs hcrchtlrçstahcs abhkuylb k`s lnlht`s fl sus pr`pacs chha` kc satuchaøb lstçguk`... (sab lgdcri`) lk pchalbtl pcrcb`afl
bls pcscfcs. Lk abfavafu` rlsp`bfl c k`s strlss qul sl pr` pulfl cdstrclr slklhtavcglbtl k`s csplht`s fl su lxplralbhac
fuhlb lb `tr`s kuicrls flk sastlgc, c k`s qul sl cfcptc5 y ák qul h`bhulrfcb h`b su aflc prlh`bhldafc fl plrslhuhaøb, lth.
pulfl h`btraduar lb n`rgc saibanahctavc ck strlss fl `tr`s _ulfl rlckazcr juaha`s crdatrcra`s qul b` p`sllb nubfcglbt`s
galgdr`s flk sastlgc. Lk abfavafu` pulfl slr h`bsaflrcf` vlrfcflr`s. Mcdatuckglbtl, ást`s pulflb gcbanlstcrsl c trcvás
h`g` ub sudsastlgc, ` pcrtl flk sastlgc, plr` sl fldl fl kc klhturc fl saibanahcf`s `hukt`s lb k`s ch`btlhagalbt`s.
t`gcr lb hulbtc ck h`bjubt`. Lk sliubf` cxa`gc qul sudychl Vcgdaáb talbfl c ilblrckazcr lb lxhls` abstcbhacs caskcfcs
c lstl tap` fl tlrcpac ls lk fl qul kcs g`fanahcha`bls lb ubc fl abtrusaøb, fashragabchaøb, lth."'. Lb lst`s tárgab`s, kc pc-

8? 83
 

p`r `trc cnargchaøb lb ub ãrlc fanlrlbtl. Kcs h`gubahcha`bls


rcb`ac ls ub nlbøglb` abtlrb` rlkcha`bcf` h`b kc rlckafcf b` s`b rlnrlbfcfcs p`r nllfdche qul h`bhulrflb ` fasalbtcb
søk` lb n`rgc tcbilbhack.
h`b lkkcs. Xl `dslrvc h`bstcbtlglbtl kc cpcrahaøb fl s`spl
H`gpãrlsl k` qul chcdcg`s fl slóckcr h`b ubc h`bhlp hmcs, h`bnusaøb chlrhc fl kc bcturcklzc fl kc rlckafcf qul sl
haøb fl kc pcrcb`ac rlnlrafc ck h`btlxt`. Lb ub lstufa` fl lxplraglbtc, kc dúsqulfc fl ub `djltav` y, nabckglbtl, kc
lbnlrg`s glbtckls h`b sçbt`gcs pcrcb`afls, Lrvabi H`nngcb cpcrahaøb fl hmav`s lgascra`s lb lk irup` ` lk ltaqultcgalbt`
slóckø qul lb kcs ltcpcs abahackls fl lstc lbnlrglfcf, lk h`b fl k`s pr`nlsa`bckls h`g` plrsliuaf`rls `gbap`tlbtls. Lb lstl
tlxt` s`hack sl h`gpklglbtc h`b lk pchalbtl qul s`p`rtc kc h`btlxt`, sl flscrr`kkc abvcracdklglbtl lk "plbscgalbt` pcrc
lbnlrglfcf . K`s irup`s s`hackls saibanahctav`s, h`g` k`s
A?

b`afl", qul ls lxprlscf` p`r pcrtahapcbtls huycs harhubstcb


h`gpcólr`s fl trcdcj`, abtlbtcb rlnrlbcr ck pchalbtl, yc qul hacs fl vafc y huycs mast`racs mcb saf` guy fanlrlbtls. Ls
sus sçbt`gcs prlslbtcb ub hcrãhtlr flstruhtav`. K` lvatcb lb lvaflbtl csç, qul kc lxplralbhac abfavafuck flplbfl fl hc
kc glfafc fl k` p`sadkl y k` lxhkuylb fl kcs flhasa`bls. Tl
rchtlrçstahcs fl kc afa`sabhrcsac flk abfavafu` lb lk h`btlxt`
hurrlb c ub g`f` fl abtlrchhaøb pchanahcf`r, lvcsav`, mug`
fl su vafc mcdatuck.
rçstah`, qul flsckalbtc lb k` p`sadkl kc pcrtahapchaøb flk pc
halbtl. _ulflb abhkus` lspacrk` ` h`bstatuar ubc rlf fl h`bva
vlbhac pcrc k`ircr sudrlptahacglbtl qul rlhurrc c ubc ctlbhaøb LK LXV\FA@ FL \B HCX@
psaquaãtrahc. Xu dalb abtlbha`bcf` tcht` y rlslrvc flsp`jcb
Lb lk pcçs fl kcs gcrcvakkcs, Ckahac hrlhaø rlplbtabcglbtl
ck pchalbtl
uktlra`r fl ub nllfdche
fl h`bstruar ckrlflf`rh`rrlhtav`, h`b kcubc
flk pcrcb`ah` h`bslhulbhac
h`gubafcf mcstc ckhcbzcr ubc lstcturc iaicbtlshc. K` lxplraglbtø sab
talbf` qul hrlhçc, galbtrcs kc mcdatchaøb sl mchçc gãs plqul
pcrcb`afl rlck.
óc. Xa Ckahac mudalsl hrlhaf` lb ubc mcdatchaøb qul k` mu
Lk plbscgalbt` y kc h`bfuhtc pcrcb`afls tcgdaáb pulflb dalsl mlhm` h`b lk gasg` ratg`, mudalsl slbtaf` pr`dcdkl
hrlcrsl lxplraglbtckglbtl lb pr`nlsa`bckls b`rgckls, fl- lfu glbtl qul t`f` plrgcblhçc aiuck. Xøk` sa Ckahac ` kc mcdatc
hchaøb suplra`r, c trcvás fl lxplralbhacs fl irup` tckls h`g` haøb hcgdacb p`r slpcrcf` su lxplralbhac sl g`fanahc. Ls
kcs pr`ylhtcfcs lb k`s Klcflrsmap Abstatutls fl kc Vrcvast`he sagpkastc, cubqul b` abh`rrlht`, flhar qul kc tlrcpac abtrcpsç-
Hkabah. Lb lk "ljlrhaha` fl irup` cgpka`", lbtrl trlabtc y hab quahc sl hlbtrc lb lk hcgda` fl Ckahac. \bc tlrcpac lstruh
hulbtc pcrtahapcbtls sl lbhulbtrcb slbtcf`s lb hçrhuk`s h`b turck fl ncgakac abtlbtc hcgdacr c Ckahac lb n`rgc h`bjubtc
hábtrah`s huy` búglr` `shakc lbtrl trls y habh`. K`s pr`nl h`b kc mcdatchaøb.
sa`bckls sl lbhulbtrcb faslgabcf`s c trcvás fl k`s hçrhuk`s, Lk trctcgalbt` fl ub pchalbtl h`b flsørflbls pcrcb`afls
utakazcbf` r`pcs fl trcdcj`, h`b hcrcs agpcsadkls y plrgcblhlb flk plbscgalbt` ls abstruhtav` lb rlkchaøb h`b lstcs fanlrlb
saklbha`s`s. Ck irup` sl kl csaibc ubc tcrlc cgdaiuc: kc fl tls h`bhlpha`bls. \bc vaufc atckacbc fl hlrhc fl sltlbtc có`s,
lstufacr su pr`pac h`bfuhtc. qul mcdçc vavaf` lb lk gasg` flpcrtcglbt` furcbtl vlabta
Flbtr` flk gcrh` fl lstc tcrlc sab kçflr, k`s pcrtahapcbtls habh` có`s, h`gpr`dø ub fçc, ck rlirlscr c ák, qul kl mcdçcb
rlckazcb flhkcrcha`bls qul b` sl farailb c bcfal lb pcrtahukcr5 r`dcf`. Flhafaø gufcrsl y kkcgø c ubc h`gpcóçc fl gufcb
fldaf` c kc n`rgc lb qul sl mcb slbtcf`, cflgãs, k`s pcrtaha zcs. Nul lk h`galbz` fl ubc plscfakkc. Xliúb su rlkct`, kcs
pcbtls sl fcb kc lspckfc y b` pulflb vlr ck qul mcdkc. Lk plrs`bcs qul sl `hupcr`b fl su gufcbzc abtlbtcdcb h`b-
faãk`i` b` sl flscrr`kkc5 ubc cnargchaøb pulfl slr sliuafc
88
84

tr`kcr-sus pcs`s. Hucbf` flspkczcdcb sus plrtlblbhacs, ab-


tlbha`bckglbtl h`k`hcdcb nulrc fl kuicr ` plrfçcb sus prl tlrrat`ra`, lb ubc n`rgc guy sagakcr c kc qul utakazcb k`s cba
ha`scs p`slsa`bls. Fljcr`b sabalstrcs abshrapha`bls ‖hrapt`irc gckls pcrc lxpk`rcr y lxcgabcr ub ãrlc flsh`b`hafc. Kc tl
gcs‖ lb sus guldkls. Hucbf` sckaø, kc saiualr`b, mchaábf`sl rr`rçnahc lxplralbhac fl kc lshcsc ncgakacrafcf h`b bulvcs
slhrltcglbtl slóckls lbtrl sç. H`bhurraø c vlr c ub psaquactrc, harhubstcbhacs mcdçc saf` abtlrprltcfc p`r lstc s`katcrac plr-
qul kl fa` trcbquakazcbtls, plr` sus lxplralbhacs b` hcgdacr`b. s`bc h`g` ubc h`bsparchaøb h`btrc lkkc. C trcvás fl kcs gas
gcs glfafcs glfacbtl kcs huckls mcdçc abtlbtcf` h`gubahcr
Nul lbvacfc
`tr` psaquactrclbt`bhls c ubc Abtlbha`bckglbtl,
kc lbtrlvastø. ubafcf fl abtlrbchaøb
ástl lb
fljøkc ubcs
qul sus lxplralbhacs, lk nllfdche fl su glfa` mcdçc cgpkanahcf`
d`tlkkcs s`drl kc glsc. Cubqul b` scdçc quá lrcb, fl t`fcs su slbschaøb fl slr cb`rgck y psahøtahc. Xus pcralbtls y cga
gcblrcs lkkc kcs h`bsaflrø plkair`scs. Lk psaquactrc kl rlh` i`s sl mcdçcb csustcf` cbtl su chtatuf y, c su vlz, kc mcdçcb
glbfø qul sl m`spatckazcsl, plr` sl bliø. csustcf` glfacbtl su h`bsparchaøb slhrltc. C su ckrlflf`r,
Nul c vlr c `tr` tlrcplutc, huycs abtlrvlbha`bls sl dcsc sl mcdçc flscrr`kkcf` ubc h`gubafcf pcrcb`afl. F`s psaquac
dcb lb ubc h`gprlbsaøb lh`køiahc fl k`s cbhacb`s y s`katcra`s. trcs kl facib`stahcr`b ubc psah`sas h`b ckuhabchaøb pcrcb`afl y,
Kl lxpkahø c kc gujlr qul lkkc mcdçc plrfaf` su hcpcrczøb fl chulrf` h`b lstc abtlrprltchaøb, kl suiaralr`b qul sl abtlrbcsl.
‖kc cbtaiuc hcsc lb kc qul h`b`hçc c t`f`s k`s `djlt`s, ck dc Xab lgdcri`, ub tlrcplutc dcscf` lb ubc h`bhlphaøb flk
rra` y c kcs plrs`bcs qul vavçcb lb ák‖. Fl lsl g`f`, y h`g` h`btlxt` abtlrprltø su gufcbzc c ub bulv` flpcrtcglbt`
t`f` hrustãhl` qul palrfl su hcpcrczøb, lrc vukblrcdkl. Kc h`g` ubc hrasas lh`køiahc. Fl chulrf` h`b kc gltãn`rc fl Cka
rlckafcf pr`fuharçc bulv`s lnlht`s. Lst`s pr`dklgcs flscpc hac lb su mcdatchaøb, plrhadaø c kc gujlr h`g` hcgdacbf` h`b
rlhlrçcb, kl csliurø, hucbf` kl hrlhalsl ubc bulvc hcpcrczøb. gcy`r klbtatuf qul su gubf`. Xu abtlrvlbhaøb agpkahø ub
Cgd`s fashutalr`b chlrhc flk g`f` lnahcz pcrc cdrlvacr lsl hcgda` fl kc p`sahaøb fl kc gujlr lb lk gubf` pr`p`rhaøb
plrç`f`. Lkkc fldçc flsmchlr t`f` lk lquapcjl, h`kicr k`s huc bãbf`kl ub h`btr`k s`drl ák mcstc qul kl nulsl ncgakacr. Chtuø
fr`s qul mcdçcb flh`rcf` su flpcrtcglbt` cbtlra`r, p`blr k`s pcrc pr`tlilr c kc gujlr, mchaábf`sl hcri` fl kc satuchaøb,
kadr`s lb k`s lstcbtls y `ricbazcr lk flpcrtcglbt` pcrc qul iuaãbf`kc mcstc tcbt` kl hrlhalsl "ubc bulvc hcpcrczøb". Ck
t`f` kl nulsl ncgakacr. Vlbçc qul "rutabazcr" t`f`s sus g`va gasg` talgp`, dk`qulø k`s pr`hls`s fl nllfdche qul p`tlb
galbt`s. Fldçc klvcbtcrsl c kc gasgc m`rc, mchlr kcs h`gprcs hacdcb kc pct`k`içc fl kc pchalbtl. Xu abtlrvlbhaøb g`fanahø
lb ub g`glbt` fltlrgabcf` fl kc j`rbcfc, ar c k`s gasg`s kc lxplralbhac fl ástc lb rlkchaøb h`b sus harhubstcbhacs y
bli`ha`s y talbfcs, y csç suhlsavcglbtl. Furcbtl f`s slgc sus sçbt`gcs, csç, flscpcrlhalr`b rãpafcglbtl. Xaiuaø vavalbf`

bcs,
bulv`b`dcrra`.
tlbçc Fldçc
qul abtlbtcr mchlrsl
ar c vasarãr fl cbtaiu`s
c sus bulv`s cgai`s
cgai`s,lbplr`
lk lb
Lb su
lstlbulv` flpcrtcglbt`,
ljlgpk`, h`blbkc kc
ck aiuck qul abflplbflbhac
pcrãd`kc flkqul flslcdc.
h`gcbfcbtl
pcrc b` cduscr fl sus cgai`s y fl su ncgakac, b` fldçc fls _lcry, lk hcgda` st pr`fuj` lb glb`r glfafc lb k` qul h`b
hradar babiubc fl sus lxplralbhacs. Xa ckiualb kc abtlrr`icdc hlrbçc ck abtlra`r ` ck lxtlra`r flk pchalbtl qul lb k` rlnl
chlrhc fl sus pr`dklgcs, kls farçc qul, sagpklglbtl, lrcb k`s rlbtl c kc rlkchaøb fl kc pchalbtl h`b sus harhubstcbhacs.
pr`dklgcs fl k`s cbhacb`s, akøiah`s y tlglr`s`s. Kc tlrcpac lstruhturck fl ncgakac lbhcrc lk pr`hls` flk nllf
Lsc abtlrvlbhaøb lstcdklhaø ubc rutabc pcrc cyufcr c kc pc dche lbtrl kcs harhubstcbhacs y kcs plrs`bcs agpkahcfcs ‖k`s
halbtl c cuglbtcr su slbtaf` fl ncgakacrafcf h`b ub bulv` hcgda`s agpulst`s p`r ubc plrs`bc s`drl sus harhubstcbhacs y
kc n`rgc lb qul k`s nllfdche lb rlkchaøb h`b lst`s hcgda`s
86
8<
 

cnlhtcb su chhaøb p`stlra`r‖. \bc gutchaøb lb kc p`sahaøb fl Lstl ls lk nubfcglbt` fl kc tlrcpac fl ncgakac. Lk tlrcplutc
ubc plrs`bc lb rlkchaøb h`b sus harhubstcbhacs h`bstatuyl ubc sl cs`hac h`b kc ncgakac h`b lk `djltav` fl hcgdacr kc `ric
g`fanahchaøb fl su lxplralbhac. Kc tlrcpac fl ncgakac rlhurrl bazchaøb fl kc ncgakac fl tck g`f` qul kc lxplralbhac fl sus
c táhbahcs qul cktlrcb lk h`btlxt` abglfact` fl kcs plrs`bcs galgdr`s sl g`fanaqul. C trcvás fl kc nchakatchaøb flk us`
fl tck g`f` qul sus p`saha`bls hcgdacb. Ck hcgdacr kc rlkc fl g`fckafcfls cktlrbctavcs fl abtlrchhaøb lbtrl k`s galgdr`s
haøb lbtrl ubc plrs`bc y lk h`btlxt` ncgakacr lb qul sl gulvl, fl kc ncgakac, lk tlrcplutc rlhurrl c kc gctraz fl kc ncgakac
sl g`fanahc h`bslhulbtlglbtl su lxplralbhac sudjltavc. pcrc lk pr`hls` fl hurchaøb. Kc ncgakac, ck g`fanahcrsl, `nrlhl
_`r ljlgpk`, ubc baóc fl f`hl có`s tlbçc csgc fl `railb c sus galgdr`s bulvcs harhubstcbhacs y bulvcs plrsplhtavcs
pse`s`gãtah`. Tlhadçc ubc abtlbsc glfahchaøb, ncktcdc c gl nrlbtl c sus harhubstcbhacs. Kc bulvc `ricbazchaøb plrgatl ub
buf` c kc lshulkc y lk có` cbtlra`r mcdçc saf` kklvcfc c kc h`btabu` rlnulrz` fl kc bulvc lxplralbhac, k` qul pr`p`rha`bc
sckc fl urilbhac lb trls `hcsa`bls. Xl kc faraiaø c ub psaquac ubc vckafchaøb flk bulv` slbtaf` fl sç.
trc fl baó`s, qul absastaø lb vlr c t`fc kc ncgakac ‖k`s pcfrls Lb lstc lstruhturc tl`rátahc b` sl aib`rc ck abfavafu`. Lk
y k`s f`s mlrgcb`s gcy`rls‖ fl kc pchalbtl aflbtanahcfc. Lb prlslbtl flk abfavafu` ls su pcscf` gãs sus harhubstcbhacs
lk trcbshurs` fl kc praglrc lbtrlvastc, lk tlrcplutc kkcgø kc chtuckls. \bc pcrtl fl su pcscf` s`drlvavarã salgprl, h`b
ctlbhaøb fl kc ncgakac chlrhc fl kc `dlsafcf fl kc majc gcy`r. tlbaf` y g`fanahcf` p`r kcs abtlrchha`bls chtuckls. Vcbt` su
Kc prl`hupchaøb fl kc ncgakac, lbt`bhls, sl flspkczø l abhkuyø pcscf` h`g` sus pr`palfcfls sabiukcrls n`rgcb pcrtl fl su
c kc prl`hupchaøb chlrhc fl kc pchalbtl csç aflbtanahcfc. K`s h`btlxt` s`hack, s`drl lk huck chtúcb flk gasg` g`f` lb qul
sçbt`gcs fl kc baóc csgãtahc fasgabuylr`b lbt`bhls mcstc ub ástl chtúc s`drl ák. Lb k`s lstufa`s flk tap` flk fl Flkicf`
pubt` tck qul plrgataø h`btr`kcr su csgc h`b ubc glfahchaøb sl cprlhac ub rlsplt` flk abfavafu` lb su h`btlxt`, ubc prl`hu
guhm` glb`s abtlbsc y, tcgdaáb, fljcr fl ncktcr c kc lshulkc. pchaøb chlrhc flk abfavafu` b` søk` lb k` h`bhlrbalbtl c sus
Lb kc lstruhturc fl kc ncgakac sl pr`fujlr`b g`fanahcha`bls. hcrchtlrçstahcs abbctcs y cfquarafcs, sab` tcgdaáb lb su ab
Fljø fl slr ubc ncgakac prl`hupcfc p`r pr`tlilr c ubc baóc tlrchhaøb lb lk prlslbtl. Lk m`gdrl talbl glg`rac5 ls lk pr`
csgãtahc pcrc pcscr c slr ubc ncgakac h`b f`s pcfrls prl`hu fuht` fl su pcscf`. Ck gasg` talgp`, sus abtlrchha`bls lb
pcf`s p`r lk csgc fl ubc majc y kc `dlsafcf fl `trc. Kc p` sus harhubstcbhacs chtuckls cp`ycb, hckanahcb ` g`fanahcb su
sahaøb fl kc pchalbtl abahackglbtl aflbtanahcfc lb kc ncgakac lxplralbhac.
sl g`fanahø y, h`bh`gatcbtlglbtl, sl g`fanahø su lxplralbhac. Kc tlrcpac lstruhturck fl ncgakac utakazc lstl gcrh` fl h`b-
Lgplzø c h`bsaflrcr c su mlrgcbc gcy`r h`g` ubc plrs`bc hlptuckazcr ck m`gdrl lb sus harhubstcbhacs. Lk `djltav` fl
qul lbnrlbtcdc fanahuktcfls. Kc n`rgc fl abtlrchhaøb fl sus kc abtlrvlbhaøb pulfl lstcr h`bstatuaf` tcgdaáb p`r huckqualr
pcfrls h`b lkkc, dcscfc lb kc s`drlpr`tlhhaøb y kc prl`hupc `tr` sliglbt` flk lh`sastlgc flk abfavafu` qul pcrlzhc cfl
haøb, fasgabuyø ck cócfarsl ub bulv` dkcbh` fl prl`hupchaøb. hucf` pcrc lbhcrcr lstrctliacs fl Rpr`fuhhaøb fl hcgda`s.
Lk tlrcplutc mcdçc hcgdacf` ubc pcrtl fl kc `ricbazchaøb fl
kc ncgakac fl tck g`f` qul lk g`vagalbt` lrc cm`rc p`sadkl. LK @DJLVA^@ FL KC VLTC_AC
Cf`ptø ubc g`fckafcf mcdatuck lb lkk`s ‖prl`hupchaøb‖ plr`
cgpkaø su `djlt`. Kc bulvc plrsplhtavc g`fanahø kc lxplralb Lk `djltav` flk tlrcplutc fl ncgakac y kc táhbahc c kc qul
hac fl k`s galgdr`s fl kc ncgakac. rlhurrl lstãb fltlrgabcf`s p`r su gcrh` tlørah`. Kc tlrcpac

89
8>

lstruhturck fl ncgakac ls ubc tlrcpac fl chhaøb. Kc mlrrc AA


galbtc fl lstc tlrcpac h`bsastl lb g`fanahcr lk prlslbtl, b`
lb lxpk`rcr l abtlrprltcr lk pcscf`. Lk pcscf` abnkuyø lb kc
hrlchaøb fl kc `ricbazchaøb y nubha`bcgalbt` chtuck fl kc nc \BC NCGAKAC LB N@TGCHAØB
gakac5 p`r k` tcbt`, sl gcbanalstc lb lk prlslbtl y p`frã
hcgdacr c trcvás fl abtlrvlbha`bls qul hcgdalb lk prlslbtl.
Lk `djltav` fl kcs abtlrvlbha`bls lb lk prlslbtl ls lk sas
tlgc ncgakacr. Lk tlrcplutc sl cs`hac c lstl sastlgc y utakazc
c su plrs`bc pcrc trcbsn`rgcrk`. Ck hcgdacr kc p`sahaøb fl
k`s galgdr`s flk sastlgc, .hcgdac sus lxplralbhacs sudjltavcs.
H`b lstl `djltav`, lk tlrcplutc h`bnçc lb ckiubcs pr`pal
fcfls flk sastlgc. Lb praglr kuicr, ubc trcbsn`rgchaøb fl su
lstruhturc plrgatarã ck glb`s ckiubc p`sadakafcf fl hcgda`.
Lb sliubf` kuicr, ák sastlgc fl kc ncgakac lstã `ricbazcf` s`
drl kc dcsl flk cp`y`, rliukchaøb, ckaglbtchaøb y s`hackazc Kc ncgakac ls ubc ubafcf s`hack qul lbnrlbtc ubc slral fl
haøb fl sus galgdr`s. _`r k` tcbt`, lk tlrcplutc sl ubl c kc tcrlcs fl flscrr`kk`. Lstcs fanalrlb fl chulrf` h`b k`s pcrã
ncgakac b` pcrc lfuhcrkc ` s`hackazcrkc, sab`, gãs dalb, pcrc gltr`s fl kcs fanlrlbhacs hukturckls, plr` p`sllb rcçhls uba
rlpcrcr ` g`fanahcr su nubha`bcgalbt` pcrc qul ástc pulfc vlrsckls. Lstl csplht` h`gúb fl kcs satucha`bls fl kc ncgakac
flscrr`kkcr lstcs tcrlcs h`b gcy`r lnahchac. Lb tlrhlr kuicr, nul lxprlscf` lb n`rgc akustrctavc p`r Ia`vcbba Iucrlshma:
lk sastlgc fl kc ncgakac talbl pr`palfcfls fl cut`plrpltuc- °_`r quá mcdk` tcbt` chlrhc fl gç, fl Gcrimlratc, fl Kc-
haøb. _`r k` tcbt`, lk pr`hls` qul lk tlrcplutc abahac lb lk dlrtab` y fl kc _csa`bcrac0 Lb vlrfcf, lb b`s`tr`s b` mcy
slb` fl kc ncgakac slrã gcbtlbaf` lb su cuslbhac p`r k`s bcfc "lxhlpha`bck": Gcrimlratc b` ls ubc gujlr "p`h` h`
glhcbasg`s fl cut`rrliukchaøb fl ástc. Lb `trcs pckcdrcs, gúb", ba tcgp`h` Ckdlrtab` y kc _csa`bcrac s`b baó`s "lx
ubc vlz qul sl mc pr`fuhaf` ub hcgda`, kc ncgakac k` prl trc`rfabcra`s".
slrvcrã, pr`vlylbf` ubc gctraz fanlrlbtl y g`fanahcbf` lk
Lxastlb halb vcralfcfls fanlrlbtls fl kc uvc, fl kc dkcbhc
nllfdche qul h`btabucglbtl hckanahc ` vckafc kcs lxplralbhacs
c kc blirc, fl kc fukhl c kc cgcric, fl kc plqulóc c kc ircb
fl sus galgdr`s. fl. _lr` sa sl kl lxtrcl lk jui` c halb rchag`s fl uvc fl
Lst`s h`bhlpt`s fl lstruhturc h`bstatuylb lk nubfcglbt` vcralfcfls fanlrlbtls, k` qul sl `dtalbl ls salgprl jui` fl
fl kc tlrcpac fl ncgakac. Xab .-lgdcri`, kc tlrcpac lstruhturck uvc. Xa sl lxpraglb uvcs, bubhc sl `dtalbl bcntc, klhml `
fl ncgakac fldl pcrtar fl ub g`flk` fl b`rgckafcf qul kl kag`bcfc.
plrgatc glfar kcs cb`gckçcs. Favlrscs lbtrlvastcs h`b ncgakacs
plrtlblhalbtls c fanlrlbtls hukturcs qul nubha`bcb lb n`rgc Q k` qul agp`rtc ls lk jui`, lb t`fcs kcs h`scs5
lnahcz akustrcrãb kcs fanahuktcfls b`rgckls fl kc vafc ncgakacr Q lk jui` fl ga ncgakac ls lk gasg` qul lk jui` fl gakk`
qul trcshalbflb kcs fanlrlbhacs hukturckls. bls fl ncgakacs "`rfabcracs", pulst` qul k`s pr`dklgcs dãsah`s
fl ga ncgakac s`b k`s gasg`s qul k`s fl gakk`bls fl ncga-

8= 81
 

fldlb g`fanahcrsl, yc qul k`s fldlrls nubfcglbtckls fl k`s


kacs: sl `raiabcb lb ubc satuchaøb ncgakacr dcscfc lb kc bl bulv`s lsp`s`s h`bhalrblb c su gctrag`ba`. Kcs ncgakacs fl
hlsafcf fl cfmlrar c k`s prabhapa`s qul h`bstatuylb kc dcsl `railb fldlb chlptcr y cp`ycr lstc rupturc.
fl t`f`s k`s m`icrls "h`rralbtls" .3
Flk gasg` g`f`, k`s lbhulbtr`s h`b k`s lklglbt`s lxtrc-
ncgakacrls ‖trcdcj`, fldlrls y `ha`s‖ fldlb rl`ricbazcrsl y
Lb kc lbtrlvastc qul naiurc c h`btabuchaøb, k`s Yciblr s`b rliukcrsl fl ub bulv` g`f`. Xl fldlb cf`ptcr flhasa`bls lb
ubc ncgakac h`rralbtl5 ls flhar, kc pcrljc talbl gúktapkls pr`- k` qul h`bhalrbl ck g`f` lb qul sl plrgatarã qul kcs fl
dklgcs fl rlkchaøb lbtrl sç, fldl lfuhcr baó`s, gcbljcrsl gcbfcs flk gubf` lxtlra`r abtlrnalrcb h`b kc vafc fl kc
h`b k`s pcralbtls p`kçtah`s y lbnrlbtcr ck gubf` lxtlra`r. Ck bulvc ncgakac. Hcfc lsp`s` fldl h`b`hlr c k`s cgai`s flk
aiuck qul t`fcs kcs ncgakacs b`rgckls, lbnrlbtcb h`bstcbtl `tr` y slklhha`bcr c cquákk`s qul slrãb k`s cgai`s fl kc pc
glbtl lst`s pr`dklgcs y bli`hacb k`s h`gpr`gas`s qul p` rljc. Hcfc høbyuil fldl icbcr bulv`s cgai`s y plrflr `tr`s
sadakatcb kc vafc lb h`gúb. cbtaiu`s.
Kc lbtrlvastc h`b lkk`s nul h`bfuhafc pcrc akustrcr kcs ltc Lk bchagalbt` fl ub baó` slóckc ub hcgda` rcfahck lb kc
pcs y pr`hls`s flk flscrr`kk` ncgakacr. K`s Yciblr h`bstatu `ricbazchaøb fl kc ncgakac. Kcs nubha`bls fl k`s høbyuils
ylb ubc ncgakac j`vlb y, p`r k` tcbt`, kc slsaøb abtlbtø lx fldlb fanlrlbhacrsl pcrc lbnrlbtcr c k`s rlqulragalbt`s flk
pk`rcr kc n`rgchaøb fl kc ncgakac y kcs g`fanahcha`bls qul baó`, fl ctlbhaøb y ckaglbt` y pcrc lbhcrcr kcs rlstrahha`bls
sl Ck
pr`fuhlb lb flk
h`galbz` ubcgctrag`ba`,
ncgakac hucbf`
ubc bchl
j`vlblkpcrljc
praglr maj`.lbnrlb
fldl csa agpulstcs ck talgp` fl k`s pcfrls. _`r k` ilblrck, lk h`g
pr`gas` nçsah` y lg`ha`bck h`b lk baó` rlqualrl ub hcgda`
tcr ub halrt` búglr` fl tcrlcs. K`s lsp`s`s fldlb ch`g` lb kcs pcutcs trcbschha`bckls fl k`s høbyuils. Lb kc `ricba
fcrsl gutucglbtl lb ub ircb búglr` fl plqulócs rutabcs. zchaøb fl kc ncgakac cpcrlhl ub bulv` irup` fl sudsastlgcs,
_`r ljlgpk`, fldlb flscrr`kkcr rutabcs pcrc ch`stcrsl y kl lb lk qul k`s baó`s y k`s pcfrls talblb fanlrlbtls nubha`bls.
vcbtcrsl cpr`xagcfcglbtl c kc gasgc m`rc. Fldl lxastar ubc Lstl plra`f` rlqualrl tcgdaáb ubc rlbli`hachaøb fl kcs nr`b
rutabc pcrc h`glr jubt`s, y pcrc p`blr y schcr kc glsc. Fldl tlrcs h`b kc ncgakac lb su h`bjubt` y h`b k`s lklglbt`s lxtrc-
lxastar ubc rutabc pcrc lstcr flsbuf` y tlblr rlkcha`bls slxuc ncgakacrls. K`s cdulk`s, tçcs y tç`s pulflb abh`rp`rcrsl pcrc
kls, pcrc h`gpcrtar lk dcó` y pcrc kllr lk facra` flk f`gabi`, cp`ycr, `ralbtcr u `ricbazcr kcs bulvcs nubha`bls lb kc nc
pcrc garcr tlklvasaøb y lkliar k`s pr`ircgcs, y pcrc sckar gakac. @ kc nr`btlrc ckrlflf`r fl kc ncgakac buhklcr pulfl
c kuicrls qul s`b flk iust` fl cgd`s. n`rtcklhlrsl.
Lb lstl pr`hls` fl gutuc ch`g`fchaøb, kc pcrljc flscrr` K`s baó`s sl mchlb cf`klshlbtls y kuli` cfukt`s. Bulv`s
kkc ubc slral fl trcbschha`bls, n`rgcs lb qul hcfc lsp`s` mlrgcb`s sl ublb c kc ncgakac, ` k`s pcfrls sl h`bvalrtlb lb
lstagukc y h`btr`kc kc h`bfuhtc flk `tr` y, c su vlz, ls ab cdulk`s. Lb fanlrlbtls plra`f`s flk flscrr`kk`, csç, sl kl rl
nkuaf` p`r kc slhulbhac fl h`bfuhtc cbtlra`r. Lstcs pcutcs trcb- qualrl c kc ncgakac qul sl cfcptl y rllstruhturl. K`s hcgda`s
schha`bckls h`bstatuylb ubc trcgc abvasadkl fl flgcbfcs h`g fl kc nulrzc y pr`fuhtavafcf rlkctavc fl k`s galgdr`s fl kc
pklglbtcracs qul rliukcb guhmcs satucha`bls fl kc ncgakac. ncgakac rlqualrlb ch`g`fcha`bls h`btabucs, ck aiuck qul lk
Kc pcrljc tcgdaáb lbnrlbtc kc tcrlc fl slpcrcrsl fl hcfc hcgda` ilblrck fl kc flplbflbhac fl k`s baó`s nrlbtl c sus
ncgakac fl `railb y fl bli`hacr ubc rlkchaøb fanlrlbtl h`b bcfrls qul sl h`bvalrtl lb flplbflbhac fl k`s pcfrls lb
k`s pcfrls, mlrgcb`s y pcralbtls p`kçtah`s. Kcs pra`rafcfls
63
6?

rlkchaøb h`b k`s maj`s. C glfafc qul k`s maj`s cdcbf`bcb kc :• Xló`r Yciblr:  Lk sãdcf`, lb k` qul c gç sl rlnalrl, ls
ncgakac, rlcpcrlhl kc ubafcf `raiabck fl gcraf` y gujlr, cub bulstr` fçc kadrl, p`r csç flhark`. V`f` k` qul lkkc qualrc
qul lb harhubstcbhacs s`hackls t`tckglbtl fastabtcs. Kc ncgakac 'mchlr, dulb`, k` mchlg`s. Sualr` sliuar h`b lstl gát`f`. Lk
fldl lbnrlbtcr lk flscnç` fl hcgda`s tcbt` abtlrb`s h`g` lx f`gabi`, lbt`bhls, ls gãs ` glb`s ga fçc.
tlrb`s y gcbtlblr, ck gasg` talgp`, su h`btabuafcf, y fldl  Gab uhmab::  Ls cki` abtlrlscbtl5 °ls` qualrl flhar qul ustl
 Gabuhmab
cp`ycr y lstagukcr lk hrlhagalbt` fl sus galgdr`s galbtrcs fls flhaflb favafar lk nab fl slgcbc lb tárgab`s fl fçcs lb
sl cfcptc c ubc s`halfcf lb trcbsahaøb. Lstcs tcrlcs b` s`b k`s qul ustlf t`gc kcs flhasa`bls nubfcglbtckls y fçcs
nãhakls fl lbhcrcr. «b qul su lsp`sc k` mchl0
Kc pcrljc qul lbtrlvastcg`s c h`btabuchaøb akustrc ckiu Xló`r Yciblr:  B` ls lxchtcg
lxchtcglbtl
lbtl ccsç,
sç, ls ubc lsplh
lsplhal
al fl-
fl-..
bcs fl lstcs fanahuktcfls. Lgaky y Gcre Yciblr sl hcscr`b  Gab uhmab::  Xuhlfaø csç. °Høg` nul qul sl kkliø c ls`0 Ls
 Gabuhmab
mchl huctr` có`s. Valblb ub maj`, V`ggy, fl trls có`s. Mchl abtlrlscbtl mastørahcglbtl5 °høg` kklicr`b c lstc lsplhal fl
ub có` tuvalr`b huctr` slsa`bls h`b ub h`bsljlr` gctrag`back. favasaøb fl kc t`gc fl flhasaøb0 °K` rlhulrfcb0
Lb kc chtuckafcf sl h`bsaflrcb h`g` ubc ncgakac b`rgck qul Xló`r Yciblr:  Gl ctrlvlrá c n`rgukcr ubc mapøtlsas. X`kçc
mc fldaf` lbnrlbtcr fanahuktcfls. Lstãb `riukk`s`s p`r mcdlr trcdcjcr flsfl lk kubls mcstc lk sãdcf` lb lk csubt` flk m`s
ckhcbzcf` ub bavlk fl flscrr`kk` lb lk qul lxastl ub gutu` patck5 lk sãdcf` lrc ubc lsplhal fl fcr vulktcs. H`bsaflrcdc
cp`y` y qul plrgatl su hrlhagalbt`. ck f`gabi` h`g` lk fçc kadrl, lb k` qul gl h`bhlrbçc. Csç,
Tlsp`bfalr`b c ub cvas` cpcrlhaf` lb ub plquló` plraøfah` tcb pr`bt` h`g` lk sãdcf` qulfø kadrl, lkkc sl cp`flrø fl ák,
k`hck pcrc pcrtahapcr lb ubc lbtrlvastc c hcgda` fl ubc halrtc p`r csç flhark`. B` kl mudalsl fljcf` `ptcr p`r lk f`gabi`
sugc. Kc lbtrlvastc nul rlckazcfc cbtl ubc ircb cufalbhac fl p`rqul lk f`gabi` lrc lb halrt` g`f` ga fçc.
tlrcplutcs fl ncgakac, qul sl lbh`btrcdcb slbtcf`s lb kc gasgc  Gab uhmab::  Csç, kklicr`b c lstc n`rgc fl rlikc agpkçhatc sab
 Gabuhmab
mcdatchaøb
flscrr`kkø. yV`ggy
rlsp`bfalr`b c kckc lbtrlvastc
lstcdc lb mcdatchaøb cjuicbf`
glfafc h`b
qul ubc
sl saqualrc mcdlr lstcdklhaf` bubhc qul ástl lrc lk g`f` lb qul
chtucdcb.
dcdy sattlr. Xló`rc  Yciblr:  _`r k` ilblrck, k`s f`gabi`s vc c plshcr
Kc lbtrlvastc b` ls ubc lbtrlvastc tlrcpáutahc. Xl trctc fl ` cki` csç y y` v`y p`r ga kcf`. Xalgprl mc saf` csç5 dulb`, mc
ubc lbtrlvastc qul sl `hupc flk flscrr`kk`, qul abtlbtc rlubar saf` csç flsfl mchl gãs ` glb`s ub có`.
gctlrack mastørah` y fakuhafcr kcs plrhlpha`bls fl k`s pcrta  Gab uhmab::  ^c c plshcr k`s f`gabi`s. Lk sãdcf` ls lk fçc
 Gabuhmab
hapcbtls chlrhc flk nubha`bcgalbt` fl su ncgakac. Lb ubc lb lb qul cgd`s mchlb cki` jubt`s, y ustlf ls kc qul flhafl.
trlvastc h`b ubc ncgakac b`rgck, lxastl ub h`btrct` agpkçhat`. Xló`r Yciblr:  B` ls csç, b` ls lxchtcglbtl csç, lb rlcka
fcf. Farçc qul k`s sãdcf`s mcy gãs pr`dcdakafcfls fl qul
Kc ncgakac qul sl h`bsaflrc flsfl ub h`galbz` b`rgck, slrã
h`bnargcfc y cp`ycfc lb lstc hrllbhac p`r kc lbtrlvastc. Hucb ga gujlr slc kc qul flhafc quá vcg`s c mchlr.
Xló`rc Yciblr: _`r k` ilblrck tlbi` cki` pkcbanahcf`, scdl,
f` pcrtc, sliuarã h`bsaflrãbf`sl h`g` ubc ncgakac b`rgck.
qul qualr` mchlr, y p`r k` ilblrck k` mchlg`s.
uhmab::  K` praglr` qul qualr` scdlr ls p`r quá lstãb
 Gabuhmab
 Gab K`s Yciblr fashutlb ubc pcutc trcbschha`bck qul lv`kuha`
cquç. °Høg` t`gcr`b kc flhasaøb fl vlbar0 °Suá pr`hls` k`s bø lb lk trcbshurs` fl su vafc fl hcscf`s. Cubqul pulflb rl
abfuj` c mchlrk`0 h`bstruar lk flscrr`kk` fl lstc pcutc y b` kc h`bsaflrcb "lxch-

64 68
 

Xló`r Yciblr:  Hrl` qul sç.


tcglbtl csç", fl t`f`s g`f`s sl trctc fl ubc rlikc qul sl Xló`rc Yciblr:  Cbtls flk bchagalbt` fl V`ggy vavçcg`s
mc h`bvlrtaf` lb pcrtl fl kc `ricbazchaøb fl su vafc lb h`gúb. h`b gas pcfrls, ck prabhapa` fl bulstr` gctrag`ba`.
Lgaky Yciblr "talbl p`r k` ilblrck cki` pkcblcf`" pcrc lk uhmab::  Hucbf` sl hcscr`b, °sl gufcr`b c k` fl sus
 Gabuhmab
 Gab
sãdcf`, y "p`r k` ilblrck" k` mchlb. K`s f`gabi`s hcfc høb pcfrls0
yuil rlckazc sus pr`pacs chtavafcfls. Cgd`s h`bsaflrcrçcb qul Xló`rc Yciblr:  Lk lstcdc t`fcvçc lb kc ubavlrsafcf lb lsl
ubc abnrchhaøb abblhlscrac fl lstc pcutc h`bstatuyl ubc trca g`glbt`, tlrgabcbf` ub slglstrl ckkç. Q lbt`bhls b`s qul
haøb plrs`bck. Lklglbt`s g`rckls y lg`ha`bckls ch`gpcócb fcg`s ckkç. ^avag`s h`b lkk`s flsfl cdrak mcstc ci`st`. Q nul
kcs pcutcs trcbschha`bckls h`btrchtuckls, cub cqulkkcs huy`s `rç m`rradkl.
ilbls y rcz`bls mcb saf` `kvafcf`s. uhmab::  °Xu ncgakac b` k` qulrçc0
 Gabuhmab
 Gab
 Gabuhmab::  °Høg` `hurraø lst`0 Sul flhafalslb vlbar cquç.
 Gabuhmab Xló`rc Yciblr:  K` qulrçcb, plr` plbscdcb qul ‖ lgplzc
Xló`rc Yciblr:  °^lbar cquç0 ^a ub cvas` lb lk facra` y g`s c vlrb`s hucbf` tlbçcg`s falhasáas có`s. Q` tlbçc falhasáas,
kkcgá pcrc abn`rgcrgl. Ga gcfrl va` ub cvas` lb lk facra`. ák tlbçc falhasaltl, csç qul hucbf` lgplzcg`s c sckar b` sl
uhmab:: °Xu gcfrl0 Mãdklgl fl su ncgakac. °^avlb hlrhc
 Gabuhmab
 Gab mcdçc rlsulkt` t`fcvçc bcfc, `m, hrl` qul qulfcg`s prlbfaf`s.
fl ustlfls0  Gab uhmab::  °Suá lfcf tlbçcb hucbf` sl hcscr`b0
 Gabuhmab
Xló`rc Yciblr: ^avlb lb kc gasgc h`gubafcf. Xló`rc Yciblr:  Falhabulvl.
Xló`r Yciblr:  ^cg`s c ar gcócbc c ga hcsc, c kc hcsc fl  Gab
 Gabuhmab :  °Q sus
uhmab:
Xló`rc Yciblr: pcfrls
 Lkk`s søk` k`s abvatcr`b
fajlr`b, c ar
vlbicb h`b h`b
c vavar lkk`s0
b`s`tr`s,
gas pcfrls.
uhmab::  °Xus pcfrls vavlb hlrhc0
 Gabuhmab
 Gab mcstc qul nuag`s c Ecbscs.
Xló`r Yciblr:  @m, farçc ub`s f`shalbt`s gltr`s.  Gab uhmab::  °\stlfls plbscr`b qul lrc kc úbahc s`kuhaøb qul
 Gabuhmab
uhmab::  °Q sus pcfrls0
 Gabuhmab
 Gab tlbçcb5 b` tlbçcµ `trcs cktlrbctavcs ckkç0
Xló`r Yciblr:  Dulb`, mudaáslg`s p`faf` vavar cnul cnulrc
rc plr`
Xló`rc Yciblr:  Farçc huctr` ` habh` eakøgltr`s. y` lstcdc t`fcvçc lstufacbf` y b` qulrçc cdcbf`bcr gas ls
 Gab uhmab::  °Suá agp`rtcbhac talblb pcrc ustlf sus pcfrls0
 Gabuhmab tufa`s5 qulrçc sliuar nukk tagl, y kc úbahc n`rgc fl k`ircrk`
Xló`r Yciblr:  Farçc qul‖. lrc rlfuhar bulstr`s icst`s fl ck`jcgalbt` lb kc glfafc fl
Xló`rc Yciblr:  B` guhmc, rlckglbtl. k` p`sadkl, y lbt`bhls chlptcg`s. Mudaáslg`s p`faf` gufcr
Xló`r Yciblr:  B`, b` lb kc glfafc fl sus pcfrls pcrc lkkc. b`s cnulrc, plr` lb lscs harhubstcbhacs chlptcg`s su `nrlha
Xló`rc Yciblr:  K`s pcfrls fl ák trcdcjcb cgd`s, y p`r k` galbt` pcrc p`flr cm`rrcr ‖csç, b` lstãdcg`s rlckglbtl `dka
ilblrck b` k`s vlg`s guhm` hucbf` trcdcjcb, y lk f`gabi` ls icf`s c vavar ckkç, nul ub pr`dklgc fl cm`rr`. Flhafag`s qul
lk úbah` fçc lb lk qul mchlb kcs h`scs qul talblb qul mchlr. p`frçcg`s vavar csç mcstc tcbt` pufaáslg`s v`kvlr.
B` k`s vlg`s h`b tcbtc nrlhulbhac h`g` c k`s gç`s, plr` c uhmab::  °Suá `hurraø lbt`bhls0 Lstãb cquç, pr`vlbalbtls
 Gabuhmab
 Gab
k`s gç`s tcgp`h` k`s vlg`s flgcsacf` c glbuf`. Lk b` k`s fl f`s ncgakacs fastabtcs, ubaábf`sl y qulralbf` hrlcr cki`
vl5 y` k`s vl` gãs, furcbtl kc slgcbc. pr`pa`, plr` ylbf` c vavar h`b su ncgakac. °Høg` nubha`bø0
 Gab uhmab::  Ls` qualrl flhar qul kc ncgakac fl Lgaky talbl
 Gabuhmab °Fajlr`b qul vavalr`b ckkç furcbtl guhm` talgp`0 °Xlas glsls0
gãs rlkcha`bls h`b su ncgakac qul kc fl Gcre. °Lrc aiuck ck Xló`rc Yciblr:  Huctr` glsls. _albs` qul gl g`klstø cki`
h`galbz`, cbtls flk bchagalbt` fl V`ggy0
6<
66

b` tlblr ga pr`pa` flpcrtcglbt` y t`f` ls`5 gl pcrlhçc qul Xló`rc Yciblr:  _lr` sl gcbtlbçc hckkcf`.
b` p`fçc, qul rlckglbtl b` p`fçc slr ubc lsp`sc.  Gabuhmab::  Lrc ubc n`rgc fl t`gcr pcrtaf`. Xcdl, p`rquá,
 Gabuhmab
 Gabuhmab::  °_`r quá b` p`fçc slr ubc lsp`sc0
 Gabuhmab °b` lsplrcdc ustlf qul sl pusalsl fl pcrtl suyc0
Xló`rc Yciblr:  @m, b` k` pulf` lxpkahcr, lrc søk` ubc Xló`rc Yciblr:  Xç, plr`‖.
slbschaøb qul tlbçc h`g` gujlr. uhmab::  Lbt`bhls, sa b` k` mchçc, sl p`bçc flk `tr` kcf`.
 Gabuhmab
 Gab
Xló`r Yciblr: B`, hrl` qul quazã pulf` flhar cki` chlrhc Xló`rc Yciblr: _lr` sa mudalsl cdalrt` kc d`hc sl mcdrçcb
fl lst`. Lrc lk rlslbtagalbt` fl su pcfrl. Xu pcfrl ls ub pkcbtlcf` guhm`s pr`dklgcs.
p`h` lk tap` ck qul kl iustc mchlr abfahcha`bls plrlbt`racs uhmab:: Xa b` ctchcdc c su gcfrl hucbf` ustlf k` mchçc,
 Gabuhmab
 Gab
chlrhc flk g`f` fl chtucr lb rlkchaøb h`b t`f`. @dslrvá qul lbt`bhls sl p`bçc flk kcf` fl su gcfrl, cubqul b` mahalsl
p`fçc chlptcrkcs ` rlhmczcrkcs y qul ls` b` k` plrturdcdc, csç, bcfc.
lb k` qul gl h`bhlrbçc, b` gl prl`hupá flgcsacf`. _lr` lkkc, Xló`r  Yciblr:   \gg, mug.
fldaf` c sus slbtagalbt`s lg`tav`s mchac su pcfrl, t`fc su
ilrlbhac qul ák mchçc kc rlhmczcdc p`r h`gpklt` y slbtçc qul Kc ubaøb fl f`s plrs`bcs h`b kc abtlbhaøb fl n`rgcr ubc
ák kl mchçc plrpltucglbtl abfahcha`bls, cquç, ckkç, lb t`fcs ncgakac, h`bstatuyl lk h`galbz` n`rgck fl ubc bulvc ubafcf
pcrtls. ncgakacr. _lr` lbtrl kc abahachaøb n`rgck fl ubc ncgakac y kc
hrlchaøb fl ubc ubafcf vacdkl mcy ub ircb trlhm`. \bc fl
 Gab uhmab::  Dulb`, vlcg`s sa lbtalbf` k` qul Gcre faj` lb
 Gabuhmab kcs tcrlcs qul lbnrlbtc kc bulvc pcrljc ls kc bli`hachaøb fl
n`rgc fastabtc. Gl pcrlhl qul ustlfls sl hcscr`b y ustlf su rlkchaøb h`b kc ncgakac flk høbyuil. Cflgãs, hcfc ncgakac
(faraiaábf`sl c kc lsp`sc) qulrçc slpcrcrsl fl kc ncgakac. \s fl `railb fldl cfcptcrsl c kc slpcrchaøb ` slpcrchaøb pcrhack
tlf qulrçc hrlcr ubc nr`btlrc y lsplrcdc qul ák kc cyufcsl fá ub` fl sus galgdr`s, kc abhkusaøb fl ub bulv` galgdr`
c hrlcrkc. _lr` vavalr`b lb su hcsc y Gcre sl kklvcdc dalb y kc csagakchaøb flk sudsastlgc flk høbyuil lb lk gcrh` flk
h`b sus pcfrls. °K` cyufø ák c n`rtcklhlr k`s kçgatls ckrlflf`r nubha`bcgalbt` flk sastlgc ncgakacr. Xa kcs lstruhturcs fl kcs
suy` h`g` lsp`sc, ` chcs` sl h`bvartaø lb ub maj` fl sus ncgakacs fl `railb, abstcurcfcs flsfl mchl guhm` talgp` b`
pcfrls0 sl g`fanahcb, ls p`sadkl qul kkliulb c cglbczcr lk pr`hls` fl
Xló`rc Yciblr: B` sá sa pulf` h`btlstcrkl. h`bstatuhaøb fl ubc bulvc ubafcf.
uhmab::  °Kl g`klstcdc c ustlf hucbf` su lsp`s` h`bnrc
 Gabuhmab
 Gab
tlrbazcdc h`b su pcfrl galbtrcs ustlf lstcdc lb`jcfc h`b uhmab::  °Høg` nul rlckglbtl0 °H`b quaáb tlbçc kcs fas
 Gabuhmab
 Gab
ástl0 °Hucbf` h`bnrctlrbazcdc h`b su gcfrl galbtrcs ustlf husa`bls, h`b su pcfrl ` h`b su gcfrl0
lstcdc lb`jcfc h`b lkkc0 Xló`rc  Yciblr:  Ga gcfrl‖¡b`! B` sá. B` pulf` ch`r
Xló`rc Yciblr: B`, ák bubhc t`gcdc pcrtaf`, p`r k` qul‖ fcrgl.
uhmab::  Ls agp`sadkl.
 Gabuhmab
 Gab Xló`r Yciblr:  Vu pcfrl c trcvás fl tu gcfrl.
Xló`rc Yciblr: B` k` mchçc ‖ bubhc vlbçc c flhargl "lstãs Xló`rc Yciblr:  °Lrc csç0 B` pulf` ch`rfcrgl, nul mchl
lquav`hcfc". Q p`r k` ilblrck kc qul k` lstcdc lrc y`, b` tcbt` talgp`.
ga ncgakac.  Gabuhmab::  Lk faj` "tu pcfrl c trcvás fl tu gcfrl". Ls ubc
 Gabuhmab
uhmab::  Nçjlsl, sa ák b` t`gcdc pcrtaf`, lstcdc t`gcbf`
 Gabuhmab
 Gab kabfc gcblrc fl flhark`. °Ls csç høg` nubha`bc0
pcrtaf`. Xló`r Yciblr:  B` lstã t`tckglbtl rlkcha`bcf` h`b su gc-

6> 69
 

frl ba h`b su pcfrl5 ubc pcrtl flk pr`dklgc lrc y`. Xalgprl fançhak p`sahaøb fl tlblr qul lkliar lbtrl su lsp`sc y su sul
gl pcrlhaø qul ga sulirc y y`, lb halrt` g`f`, árcg`s ubc irc. Kc satuchaøb qul k`s Yciblr flshradlb ls ub pr`dklgc fl
z`bc tcgpøb
tcgpøb lbtrl lkk`s. Xalgprl gl pcrlhaø qul sa h`bsaflr
h`bsaflrcdc
cdc "kçgatls" ‖ub pr`dklgc fl bli`hacr rlikcs cflhucfcs pcrc
qul ga lsp`sc lstcdc lquav`hcfc, p`fçc flhçrslk`, y sa lstcdc kc n`rgchaøb fl bulv`s sudsastlgcs. Vcgdaáb ls ub pr`dkl
t`tckglbtl lquav`hcfc, farçc "lstãs lquav`hcfc", plr` bubhc gc `raiabcf` lb lk gcbtlbagalbt` abcflhucf` fl pcutcs fl
gl pcrlhaø qul lstcdc t`tckglbtl lquav`hcfc. Ls p`sadkl qul rlkchaøb.
gl mcyc pcrlhaf` qul lstcdc lquav`hcfc lb k` qul mchçc,
plr` qul fldçc mcdlr ckiubc rczøb pcrc lkk`, p`r k` glb`s  Gabuhmab::  °Huãk ls su b`gdrl0
 Gabuhmab
lb k` qul c gç rlsplhtc. Xló`rc Yciblr:  Lgaky.
uhmab::  °Gcre ls salgprl slbsct`0
 Gabuhmab
 Gab uhmab::  Lgaky. Dalb, ga b`gdrl ls Xck. °Suá tap` fl
 Gabuhmab
 Gab
Xló`rc Yciblr:  \ggg, mugggg. ncgakac ls kc suyc0 Suazã pulfc flshradar c su ncgakac. Q Gcre
uhmab::  Dulb`, ls` fldl slr guy f`k`r`s`.
 Gabuhmab
 Gab pulfl cyufcrkc, plr` søk` sa ustlf k` blhlsatc. °Fl chulrf`0
Xló`rc Yciblr:  C vlhls. Ls guy slbsct` y y` s`y guy Lgpalhl ustlf, y sa k` blhlsatc c ustlf, Gcre, sl k` plfarã.
akøiahc. X`g`s tcb fanlrlbtls h`g` lk fçc y kc b`hml. Xló`rc Yciblr: Dulb`, tlbi` ub mlrgcb`, h`b lk qul b`
uhmab::  Csç qul lb lsc áp`hc ustlf qulrçc slr ubc ls
 Gabuhmab
 Gab mcdkcdc mcstc mchl ckrlflf`r fl trls có`s. _lklãdcg`s h`g`
p`sc y sliuçc salbf` ubc majc. plrr` y ict`. Q` tlbçc ubc rlkchaøb guy çbtagc h`b ga gcfrl.
Xló`rc Yciblr-,   Csa ls. Ga pcfrl,
b`s b` k` pufl s`p`rtcr mcstc qul gl hcsá. Q gãs ` gl
saiul aiuck.
uhmab::  Q lkk`s b` gcfurcr`b. Xus pcfrls b` gcfurcr`b.
 Gabuhmab
 Gab
Xló`rc Yciblr:  B` gas‖b`, b` farçc qul gas pcfrls, farçc  Gab uhmab::  B` pcrlhl mcdlr guhmc h`gubahchaøb.
 Gabuhmab
qul nua y` kc qul b` gcfurá. Xló`rc  Yciblr:  B`, plr` lxastl ubc t`tckafcf, lxastl ubc
uhmab:: B`, lkk`s tcgp`h` hrlhalr`b.
 Gabuhmab
 Gab halrtc h`gubahchaøb, scdl, y ubc halrtc lstcdakafcf.
Xló`rc Yciblr-. Hrl` qul fashrlp` h`b ustlf.  Gab uhmab::  °Kc h`btr`kcdcb guhm`0 °Xl prl`hupcdcb p`r k`
 Gabuhmab
uhmab::  Xaiualr`b trctãbf`kc c ustlf h`g` ubc majc hucb
 Gabuhmab
 Gab qul mchçc0
f` yc lrc ubc lsp`sc. Xló`rc Yciblr:  Dulb`, ga pcfrl sç, ga gcfrl b`. Ga gc
Xló`rc Yciblr: _ulfl slr, hrl` qul ls csç. frl lrc guy abfukilbtl. Ch`stugdrcdc c pr`tlilrgl p`r kcs
h`scs qul y` mchçc gck.
uhmab::  °Xcdl0 Ls` qualrl flhar qul b` gcfurcr`b. Lb
 Gabuhmab
 Gab
k` qul c ustlf rlsplhtc, nrlbtl c kc bulvc satuchaøb, kc saiual  Gab uhmab::  \gg. Csa, mcdçc cki` lbtrl ustlf, su pcfrl y
 Gabuhmab
r`b trctcbf` h`g` ubc majc hucbf` ustlf yc mcdçc hcgdacf`. su gcfrl lb k` qul ustlf p`fçc g`vlr ck ub` h`btrc lk `tr`.
Lrc ubc majc, plr` lrc ubc lsp`sc. Xló`rc Yciblr:  Dulb`, plr` y` ‖ lgplhá c nugcr c k`s
trlhl. B` tuvl plrgas` fl ga pcfrl pcrc mchlrk` mcstc qul
K`s pcfrls fl kc sló`rc Yciblr lrcb abhcpchls fl hcgdacr hugpkç falhasáas, plr` p`fçc nugcr flkcbtl fl ga gcfrl.
pcrc cfcptcrsl c kcs bulvcs harhubstcbhacs. Lb kuicr fl cprlb Hucbf` ák b` lstcdc, kklbcdc kc hcsc fl mug`.
flr c trctcrkc h`g` ubc lsp`sc, h`gpr`gltafc lb kc n`rgc uhmab::  Lrc h`g` ub traãbiuk`.
 Gabuhmab
 Gab
haøb fl ubc bulvc ubafcf s`hack, saiualr`b trctãbf`kc nubfc Xló`rc Yciblr:  X`kçc mchlrgl kc lbnlrgc, scdl, qulfcrgl
glbtckglbtl h`g` su majc, udahcbf` c su bulv` lsp`s` lb kc lb hcsc y b` ar c kc lshulkc, y lkkc scdac qul b` lstcdc lbnlrgc

6= 61

flspuás fl gãs ` glb`s kcs =.3<, y gl lbhudrçc pcrc qul pu tap` fl ncgakac lrc0 Sualr` qul lbtalbfcb k` qul lst`y trc
falsl qulfcrgl lk rlst` flk fçc. tcbf` fl mchlr. Sualr` h`b`hlr ckiubcs fl kcs h`scs qul tu
Xló`r Yciblr:  @m, cki` gãs qul ls`. valr`b qul hrlcr pcrc slpcrcrsl fl sus ncgakacs fl `railb.
 Gab uhmab::  Lsplrl ub p`h`. Lkkc lstã flshradalbf` c su nc
 Gabuhmab Xló`r  Yciblr:  Dulb`, pulf` lgplzcr h`b kcs fanlrlbhacs
gakac y ls lkkc kc qul talbl qul prliubtcrkl. lbtrl kcs f`s. Ga ncgakac, lb h`btrcp`sahaøb, ls guy ubafc.
Xló`rc Yciblr:'   Lk qualrl gltlr sus h`scs. _ulfl fldlrsl ck mlhm` qul gas pcfrls lrcb guy ubaf`s.
Xló`r Yciblr:  H`g` ljlgpk`, gãs tcrfl, hucbf` b`s h` uhmab::  °Huãbt`s mlrgcb`s talbl0
 Gabuhmab
 Gab
b`hag`s, sa b`s qulfãdcg`s cnulrc mcstc kcs 4 ø 8 fl kc gc
Xló`r Yciblr:  \b mlrgcb` gcy`r y ubc mlrgcbc glb`r.
ócbc, sa pcpã sl lbtlrcdc, dulb`, mcdrçc mcdaf` kç`, plr`
Xalgprl mahag`s h`scs jubt`s, h`b guy p`hc fash`rfac ` plklc
bubhc k` sup`.
fl lstc bcturcklzc lb lk slb` fl kc ncgakac.
Xló`rc Yciblr: Vu gcfrl y tu pcfrl tcgp`h` k` supalr`b.
Xló`r Yciblr:  B`, plr` b` sl prl`hupcdcb, lsc ls kc fa Xló`rc Yciblr:  _albs` qul tl lquav`hcs cquç. Xcdls, tu
nlrlbhac. gcfrl.
uhmab::  Lb su ncgakac, cki` `hurrçc lbtrl su pcfrl y su
 Gabuhmab
 Gab uhmab::  Lsplrl ub g`glbt`, °flslc qul lkkc abtlrvlbic0
 Gabuhmab
 Gab
gcfrl lb k` qul ustlf t`gø pcrtaf` p`r su gcfrl. Xló`r Yciblr:  Xç, lstã dalb.
Xló`rc Yciblr:  Tlhulrf` ub abhaflbtl, b` sá k` qul nul, Xló`rc Yciblr: Vú y tu gcfrl talblb guhm` h`btcht`, plr`
ga pcfrl sl pus` nura`s` p`r cki`. Q` lrc, scdl, flshcrcfc, tu pcfrl ls ub galgdr` lxhkuaf`.
tlbçc ubc klbiuc tlrradkl y b` gl huafcdc fl gcbfcrk` c pc Xló`r Yciblr:  Xç, lb halrt` slbtaf` ls h`g` ub rlhaáb kkl
sl`. Fldçc tlblr quabhl, b` sá saqualrc quá mcdçc mlhm` qul icf`. Ga gcfrl lrc kc cbt`rhmc iuçc fl kc ncgakac.
k` pus` nura`s`, plr` sá qul b` gl mcdkcdc p`rqul lstcdc uhmab::  °Cbt`rhmc ircbfl ` plqulóc0
 Gabuhmab
 Gab
nura`s` p`r cki` qul y` mcdçc mlhm`, y ga gcfrl gl fljø sckar Xló`r Yciblr: \bc plqulóc cbt`rhmc, csç fl ircbfl   (rascs).
p`rqul b` lstcdc fl chulrf` h`b su tl`rçc, y ák b` kl mcdkø  Gabuhmab
 Gab °_lt``  su pcfrl lstcdc cnulrc0
uhmab:: °_lt
p`r lk rlst` flk fçc, tcb lxcsplrcf` lstcdc. Sualr` flhar qul Xló`rc  Yciblr:  Xu pcfrl b` tlbçc bcfc qul vlr h`b kc
ástl lrc lk tap` fl satuchaøb, cplbcs ub abhaflbtl. ncgakac, rlckglbtl. Xu gcfrl lrc kc iuçc5 qualr` flhar qul lrc
 Gab uhmab:: Csa, su gcfrl plklcdc h`b su pcfrl c trcvás suy`.
 Gabuhmab lkkc qualb t`gcdc kcs flhasa`bls5 mchçc t`f` pcrc k`s baó`s.
Xló`rc Yciblr: _r`dcdklglbtl, sç. Cm, b` pulf` ch`rfcrgl Xló`r Yciblr:  Xl `hupcdc fl gas r`pcs y fl ga vafc s`hack
fl qul ga pcfrl gl mcyc plicf` mcstc qul tuvl hlrhc fl y fl t`f`. Ls halrt`. @ nul ‖mc saf`‖ halrt`. Xab lbtrcr guy
quabhl, y lbt`bhls k` maz`. _albs` qul gl pliø ubc vlz. lb fltckkl, kc úbahc plrs`bc qul quazã b` lstcdc tcb hlrhc,
Gl i`kplø ub pcr fl vlhls, nul k` qul maz`5 b` kl mcdká. Q b` tcb hlrhc, lrc ga pcfrl. Lrc kc úbahc plrs`bc qul quazãs
kl faj` c su mlrgcb` qul‖y` lrc guy crr`icbtl. B` k` rls lrc cki` fanlrlbtl lb lk slbtaf` fl qul b` n`rgcdc pcrtl fl
pltcdc. kc ubafcf. Lb kc chtuckafcf, sab lgdcri`, t`fc kc satuchaøb
 Gab uhmab:: Sualr` akustrcrk`s chlrhc flk g`f` lb qul sl flslb
 Gabuhmab sl mc g`fanahcf`. Lb lsc áp`hc, sab lgdcri`, lrc ub lxtrcó`.
vulkvl ubc ncgakac, csç qul lgplzcg`s h`b su ncgakac, y k` B` mcdac guhmc plklc p`rqul lb halrt` g`f` abtlbtãdcg`s
qul gl pcrlhl ls ub traãbiuk` lb lk qul su gcfrl n`glbtcdc lvatcrb`s.
su lb`j` h`btrc su pcfrl. ^lcg`s c su ncgakac, Gcre. °Suá uhmab::  \stlf y su pcfrl.
 Gabuhmab
 Gab
<?
<3

Xló`r Yciblr:  Xa, y` abtlbtcd


abtlbtcdcc lvatcrk`. Lb rlcka
rlckafcf
fcf mchçc uhmab: Dulb`, lbt`bhls, sl ubalr`b °y quá `hurraø0 Vu
 Gabuhmab:
 Gab
k` gasg` h`b lk pcfrl fl lkkc sa fashrlpcdc h`b ák. valr`b qul hrlcr sus pr`pacs rlikcs. °H`g` nul ls`0
hmab: °Xa fashrlpcdc k` lvatcdc0
 Gabuhmab:
 Gabu
Hucbf` ubc pcrljc sl ubl, hcfc ub` fl sus galgdr`s ls
Xló`r Yciblr: Xa fashrlpcdc h`b ák, k` lvatcdc, p`r csç fl plrc qul kcs chtatufls flk høbyuil csugarãb kcs n`rgcs c kcs
hark`. Mchçc hcs` `gas` fl su flsl` sa plbscdc qul b` lstcdc qul lstã mcdatucf`. Hcfc høbyuil abtlbtcrã qul lk `tr` csugc
dalb. Xa plbscdc qul lstcdc dalb k` chctcdc, ga gcfrl, fl kcs chtatufls qul h`b`hl ` qul prlnalrl l abhatcrã ck `tr` c
t`f`s g`f`s, salgprl k` cp`ycdc. mchlrk`. \b halrt` búglr` fl chulrf`s s`b p`sadkls. Hcfc
 Gab uhmab:  °Xu gcfrl k` cp`ycdc0
 Gabuhmab: høbyuil tlbfrã ãrlcs lb kcs qul b` slrã nklxadkl. Lb `trcs
Xló`r Yciblr:  Xç, farçc qul k` rlspckfcdc lb guhmcs fl ãrlcs, ls p`sadkl qul sl lkajcb n`rgcs cktlrbctavcs fl rlkchaøb
hasa`bls lrrøblcs ‖ rlckglbtl chtucdc fl lsl g`f`. Xa lstcdc lb rlspulstc c kcs prlnlrlbhacs flk `tr`. Hcfc høbyuil h`b
guy nulrc fl kuicr, salgprl rcha`bckazcdc lb ncv`r fl ák, l ab nargcrã lb ckiubcs harhubstcbhacs c su lsp`s` y k` flshckanahcrã
tlbtcdc mchlrb`s h`gprlbflr kcs hcuscs. lb `trcs. C glfafc qul sl ch`g`fcb y sl csagakcb c kcs prl
Hcfc høbyuil mc flshrapt` csç lk nubha`bcgalbt` flk sud nlrlbhacs flk `tr`, ckiubcs h`bfuhtcs s`b rln`rzcfcs y `trcs
sastlgc pcrlbtck lb hcfc ncgakac fl `railb. Lk sudsastlgc pc- flshcrtcfcs. Fl lsl g`f`, sl h`bstatuyl ub bulv` sastlgc
ncgakacr.
rlbtck ls kc ubafcf fl kc ncgakac s`drl kc qul rlhcl kc rlsp`b
scdakafcf lb kc iuçc
Lb kc ncgakac fl y`railb
ckaglbtchaøb
fl Lgakyfl Yciblr,
k`s baó`s.lk sudsastlgc  Gab uhmab:  °Høg` nulr`b k`s praglr`s có`s0 °Suá `hurraø
 Gabuhmab:
lk praglr có` fl gctrag`ba`0
pcrlbtck lrc kc b`rgc fl hkcsl glfac, ubc pcrljc fl lsp`s` Xló`rc  Yciblr:  Nul ub flscstrl.
y lsp`sc. _lr` k`s h`bnkaht`s lbtrl cgd`s sl lspcrhçcb mcstc lk uhmab:  Lk kc fljc c ustlf flhar kc h`sc cnlhtavc. Csç,
 Gabuhmab:
 Gab
ãrlc fl kc majc, Kc cut`rafcf pcrlbtck lstcdc favafafc, y hcfc ustlf fahl qul nul ub flscstrl. °Høg` nul pcrc ustlf, Gcre0
pcfrl ctchcdc ck `tr` c trcvás fl su majc. Kc gcfrl kc cklbtcdc Xló`r  Yciblr:  Mcstc halrt` pubt`, nul ubc flsakusaøb, p`r
pcrc qul fls`dlflhalsl ck pcfrl5 lk pcfrl kc cirlfçc hucbf` qul ‖ba gãs ba glb`s fl k` quá lsplrcdc, lb halrt` g`f`.
lstcdc lb`jcf` h`b su lsp`sc. Lb kc ncgakac fl `railb fl Gcre  Gab uhmab::  @m.
 Gabuhmab
Yciblr k`s pcfrls mcdçcb rlckazcf` ubc fastraduhaøb fl kcs Xló`r  Yciblr:  Xç, csç nul. _`rqul scdçc, hucbf` b`s hcsc
nubha`bls. Kc gcfrl sl `hupcdc fl kc gcy`r pcrtl fl kcs g`s, qul b` p`fçcg`s h`gprcr ubc hcsc.
tcrlcs rlkcha`bcfcs h`b kc lfuhchaøb y lk pcfrl lrc gãs dalb  Gab uhmab:: Xç, plr` ást` b` ls bcfc. Lstl b` ls lk g`f` lb
 Gabuhmab
plranárah`. _lr` k`s baó`s slbtçcb c su gcfrl h`g` rlprl qul... lb qul ustlf sabtaø...
slbtcbtl fl kc cut`rafcf flk pcfrl. Xló`r Yciblr:  Gl gltç lb llst` st` lb n`rgc cki` gãs r`gãb
r`gãb
tahc. Lstcdc sliur` fl qul slrçc suplrcf` nãhakglbtl.
uhmab::  Csç, kklicr`b c flscrr`kkcr ubc ncgakac y hcfc
 Gabuhmab
 Gab uhmab:: °Xalgprl fahl ák kcs h`scs c glfacs0 \stlf faj`
 Gabuhmab
 Gab
ub` fl ustlfls tlbçc ub g`flk` chlrhc fl høg` mcdkcr. Lb qul nul ub flscstrl y ák rlsp`bfaø h`b su køiahc.
talbflb, Gcre cprlbfaø ckiubcs rlikcs, y Lgaky `trcs, y cpc Xló`rc  Yciblr:  Ls køiah` lb t`f`. Tcha`bckazc k` qul y`
rlbtlglbtl lstcs rlikcs lrcb fanlrlbtls. lstcdc fahalbf`, cubqul ls p`sadkl qul rlckglbtl b` k` salb
Xló`r Yciblr:  Csç ls. tc csç.

<4 <8

 Gabuhmab::  _r`dcdklglbtl, cgd`s qualrlb flhar k` gasg`.


 Gabuhmab Xló`rc Yciblr:  °Úbahc0 _lb _lbsá
sá qul lrc m`rradkl.
X`b søk` n`rgcs fanlrlbtls fl flhar lxchtcglbtl k` gasg`. °Xc  Gabuhmab::  Dalb, °quá `hurraø lbt`bhls0 Lk ‖°quá lstufac
 Gabuhmab
dl k` qul farçc sa trcfujlsl k` qul ák faj` c su klbiucjl0 dc ustlf0
Xló`rc Yciblr:  °Suá0 Xló`r Yciblr: Da`k`içc y h`glrha`. Lb ub praglr g`glbt`
uhmab::  Sul nul ub flscstrl. °Sualrl flhar høg` nul `
 Gabuhmab
 Gab da`k`içc.
uhmab:: °Føbfl0
 Gabuhmab
 Gab
qualrl qul
Xló`rc k` faic  B`,
 Yciblr: Gcre0
scdlg`s høg` cplstcdc   (rascs).  _`bic Xló`r Yciblr:  Lb lk Haty H`kklil, Ecbscs.
c f`s plrs`bcs abgcfurcs jubtcs lb ubc mcdatchaøb y bcturck  Gab uhmab::  Dalb, °quá `hurraø lbt`bhls0 Lk sl ckljcdc y sl
 Gabuhmab
glbtl vc c slr ub flscstrl. gltçc lb sus kadr`s.
uhmab:: _lr` fl fanlrlbtls gcblrcs.
 Gabuhmab
 Gab Xló`rc Yciblr:   Csç ls.
Xló`rc Yciblr:  Dulb`, ák lrc lstufacbtl, csç, hucbf` kcs  Gab uhmab::  Q ustlf b` tlbçc bcfc qul mchlr.
 Gabuhmab
h`scs adcb gck p`fçc gltlrsl lb sus kadr`s. Q ák rlckglbtl kl Xló`rc Yciblr:  Gl slbtcdc cmç y mcdkcdc.
gltçc fur` y pcrlj`, y hucbf` kcs h`scs adcb gck, y y` gl  Gab uhmab:: °_`fçc schcrk` fl k`s kadr`s0 °_`fçc mcdkcr h`b ák0
 Gabuhmab
qulfcdc slbtcfc cmç gchmchcbf` s`drl ák y mchalbf` ubc Xló`rc Yciblr: Xa k` mudalsl lbk`qulhaf` k` sunahalbtl, gl
g`btcóc fl kcs h`scs, abnkãbf`kcs nulrc fl pr`p`rhaøb y hrl` mcdrçc rlpkahcf`, plr` ls hckg` y cbtls fl plrflr rlckglbtl lk
qul sa b` mudalsl tlbaf` c V`ggy pr`dcdklglbtl k` mudalsl h`btr`k talbl qul ckhcbzcr lk pubt` fl mlrv`r.
fljcf` flspuás flk praglr gls fl hcscgalbt`. Xló`r Yciblr:  Lgaky, palbs` qul k` lstãs lbtlbfalbf` gck
uhmab:: °Suaáb0
 Gabuhmab
 Gab (faraiaábf`sl c Gabuhmab). _albs`, qul lstã mcdkcbf` chlrhc
Xló`rc Yciblr:  V`ggy, ga maj`. Xa b` k` mudalsl tlbaf`, fl bulstrc hcpchafcf fl h`gubahcrb`s.
pr`dcdklglbtl mudalsl mlhm` kcs vckajcs y gl mudalsl af`  Gab uhmab::  Lst`y mcdkcbf` fl høg` lrc ub flscstrl.
 Gabuhmab
h`rralbf` c hcsc fl ga gcfrl flspuás fl lstcr ub gls h`b Xló`r  Yciblr:  Lsl lrc lk pr`dklgc nubfcglbtck, h`guba
ák c s`kcs. Farçc lk sliubf` gls. Lk praglr gls nul dalb5 hchaøb.
t`fcvçc. Xló`rc Yciblr:  B` B ` b`s
b`s h`gubahãdcg`s.
uhmab::  B`, plr` ustlf faj` qul k`s praglr`s huctr`
 Gabuhmab
 Gab Xló`r Yciblr:  Mcdçc fanlrlbhacs fl `pabaøb guy slracs
glsls ustlf‖. (rascs)  s`drl guhmcs h`scs, ubc fl kcs huãkls lrc vavar lb
Xló`rc Yciblr:  @m, ls hucbf` b`s gufcg`s. Ecbscs, cm, lb ub praglr g`glbt` k` fltlstcdcs.

huctr` glsls:  Lstã


 Gabuhmab
 Gab uhmab: nul ubdalb, ls` qualrl
flscstrl flhar
lb halrt` g`f`quly k`s praglr`s
kuli` Ap nul Xló`rc
slg`s k`s  f`s
Yciblr:
vavaf`, _albs` qul lbcó`s
praglr`s huckqualr
y glfa`kuicr qul mudaá
mudalslb saf`
lb n`rgc fanlrlbtl. k` gasg`.
Xló`rc  Yciblr:  Csç ls. Nul ub flscstrl furcbtl f`s có`s Xló`r Yciblr:  Dulb`, pr`dcdklglbtl lsc lrc kc gcblrc
y glfa`. tuyc fl lxprlscrk`, c trcvás fl Ecbscs. C lkkc b` kl iustcdc
Xló`r Yciblr:  Vuv` gãs cktadcj`s. høg` vavçcg`s5 b` kl agp`rtcdc qul y` nulsl c kc ubavlrsa
Xló`rc Yciblr:  Vuv` gãs dcj`s qul ckt`s. fcf5 qulrçc ub p`h` gãs ck h`galbz`, hrl`.
uhmab::  Q pr`dcdklglbtl ustlf plbsø qul lrc ubc sa
 Gabuhmab
 Gab Xló`rc Yciblr:  B` b`s h`gubahãdcg`s pcrc bcfc. Fu
tuchaøb úbahc. rcbtl f`s có`s b` lxastaø babiubc h`gubahchaøb lbtrl b`s`tr`s.
<6 <<

Flspuás fl kc lgdlstafc, scdl, "tl `fa`" y "tl `fa`" ‖lsl r`b c Ecbscs. Q ckkç b` lrc yc ubc majc, p`rqul sus pcfrls
lrc lk bavlk fl bulstrc h`gubahchaøb. Nabckglbtl kklicg`s b` lstcdcb ckkç5 b` lrc ubc lstufacbtl, b` trcdcjcdc, plr` fl
mcstc ub pubt` lb lk qul b`s `faãdcg`s gutucglbtl flspuás ub g`f` u `tr` b` lrc ubc lsp`sc.
fl ub rct`. Xló`rc Yciblr: Hrl` qul talbl rczøb, sa.
Xló`r Yciblr:   @ hrlçg`s qul csç lrc.
\b gctrag`ba` fldl sustatuar fltlrgabcfcs fasp`saha`bls s`
Xló`rc Yciblr:  °Xcdl k` qul suhlfçc0 Lk tlbçc ub lshcpl
hackls qul mcb saf` cdcbf`bcfcs pcrc kc n`rgchaøb fl kc bul
y y` b` tlbçc babiubc gcblrc fl lshcpcrgl, csç qul gl qul
vc ubafcf. Kc hrlchaøb fl ub bulv` sastlgc s`hack saibanahc
fcdc slbtcfc ckkç.
kc hrlchaøb ` h`bs`kafchaøb fl ub kçgatl ckrlflf`r fl kc pc
uhmab:: _`r supulst`. Tlckglbtl, ák b` hcgdaø guhm` su
 Gabuhmab
 Gab
rljc. Xl vlb slpcrcf`s fl fltlrgabcf`s h`btcht`s y chtavafc
gcblrc fl vavar. Cbtls lrc ub lstufacbtl, y flspuás tcgdaáb.
fls cbtlra`rls. Kc abvlrsaøb lb lk gctrag`ba` sl `dtalbl c lx
°Fl quá gcblrc hcgdaø su vafc0
plbscs fl `trcs rlkcha`bls.
Xló`rc Yciblr:  Lb bcfc, sckv` qul ubc talbl qul lsplrcr
Lk ircf` fl abvlrsaøb lb lk gctrag`ba` pulfl flplbflr fl
ub dldá y kuli` tlblrk` y huafcrk`.
uhmab::  °Suá mchçc cbtls flk gctrag`ba`0
 Gabuhmab
 Gab
huãbt` mc saf` k` qul sl cdcbf`bø. Gcre Yciblr saiuaø
Xló`rc  Yciblr:  Lrc lstufacbtl, y flspuás trcdcjá furcbtl rlckazcbf` kc gasgc tcrlc, kc fl lstufacr, hucbf` nulr`b c
ub talgp`. Ecbscs. Lkkc, p`r su pcrtl, sl va` cgputcfc fl su vafc cbtl
ra`r, fl g`f` tck qul kl plfçc c kc rlkchaøb guhm` gãs fl
 Gab uhmab:: Lbt`bhls, lk lstak` fl vafc fl Gcre b` nul plr
 Gabuhmab k` qul kl plfçc Gcre.
turdcf` p`r lk gctrag`ba` y lk suy` sç.
Xló`rc  Yciblr:  _lrføblgl, kl paf` fashukpcs, b` lbtlbfç  Gabuhmab:  Cm`rc, °quá maz` pcrc hcgdacr ls`0
 Gabuhmab:
lst`. Xló`rc Yciblr: °Suá qualrl flhar, cm`rc0
uhmab::  Lk gctrag`ba` cktlrø guhm` su lstak` fl vafc.
 Gabuhmab
 Gab uhmab:  B`, lbt`bhls. Gl rlnalr` c qul p`r k` qul vl`
 Gabuhmab:
 Gab
Lk fl ák b`. pcrc Gcre nul gãs nãhak hcscrsl sab hcgdacr rlckglbtl guhm`
Xló`rc Yciblr:  Halrt`, hrl` qul ls csç5 palbs` qul talbl lb rlkchaøb h`b su vafc cbtlra`r. _lr` pcrc ustlf nul guy
rczøb. fanlrlbtl. Flplbfçc fl ustlf, lbt`bhls, lk abtlbtcr hcgdacrk`,
hmab: Q lbt`bhls ustlf qulrçc cki` gãs fl ák.
 Gabuhmab:
 Gabu pulst` qul ák lstcdc høg`f`. °Suá maz` ustlf0
Xló`rc Yciblr:  Xa, p`rqul ák sliuçc h`b kc gasgc rutabc Xló`rc Yciblr:  °Suá mahl0
qul tlbac cbtls flk gctrag`ba`. uhmab:  Xa, h`g` °høg` k` schufaø0 H`gprlbfl, ák ls
 Gabuhmab:
 Gab
uhmab:  B` cfgatçc qul lstcdc hcscf`.
 Gabuhmab:
 Gab tcdc f`rgaf`.
Xló`rc Yciblr: Hrl` qul k` cfgatçc, dulb`, k` mchçc mcstc Xló`rc Yciblr:  @m, b` sá, b` pu pulf`
lf` . . .
halrt` pubt`. ^`kvçc ck m`icr c ub flpcrtcglbt` qul lstcdc  Gab uh mab :  °Høg` k` schufaø lkkc0   (kcric pcusc).
kagpa` y prlpcrcfc kc h`gafc, hrl` qul flspuás qul kkliø V`g Xló`r Yciblr:  \stlf mc vast` søk` ub` fl k`s kcf`s fl kc
gy mud` cki` gãs fl fls`ricbazchaøb   (rascs). mast`rac  (rascs).  Cm, b`, tck h`g` k` vl`, b` abtlbtø rlckglbtl
uhmab:  Dulb`. B` gltcg`s t`fcvçc c V`ggy. \stlfls
 Gabuhmab:
 Gab schufargl. K` qul maz` nul supragar kc h`gubahchaøb, p`r
sl gufcr`b flspuás fl huctr` tlrradkls glsls, hucbf` ustlf h`gpklt`.
lrc t`fcvçc ubc majc salbf` yc ubc lsp`sc5 kuli` sl gufc- Xló`rc Yciblr: \gggg.

<> <9

Xló`r  Yciblr:  Nçjlsl, ba saqualrc p`fç


p`fçcc mcdkcrkl
mcdkcrkl.. B` qul uhmab::  Dulb`, saicg`s h`b lst`. Gl lbtalbflb, sagpkl
 Gabuhmab
 Gab
rçc fashutar bcfc lb cds`kut`. glbtl qualr` flharkls qul k` qul gl lstãb fahalbf` ls guy
Xló`rc Yciblr:  H`bstruç ub ircb gur` c ga ckrlflf`r. mcdatuck, scdlb. Farçc qul pr`dcdklglbtl `dlflhl c kcs kl
uhmab::  Lsc ls ubc n`rgc fl h`gubahcrsl. Kl lstcdc
 Gabuhmab
 Gab yls lstcfçstahcs. _`r supulst`, ls lsplhçnah` lb lk hcs` fl hcfc
fahalbf` c ák... pcrljc. _lr` t`fcs kcs pcrljcs ctrcvalscb satucha`bls sagakc
Xló`rc
 Gab   Yciblr:
 Gabuhmab
uhmab:   Tlvlbtc
:  Dulb`, ...
` hcgdac. rls pr`hls`
lk c ástc. Q ckiub`s
flsfl bubhc,
lk ratl bubhc sl  hcscb
  fu pcsscjl* rlckglbtl.
(rat` fl pcscjl) Csç,
qul
Xló`rc Yciblr:  _lr` hrl` qul lrc y` kc qul tlbçc qul ustlfls tuvalr`b h`b lk julz fl pcz, ` k` qul slc, mcstc lk
hcgdacr. _albs` qul lb halrt` g`f` lrc y` kc qul tlbçc pubt` fl lstcr hcscf`, pulfl lxtlbflrsl rlckglbtl furcbtl
qul hcgdacr. Lrc abgcfurc. Kkliuá ck gctrag`ba` h`b ubc aflc ub kcps` guy pr`k`bicf`. Ckiubcs plrs`bcs sl fav`rhacb sab
lrrøblc... mcdlr lstcf` rlckglbtl hcscfcs.
uhmab::  ¡Lk tcgdaáb lrc abgcfur`k
 Gabuhmab
 Gab Xló`rc Yciblr:  @m, b`s`tr`s tcgdaáb plbscg`s lb lst`,
Xló`rc Yciblr:  Csç ls. Lk tlbçc ... qualr` flhar...
uhmab::  Lk b` lstcdc hcscf`, °k` lbtalbfl0
 Gabuhmab
 Gab Xló`r Yciblr:  Q` h`gprlbfçc, cúb lbt`bhls, qul cki` tl
Xló`rc  Yciblr:  _lr` nçjlsl, b`, b` gl fa hulbtc fl ls` bçc qul hcgdacr, plr` lbt`bhls trctcdc fl rcha`bckazcr, "dul
lb lsl g`glbt`. Xagpklglbtl chlptá t`f` k` qul `hurrçc y b`, °huãk ls lk pr`dklgc0"  (Tascs.)  "Dulb`, arlg`s mcstc lk
gl chusá p`r lkk`... `railb: °huãkls s`b k`s `rçilbls flk pr`dklgc0" Dulb`, `d
uhmab::  °_`r quá0
 Gabuhmab
 Gab vacglbtl, sl rlqualrl ubc halrtc cfcptchaøb fl cgdcs pcrtls.
Xló`rc Yciblr:  _`rqul mcdatuckglbtl y` pr`v`hcdc kcs h`- _crc gç, ls ubc cfcptchaøb guy sagpkl, p`rqul c t`f`.rls
scs, qualr` flhar, ák s`kçc plrgcblhlr trcbquak`, scdl, lshra plht` mud` p`hc g`fanahchaøb, babiúb hcgda`, fl babiubc
dalbf` ub trcdcj` fl cpur` ` cki` csç. gcblrc. Lb su hcs`, scdçc qul sl trctcdc fl ub hcgda` rcfa
uhmab::  Lsl ls su lstak`, su lstak` ls chmahcr k`s pr`dkl
 Gabuhmab
 Gab hck. Gl lbtalbfl, lrc lb rlkchaøb h`b ls` qul lstcdc lquav`
gcs, ustlf lrc kc qul tlbçc qul chtavcr cki` sa qulrçc qul hcf`. Gl gcbtlbçc flgcsacf` lb ga pr`pa` surh`, lb ga
sl mahalsl, plr` ák kc mchac slbtar hukpcdkl. pr`pa` ratg`. Gl tlbac qul gcbtlblr tck h`g` lrc, rlckglbtl
Xló`rc Yciblr:  Q` farçc qul lrc gatcf y gatcf. Q` gl gltaábf`kl fur` y pcrlj`. Lk `dstãhuk` sl lbh`btrcdc ckkç,
mchçc slbtar hukpcdkl y kuli` ák k` chlbtucdc y flhçc: "lrls y rlckglbtl b` abtlbtá flrradcrk`5 y` qulrçc abtlbtcrk`, bcfc
ubc drujc", gl lbtalbfl, rlspckfãbf`gl lb ga n`rgc fl slb `hurrçc,
tlgprcb`y glv`kvçc
tlbçcc qul
ga g`f`
cpkchcrfl` slr, fahalbf`
hucbf` qul tcrfl
kc satuchaøb hcg`
targl.
uhmab::  Gcre, °huãbf` sl hcsø ustlf0 _albs`, Lgaky,
 Gabuhmab
 Gab dal, gl cpkchcrçc, hucbf` b`s guflg`s, hucbf` h`bhkuyc gas
pulst` qul ustlf sl hcsø, qul ustlf rlckglbtl k` blhlsatcdc lstufa`s, lth. Q `hurraø, plr` b` hrl` qul k` mahl p`r lstc
y qul lb ub h`galbz` ustlf lstcdc gãs h`gpr`gltafc qul rczøb pcrtahukcr. Hrl` qul `hurraø p`rqul gcfurá y h`gprlb
ák lb lk gctrag`ba`. fç qul mcdçc guhmcs gãs h`scs abv`kuhrcfcs qul kcs qul y`
Xló`rc Yciblr:  Xç. mcdçc mlhm`.
uhmab::  Lbt`bhls, Gcre, °huãbf` sl hcsø ustlf0
 Gabuhmab
 Gab
Xló`r Yciblr:  Mchl cpr`xagcfcglbtl ub có`  (rascs). * Lb nrcbhás lb lk `raiabck. (B. flk V.
V.))
<= <1

Kc tcrlc fl h`bstatuhaøb fl kc ncgakac Yciblr rlquaraø g`glbt` flk bchagalbt` ák lstuv` guy hlrhcb`5 qualr` flhar,
ub talgp` dcstcbtl pr`k`bicf`, y lkk` sl fldaø, lb pcrtl, c dulb`, lstuv` h`bgai` furcbtl k`s f`k`rls fl pcrt`.
qul kc ncgakac lstcdc abglrsc lb satucha`bls s`hackls qul `ds  Gab uhmab:  °Vuv` ustlf, tuv` ustlf ub pcrt` bcturck0
 Gabuhmab:
tchukazcdcb kc n`rgchaøb fl ubc ubafcf h`byuick lstcdkl. Xló`r Yciblr: B` rlckglbtl, b` lstuvl h`b lkkc lb lk pcrt`.
_raglr` vavalr`b h`b k`s pcfrls fl Lgaky. Lgaky mcdçc saf` Lstuvl h`b lkkc furcbtl k`s f`k`rls flk pcrt` y mcstc lk
pcrtl fl ubc lstruhturc trcbschha`bck fasnubha`bck lb lk gc pcrt`.
trag`ba` fl sus pcfrls. Hucbf` sl hcscr`b, ást`s nulr`b ab  Gab uhmab:  Dulb`, tuv` c V`ggy y b` k` blhlsatcdc c us
 Gabuhmab:
hcpchls fl rlbubhacr c lkkc l, abhkus`, abh`rp`rcr`b ck gcraf` c tlf, °quá kl suhlfaø lbt`bhls c ustlf0
sus pr`pacs pcutcs. Gcre y Lgaky nulr`b abhcpchls fl cp`ycrsl Xló`rc  Yciblr:  Bcfc. Xaiuaø lstufacbf`.
gutucglbtl pcrc h`bs`kafcr kc nr`btlrc lbtrl lkk`s y k`s pc Xló`r  Yciblr:  Bcfc rlckglbtl hcgdaø. Lb halrt` slbtaf`,
frls fl Lgaky. Hucbf` sl gufcr`b, kcs blhlsafcfls fl Gcre c gç...
h`g` lstufacbtl y h`g` lk qul pcrhackglbtl icbcdc k` blhl Xló`rc Yciblr:  Nul c k`s hurs`s kc gasgc b`hml flk fçc
scra` pcrc gcbtlblrsl k` suglrialr`b, fljãbf`kl lshcsc hc lb qul su maj` bchaø fl gcócbc. Nul c hkcsl cubqul b` fur
pchafcf pcrc ub h`gpr`gas` lg`ha`bck saibanahctav` h`b su gaø lb t`fc kc b`hml.
gujlr. Kcs p`sadakafcfls fl ub cp`y` gutu` sl valr`b cbukc uhmab: @m. °Suá `hurraø lbt`bhls0 ^lb, lbt`bhls mcdçc
 Gabuhmab:
 Gab
fcs p`r pcutcs fasnubha`bckls. `hurraf` cki` bulv`. Lkkc tlbçc ub maj` pr`pa`. Lrc gcfrl.
uhmab:  Lxcgablg`s k` qul `hurraø lb lsl g`g
 Gabuhmab:
 Gab g`glbt`.
lbt`. Q ustlf p`fçc slr pcfrl ` p`fçc b` slrk`, °gl lbtalbfl0
\stlf tlbçc ubc cktlrbctavc.
Lbtalbflb, lb lsl g`glbt` `hurraø cki` nubfcglbtck. °Huãb
f` bchaø V`ggy0 Hucbf` bchl ub baó`, fldlb cpcrlhlr bulvcs nubha`bls.
Xló`rc Yciblr:  Flspuás fl qul nuag`s c Ecbscs. Lk nubha`bcgalbt` fl ubc ubafcf h`byuick fldl g`fanahcrsl
uhmab::  °Suá `hurraø lbt`bhls0
 Gabuhmab
 Gab pcrc lbnrlbtcr k`s rlqulragalbt`s fl kc pctlrbafcf. Lb ilbl
Xló`rc Yciblr:   B` glj`rø. Lgpl`rø. rck, lk sastlgc fldl lnlhtucr k`s h`gpklj`s hcgda`s rlqulra
uhmab: Dulb`, °plr` høg`0 Lbt`bhls k` tlbçc c V`ggy.
 Gabuhmab:
 Gab f`s pcrc pcscr fl ub sastlgc fl f`s c ub sastlgc fl trls.
Xló`rc Yciblr: Ls halrt`, y lbt`bhls b` blhlsatcdc c Gcre. _`r k` ilblrck, lk h`gpr`gas` fl kc gujlr h`b ubc ubafcf
Xagpklglbtl, k` lxhkuç p`r h`gpklt`, scdl. fl trls, abhkuylbf` ub gcy`r h`gpr`gas` h`b lk gctrag`ba`,
uhmab:: Xl h`bvartaø lb ubc gcfrl.
 Gabuhmab
 Gab sl abahac h`b lk lgdcrcz`. Lk baó` ls ubc rlckafcf pcrc lkkc
Xló`rc Yciblr:  Csç ls.
guhm` cbtls qul pcrc lk m`gdrl. Tlhaáb lb lk bchagalbt`
ák h`galbzc c slbtarsl h`g` ub pcfrl, y, lb ckiub`s hcs`s, ab
 Gab uhmab:  °Suá kl `hurraø c ustlf0
 Gabuhmab: hkus` gãs tcrfl. Lk m`gdrl pulfl sliuar sab h`gpr`gltlrsl
Xló`r  Yciblr:  B` hcgdaá k` sunahalbtl, pr`dcdklglbtl. galbtrcs kc gujlr yc sl lstã cfcptcbf` c ub bulv` bavlk fl
Lb halrt` g`f` hcgdaá, plr`, ubc vlz gãs, lstcdc fltrãs fl n`rgchaøb ncgakacr.
ga plquló` gur`.
uhmab::  °V`ggy lrc agp`rtcbtl pcrc ustlf0
 Gabuhmab
 Gab Xló`rc Yciblr:  Lk salgprl mc saf` ub pcfrl.
Xló`r Yciblr: @m, sç. Xló`r Yciblr:  B` sá rlckglbtl quá flhar. B` pulf` plb
Xló`rc Yciblr:  Lstãdcg`s guy prøxag`s ‖dulb`‖ lb lk scr cm`rc, y b` pulf` flhar qul hcgdaá rcfahckglbtl ` qul

>? >3

 Gabuhmab::  H`g` sl schcdc kc dcsurc...


 Gabuhmab Xló`r Yciblr:  Halrt`. Lrc kc plrs`bc c kc qul sl rlhurrçc
Xló`r  Yciblr:  Lrc søk` ubc plqulóc h`satc, y t`fcs kcs pcrc...
h`scs qul lkkc glbha`bø lrcb plqulócs h`satcs, cm... Xló`rc Yciblr:  Maz` guhm` p`r ta.
uhmab::  Kc vafc lstã mlhmc fl plqulócs h`satcs.
 Gabuhmab
 Gab Xló`r  Yciblr:  Xa ub` tlbçc qul t`gcr ubc flhasaøb pcrc
Xló`r Yciblr: °Lsl lrc ga g`f` fl g`strc g`strcrr rlsastlbhac rls`kvlr ub pr`dklgc, lkkc lrc kc plrs`bc qul p`fçc cyufcrk`
c ub` c rls`kvlrk`. Mcdkcbf` lb ilblrck, su aflc lrc h`rrlhtc,
`... quá0 ` pcrlhçc slrk`.
uhmab::  Hrl` qul ustlf lstcdc fahalbf` t`f` lk talgp`
 Gabuhmab
 Gab
"s`y s`ktlr`", °b` kl pcrlhl0  Gab uhmab::  Xcdl... fl k` qul lst`y mcdkcbf` ls fl kcs lx
 Gabuhmab
plhtctavcs qul tlbçc lb rlkchaøb h`b Lgaky.
Xló`rc Yciblr:  _`fçc mcdlrk` saf`.
Xló`r  Yciblr:  Dalb. Galbtrcs ga gcfrl lstcdc salgprl
 Gab uhmab::  \stlf kl flhac "lstãs hcscf`. Xchc kc dcsurc.
 Gabuhmab ckkç h`b t`f` k` qul p`fçcg`s
p`fçcg`s blhlsatcr . . .
Ls ubc nubhaøb flk qul lstã hcscf`"  (rascs).  Lk flhçc "s`y Xló`rc  Yciblr:  Fld` flhar, bubhc gl faj` k` qul lspl
s`ktlr`". rcdc fl gç h`g` lsp`sc. Q` s`kçc flhar k` qul lsplrcdc fl
Xló`rc Yciblr:  Lk b` cyufcdc. Sualr` flhar, bubhc hcg ák h`g` lsp`s`, plr` ák bubhc faj` "lsplr` lst` fl ta h`g`
daø ub pcóck mcstc qul V`ggy tuv` slas glsls, y nul csç lsp`sc". Bubhc mcdkãdcg`s fl k` qul lsplrãdcg`s flk `tr`,
flsfl ub h`galbz`. Q` flhçc "Gcre, talbls qul cprlbflr k` qul nul ubc chtatuf lrrøblc flsfl ub h`galbz`. Ba saqualrc
c hcgdacr k`s pcóckls, quá pcscrçc sa gl lbnlrg` ` sa `hurrl bubhc mcdkcg`s, sagpklglbtl, scdl, sagpklglbtl b`s hcsc
cki`. ^cs c tlblr qul hcgdacr k`s pcóckls". Dulb`, b` p`fçc g`s, "lm, vc c slr favlrtaf`", lbtalbfl. Bubhc supag`s quá
sckar sab kklvcrgl ck dldá h`bgai`, p`rqul lk dldá p`fçc lsplrcr flk `tr`.
g`klstcrk` galbtrcs lstufacdc. Q csç, just` lb lsl pubt`, sl Xló`r Yciblr:  _r`dcdklglbtl, mcdçc abtlbtcf` hcgdacrkc
pr`fuhl ub h`bnkaht`. y lkkc sl kagatø c flhar "b` saics h`b ls`".
Kc hracbzc fl ub baó` `nrlhl gúktapkls p`sadakafcfls pcrc Xló`rc Yciblr:  Xa, ák lsplrcdc cki` fl ga, h`g`, h`glb
lk hrlhagalbt` abfavafuck y pcrc h`bs`kafcr lk sastlgc ncga zcrá hucbf` lgplzcg`s c sckar. Q` b` fldçc nugcr lb púdkah`
kacr. Ck gasg` talgp`, ls ub hcgp` lb lk qul sl fasputcb y b` fldçc mchlrgl hkcrçt`s lb ga plk` y b` fldçc mchlr
guhmcs dctckkcs crfucs. C glbuf`, k`s h`bnkaht`s b` rlsulk lst`...
t`s lbtrl k`s lsp`s`s s`b flspkczcf`s ck ãrlc fl kc hracbzc  Gab uhmab::  °Valbl lk plk` h`b hkcrat`s0
 Gabuhmab
flk baó` fldaf` c qul kc pcrljc b` pulfl slpcrcr kcs nub Xló`rc
 Gab
 GabuhmabYciblr:
uhmab::  Ls`   qualrl
Cm`rc sç.
flhar qul mcb kklicf` c ub halrt`
ha`bls fl pcfrl fl kcs nubha`bls fl lsp`s`.
chulrf`.
 Gabuhmab:: _lrgçtcbgl gltlrgl lb ub tlrrlb` fançhak. Cpuls
 Gabuhmab Xló`rc Yciblr: \b ljlgpk`, lstãdcg`s... lstãdcg`s lb Ecb
t` qul kc gcfrl fl Gcre ls ubc plrs`bc guy lnahalbtl, qul scs, `m, flsfl mcfc quazãs ub gls y p`fçcg`s vavar lb kc
maz` guhm` p`r ák. rlsaflbhac flk h`klia` y t`fcs kcs hmahcs sl mcdçcb chkcrcf`
Xló`r Yciblr:  Xç. Xç, lb lsl slbtaf` k` ls. Ls p`sadkl qul lk hcdlkk`. Lstl ls søk` ub plquló` ljlgpk`, lbt`bhls y` fajl
b` slc ub cgc fl hcsc lnahalbtl. "v`y c chkcrcr ga hcdlkk`" y ák faj` "dulb`, v`y c tlblr ubc
uhmab::  Mcdk` chlrhc fl kcs `trcs h`scs.
 Gabuhmab
 Gab Quk Drybblr". Lstl lrc lk pr`dklgc, lbtalbfl5 y` flscnacdc
>6 ><

sus flsl`s y ák lstcdc faspulst` c plklcr h`bgai`, y y` fajl qul p`r k` glb`s h`gpr`dlg`s huãkls s`b bulstr`s pr`dkl
"b` vcs c plklcr h`bgai`5 sagpklglbtl vcs c plklcr h`btai` gcs, y sa b` p`flg`s h`gubahcrb`s quazãs ubc plrs`bc pul
pulst` qul lrls tú lk qul vc c pcrlhlr rafçhuk`". Cki` h`g` fl cyufcrb`s c h`gubahcrb`s. Suazã b` ls cki` tcb slra`
lst` p`fçc abahacr ubc fasputc fl habh` glsls, lbtalbfl. Q` h`g` hrllg`s, quazã sagpklglbtl sl jubtø ub g`btøb fl
adc h`btrc sus flsl`s. h`satcs". Lbt`bhls vag`s ub h`bsljlr` gctrag`back, mchl gãs
 Gabuhmab::  Xcdl, k` qul ustlf flshradl ls tcb mcdatuck. Gl
 Gabuhmab ` glb`s ub có`.
`hurraø c gç y kl `hurraø c t`f` lk gubf`. °Suá `hurraø lb  Gabuhmab:: Dalb. Dulb`, °ustlf flhçc qul lk g`glbt` hratah`
 Gabuhmab
t`bhls0 V`ggy lstcdc hrlhalbf`, y cm`rc lrcb trls y b` nul hucbf`, hucbf` pcrtalr`b fl Ecbscs0
f`s. Cm`rc tlbçcb ub g`flk` qul mcdçcb cprlbfaf` lb sus Xló`r` Yciblr: \gggg mgggg. Nul huctr` ` habh` gl
m`icrls: qul pcpã y gcgã plklcb c trcvás fl gç. Lk qul ustl sls flspuás fl qul...
fls flshradalr`b h`g` lk g`flk` fl sus m`icrls.  Gabuhmab:
 Gabuhm ab:  Flspuás fl qul vabalr`b cquç. Dulb`, `dslrvcb
Xló`rc Yciblr:  _lr` bubhbubhcc k` lbtlbfç csç mcstc qul us qul lb lsl g`glbt` sl pr`fujlr`b ubc slral fl hcgda`s. Qc
tlf gl k` faj`. b` lrcb lstufacbtls. Lrc kc praglrc vlz qul b` fasp`bçcb
ab:  Dulb`, plr`
 Gabuhmab:
 Gabuhm plr ` v`kvcg
v`kvcg`s`s cm`rc c V`ggy y vlc fl ub hcgab` pcrc harhukcr sab pr`dklgcs. °Suá kls `hurraø
g`s sa lstl g`flk`... c ustlfls0
Xló`r Yciblr:  Cquç lst`y ylbf` mchac ubc bulvc satuc
Xló`rc
fufc,  Yciblr:
uscg`s   Farçc qul
c V`ggy pcrck`plklcr.
mahag`s.
Q`Xç,p`fçc
sab fufc, `m, sab
lbnurlhlrgl haøb5 g`fanahcg`s bulstrc satuchaøb p`r h`gpklt`, ls ub tap`
h`b Gcre y hlrrcrkl kc pulrtc y ák sl qulfcdc cnulrc i`k- fl vafc t`tckglbtl fastabt`. Q`, lb ub rabhøb fl ga glbtl, rc
plcbf` kc pulrtc, y y` kklvcdc c V`ggy c kc vlbtcbc y ha`bckahá qul hucbf` b`s arçcg`s fl ckkç ‖fl lsc satuchaøb-
-lst` lrc tlrradkl‖ k` slóckcdc ‖y flhçc‖ garc, V`ggy, garc kcs h`scs glj`rcrçcb. _lr` b` glj`rcr`b. Xa cki` hcgdaø, nul
c lsl m`gdrl rcr`, y b`s qulfãdcg`s cmç mchaábf`kl   g`ras pcrc pl`r.
qultcs.  Gabuhm ab:  °Fl quá gcblrc0
 Gabuhmab:
Xló`r Yciblr:  Xç (rascs). Xló`r Yciblr:  Lb k` qul c gç h`bhalrbl, lgpl`rcr`b, p`r
Xló`rc Yciblr:  Lk sl qulfcdc  ckkç,  guralbf`, faspulst`  c qul b` p`fac h`btr`kcrkcs, kc gcblrc lb qul p`fçc, qul slb
gctcrb`s c k`s f`s, c gctcrgl p`rqul y` abstaicdc   ck dldat`, tçc qul p`fçc lb lsl `tr` hkagc, lsc plqulóc ubavlrsafcf,
lbtalbfl... y`...
 Gabuhm
 Gab uhmab'.
ab'.   \stlf trcbsnlrçc ub g`flk` ncgakacr qul cprlb ab:  °Høg` gcbtuv` c su ncgakac hucbf` lstcdcb
 Gabuhmab:
 Gabuhm
faø lb su  m`icr c su gctrag`ba`. lb Ecbscs0
Xló`rc Yciblr:
 Yciblr: Hrl`  qul lb ub h`galbz` k` mahl, sa. Xló`r Yciblr:  Vlbçc ub trcdcj` fl vlrcb`, lbt`bhls b` kc
 Gabuhm
 Gab uhmab:
ab: °Høg` hcgdaø ls`0, p`rqul ls cki` guy plrba vlçc lb lk vlrcb`. Abhkus` hucbf` lstãdcg`s hcscf`s.
ha`s`. °Høg` k` hcgdaø0  Gabuhm ab:  °Lst`, lst` k`s gcbtlbçc lh`bøgahcglbtl0
 Gabuhmab:
Xló`r Yciblr: Cm, sa ustlf fahl, rlckglbtl ub pubt` lb Xló`r Yciblr:  Lb k` nubfcglbtck. _lfç fablr` prlstcf`5
lk qul hcgdacg`s, kklicg`s c ubc hrasas, ` plrç`f` hratah`, trcdcjcdc lb kc lshulkc, y mchçc lst` furcbtl lk vlrcb`.
hucbf` kl fajl, ummm, "` vlg`s ub h`bsljlr` gctrag`back `  Gabuhm ab:  °Xus pcfrls k` cyufcdcb ` ustlf...0
 Gabuhmab:
sa b` tl `kvafcs
`kvafcs fl t`f`. _albs`
_albs` qul slrac rafahuk` mchlrk` dcstc Xló`rc Yciblr: Gas pcfrls sa. Q sus pcfrls tcgdaáb.

>= >9

uhmab:  Lbt`bhls, sus ncgakacs `hupcb cúb guhm` lspc


 Gabuhmab:
 Gab Xló`r Yciblr: Lkkc lgplzø c trcdcjcr mchl guy p`h` talg
ha`. Lb ckiub`s hcs`s, scdlb, ls` pkcbtlc fanahuktcfls pcrc kc p`. B` ls cds`kutcglbtl blhlscra`, plr`...
flnabahaøb flk bulv` gctrag`ba`. Xló`rc  Yciblr:  Q` quasl mchlrk`5 nul ga pr`pac flhasaøb.
Xló`r  Yciblr:  Xab lgdcri`, hrl` qul lrc guy útak. B`s uhmab::  Ls` qualrl flhar qul ls ubc ircb sulrtl lb su
 Gabuhmab
 Gab
falr`b cki` pcrc rlspckfcrb`s. vafc. Cm`rc yc b` ls lstufacbtl y k`s irup`s yc b` lstãb
 Gabuhmab
 Gab :  K` `hurraø
uhmab:°Suá
faglbsaøb. qul lst`y fahalbf`
hucbf` ls qul
vabalr`b cquç0ls` hrlcplbsc
°Suá `trc `ricbazcf`s pcrc   ustlf.
Xló`r  Yciblr: B` søk` ls`, plr` hucbf` gl v`y flk trc
r`b qul adcb c mchlr0 dcj`, sl chcdc lk trcdcj`5 b` tlbi` bcfc qul lstufacr, ba bcfc
Xló`r Yciblr: Q`, dulb`, mcdçc prlvast` qul ubc vlz qul qul sl kl pcrlzhc, y lbt`bhls k` hcbckaz` c trcvás fl kc nc
lstuvalsl trcdcjcbf` c talgp` h`gpklt`... gakac. Xa y` b` gl h`btlbt` h`b lst`, h`gprlbf` qul ls
uhmab::  °Lb quá0 \stlf h`bhkuyø
 Gabuhmab
 Gab h`bhkuyø sususs lstuf
lstufa`s
a`s . . . glj`r qul mcic cki`, p`rqul ls ga vafc, gl lbtalbfl, galb
Xló`r Yciblr: H`bhkuç gas lstufa`s lb cfgabastrchaøb y lb trcs qul cbtls p`fçc blicrk`. Cquç b` tlbi` sckafc. @ vav`
da`k`içc. csç, ` mci` cki`.
uhmab::  Lbt`bhls vabalr`b cquç. °Suá lstãb mchalbf`0
 Gabuhmab
 Gab uhmab::  Lbt`bhls, pcrlhl h`g` sa nulsl kc praglrc vlz
 Gabuhmab
 Gab
Xló`r  Yciblr:  Vrcdcjcbf` h`g` lgpklcf` fl cfgabastrc lb kc qul ustlf rlckglbtl sl h`gpr`gltl.
haøb lb kc haufcf. Xló`r Yciblr:  \ggg muggg. Lb halrt` slbtaf`.
 Gab uhmab:  °Kc
 Gabuhmab: ° Kc n`rgchaøb qul rlhadaø
rlha daø h`rrlsp`bfl c su uhmab::  Cm`rc ustlf tcgdaáb lstã ctrcpcf`.
 Gabuhmab
 Gab
trcdcj`0
Xló`r Yciblr: Xç, lb tárgab`s ilblrckls. Kcs harhubstcbhacs hcgdacbtls fl kc vafc fl k`s Yciblr sl
Xló`rc Yciblr:  B`. h`rrlsp`bflb h`b hcgda`s lb kc ncgakac. Gcre yc b` ls ub
uhmab: \stlf faj` "b`" y lk faj` "sç".
 Gabuhmab:
 Gab lstufacbtl. Mc csugaf` ubc p`sahaøb gãs abflplbfalbtl lb
Xló`r Yciblr: Xç, lb tárgab`s ilblrckls. Xç. lk gubf` lxtlra`r, lb lk qul p`sll cm`rc cut`b`gçc y rls
Xló`rc  Yciblr:  B` farçc qul ls lk trcdcj` qul k` mchl p`bscdakafcf. Cm`rc lxastl ubc flkagatchaøb gãs bltc lbtrl
gãs nlkaz.
kc ncgakac y k` lxtrcncgakacr. Hucbf` vulkvl c su hcsc, lstã
lb hcsc. Qc b` rlckazc tcrlcs lxtrcncgakacrls lb lkkc.
Xló`r Yciblr:  Dulb`, lb praglr kuicr k` qul gãs gl ab
tlrlsc ls kc da`k`içc, plr` b` gl h`bvalbl vavar fl lkkc p`r Lb lk hcs` fl Lgaky sl mcb pr`fuhaf` hcgda`s h`gpkl
qul b` tlbi` icbcs fl lbslbcr, fl mchlr abvlstaicha`bls, y glbtcra`s. Mc h`glbzcf`
taf` fl lnahchac, c trcdcjcr,
` h`gpltlbhac, lb k`
lk qul kl `t`ric
gubf` ub Fas
lxtlra`r. slb
b` pulf` plrgatargl lstufacr glfahabc, p`r ls` lgplhá c ls
tufacr cfgabastrchaøb lb ga praglr có`, h`gprlbfalbf` qul p`bl fl glb`s talgp` pcrc kc ncgakac, plr` lk talgp` fl
da`k`içc tlbfrçc qul slr ubc lsplhal fl m`ddy, y lgplhá c qul fasp`bl h`g` lsp`sc y gcfrl ls csç gãs sctasncht`ra`.
lstufacr cfgabastrchaøb, qul nul ga sliubfc `phaøb. uhmab::  \stlfls vlb, mcstc lk g`glbt`, Lgaky, ustlf
 Gabuhmab
 Gab
 Gab uhmab:  Lbt`bhls, ustlf trcdcjc y gcbtalbl c su ncga
 Gabuhmab: lstcdc ctrcpcfc y ák lrc ub lstufacbtl. Lbt`bhls - ustlf  (ck
kac. °\stlf gcbtalbl c su ncgakac cm`rc0 gcraf`)  valbl cquç y sl h`gpr`gltl h`b kc ncgakac. Lb lstl
Xló`r Yciblr: B`. pubt` kc satuchaøb h`galbzc c cbfcr gck.
Xló`rc Yciblr:  Q` tcgdaáb trcdcj`. Xló`r Yciblr: \ggg muggg.
>= >1

sabhlr` h`bsai` gasg`, y qul b` lrc sabhlr` h`b su gctra


 Gabuhmab:  Dulb`, ls lbt`bhls hucbf` flhaflb vlr...
 Gabuhmab:
g`ba`. Xcdl, mchçc su pr`pac vafc.
Xló`r Yciblr:  Xç, y` flhafç qul tlbçcg
tlbçcg`s
`s qul vlr c ub
h`bsljlr` gctrag`back. K` mahag`s. Vck h`g` sl fa`, tuvag`s Xa lb lstl g`glbt` fl su rlkchaøb gctrag`back lk n`h` fl
qul vlrk` søk` huctr` vlhls p`rqul cgd`s hcgdacg`s lb lxpk`rchaøb mudalsl lstcf` h`bstatuaf` p`r kcs rlckafcfls ab
n`rgc rcfahck. Q flsfl lbt`bhls b`s mlg`s kklvcf` guy dalb. favafuckls fl Gcre y Lgaky lb kuicr fl kc rlckafcf fl su
Xló`rc Yciblr: V`fcvçc tlblg`s, scdl, fashusa`bls ... h`gpklglbtcrafcf, lk gctrag`ba` pr`dcdklglbtl sl mcdrçc r`t`.
Xló`r Yciblr: Xç, plr` b` ls cki` h`bstcbtl...
hmab:  Valblb sulrtl. Ckiub`s h`bsljlr`s gctrag`bac
 Gabuhmab:
 Gabu Xló`r Yciblr:  \ggg muggg, plr` y` b`... mcdçc gu
kls sl cnlrrcb c kcs ncgakacs y b` kcs fljcb ar. hmcs h`scs qul y` pcscdc p`r ckt`, flnlht`s gç`s, qul quazã b`
Xló`rc Yciblr:  Hucbf` nuag`s, fajl: "sa b` k` p`flg`s p`fçc vlr sudjltavcglbtl, plr` `djltavcglbtl...
lvatcr, p`flg`s p`r k` glb`s prlstcrkl ctlbhaøb". Lbh`btrá Xló`rc Yciblr: Q` tlbçc t`fc lsc hukpc, qul ák lrc dulb`
c lsl tap`, b`s iustø. Lrc n`rgafcdkl. Faj`: "Lb k` nubfcglb y qul t`f` lrc p`r ga hukpc, °gl lbtalbfl0 Q` mcdçc nrc
tck talblb ub dulb gctrag`ba`, fldlrçcb søk` trctcr fl hckkcr hcscf` y csç lrc kc h`sc, tlbçcg`s qul zcncrb`s fl kc sa
y lshuhmcr ck `tr` y fljcr fl trcdcjcr ub` h`btrc lk `tr`", y ... tuchaøb y fcrkc p`r tlrgabcfc y hucbt` cbtls, glj`r.
uhmab:: °Q h`b søk` lst` k`s cyufø0
 Gabuhmab
 Gab uhmab::  Q ák k`s cyufø c rls`kvlrk`.
 Gabuhmab
 Gab
Xló`rc Yciblr: \ggg muggg.
Xló`r
nlrc y lk  Yciblr:   B`,
mlhm` qul b` k`nulsunahalbtlglbtl
ák lrc rlckglbtl csç.abtlkailbtl
Nul kc ctgøs
h`g` uhmab:  Dulb`, fljlg`s cquç. °Ckiubc prliubtc flk pú
 Gabuhmab:
 Gab
pcrc fcrsl hulbtc hucbf` b` flhçcg`s kc vlrfcf. dkah`0
Xló`rc Yciblr: Q` b` fajl kc vlrfcf furcbtl trls slsa`bls _rliubtc:   Vlbçc ubc prliubtc pcrc mchlrkl rlnlrlbtl c k`
gãs ` glb`s  (rascs). qul ustlf lstcdc abtlrlscf` lb prliubtcrkl c lstcs plrs`bcs,
Xló`r Yciblr:  Xa ub` b` flhçc kc vlrfcf, dulb`, ub` sl lk tap` fl h`scs qul kl abtlrlsc fashutar lb lstl tap` fl lb
slbtçc guy t`bt`. trlvastcs lb h`btrcp`sahaøb h`b kc lbtrlvastc tlrcpáutahc, hucb
Xló`rc Yciblr:  Q` sagpklglbtl
sa gpklglbtl gl slbtcdc cmç, y ák fl f` chufl ckiualb qul sunrl p`r cki`.
hçc: "b` ls k` qul qualr` `çr", gl lbtalbfl, cki` qul gl ct`r  Gab uhmab::  Bulstr` h`klic gl prliubtcdc cbtls, lb pravc
 Gabuhmab
glbtcdc y qul gl k` iucrfcdc flbtr` fl gç, b` lrc csubt` f`, sa b` mcdçc ckiubcs h`scs fl lstc lbtrlvastc qul b` lrcb
fl babiubc `trc plrs`bc. Q ák slbtcf` cmç: "Lgaky, b` gl k` sunahalbtlglbtl tlbsa`bcbtls. Q` b` gl hlbtrcdc lb kcs
lstã fahalbf` kc vlrfcf", lbtalbfl, y rlckglbtl k`ircdc qul ãrlcs fl tlbsaøb. Kl fajl qul y` plbscdc qul ustlfls h`bs
y` plbltrcsl lb gas pr`pa`s plbscgalbt`s y gl fltuvalsl tatuçcb ubc ncgakac b`rgck, k` qul qualrl flhar qul lstcdcb
y plbscsl cbtls fl flhar cki`. tcb h`bnubfaf`s h`g` ák, h`g` guhmcs `trcs ncgakacs. \stlfls
uhmab::  °Q c ustlf quá kl maz`0
 Gabuhmab
 Gab pcscr`b p`r kcs gasgcs h`scs qul guhm`s fl b`s`tr`s. K`
Xló`r  Yciblr:  Dulb`, quazã sl fa` hulbtc qul y` b` lrc qul ctrcvlscr`b, hrl`, ls kc trlglbfc hcbtafcf fl fanahuk
h`gpkltcglbtl sabhlr` h`bgai` gasg`, lb praglr kuicr. Q tcfls qul sl talblb pcrc n`rgcr ubc ncgakac. Lkk`s valblb
tcgdaáb, nul kc praglrc `p`rtubafcf qul tuvl fl prlstcr ctlb fl fanlrlbtls hukturcs h`b fanlrlbtls aflcs, y sl pr`fuhl lk
haøb c k` qul lkkc flhçc rlckglbtl. lbhulbtr`, h`g` lxtrcó`s. Blhlsatcb hrlcr kçgatls ckrlflf`r
uhmab:  Xcdl, b` lst`y fl chulrf`. Hrl` qul ustlf lrc
 Gabuhmab:
 Gab fl sa, y plklcb. Q plklcb y mchlb t`btlrçcs y sl mchlb sckar
93
9?

scbirl fl kc bcraz. V`f`s b`s`tr`s tlblg`s lstcs h`scs. Q, Vlbçc galf`, plr` hucbf` v`kvç plbsá qul quazã b`s kklvc
scdlb, ckiub`s gctrag`ba`s plrfurcb y `tr`s b`. _lr` t`f`s rçcg`s dalb, y hrl` qul csç nul lk praglr fçc, plr` ck fçc sa
pcscg`s p`r ls`, fl fanlrlbtls gcblrcs. iualbtl v`kvag`s c bulstrc cbtaiuc rutabc. Gl slbtçc h`g`
_rliubtc:   B` tlbi` hkcr` p`r quá tuvalr`b søk` huctr` sa b` mudalsl vckaf` kc plbc v`kvlr.
lbhulbtr`s h`b lk h`bsljlr` gctrag`back y høg` flhafalr`b _rliubtc:  Xup`bi` qul abhkus` hucbf` p`blb dcrrlrcs, kcs
susplbflr. plrs`bcs sl saiulb h`gubahcbf` cúb fl `trcs gcblrcs sa
Xló`r  Yciblr:  XlX l p`frçc flhar qul ák r`g
r`gpaø
paø kc hcpcrc gcbtalblb lk h`btcht`. Q hrl` qul ls pcrtl fl lst`, scdl, rlck
zøb5 flrradø kc dcrrlrc y lbt`bhls pufag`s h`gubahcrb`s lbtrl glbtl, k` qul sl gcbanlstø m`y, qul ustlfls talblb guhm`
b`s`tr`s y, pulst` qul b`s h`gubahcg`s h`b tcbtc sabhlrafcf h`btcht`. \stlfls sl h`bsuktcb chlrhc fl guhmcs h`scs, hucb
lb lsl g`glbt`, b` sl lsh`bfaø bcfc ba bcfc p`r lk lstak`, f` mcdkcb. _ulflb abtlrrugparsl, y ustlf k` abtlrrugpl gãs
y cgd`s h`gprlbfag`s qul mcdçcg`s h`gltaf` lrr`rls. qul ák c ustlf .,.
_rliubtc:   Flfuzh` qul mud` ub g`glbt` lb su vafc lb Xló`rc Yciblr: Xab fufc ...
pcrtahukcr hucbf` ustlf lstcdc faspulst` c `nrlhlr cki`... _rliubtc:   Q t`f` k` flgãs, plr` lxastl ubc ircb h`guba
Xló`r  Yciblr: F`bfl cbtls b` p`fçc. hchaøb qul sl gcbanalstc lb lk g`f` lb qul sl garcb y sl
_rliubtc:  Xç, ustlf puf` bli`hacr ... h`bsuktcb chlrhc fl ckiubcs h`scs, uscbf` sus hulrp`s y sus
Xló`r  Yciblr:  _r`dcdklg
_r`dcdklglbtl
lbtl ls` rlqualrl tcbt` talgp` `j`s, lth., qul hrl` qul ls cki` qul `hurrl lb kcs ncgakacs,
h`g` huckqualr `trc h`sc. k` qul ls ub g`f` fl h`gubahchaøb qul p`r k` ilblrck b`
_rliubtc:   Vlbi` ub pcr fl prliubtcs pcrc mchlrkl. Lb lk sl talbl sunahalbtlglbtl lb hulbtc. Lsc n`rgc fl h`gubahcrsl
trcbshurs` flk plrç`f` abahack hucbf` lstcdc `hurralbf` t`f` pulfl lstcr prlslbtl, galbtrcs lstãb lbnurlhaf`s chlrhc fl
ls`, °k` fljø ckiubc vlz0 kc dcsurc y lbnurlhaf`s chlrhc fl kcs rlikcs, mcy `trcs h`scs
Xló`rc Yciblr:  Xç. Nuag`s c ubc lxhursaøb fl hcgpabi, qul nubha`bcb y sup`bi` qul s`b h`scs qul cgd`s flg`s
qul nul ubc lxplralbhac tlrradkl. Lk sliuçc ub hurs` fl da` trcr`b lb rlkchaøb h`b V`ggy y tcgdaáb lb kc rlkchaøb lbtrl
k`içc lb glfa` fl k`s d`squls y y` lstcdc ckkç flsfl mchçc ustlfls. B` lxastl ubc arc gcklv`klbtl, kc arc b` ls flk tap`
trls slgcbcs, gl slbtçc guy gck: sl mcdçc af` p`r t`f` lk fl... hucbf` fulkl, b` gl pcrlhaø qul nulsl "kc qul kklvc
fçc y b` mcdçc vlhab`s, lstcdc c trlhl eakøgltr`s fl kc c gctcr".
haufcf lb sckv`
h`b bcfal lk glfa` flk d`squl,
V`ggy, h`bhkcsls
y ák tlbçc bcfalfl
hlrhc. Lrclrc
b`hml5 tlrradkl,
h`g` Xló`r Yciblr: Lrc gãs... gãs ncksc.
Xló`rc Yciblr: Lrc gãs h`b kc abtlbhaøb fl mlrar, gãs qul
ubc lxplralbhac fl kcd`rct`ra`, rlckglbtl, y ák tlbçc hkcsls
fl b`hml, y ub fçc kkcgá c hcsc y fajl: "p`r ncv`r, gãbflbgl bcfc. Hucbf` v`kvç c hcsc flspuás fl mcdlrgl af`, b` lstcdc
lk fablr`5 b` pulf` s`p`rtcr lst`", y nua c ga hcsc, gl adc lb`jcfc h`b ák5 lstcdc mcrtc, gl slbtçc flsfahmcfc, lstcdc
c qulfcr søk` ubc slgcbc y gl qulfá f`s slgcbcs y kuli` gãs s`kc qul bcfc, p`rqul ák b` lstcdc ckkç, ` cki` csç. Sualr`
v`kvç y v`kvag`s c Ecbscs pcrc ubc vasatc y k` kklvá c V`ggy flhar, lb lscs f`s slgcbcs kc hulbtc fl tlkán`b` fl ga gcfrl
h`bgai` h`g` pcrc tlblr h`gpcóçc, scdl. nul fl 6? føkcrls, søk` p`r f`s slgcbcs. B`s kkcgãdcg`s
_rliubtc:  °Vlbçc guhm` galf` hucbf` k` fljø0 t`f` lk talgp`, scdl. Xagpklglbtl, v`kvag`s c bulstr` cbta
Xló`rc  Yciblr:  Hucbf` v`kvç c hcsc, k` lxtrcóá guhm`. iu` g`f` fl slr. Hucbf` gl nua mcdçc ub hkagc lbnlrgaz`,

94 98

y hucbf` v`kvç tcgdaáb. Lb lscs f`s slgcbcs babiub` fl fuhl ub sucvazcgalbt` b`tcdkl. Ls` hucbf` t`f` vc dalb, plr`
b`s`tr`s mcdçc hcgdacf`. mlg`s vast` guhmcs plrs`bcs qul talblb kc gasgc slpcrchaøb
_rliubtc:   \stlf sl rlnaraø c kcs h`scs lb rlkchaøb h`b kcs fl r`kls, h`b ub` qul sl `hupc flk pr`hls` fl plbscr y lk
huckls b` h`btcdcb h`b lk `tr`, p`r ljlgpk`, kc dcsurc, y gl `tr` flk slbtagalbt`5 b` fcb kc agprlsaøb fl nubha`bcr dalb
prliubt` lb rlkchaøb h`b quá, cm`rc, hcfc ub` fl ustlfls lb rlkchaøb h`b ls`... Lbt`bhls `dslrvcg`s cquç `trc hucka
pulfl h`btcr h`b lk `tr`. fcf. Fcfc lstc huckafcf, lst`s f`s nubha`bcb guy dalb, h`g`
uhmab:  °Fl quá gcblrc sl cp`ycb gutucglbtl0
 Gabuhmab:
 Gab ustlf k` slóckø. B` pcrlhl tcb nrciglbtcf` h`g` k` lst`y
Xló`rc Yciblr:  °Cm`rc0 Hrl` qul, lb k` qul h`bhalrbl flshradalbf`, pulst` qul, hrl`, cgd`s mchlb t`f`5 lb halrt`
c ga gcraf`, b` p`frçc tlblr ub glj`r gcraf`, glj`r pr` g`f`, lxastl pr`dcdklglbtl gãs suplrp`sahaøb fl k` qul
vllf`r5 ák ls guy h`kcd`rcf`r, b` mcy bcfc qul fljcrçc fl hrllg`s.
mchlr p`r gç, lb k` qul h`bhalrbl c kc lnahalbhac...  Gab uhmab:  Dulb`, furcbtl ub halrt` búglr` fl có`s lst`
 Gabuhmab:
Xló`r Yciblr:  Lst`
Lst ` nu
null cki` qul tuvag`s qul rls`kvlr lb b` cbfuv`. _albs` qul ubc fl kcs h`scs qul pr`dcdklglbtl
trl b`s`tr`s
b`s`tr`s f`s, cm .. . `hurraø nul kc ncktc fl h`gpr`gas` fl Gcre h`b lk gctra
Xló`rc Yciblr:  Cbtls b` lrc hcpcz fl mchlr bcfc p`r g`ba`, °lm0 Sul ustlf saiuaø salbf` ubc plrs`bc s`ktlrc fu
rcbtl gãs talgp` qul lkkc.
su pr`pac hulbtc, plr` cm`rc b` pulf` fltlblrk`. Lk gl cyu
Xló`r Yciblr:  Furcbtl guhm` gãs talgp`, ls halrt`. _crc
fc...
k`irøt`f` lk talgp`.
cfcptcrsl glj`r_`rck supulst`, hrl`hucbf`
gctrag`ba`5 qul `hurraø
puf` hucbf`
slbtarsl lkkc y` lrc ubc lsplhal fl scdam`bf`, gl lbtalbfl, sagpkl
nlkaz, fasnrutø lgdlkklhalbf` bulstrc hcsc y t`f` ls`, scdl. glbtl sl `p`bçc c ga bcturcklzc. Ba saqualrc lst`y faspulst`
c lgplzcr c fashutar cki`. Sualr` flhar qul kl p`bçc nab5 ls
Xló`r Yciblr: Nçjlsl, cbtls bubhc tuvl qul mchlr lscs h`
p`r ls` qul bubhc p`fçcg`s kklicr c babiubc h`bhkusaøb.
scs lb kc \bavlrsafcf, p`rqul tú k` mchçcs salgprl p`r ga, Q` p`fçc flhar cki` ` suilrar cki` y pr`dcdklglbtl p`fçc
lbt`bhls b` tuvl qul `hupcrgl. Q` sagpklglbtl flhçc: "k` slr cki` agplrctav` lb rlkchaøb h`b ls`, y lbt`bhls lkkc s`kçc
v`y c mchlr flspuás". Lrc guy pr`dcdkl lbt`bhls qul tú k` flhar: "dulb`, lrls ub scdam`bf`, fl t`fcs gcblrcs", y t`f`
mahalsls. tlrgabcdc csç. Q` tlbçc qul cprlbflr c rlhadar ckiub`s i`k
Lk hcgda` lb kc h`bfuhtc flk gcraf` sl ch`gpcóc h`b pls, cnk`jcr ub p`h`, y hlflr. @dslrvø qul ckiualb h`glbtø
ub hcgda` h`gpklglbtcra` lb kc abtlrchhaøb fl su lsp`sc h`b qul lkkc sulkl abtlrrugpargl h`b gcy`r nrlhulbhac qul y`
ák. °@ chcs` lk hcgda` sl pr`fuhl lb slbtaf` abvlrs`0 c lkkc. _lr` mchl ub có` ` f`s s`kçc `hurrargl k` h`btrcra`.
Xló`rc  Yciblr:  Lb rlckafcf, sa tlblg`s ubc h`bvlrschaøb
_rliubtc:   Lb rlkchaøb h`b lst` mcy `trc h`sc qul ls guy b`rgck,
b`rg ck, Gcre kc g`b`p`kazc.
g`b`p`kazc. Q` lrc ..
. . . y` tlbi` qul abtlrrug
kkcgctavc, qul lk f`ht`r Gabuhmab slóckø lb ub g`glbt` park`, p`r k` ilblrck, pcrc p`flr flhar cki`. Hucbf` ák h`b
fcf`, gl rlnalr` c qul kc rlchhaøb fl kc sló`rc Yciblr ls tabúc, b` pulf` rlckglbtl flhar bcfc. Lb lsl slbtaf`, lstã
h`g` ub dcrøgltr` cnlhtav`, y p`r k` ilblrck lk sló`r Yci cúb lb su pr`pa` gubf`. \stlf fahl cki`, abhkus` sa sl
blr k` lquakadrc h`b ubc abtlrprltchaøb guy køiahc. Lxastl abtlrlsc aiuck qul ák lb ls`, plr` b`, b` pulfl flhar ba
lbt`bhls ubc lsplhal fl vatckafcf qul kc sló`rc Yciblr pulfl ubc pckcdrc.
fcrkl c ubc abtlrprltchaøb køiahc, y p`r lkk` gasg` sl pr`- _rliubtc:   Gl lstcdc prliubtcbf`, qul, lb k` qul `hurraø

96 9<

m`y, °tlbac ub saibanahcf` pcrc k`s f`s, ub tap` fanlrlbtl fl h`bhlsa`bls qul mlg`s cfquaraf` lb lstl plrç`f`, y guhmcs
saibanahcf`0 h`scs sl mcb `raiabcf` lb ls`.
Xló`r Yciblr:  Guy p`hcs h`scs. Lk faj` cki` qul quazã b` _rliubtc:  °_`frçc flharb`s cki` chlrhc fl lscs h`scs0
ls rlckglbtl, b` pcrlhl agp`rtcbtl. Lk `dslrvø qul lb lstc Xló`r Yciblr:  H`bhrltcglbtl, quazãs cm`rc tlbic ubc ch
rlkchaøb y` talbf` c mcdkcr c glfacs. Lkkc talbfl c mchlr k` tatuf gãs trcbquakc lb k` qul h`bhalrbl c kc lfuhchaøb fl
h`btrcrç`, y rlckglbtl bubhc k` supl, ck glb`s bubhc k` supl V`ggy.
Vrct` fl Hucbf`
mchlrkl ub baó` gl
lbtlbflr qul,fahl "b`",
scdl, b` b` gl lstrlglzh`.
sl fahl "b`". Lkkc
lb n`rgc h`bshalbtl, qul lrc csa. Q` salgprl hckanah` k` qul
lkkc fahl. chtúc lb n`rgc cki` fanlrlbtl: sa ustlf fahl "b`", dulb`, zcp,
Xló`rc Yciblr:  _r`tliaábf`gl h`btrc gç gasgc. ustlf kc kaic. C lkkc b` sl kl pulfl flhar "b`". Lb rlkchaøb
Xló`r  Yciblr:  C vlhls salbt` h`g` sa lkkc gasgc sl tc h`b ls` tlblg`s ckiubcs fashrlpcbhacs. Fl t`f`s g`f`s, hrl`
pcsl kc d`hc. qul quazã su g`f` fl chtucr ls tcb h`rrlht` h`g` lk gç`,
plr` lb kc glfafc lb qul ák k` chlptc, lbt`bhls lkkc chlptc
Xló`rc Yciblr:   K` mci`.
ga g`f` fl chtucr, y y` chlpt` lk suy`. Cbtls ls` lrc ubc
Xló`r Yciblr:  Lkkc vc flgcsacf` kl klj`s,
j`s, vl. Mchl ubc il hcusc fl fashusa`bls5 b` mcdçc h`bhlsa`bls: lrc fl ub g`f`
blrckazchaøb nkcircbtl, dug, y` vulkv` y fai`: "dulb`, sç ` fl `tr`. Cm`rc ls ubc lsplhal fl h`gpr`gas` lbtrl cgd`s.
plr`...". Lstã lb ga bcturcklzc pr`hlflr fl lsl g`f`, pcrc Mlg`s cf`ptcf` k`s gát`f`s flk `tr`, p`r k` glb`s lb gcy`r
dalb ` pcrc gck. glfafc qul cbtls. Ls` ls quazã t`f` k` qul pulf` flhar. @tr`
_rliubtc:  °Huãk nul lk hcgda` frcgãtah` c glfafc qul g`f` fl flhark`, hucbf` f`s plrs`bcs flhaflb lnlhtucr ub
ustlf sl h`gpr`gltaø gãs0 hcgda`, ls cki` fanlrlbtl hucbf` ub` k` mchl y hucbf` b`
Xló`r  Yciblr:  @m, b` hrl` qul mcyc saf` ub hcgda` frc k` mchl. H`abhafag`s lb lk hcgda`. Hrl` qul lkkc lstcdc
gãtah`. Hrl`, qul, plsl c kcs cpcralbhacs, b` lrc ubc rlkchaøb lsplrcbf` lk hcgda` guhm` cbtls fl qul y` gl flhafalsl
tcb gckc.
gckc. Lrcb søk` lscs plqulócs h`satcs, kc tlrqulfcf .. .lscs saqualrc c mchlrk`5 lkkc prlvlçc lsl hcgda`, lstcdc lsplrãb
h`satcs qul salgprl slrãb fash`rfcbtls, salgprl tarcbtls h`b f`k`, lb halrt` g`f`, csç qul hucbf` flhafç qul mcdrçc ub
trc hcfc ub` lb kc suplrnahal, y ls` dk`qulø guhm` kc h`gu hcgda` l abtlbtá lnlhtucrk`, c lkkc kl nul nãhak sliuargl.
bahchaøb qul mudalsl p`p`faf`
faf` lxa
lxast
star
ar...... plr` fl t`
t`f`s
f`s g`
g`f`s
f`s
mcdçc h`gprlbsaøb lbtrl b`s`tr`s. H`g` ustlf faj`, lrc ubc
n`rgc fastabtc fl h`gubahchaøb.
Xló`rc Yciblr-.  Cúb lb kc chtuckafcf mcy fçcs lb qul b`s
`facg`s, y b` talbl bcfc fl cb`rgck.
Xló`r Yciblr: Lb rlkchaøb h`b V`ggy, b` mc mcdaf` rlck
glbtl hcgda`s, qualr` flhar h`g` glfacf`r qul p`fçc lxas
tar lb bulstr` gctrag`ba`. Mc mcdaf` ckiúb hcgda` lb k`
qul sl rlnalrl c k` qul mcycg`s p`faf` cprlbflr lb bulstrcs
h`bhlsa`bls gutucs lb rlkchaøb h`b kc lfuhchaøb   fl  k`s ba
ó`s, plr` ls` nul søk` lk rlsuktcf` fl kc hcpchafcf   fl  mchlr

9> 99

Kc s`halfcf abfustrack urdcbc mc lbtrcf` p`r kc nulrzc lb


AAA kc ncgakac, mchaábf`sl hcri` fl gúktapkls nubha`bls qul lb
ckiúb g`glbt` nulr`b h`bsaflrcfcs h`g` fldlrls ncgakacrls.
\B G@FLK@ NCGAKACT Lb kc chtuckafcf k`s cbhacb`s vavlb cpcrtcf`s, lb m`icrls pcrc
cbhacb`s ` lb h`bik`glrcf`s lfakaha`s mlhm`s lsplhackglbtl
pcrc k`s haufcfcb`s fl gcy`r lfcf. Lk s`stáb lh`bøgah` ls
prlvast` p`r kc s`halfcf c trcvás fl kc sliurafcf s`hack ` fl
dlblnahlbhac. K`s jøvlbls s`b lfuhcf`s p`r kcs lshulkcs, k`s
glfa`s fl fanusaøb y p`r sus h`gpcólr`s. Kc agp`rtcbhac flk
trcdcj` qul s`kçcb rlckazcr kcs gujlrls mc saf` rlfuhafc lb
n`rgc frãstahc p`r kc tlhb`k`içc g`flrbc, irchacs c kc huck
kcs tcrlcs blhlscracs pcrc kc vafc fl kc ubafcf ncgakacr s`b
rlckazcfcs p`r kcs gãquabcs h`b ubc gcy`r lnahalbhac. Kcs
h`bfaha`bls qul plrgatlb ` qul rlqualrlb qul cgd`s høb
Lk m`gdrl s`drlvavl lb irup`s5 lst` ls abmlrlbtl c kc h`b yuils trcdcjlb nulrc fl kc ncgakac hrlcb satucha`bls lb kcs
qul lk sastlgc lxtrcncgakacr pulfl cvavcr y lxchlrdcr k`s
fahaøb mugcbc.
ls kc naiurc \bcgcfrl
fl ubc fl kcsqul
blhlsafcfls gãspr`tljc
k` ckaglbtl, dãsahcsl abstruyc.
flk baó` h`bnkaht`s lbtrl k`s lsp`s`s.
Cflgãs, lk m`gdrl mc s`drlvavaf` lb t`fcs kcs s`halfcfls Jubt` c t`f`s lst`s hcgda`s, lk m`gdrl g`flrb` saiul cfma
c trcvás fl su plrtlblbhac c fanlrlbtls cirupcgalbt`s s`hac ralbf` c ubc slral fl vck`rls qul plrtlblhlb c ubc s`halfcf
kls. Lb kcs s`halfcfls pragatavcs, `dslrvcg`s cgpka`s cirupc fanlrlbtl, ubc s`halfcf lb kc qul k`s kçgatls lbtrl kc ncgakac
galbt`s h`b ubc fastraduhaøb lstcdkl fl kcs nubha`bls. Lb kc y k` lxtrcncgakacr lstãb flkablcf`s h`b hkcrafcf. Kc cfmlrlb
glfafc lb qul kcs s`halfcfls sl mchlb gãs h`gpkljcs y sl hac c ub g`flk` pcscf` fl g`fc h`bfuhl c hkcsanahcr c gu
rlqualrlb bulvcs mcdakafcfls, sl fanlrlbhacb lstruhturcs s` hmcs satucha`bls qul s`b hkcrcglbtl trcbsaha`bckls h`g` pct`
hackls. Kc havakazchaøb urdcbc y b` urdcbc abfustrack g`flrbc køiahcs y pct`iábahcs. Lk hratlra` pcrc kc vafc ncgakacr saiul
kl pkcbtlc ck m`gdrl f`s rlqulragalbt`s h`bnkahtav`s: kc hc salbf` lk klilbfcra` "lbt`bhls sl hcscr`b y vavalr`b nlkahls
pchafcf pcrc flscrr`kkcr mcdakafcfls cktcglbtl lsplhackazcfcs p`r salgprl jcgãs". B` ls s`rprlbflbtl, lbt`bhls, qul t`fcs
y kc hcpchafcf pcrc ubc rãpafc cfcptchaøb c ub lshlbcra` s` kcs ncgakacs qulflb guy klj`s fl lstl aflck.
ha`-lh`bøgah` qul sl g`fanahc h`bstcbtlglbtl. Kc ncgakac Lk gubf` `hhaflbtck sl lbhulbtrc lb ub lstcf` fl trcbsa
salgprl mc sunraf` hcgda`s pcrcklk`s c k`s hcgda`s fl kc haøb, y kc ncgakac qul salgprl fldl ch`g`fcrsl c kc s`hal
s`halfcf. Xl mc mlhm` hcri` y mc cdcbf`bcf` kcs nubha`bls fcf, sl g`fanahc jubtcglbtl h`b ák. _lr`, fldaf` c kcs fa
fl pr`tlilr y s`hackazcr c sus galgdr`s h`g` rlspulstc c kcs nahuktcfls trcbsaha`bckls, kc tcrlc psah`s`hack nubfcglbtck fl
blhlsafcfls fl kc hukturc. Lb lsl slbtaf`, kcs nubha`bls fl kc ncgakac ‖cp`ycr c sus galgdr`s‖ mc ckhcbzcf` gãs ag
kc ncgakac sarvlb c f`s `djltav`s fastabt`s. \b` ls abtlrb` ‖kc p`rtcbhac qul bubhc. Xøk` kc ncgakac, kc gãs plqulóc ubafcf
pr`tlhhaøb psah`-s`hack fl sus galgdr`s5 lk `tr` ls lxtlrb` s`hack, pulfl hcgdacr y ck gasg` talgp` gcbtlblr ubc h`b
‖kc ch`g`fchaøb c ubc hukturc y kc trcbsgasaøb fl lsc hukturc. tabuafcf sunahalbtl pcrc kc lfuhchaøb fl baó`s qul b` slrãb

9= 91

Lk slbtaf` fl aflbtafcf fl hcfc abfavafu` ls abnkuaf` p`r


"lxtrcó`s lb ubc talrrc lxtrcóc", qul tlbfrãb rcçhls suna
su slbtaf` fl plrtlblbhac c fanlrlbtls irup`s. _crtl fl kc aflb
halbtlglbtl nargls pcrc hrlhlr y cfcptcrsl.
tafcf fl Gcre Yciblr sl `raiabc lb lk mlhm` fl qul ls lk
pcfrl fl V`ggy y lk lsp`s` fl Lgaky, csç h`g` tcgdaáb lk
maj` fl sus pcfrls. K`s h`gp`blbtls flk slbtaf` fl aflbta
KC GCVTAZ FL KC AFLBVAFCF fcf fl ub abfavafu` sl g`fanahcb y plrgcblhlb h`bstcbtls.
H`g` k` slóckø T`ilr Dcrelr, "kc plrs`bc psah`køiahc qul
Lb t`fcs kcs hukturcs, kc ncgakac agpragl c sus galgdr`s lshradl lbscy`s, gcrhc pubt`s lb ub juli` y hruzc hckkls,
ub slbtagalbt` fl aflbtafcf abflplbfalbtl. Kc lxplralbhac plrgcblhl h`g` ubc lbtafcf aflbtanahcdkl lbtrl pcrtls abtl
mugcbc fl aflbtafcf p`sll f`s lklglbt`s5 ub slbtagalbt` fl ra`rls ablstcdkls y h`btlxt`s lxtlra`rls c k`s qul sl lbhulbtrc
aflbtafcf y ub slbtaf` fl slpcrchaøb. Lk kcd`rct`ra` lb lk kaicf`, y, ck gasg` talgp`, pr`nubfcglbtl slpcrcf`."   Kc 3

qul lst`s abirlfalbtls sl glzhkcb y sl pr`vllb, ls kc ncgakac, plrs`bc psah`køiahc, qul ls ubc lbtafcf slpcrcfc, sl lbhulb
kc gctraz fl kc aflbtafcf. trc vabhukcfc h`b h`btlxt`s lxtlra`rls.
Lb k`s pr`hls`s prlh`hls fl s`hackazchaøb, kcs ncgakacs g`k Cubqul kc ncgakac ls kc gctraz flk flscrr`kk` psah`s`hack fl
flcb y pr`ircgcb kc h`bfuhtc flk baó` y lk slbtaf` fl kc sus galgdr`s, tcgdaáb fldl ch`g`fcrsl c kc s`halfcf y ic
aflbtafcf. Lk slbtaf
slbtaf`` fl pplrtlblbhac
lrtlblbhac sl ch`gp
ch`gpcóc*
cóc* h`b ubc rcbtazcr ckiubc h`btabuafcf c su hukturc. Lstc nubhaøb s`hack
ch`g`fchaøb p`r pcrtl flk baó` c k`s irup`s ncgakacrls y h`b ls chtuckglbtl kc nulbtl fl ctcquls h`btrc kc ncgakac lb k`s
su csubhaøb fl pcutcs trcbschha`bckls lb kc lstruhturc ncga Lstcf`s \baf`s. Kc s`halfcf b`rtlcglrahcbc lstã hcgdacbf`,
kacr qul sl gcbtalblb c trcvás fl k`s fanlrlbtls ch`btlhagalb y lb su abtlra`r guhm`s irup`s qualrlb chlklrcr lk hcgda`.
t`s fl kc vafc. V`ggy Yciblr ls ub Yciblr, y c trcvás fl
Ls`s irup`s h`bsaflrcb c kc ncgakac, k` qul ls dcstcbtl halrt`,
t`fc su vafc slrã lk maj` fl Lgaky y Gcre. Lstl slrã ub
p`r `trc pcrtl, h`g` ub lklglbt` fl h`bslrvcf`rasg` y ubc
agp`rtcbtl ncht`r fl su lxastlbhac. Lk mlhm` fl qul Gcre
ls lk pcfrl fl V`ggy h`bstatuyl ub agp`rtcbtl ncht`r lb nulbtl fl lstcbhcgalbt`. K`s ctcquls h`btrc kc ncgakac s`b
kc vafc fl Gcre, ck aiuck qul lk mlhm` fl slr lk lsp`s` fl tçpah`s fl k`s plrç`f`s rlv`kuha`bcra`s. Hrast` kls faj` c sus
Lgaky. Lk slbtaf` fl kc aflbtafcf fl hcfc galgdr` sl lb fashçpuk`s qul cdcbf`bcslb c sus pcfrls y ncgakacs y k` sa
hulbtrc abnkuaf` p`r su slbtaf` fl plrtlblbhac c ubc ncgakac iualslb. Kcs Tlv`kuha`bls Nrcbhlsc, Tusc, Hmabc, hcrh`gal
lsplhçnahc. r`b kc lstruhturc ncgakacr trcfaha`bck lb ls`s pcçsls, lb ub
Lk slbtaf` fl slpcrchaøb y fl abfavafuchaøb sl k`irc c trc abtlbt` pcrcasrclkç
Lk eaddutz chlklrcr lk pr`irls`
h`bstatuyl `tr`mchac ub bulv`
ljlgpk` `rflbpr`hls`
flk gasg` s`hack.
vás fl kc pcrtahapchaøb lb fanlrlbtls sudsastlgcs ncgakacrls s`hack.
lb fanlrlbtls h`btlxt`s ncgakacrls, ck aiuck qul c trcvás fl kc Kcs klyls ruscs rlnlrlbtls c kc ncgakac lb lk trcbshurs` y fls
pcrtahapchaøb lb irup`s lxtrcncgakacrls. Lk baó` y kc ncgakac puás fl su Tlv`kuhaøb akustrcb lstl pr`hls`. Lb k`s có`s fl
hrlhlb lb h`bjubt`, y kc ch`g`fchaøb fl kc ncgakac c kcs bl kc fáhcfc fl 314? c 318?, kcs klyls qul rliukcdcb lk gc
hlsafcfls flk baó` flkagatc ãrlcs fl cut`b`gçc qul ák lxpl trag`ba`, lk fav`rha` y lk cd`rt` tlbfalr`b mchac kc fas`kuhaøb
raglbtc h`g` slpcrchaøb. _crc lsl baó` pcrtahukcr sl hrlc ub
fl kc ncgakac. _lr` lb kc fáhcfc fl 318? c 316?, hucbf` Tusac
tlrrat`ra` psah`køiah` y trcbschha`bck. Xlr V`g ls fanlrlbtl
c slr ub Yciblr. sl `ralbtcdc mchac kc hrastckazchaøb fl sus bulvcs b`rgcs s`

=? =3

hçckls, kcs klyls sl g`fanahcr`b pcrc h`bs`kafcr kc h`btabuafcf UMabt`  fl vastc flk pr`fuht`r. Abnkuaf` p`r kcs h`bhlpha`bls
ncgakacr . Lb n`rgc sagakcr, k`s eaddutzag asrclkçls talbflb lb
4
h`rralbtls fl kc ncgakac, slklhha`bø y sudrcyø lxtrcht`s qul
kc chtuckafcf c abhrlglbtcr kcs nubha`bls fl kc ncgakac buhklcr ljlgpkanahcdcb lstcs `paba`bls. Lk hcglrcgcb y lk rlst` flk
lb lk abtlra`r flk eaddutz. Lb guhm`s fl lkk`s, lb kc chtucka plrs`bck qul rlckazø lk pr`ircgc pr`fujlr`b fast`rsa`bls sa
fcf k`s dldás plrgcblhlb lb kc mcdatchaøb fl sus pcfrls gakcrls, lsh`ialr`b y sudrcycr`b k` qul h`bsaflrcr`b h`g`
y k`s baó`s vavlb h`b lkk`s furcbtl ub plrç`f` gãs pr`k`b csplht`s rlklvcbtls fl kc ncgakac. K`s b`rtlcglrahcb`s valr`b
icf`, cbtls fl abstckcrsl lb lk m`icr fl k`s baó`s. ubc ncgakac b`rtlcglrahcbc prlslbtcfc fl chulrf` h`b kcs
V`f` lstufa` fl kc ncgakac fldl abhkuar su h`gpklglbtc- h`bhlpha`bls hukturckls fl kcs ncgakacs h`bvlbha`bckls.
ralfcf h`b kc s`halfcf. Kc ncgakac buhklcr, qul lb tl`rçc, ck K`s ctcquls h`btrc kc ncgakac pr`valblb fl guhmcs nulbtls.
glb`s, h`bstatuyl kc b`rgc fl kc hkcsl glfac b`rtlcglrahcbc, H`bnkuylb lb lkk`s k`s kçflrls abtlklhtuckls flk g`vagalbt`
ls ub flscrr`kk` mastørah` rlhalbtl. Cúb lb kc chtuckafcf, sl fl h`btrc-hukturc y k`s irup`s fl jøvlbls qul mcb rlckazcf`
lbhulbtrc h`bnabcfc lb ircb glfafc c kcs s`halfcfls urdcbcs lxplralbhacs fl n`rgcs h`gubatcracs fl `ricbazchaøb ncgakacr
abfustrackazcfcs. K`s h`bhlpt`s fl kcs nubha`bls ncgakacrls y fl lfuhchaøb fl baó`s h`gubatcrac. Lb lk hcgp` fl kc sc
tcgdaáb hcgdacb c glfafc qul sl g`fanahc kc s`halfcf. Mcstc kuf glbtck, T. F. Kcabi y sus fashçpuk`s mcb abnkuaf` lb ircb
mchl huctr`halbt`s có`s, b` sl h`bsaflrcdc c kc ncgakac h`g` glfafc s`drl lstcs h`bhlpha`bls ck flshradar c kc ncgakac h`g`
ubc ubafcf fl lfuhchaøb flk baó`, y rlhaáb guhm` talgp` ub pr`fuht`r gcklv`klbtl fl psah`sas y, k` qul ls cub pl`r,
6
flspuás sl rlh`b`haø c k`s baó`s h`g` abfavafu`s h`b sus fl k`s cfukt`s "b`rgckls" qul puldkcb bulstr` gubf` . Lk
pr`pa`s flrlhm`s . 8
bulv` g`vagalbt` nlgabastc tcgdaáb mc ctchcf` c kc ncga
Lb kc chtuckafcf, kc ncgakac b`rtlcglrahcbc, ck aiuck qul kc kac, flshradaábf`kc h`g` ubc trabhmlrc flk hmcuvabasg` gcshu
s`halfcf b`rtlcglrahcbc, sl lbhulbtrc lb ub plrç`f` fl trcb kab`. H`bsaflrcb c kc ncgakac buhklcr h`g` ubc `ricbazchaøb
sahaøb. Q ck aiuck qul kc s`halfcf fl kc qul n`rgc pcrtl, qul ablvatcdklglbtl pr`fuhl baóatcs lfuhcfcs pcrc slr ls
kc ncgakac ls ctchcfc. _`r ljlgpk`, ub pr`ircgc fl tlklvasaøb p`scs lb kc hcsc fl guólhcs, y baóat`s qul tcgdaáb sl vlrãb
lfuhctav` fl f`hl m`rcs, "ubc ncgakac b`rtlcglrahcbc'*, saiuaø ctrcpcf`s p`r pcutcs suplrcfcs.
c kc ncgakac K`uf c trcvás fl kcs rutabcs fl su vafc y sus Kc ncgakac hcgdacrã c glfafc qul hcgdal kc s`halfcf. _r`
rlkcha`bls h`b sus trcdcj`s, lshulkc, pcralbtls p`kçtah`s y cga dcdklglbtl lb n`rgc h`gpklglbtcrac, kc s`halfcf flscrr`kkc
i`s. Ckiubcs plrs`bcs h`bsaflrcr`b c lstc prlslbtchaøb h`g` rã lstruhturcs lxtrcncgakacrls pcrc cfcptcrsl c kcs bulvcs h`
ubc rlv`kuhaøb fl k`s glfa`s fl h`gubahchaøb gcsav`s5 h`b rralbtls fl plbscgalbt` y c kcs bulvcs rlckafcfls s`hackls y
ub vck`r cbtr`p`køiah` saibanahctav`. @tr`s hratahcr`b lj hc lh`bøgahcs. Kc fáhcfc fl 319? ls ck pcrlhlr ub plrç`f`
rãhtlr pr`scah` fl kc prlslbtchaøb fl kc vafc ncgakacr. \b abtlrglfa` fl kuhmc, lb huy` trcbshurs` k`s hcgda`s hrlcb
irup` hratah` saibanahctav` nul kc pr`pac ncgakac K`uf. Lb pr` ubc blhlsafcf fl lstruhturcs qul cúb b` mcb suriaf`. _`r
ircgcs fl tlklvasaøb abflplbfalbtl trctcr`b fl h`gubahcr ljlgpk`, lk ircb búglr` fl ncgakacs lb kc qul cgd`s pcfrls
c ubc cufalbhac fl gakk`bls qul b` kls circfcdc vlrsl c sç trcdcjcb nulrc flk m`icr mc hrlcf` ubc blhlsafcf pcrc slr
gasg`s tck h`g` k`s mcdçcb rltrctcf`. Xlóckcr`b qul lb su vaha`s fl huafcf` fl k`s baó`s furcbtl lk fçc, qul b` lxas
vafc mcdçc guhm` gãs fl k` qul mcdçc saf` g`strcf`. K` tlb cúb.
qul kc cufalbhac b`rtlcglrahcbc va` nul, lb rlckafcf, lk Kc drlhmc ilblrcha`bck h`bstatuyl `tr` ljlgpk` fl blhlsa-

=4 =8

fcf ls b` sctasnlhmcs. Kc ncgakac rlbubhac c kc s`hackazchaøb Xus tcrlcs b` s`b nãhakls5 k`s Yciblr, h`b t`fcs kcs fanahuk
fl k`s baó`s c ubc lfcf hcfc vlz gãs tlgprcbc. Kc lshulkc,W tcfls qul flshradlb lb kc n`rgchaøb fl kc ncgakac y lk bcha
k`s glfa`s fl fanusaøb y k`s irup`s abncbtakls sl `hupcb hcfc galbt` fl su maj`, ljlgpkanahcb kcs tlbsa`bls qul lbnrlbtc t`fc
vlz lb gcy`r glfafc fl kc iuac y lfuhchaøb fl k`s baó`s5 ncgakac b`rgck. _lr` lb halrt` g`f` kc h`bhlphaøb mcdatuck
gcy`rls. _lr` kc s`halfcf b` mc flscrr`kkcf` cúb nulbtls lx-5 aflckazcfc chlrhc fl kc ncgakac b`rgck ls kc fl qul b` pr`
trcncgakacrls
Kc s`halfcfcflhucfcs fl s`hackazchaøb
Gcsca p`slçc ubc hukturcy fl
cp`y`.
k`s irup`s cf` fuhlkc strlss.
fl ncgakac,_lsl c k`s fl
lk gat` lstufa`s s`ha`køiah`s
kc pkãhafc y cbtr`p`køiah`s
b`rgckafcf plrsastl, cp`
klshlbtls qul lrc lb ircb glfafc abflplbfalbtl plr` c kc ycf` p`r m`rcs fl pr`ircgcs tlklvasav`s lb k`s qul sl `dslr
qul sl kl csaibcdcb ckiubcs tcrlcs lsplhçnahcs qul lk irup` vcb plrs`bcjls dafaglbsa`bckls. Lstc agcilb fl plrs`bcs qul
fldçc rlckazcr dcj` ubc suplrvasaøb plrgasavc fl k`s iulrrlr`s vavlb lb crg`bçc, lbnrlbtcbf` kcs flshcrics s`hackls sab arra
fl kc tradu. Fl lsl g`f`, k`s jøvlbls p`fçcb rlckazcr k`s tcrsl y h``plrcbf` salgprl gutucglbtl sl flrrugdc tcb
pr`hls`s cflhucf`s c su lfcf fl slpcrchaøb fl kc ncgakac pr`bt` h`g` sl `dslrvc c huckqualr ncgakac h`b sus pr`dkl
y fl cfquasahaøb fl su abflplbflbhac sab ckalbcrsl fl kc gcs h`rralbtls. Xab lgdcri`, ls ckcrgcbtl qul lb ckiub`s
s`halfcf lb su h`bjubt`. K`s irup`s fl jøvlbls fl k`s kraddut- hcs`s lstl stcbfcrf slc gcbtlbaf` p`r tlrcplutcs qul h`b
zag asrclkçls flslgplócb ubc nubhaøb sagakcr. Kc s`halfcf `h nr`btcb lk nubha`bcgalbt` fl kcs ncgakacs-pchalbtls h`b kc
haflbtck b` p`sll nubha`bls hkcrcglbtl fanlrlbhacfcs pcrc k`s agcilb aflckazcfc. Nrluf slóckø qul kc tlrcpac g`fanahc kcs
cf`klshlbtls. Hucbf` kc ncgakac fljc fl `hupcrsl fl sus maj`s, pcutcs blurøtahcs h`bvartaábf`kcs lb kcs gaslracs b`rgckls fl
k`s fljc c hcri` fl sastlgcs fl cp`y` abcflhucf`s. B` ls kc vafc. Xu h`glbtcra` ls aiuckglbtl halrt` pcrc kc tlrcpac
s`rprlbflbtl qul kcs hrasas fl aflbtafcf fl k`s cf`klshlb ncgakacr.
tls mcycb fcf` kuicr c ub halrt` búglr` fl nlbøglb`s s` Kc ncgakac b`rgck b` pulfl slr fastabiuafc fl kc ncgakac
hacklss cbtabøgah`s .
hackl 3
cb`rgck p`r kc cuslbhac fl pr`dklgcs5 p`r k` tcbt`, lk tlrc
K`s hcgda`s salgprl sl `ralbtcb flsfl kc s`halfcf mchac plutc fldl fasp`blr fl ub lsqulgc h`bhlptuck flk nubha`
kc ncgakac, bubhc flsfl kc ubafcf gãs plqulóc c kc gcy`r. bcgalbt` ncgakacr qul k` cyufl c cbckazcr c ubc ncgakac. \b
Kc ncgakac hcgdacrã, plr` tcgdaáb plrsastarã fldaf` c qul lsqulgc dcscf` lb kc h`bhlphaøb fl kc ncgakac h`g` ub
h`bstatuyl kc glj`r ubafcf mugcbc pcrc s`halfcfls rãpafc sastlgc qul `plrc flbtr` fl h`btlxt`s s`hackls lsplhçnah`s,
glbtl hcgdacbtls. Hucbt` gcy`r nklxadakafcf y cfcptcdaka talbl trls h`gp`blbtls. Lb praglr kuicrµ kc lstruhturc fl
fcf rlqualrc kc s`halfcf fl sus galgdr`s, gãs saibanahctavc ubc ncgakac ls kc fl ub sastlgc s`ha`hukturck cdalrt` lb pr`
slrã kc ncgakac h`g` gctraz flk flscrr`kk` psah`s`hack. hls` fl trcbsn`rgchaøb. Lb sliubf` kuicr, kc ncgakac gulstrc
Flk gasg` g`f` lb qul lb ub slbtaf` ilbárah` kc ncgakac ub flscrr`kk` flspkczãbf`sl c trcvás fl ub halrt` buglr` fl
hcgdac y sl cfcptc c kcs harhubstcbhacs mastørahcs, tcgdaáb ltcpcs qul lxailb ubc rllstruhturchaøb. Lb tlrhlr kuicr, kc
kc ncgakac abfavafuck sl cfcptc h`bstcbtlglbtl. Kc ncgakac ncgakac sl cfcptc c kcs harhubstcbhacs hcgdacbtls fl g`f` tck
ls ub sastlgc cdalrt` lb trcbsn`rgchaøb, ls flhar qul h`bs qul gcbtalbl ubc h`btabuafcf y n`glbtc lk hrlhagalbt` psa
tcbtlglbtl rlhadl y lbvçc flshcrics fl y flsfl lk glfa` h`s`hack fl hcfc galgdr`. Kc lbtrlvastc h`b k`s Yciblr nul
lxtrcncgakacr, y sl cfcptc c kcs fanlrlbtls flgcbfcs fl kcs `ralbtcfc fl ub g`f` qul plrgatalsl flshudrar lk sliubf`
ltcpcs fl flscrr`kk` qul lbnrlbtc. h`gp`blbtl fl lstl lsqulgc, sus ltcpcs fl flscrr`kk`, y k`s

=6 =<

h`glbtcra`s prlslbtcdcb csplht`s gãs ilbárah`s flk flscrr`kk` y kc lsp`sc chlptlb kc abtlrflplbflbhac y `plrlb h`g` ub
fl kc ncgakac. Kc lstruhturc fl kc ncgakac y su cfcptchaøb lquap`.
rlqualrlb ubc fashusaøb gãs pr`nubfc. Lk sliubf` sastlgc fl h`chhaøb ls afa`sabhrãsah`, l agpkahc
kcs lxplhtctavcs gutucs fl k`s favlrs`s galgdr`s fl kc nc
gakac. Lk `railb fl lstcs lxplhtctavcs sl lbhulbtrc slpuktcf`
LXVT\HV\TC NCGAKACT p`r có`s fl bli`hacha`bls lxpkçhatcs l agpkçhatcs lbtrl k`s
galgdr`s fl kc ncgakac, rlkcha`bcfcs c glbuf` h`b k`s pl
Kc lstruhturc ncgakacr ls lk h`bjubt` abvasadkl fl flgcbfcs quló`s ch`btlhagalbt`s facra`s. C glbuf`, kc bcturcklzc fl
nubha`bckls qul `ricbazcb k`s g`f`s lb qul abtlrchtúcb k`s k`s h`btrct`s `raiabckls mc saf` `kvafcfc, y ls p`sadkl qul
galgdr`s fl ubc ncgakac. \bc ncgakac ls ub sastlgc qul `plrc bubhc mcycb saf` lxpkçhat`s. _lr` kcs pcutcs plrgcblhlb ‖h`
c trcvás fl pcutcs trcbschha`bckls. Kcs trcbschha`bls rlplta g` ub pak`t` cut`gãtah`‖ lb rlkchaøb h`b ubc ch`g`fchaøb
fcs lstcdklhlb pcutcs chlrhc fl quá gcblrc, huãbf` y h`b gutuc y h`b ubc lnahchac nubha`bck.
quaáb rlkcha`bcrsl, y lstcs pcutcs cpubtckcb lk sastlgc. Hucb Fl lsl g`f`, lk sastlgc sl gcbtalbl c sç gasg`. @nrlhl
rlsastlbhacs ck hcgda` gãs ckkã fl halrt` bavlk y h`bslrvc kcs
f` ubc gcfrl kl fahl c su maj` qul dldc su jui` y ástl `dl
pcutcs prlnlrafcs furcbtl tcbt` talgp` h`g` pulfl mchlrk`.
flhl, lstc abtlrchhaøb flnabl quaáb ls lkkc lb rlkchaøb h`b ák
y quaáb ls ák lb rlkchaøb h`b lkkc, lb lsl h`btlxt` y lb lsl Lb
t`fclkflsvachaøb
abtlra`r flk
qul sastlgc
vc gãs lxastlb
ckkã flk pcutcs
ugdrck cktlrbctavcs.
fl t`klrcbhac_lr`
flk
g`glbt`. Kcs `plrcha`bls rlpltafcs lb ls`s tárgab`s h`bs sastlgc lxhatc glhcbasg`s qul rlstcdklhlb lk bavlk mcdatuck.
tatuylb ubc pcutc trcbschha`bck. Hucbf` lxastlb satucha`bls fl flslquakadra` flk sastlgc, ls
Lb su lbtrlvastc k`s Yciblr flshradalr`b guhmcs pcutcs fl mcdatuck qul k`s galgdr`s fl kc ncgakac h`bsaflrlb qul k`s
lstl tap`. Lgaky pkcblc p`r k` ilblrck kcs chtavafcfls scdc `tr`s galgdr`s b` hugpklb h`b sus `dkaicha`bls. Cpcrlhlb
tabcs fl kc ncgakac, plr` søk` ub mlhm` fl agp`rtcbhac nub lbt`bhls rlqulragalbt`s fl klcktcf ncgakacr y gcba`drcs fl
fcglbtck kc kklvcrçc c abtlrnlrar h`b kcs chtavafcfls fl plshc abfuhhaøb fl hukpcdakafcf . >

fl su gcraf` flk f`gabi`. Lb su ncgakac fl `railb, Lgaky Xab lgdcri`, kc lstruhturc ncgakacr fldl slr hcpcz fl cfcp
sl lbh`btrcdc agpkahcfc lb ubc h`ckahaøb jubt` h`b su gcfrl tcrsl hucbf` kcs harhubstcbhacs hcgdacb. Kc lxastlbhac h`bta
lb h`btrc fl su pcfrl. Kc gcfrl lstagukcdc c kc majc c fls`dl buc fl kc ncgakac h`g` sastlgc flplbfl fl ubc icgc suna
flhlr ck pcfrl, qualb h`gpklglbtcdc kc satuchaøb ctchcbf` halbtl fl pcutcs, kc fasp`badakafcf fl pcutcs trcbschha`bckls
c kc majc hucbf` sl lbh`btrcdc lb`jcf` h`b kc gcfrl. cktlrbctavcs, y kc nklxadakafcf pcrc g`vakazcrkcs hucbf` ls bl
Kcs pcutcs trcbschha`bckls rliukcb kc h`bfuhtc fl k`s galg hlscra` mchlrk`. Kc ncgakac fldl rlsp`bflr c hcgda`s abtlr
dr`s fl kc ncgakac. X`b gcbtlbafcs p`r f`s sastlgcs fl h`ch b`s y lxtlrb`s y, p`r k` tcbt`, fldl slr hcpcz fl trcbsn`rgcrsl
haøb. Lk praglr` ls ilbárah` l agpkahc kcs rlikcs ubavlrsckls fl g`f` tck qul kl plrgatc lbhcrcr bulvcs harhubstcbhacs sab
qul i`dalrbcb kc `ricbazchaøb ncgakacr. _`r ljlgpk`, fldl plrflr kc h`btabuafcf qul pr`p`rha`bc ub gcrh` fl rlnl
lxastar ubc jlrcrquçc fl p`flr lb kc qul k`s pcfrls y k`s maj`s rlbhac c sus galgdr`s.
p`sllb bavlkls fl cut`rafcf fanlrlbtls. Vcgdaáb fldl lxastar Lk sastlgc ncgakacr sl fanlrlbhac y flslgplóc sus nubha`
ubc h`gpklglbtcralfcf fl kcs nubha`bls, lb kc qul lk gcraf` bls c trcvás fl sus sudsastlgcs. K`s abfavafu`s s`b sudsas-

=> =9

tlg
tlgcscs lb lk abtlra`r fl ubc ncgakac. Kcs
Kc s facfcs, h`g` kc fl
Kc nubhaøb fl k`s kçgatls rlsafl lb pr`tlilr kc fanlrlbhac-
gcraf`-gujlr ` gcfrl-maj`, pulflb slr sudsastlgcs. K`s sud
haøb flk sastlgc. V`f` sudsastlgc ncgakacr p`sll nubha`bls
sastlgcs pulflb slr n`rgcf`s p`r ilblrchaøb, slx`, abtlrás
lsplhçnahcs y pkcbtlc flgcbfcs lsplhanahcs c sus galgdr`s,
` nubhaøb.
y lk flscrr`kk` fl kcs mcdakafcfls abtlrplrs`bckls qul sl k`
Hcfc abfavafu` plrtlblhl c fanlrlbtls sudsastlgcs lb k`s irc lb lsl sudsastlgc, ls cnargcf` lb kc kadlrtcf fl k`s sud
qul p`sll fanlrlbtls bavlkls fl p`flr y lb k`s qul cprlbfl sastlgcs fl kc abtlrnlrlbhac p`r pcrtl fl `tr`s sudsastlgcs.
mcdakafcfls fanlrlbhacfcs. \b m`gdrl pulfl slr ub maj`, s` _`r ljlgpk`, kc hcpchafcf pcrc ch`g`fchaøb h`gpklglbtcrac
drab`, mlrgcb` gcy`r, mlrgcb` glb`r, lsp`s`, pcfrl, y csa lbtrl k`s lsp`s`s rlqualrl kc kadlrtcf fl kc abtlrnlrlbhac p`r
suhlsavcglbtl. Lb fanlrlbtls sudsastl
sudsastlgcs
gcs sl abh`rp`rc c fanl pcrtl fl k`s pcralbtls p`kçtah`s y fl k`s maj`s y, lb ckiub`s
rlbtls rlkcha`bls h`gpklglbtcracs. Kcs plrs`bcs sl ch`g`fcb hcs`s, p`r pcrtl
pcr tl flk glfa` lxtrcncg
lxtrcncgakacr.
akacr. Lk flscrr`kk` fl mc
lb n`rgc fl hcklaf`sh`pa` pcrc k`ircr kc rlhapr`hafcf qul p` dakafcfls pcrc bli`hacr h`b k`s pcfrls, qul sl cprlbfl lbtrl
sadakatc kcs rlkcha`bls mugcbcs. Lk baó` fldl chtucr h`g` ub k`s mlrgcb`s, rlqualrl kc b` abtlrnlrlbhac fl k`s pcfrls.
maj` h`g` su pcfrl chtúc h`g` ub pcfrl5 y hucbf` lk baó`
_crc qul lk nubha`bcgalbt` ncgakacr slc cflhucf`, k`s ka
k` mchl ls p`sadkl qul fldc hlflr lk p`flr flk qul fasnrutc
gatls fl k`s sudsastlgcs fldls slr hkcr`s. Fldlb flnabarsl
hucbf` abtlrchrúc h`b su mlrgcb` glb`r. Kc `ricbazchaøb
h`b sunahalbtl prlhasaøb h`g` pcrc plrgatar c k`s galgdr`s fl
lb sudsastlgc fl ubc ncgakac pr`p`rha`bc ub lbtrlbcgalbt`
k`s sudsastlgcs lk flscrr`kk` fl sus nubha`bls sab abtlrnlrlb
cflhucf`
cflh ucf` lb lk pr`hls` fl gcbtlbag
gcbtlbagalbt`
albt` flk fanlrlbhacf` hacs abfldafcs, plr` tcgdaáb fldlb plrgatar lk h`btcht` lb
"y` s`y", ck gasg` talgp` qul ljlrhl sus mcdakafcfls abtlr trl k`s galgdr`s
galgdr`s flk sudsastlg
sudsastlgcc y k`s ``tr`s.
tr`s. Kc h`gp`sahaøb
h`gp`sahaøb
plrs`bckls lb fanlrlbtls bavlkls. fl sudsastlgcs `ricbazcf`s ckrlflf`r fl kcs nubha`bls ncga
 Kagatls:
 Kagat ls:  K`s kagatls fl ub sudsastlg
sudsastlgcc lstãb h`bstatuaf`s kacrls b` ls tcb saibanahctavc h`g` kc hkcrafcf fl k`s kçgatls
p`r kcs rlikcs qul flnablb quaábls pcrtahapcb, y fl quá gc
blrc. _`r ljlgpk`, lk kagatl fl ub sudsastlgc pcrlbtck sl lb
hulbtrc flnabaf` hucbf` ubc gcfrl (G) kl fahl c su maj`
gcy`r: "B` lrls lk pcfrl fl tu mlrgcb`. Xa cbfc lb dahahkl
tc p`r kc hckkl, fçglk`
fçglk` y k` mcrá v`kvlr
v`kvlr"
" (Nai. 4 ).
Xa lk sudsastlg
sudsastlgc
c pcrlbtck abhkuyl
abhkuyl ub maj`
maj` pcrlb
pcrlbtck
tck ( M_ ) lk
kçgatl ls flnabaf` p`r kc gcfrl qul kl fahl ck baó`: "Mcst
"Mcstc
c
qul vulkvc flk ckgcháb, Cbbal sl `hupc fl t`f`" (Nai. 8).

== =1
 

fl su lstruhturc. \b sudsastlgc pcrlbtck qul abhkuyl c ubc tap` fl abtlrchhaøb, b` c ubc fanlrlbhac huckatctavc lbtrl k`
cdulkc ` c ub maj` pcrlbtck pulfl nubha`bcr plrnlhtcglbtl nubha`bck y k` fasnubha`bck. Kc gcy`r pcrtl fl kcs ncgakacs
dalb, salgprl qul kcs kçblcs fl rlsp`bscdakafcf y fl cut`ra- p`sllb sudsastlgcs cikutabcf`s y flskaicf`s. Ls pásadkl qul
fcf sl lbhulbtrlb flnabafcs h`b bataflz. lk sudsastlgc gcfrl-maj` talbfc mchac lk cikutabcgalbt` nrlbtl
Kc hkcrafcf fl k`s kçgatls lb lk abtlra`r fl ubc ncgakac c k`s baó`s. Kc gcfrl y k`s baó`s gãs plquló`s pulflb ciku
h`bstatuyl ub pcrãgltr` útak pcrc kc lvckuchaøb fl su nub- tabcrsl mcstc ub pubt` tck h`g` pcrc fltlrgabcr qul lk pc
ha`bcgalbt`. Ckiubcs ncgakacs sl vulkhcb mchac sç gasgcs pcrc frl slc plranárah`, galbtrcs lk pcfrl csugl ubc p`sahaøb gãs
flscrr`kkcr su pr`pa` gahr`h`sg`s, h`b ub abhrlglbt` h`bsl- h`gpr`gltafc h`b k`s maj`s gcy`rls. \b sudsastlgc pcfrl-maj`
hulbtl fl h`gubahchaøb y fl prl`hupchaøb lbtrl k`s galgdr`s pulfl tlbflr mchac lk flskaicgalbt` c glfafc qul k`s baó`s
fl kc ncgakac. H`g` pr`fuht` fl lkk`, kc fastcbhac fasgabuyl hrlhlb y, nabckglbtl, h`galbzcb c slpcrcrsl fl kc ncgakac.
y k`s kçgatls sl lsnugcb. Kc fanlrlbhachaøb flk sastlgc nc- Kcs `plrcha`bls lb k`s lxtrlg`s, sab lgdcri`, slóckcb ãrlcs
gakacr sl mchl fanusc. \b sastlgc fl lsl tap` pulfl s`drlhcr- fl p`sadkl pct`k`içc. \b sudsastlgc fl gcfrl l maj` sugc
icrsl y hcrlhlr fl k`s rlhurs`s blhlscra`s pcrc cfcptcrsl y glbtl cikutabcf`, p`r ljlgpk`, pulfl lxhkuar ck pcfrl qul
hcgdacr dcj` harhubstcbhacs fl strlss. @trcs ncgakacs sl flscrr`- sl h`bvalrtl lb lxhlsavcglbtl flskaicf`. Lk h`bslhulbtl fl
kkcb h`b kagatls guy rçiaf`s. Kc h`gubahchaøb lbtrl k`s sud- dakatcgalbt` fl kc abflplbflbhac fl k`s baó`s pulfl h`bstatuar
sastlgcs ls fançhak, y kcs nubha`bls pr`tlht`rcs fl kc ncgakac ub agp`rtcbtl ncht`r lb lk flscrr`kk` fl sçbt`gcs.
sl vlb csç plrjufahcfcs. Lst`s f`s lxtrlg`s flk nubha`bcgalb- K`s galgdr`s fl sudsastlgcs ` ncgakacs cikutabcf`s pul
t` fl k`s kagatls s`b flsaibcf`s h`g` cikutabcgalbt` y fls- flb vlrsl plrjufahcf`s lb lk slbtaf` fl qul lk lxcktcf` slb
kaicgalbt`. Ls p`sadkl h`bsaflrcr c t`fcs kcs ncgakacs h`g` taf` fl plrtlblbhac rlqualrl ub agp`rtcbtl cdcbf`b` fl kc
plrtlblhalbtls c ckiúb pubt` satucf` lbtrl ub h`btabuug hu- cut`b`gçc. Kc hcrlbhac fl ubc fanlrlbhachaøb lb sudsastlgcs
y`s p`k`s s`b k`s f`s lxtrlg`s fl kçgatls fanus`s, p`r ub kcf`, flsckalbtc kc lxpk`rchaøb y lk f`gaba` cutøb`g`s fl k`s pr`
y fl kagatls sugcglbtl rçiaf`s, p`r lk `tr` (Nai. 6). Kc gcy`r dklgcs. Lb k`s baó`s, lb pcrtahukcr, lk flscrr`kk` h`ibatav`-
pcrtl fl kcs ncgakacs sl abhkuylb flbtr` flk cgpka` lsplhtr` cnlhtav` sl vl csç abmadaf`. K`s galgdr`s fl sudsastlgcs `
b`rgck. ncgakacs flskaicf`s pulflb nubha`bcr lb n`rgc cutøb`gc, plr`
p`sllb flspr`p`rha`bcf` slbtaf` fl abflplbflbhac y hcrlhlb
Nai.  6
fl slbtagalbt`s fl klcktcf y plrtlblbhac y fl kc hcpchafcf
fl abtlrflplbflbhac y fl rlqulrar cyufc hucbf` kc blhlsatcb.
Lb `trcs pckcdrcs, ub sastlgc prøxag` ck lxtrlg` flskaicf`
flk h`btabuug t`klrc ubc cgpkac icgc fl vcracha`bls abfa
vafuckls lbtrl sus galgdr`s. _lr` k`s strlss qul cnlhtcb c ub`
fl k`s galgdr`s fl kc ncgakac b` ctrcvalscb sus kçgatls abcfl
hucfcglbtl rçiaf`s. Xøk` ub ckt` bavlk fl strlss abfavafuck
pulfl rlplrhutar h`b kc sunahalbtl abtlbsafcf h`g` pcrc ch
Lb tárgab`s mugcb`s, cikutabcgalbt`  y  flskaicgalbt` sl tavcr k`s sastlgcs fl cp`y` fl kc ncgakac. Lb lk lxtrlg` ciku
rlnalrlb c ub lstak` trcbschha`bck, ` fl prlnlrlbhac p`r ub tabcf` flk h`btabuug, sl `dslrvc k` h`btrcra`. Kc h`bfuhtc fl

1? 13

ub galgdr` cnlhtc fl abglfact` c k`s `tr`s y lk strlss `tr`s sastlgcs s`hackls. _ulfl n`glbtcr lk cprlbfazcjl, kc hrlc
fl ub galgdr` abfavafuck rlplrhutl abtlbscglbtl c trcvás tavafcf y lk hrlhagalbt`. Lb lk pr`hls` fl ch`g`fchaøb gu
fl k`s kçgatls y pr`fuhl ub rãpaf` lh` lb `tr`s sudsastlgcs. tuc, k`s høbyuils pulflb chtuckazcr csplht`s hrlctav`s fl sus
Cgd`s tap`s fl rlkchaøb pr`v`hcb pr`dklgcs ncgakacrls pcutcs qul plrgcblhçcb kctlbtls y cpubtckcr k`s glj`rls
hucbf` sl p`blb lb gcrhmc glhcbasg`s cfcptctav`s. Kc nc rcsi`s fl hcfc ub`. _lr` kcs pcrljcs tcgdaáb pulflb lstagu
gakac cikutabcfc rlsp`bfl c t`fc vcrachaøb lb rlkchaøb h`b kcrsl
absastargutucglbtl
lb glj`rcr k`s rcsi`s blictav`s.
` prlslrvcr K`s y,
c su pcrljc høbyuils
c trcváspulflb
fl lsl
k` mcdatuck h`b ubc lxhlsavc rcpaflz l abtlbsafcf. Kc ncgakac
flskaicfc talbfl c b` rlsp`bflr hucbf` ls blhlscra` mchlrk`. pr`hls`, flshckanahcrkc. Lb kuicr fl chlptcrkc h`g` ls, ag
Lb ubcubc ncgakac cikutabcfc
cikutabcfc k`s pcfrls
pcfrls pulflb vlrsl sugc
sugc p`blb bulv`s stcbfcrfs qul fldlb k`ircrsl. _ulflb lstcdkl
glbtl cnlhtcf`s p`rqul ub maj` b` h`gl lk p`strl. K`s pc hlr pcutcs trcbschha`bckls flk tap` flplbfalbtl-pr`tlht`r, lb
frls fl ubc ncgakac flskaicfc, p`r su pcrtl, pulflb plrgc huy` gcrh` lk galgdr` flplbfalbtl sl gcbtalbl h`g` tck,
blhlr abgutcdkls cbtl k`s pr`dklgcs lsh`kcrls fl ub maj`. pcrc pr`tlilr kc agprlsaøb fl su høbyuil fl slr lk pr`tlht`r.
C glbuf`, ub tlrcplutc `plrc h`g` ub flkablcf`r fl kçga Lscs pcutcs blictavcs pulflb lxastar lb kcs pcrljcs h`rralb
tls, qul hkcranahc k`s kçgatls fanus`s y cdrl k`s kçgatls lxhl tls sab qul lkk` agpkaqul ubc pct`k`içc ircvl ` g`tavcha`bls
savcglbtl rçiaf`s. Xu lvckuchaøb fl k`s sudsastlgcs ncgakac gcklv`klbtls lb babiub` fl sus galgdr`s. Xa ub tlrcplutc fl
rls y flk nubha`bcgalbt` fl k`s kçgatls pr`p`rha`bc ub rãpaf` dl lbnrlbtcr ubc pcutc qul nubha`bl lb n`rgc blictavc,
hucfr` facibøstah` fl kc ncgakac lb nubhaøb flk huck `ralbtc fldl tlblr lb hulbtc kc blhlsafcf fl lbnrlbtcr lk pr`hls`
sus abtlrvlbha`bls tlrcpáutahcs. sab ctchc
ctchcrr kcs g`tavcha`b
g`tavcha`bls
ls fl k`s pcrtahapcbtls. Lk tlrcplutc
tlrc plutc
 Lk sudsastlg h`byuick.  Lk sudsastlgc h`byuick sl h`bs
sudsastlgcc h`byuick. fldl rlckazcr abtlrprltcha`bls qul sudrcylb kc rlhapr`hafcf,
tatuyl hucbf` f`s cfukt`s fl slx` fanlrlbtl sl ublb h`b kc tckls h`g`: "ustl
"ustlf
f pr`tlil c su gujlr fl ub g`f` qul kc kc
abtlbhaøb lxprlsc fl h`bstatuar ubc ncgakac. _`sll tcrlcs ` nub abmadl, y ustlf sushatc ubc pr`tlhhaøb abblhlscrac fl su ls
ha`bls lsplhçnahcs, vatckls pcrc lk nubha`bcgalbt` fl kc nc p`s` h`b ircb mcdakafcf". \bc abtlrprltchaøb h`bslhutavc fl
gakac. Kcs prabhapckls huckafcfls rlqulrafcs pcrc kc agpklglb- lstl tap` sudrcyc kc h`gpklglbtcralfcf
h`gpklglbtcralfcf fl k`s sastlgcs, k`s
tchaøb fl sus tcrlcs s`b kc h`gpklglbtcrafcf y kc ch`g`fc csplht`s p`satav`s y blictav`s fl hcfc høbyuil, y lkagabc
haøb gutuc. Ls flhar qul kc pcrljc fldl flscrr`kkcr pcutcs agpkahcbhacs vck`rctavcs fl g`tavchaøb.
lb kcs qul hcfc lsp`s` cpubtckc kc chhaøb flk `tr` lb guhmcs Lk sudsastlgc h`byuick fldl kklicr c ub kagatl qul k` pr`
ãrlcs. Fldlb flscrr`kkcr pcutcs fl h`gpklglbtcrafcf qul tljc fl kc abtlrnlrlbhac fl kcs flgcbfcs y blhlsafcfls fl
plrgatcb c hcfc lsp`s` hlflr sab slbtar qul sl mc fcf` p`r `tr`s sastlgcs5 lb pcrtahukcr, hucbf` kc ncgakac talbl maj`s. K`s
vlbhaf`. Vcbt` lk lsp`s` h`g` kc lsp`sc fldlb hlflr pcrtl cfukt`s fldlb p`sllr
p`sllr ub tlrrat`r
tlrrat`ra`
a` psah`s`hack pr`pa` ‖u‖ub
fl su abfavafuckafcf pcrc k`ircr ub slbtaf` fl plrtlblbhac. rlnuia` qul pulflb pr`p`rha`bcrsl gutucglbtl, ub s`stáb
Kc chlptchaøb fl kc gutuc abtlrflplbflbhac lb ubc rlkchaøb lg`ha`bck. Xa lk kçgatl ckrlflf`r fl k`s lsp`s`s ls lxhlsavc
sagátrahc pulfl lbh`btrcr `dstãhuk`s `raiabcf`s lb kc absas glbtl rçiaf`, lk sastlgc pulfl vlrsl strlsscf` p`r su caskc
tlbhac fl k`s høbyuils lb sus flrlhm`s c kc abflplbflbhac. galbt`. _lr` sa k`s lsp`s`s gcbtalblb kçgatls nklxadkls, `tr`s
Lk sudsastlgc h`byuick pulfl h`bvlrtarsl lb ub rlnuia` sudirup`s, abhkuylbf` c k`s maj`s y c k`s pcralbtls p`kçtah`s,
cbtl k`s strlss lxtlrb`s y lb kc gctraz pcrc lk h`btcht` h`b pulflb abtlrnlrar lb lk nubha`bcgalbt` fl su sudsastlgc.

1= 18

h`b sus pcfrl sab`, abhkus`, kcs trcbschha`bls abtlrbcs flk sud
Lb tárgab`s mugcb`s sagpkls, gcraf` y gujlr sl blhlsatcb sastlgc h`byuick.
gutucglbtl h`g` rlnuia` cbtl k`s gúktapkls rlqulragalbt`s Kc cut`rafcf abhulsta`bcfc qul hcrchtlrazø lb ckiúb g`
fl kc vafc. Lb tlrcpac, lstc blhlsafcf `dkaic c qul lk tlrc glbt` ck g`flk` pctracrhck flk sudsastlgc pcrlbtck mc flscpc
plutc pr`tljc k`s kçgatls qul r`flcb ck sudsastlgc h`byuick. rlhaf` y nul rllgpkczcfc p`r lk h`bhlpt` fl ubc cut`rafcf
Xa lb ubc slsaøb ncgakacr k`s maj`s abtlrnalrlb lb kcs rlkcha` nklxadkl, rcha`bck. Xl lsplrc fl k`s pcfrls qul h`gprlbfcb kcs
bls flk sudsastlgc h`byuick, sl fldl cbukcr lstc abtlrnlrlbhac. blhlsafcfls flk flscrr`kk` fl sus maj`s y qul lxpkaqulb kcs
Ls p`sadkl rlckazcr lbt`bhls slsa`bls lbtrc gcraf` y gujlr rlikcs qul agp`blb. Lk slr pcfrl ls ub pr`hls` lxtrlgcfc
lxhkuylbf` c k`s `tr`s galgdr`s. Xa lb lscs slsa`bls ást`s glbtl fançhak. Bcfal k` flslgplóc c su lbtlrc sctasnchhaøb,
saiulb fashutalbf` chlrhc fl k`s pr`dklgcs fl sus maj`s lb y bcfal ctrcvalsc lk pr`hls` abhøkugl. Ls pr`dcdkl qul lkk`
kuicr fl rlnlrarsl c kcs rlkcha`bls gcraf`-gujlr, ls h`bvl mcyc saf` agp`sadkl lb t`fcs kcs áp`hcs, lb gcy`r ` glb`r
balbtl qul lk tlrcplutc slóckl lbt`bhls qul lstãb nrcbqulcbf` ircf`. Lb kc s`halfcf chtuck, h`gpkljc, fl rãpaf` flscrr`kk`,
ub kçgatl. lb kc qul kcs drlhmcs ilblrcha`bckls h`rrlsp`bflb c abtlrvc
 Lk sudsastlgc pcrlbtck.  Hucbf` bchl lk pragl
sudsastlgc pcrlbtck. praglrr maj` sl k`s hcfc vlz gãs plquló`s, kcs fanahuktcfls fl slr pcfrl sl
ckhcbzc ub bulv` bavlk fl n`rgchaøb ncgakacr. Lb ubc ncgakac mcb abhrlglbtcf`.

abtchtc lk sudsastlgc
pcrc flslgplócr h`byuick
kcs tcrlcs fldl fanlrlbhacrsl
fl s`hackazcr lbt`bhls
ub maj` sab rlbubhacr K`sflpr`hls`s
lfcf qulHucbf`
k`s baó`s. h`rrlsp`bflb c lkk`
ást`s s`b guy fanalrlb
plquló`s,sliúb kc
prlf`
ck gutu` cp`y` qul hcrchtlrazcrã ck sudsastlgc h`byuick. Xl gabcb kcs nubha`bls fl ckaglbtchaøb. Lk h`btr`k y kc `ralbtc
fldl trczcr ub kagatl qul plrgatc lk chhls` flk baó` c cgd`s haøb csuglb ubc gcy`r agp`rtcbhac kuli`. C glfafc qul lk
pcfrls y, ck gasg` talgp`, qul k` lxhkuyc fl kcs rlkcha`bls baó` gcfurc, lsplhackglbtl lb lk trcbshurs` fl kc cf`klshlb
h`byuickls. Ckiubcs pcrljcs qul sl gcbljcb h`rrlhtcglbtl hac, k`s rlqulragalbt`s pkcbtlcf`s p`r k`s pcfrls h`galbzcb
h`g` irup` fl f`s bubhc k`ircb rlckazcr ubc trcbsahaøb sc c lbtrcr lb h`bnkaht` h`b k`s rlqulragalbt`s fl k`s maj`s pcrc
tasncht`rac c kcs abtlrchha`bls fl ub irup` fl trls. Lb ckiubcs k`ircr ubc cut`b`gçc cflhucfc c su lfcf. Kc rlkchaøb, fl
ncgakacs ls p`sadkl qul sl abh`rp`rl ck baó` ck gcrh` fl k`s pctlrbafcf sl h`bvalrtl lb ub pr`hls` fançhak fl ch`g`fchaøb
pr`dklgcs flk sudsastlgc h`byuick, tck h`g` kl `hurraø c gutuc. K`s pcfrls agp`blb rlikcs qul b` pulflb lxpkahcr lb
Lgaky Yciblr. lk g`glbt` ` qul lxpkahcb lb n`rgc abh`rrlhtc, ` h`bsaflrcb
qul k`s nubfcglbt`s fl kcs rlikcs s`b lvaflbtls, galbtrcs qul
C glfafc qul lk baó` hrlhl, sus rlqulragalbt`s pcrc lk pcrc k`s baó`s b` ls csç. C glfafc qul k`s baó`s hrlhlb, ls
flscrr`kk`, tcbt` fl kc cut`b`gçc h`g` fl kc `ralbtchaøb, p`sadkl qul b` chlptlb kcs rlikcs. K`s baó`s h`gubahcb sus
agp`blb flgcbfcs ck sudsastlgc pcrlbtck qul fldl g`fana blhlsafcfls h`b fastabt`s ircf`s fl hkcrafcf, y rlckazcb bul
hcrsl pcrc sctasnchlrkcs. Lk baó` h`galbzc c tlblr h`btcht` v`s rlqulragalbt`s c k`s pcfrls, h`g` k`s fl qul sl kls fl
h`b h`gpcólr`s lxtrcncgakacrls, kc lshulkc, y `trcs nulrzcs faqul ub gcy`r talgp` ` ub gcy`r h`gpr`gas` lg`ha`bck.
s`hackazcbtls lxtlra`rls c kc ncgakac. Lk sudsastlgc pcrlbtck
_crc juzicr lb n`rgc cflhucfc c sus pcrtahapcbtls, ls lslb
fldl cfcptcrsl c k`s bulv`s ncht`rls qul chtúcb lb lk gcrh` hack h`gprlbflr kc h`gpkljafcf flk pr`hls` fl lfuhchaøb flk
fl kc s`hackazchaøb. Xa lk baó` ls slvlrcglbtl cnlhtcf` p`r baó`. Ls agp`sadkl qul k`s pcfrls pr`tljcb y iuçlb sab, ck
su glfa` lxtrcncgakacr, lkk` pulfl cnlhtcr b` søk` su rlkchaøb

16 1<

gasg` talgp`, h`btr`kcr y rltrabiar. K`s baó`s b` pulflb hrl glr kcd`rct`ra` s`hack lb lk qul k`s baó`s pulflb lxplraglb
hlr l abfavafuckazcrsl sab rlhmczcr y ctchcr. Lk pr`hls` fl tcr rlkcha`bls h`b sus aiuckls. Lb lk gcrh` fl lstl h`btlxt`,
s`hackazchaøb ls ablvatcdklglbtl h`bnkahtçv`. V`fc abtlrvlbhaøb k`s baó`s sl cp`ycb, caskcb, flshcricb sus hukpcs y cprlbflb
flk tlrcplutc qul lbnrlbtc ub pr`hls` fasnubha`bck lbtrl k`s gutucglbtl. Lb lk gubf` nrctlrb`, k`s baó`s cprlbflb c bl
pcfrls y k`s maj`s fldl, ck gasg` talgp`, cp`ycr c sus pcr i`hacr, h``plrcr, h`gpltar. Cprlbflb c k`ircr cgai`s y ckac
tahapcbtls. f`s, c sckvcr kc cpcralbhac hucbf` hlflb, y c k`ircr rlh`b`ha
Kc rlkchaøb fl pctlrbafcf rlqualrl kc hcpchafcf fl ckaglb galbt` p`r sus mcdakafcfls. _ulflb csugar p`saha`bls fanlrlbtls
tchaøb, iuac y h`btr`k. Kcs pr`p`rha`bls fl lst`s lklglbt`s lb sus rlkcha`bls gutucs, y lstcs p`saha`bls, csugafcs tlg
flplbflb fl kcs blhlsafcfls fl flscrr`kk` flk baó` y fl kcs prcbcglbtl lb lk sudirup` nrctlrb`, pulflb slr saibanahctavcs
hcpchafcfls fl k`s pcfrls. _lr` kc rlkchaøb rlqualrl lk us` lb lk flscrr`kk` p`stlra`r fl sus vafcs. Lb kcs ncgakacs cg
fl kc cut`rafcf. K`s pcfrls b` pulflb flslgplócr sus'nub pkacs, lk sudsastlgc nrctlrb` p`sll `trcs favasa`bls, yc qul
ha`bls ljlhutavcs c glb`s qul fasp`bicb flk p`flr blhlscra` k`s maj`s gãs plquló`s, qul sl gulvlb cúb lb kcs ãrlcs fl
pcrc mchlrk`. sliurafcf, ckaglbtchaøb y iuçc lb lk slb` fl kc ncgakac, sl
K`µ maj`s y k`s pcfrls, y lb ckiub`s hcs`s k`s tlrcplutcs, fanlrlbhacb fl k`s baó`s gcy`rls qul rlckazcb h`btcht`s y
flshradlb nrlhulbtlglbtl ck aflck ncgakacr h`g` ubc flg` h`btrct`s h`b lk gubf` lxtrcncgakacr.
hrchac. _lr` h`bsaflrcb lb n`rgc lrrøblc qul ubc s`halfcf Hucbf` k`s baó`s sl p`blb lb h`btcht` h`b lk gubf` fl
flg`hrãtahc ls ubc s`halfcf sab kaflrls ` qul ubc ncgakac ls sus aiuckls lxtrcncgakacrls, abtlbtcb chtucr fl chulrf` h`b kcs
ubc s`halfcf fl aiuckls. Lk nubha`bcgalbt` lnahcz rlqualrl pcutcs flk gubf` nrctlrb`. Hucbf` cprlbflb n`rgcs cktlrbc
qul k`s pcfrls y k`s maj`s chlptlb lk mlhm` fl qul lk us` tavcs fl rlkchaøb, abh`rp`rcb kcs bulvcs lxplralbhacs ck gubf`
fanlrlbhacf` fl cut`rafcf h`bstatuyl ub abirlfalbtl blhlscra` nrctlrb`. Xa kc ncgakac flk baó` p`sll g`fckafcfls guy pcrta
flk sudsastlgc pcrlbtck. Lkk` sl h`bvalrtl lb ub kcd`rct`ra` hukcrls, k`s kçgatls lbtrl kc ncgakac y lk gubf` lxtrcncgakacr
fl n`rgchaøb s`hack pcrc k`s baó`s, qul blhlsatcb scdlr høg` pulflb h`bvlrtarsl lb lxhlsavcglbtl rçiaf`s. Ls p`sadkl, lb
bli`hacr lb satucha`bls fl p`flr flsaiuck. t`bhls, qul lk baó` lbnrlbtl fanahuktcfls pcrc abh`rp`rcrsl
Lk cp`y` flk tlrcplutc ck sud
sudsastl
sastlgc
gc pcrlbtck pulfl lbtrcr c `tr`s sastlgcs s`hackls.
lb h`bnkaht` h`b lk `djltav` tlrcpáutah` fl cp`ycr kc cut`b` Kc saibanahchaøb flk sudsastlgc nrctlrb` sl `dslrvc h`b gc
gçc fl k`s maj`s. Lb lscs satucha`bls lk tlrcplutc fldl rlh`r y`r hkcrafcf lb hcs` fl su cuslbhac. K`s baó`s sab mlrgcb`s
fcr qul søk` ub sudsastlgc pcrlbtck fádak abstcurc ub h`btr`k flscrr`kkcb pcutcs prlh`hls fl ch`g`fchaøb ck gubf` cfukt`,
rlstrahtav`, y qul lsl h`btr`k lxhlsav` sl prlslbtc p`r k` il qul pulflb gcbanlstcrsl lb ub flscrr`kk` prlh`z. Ck gasg`
blrck hucbf` lk h`btr`k ls ablnahcz. Lk cp`y` c kc rlsp`bsc talgp`, pulflb g`strcr fanahuktcfls pcrc lk flscrr`kk` fl kc
dakafcf y c kc `dkaichaøb fl k`s pcfrls pcrc fltlrgabcr kcs cut`b`gçc y kc hcpchafcf fl h`gpcrtar, h``plrcr y h`gpltar
rlikcs fl kc ncgakac lstagukc lk flrlhm` y kc `dkaichaøb flk h`b `tr`s.
baó
baó`` fl hrlhlr y flscrr`kkcrsl lb n`rgc cutøb
cutøb`gc.
`gc. Kc tcrlc \b tlrcplutc fldl h`b`hlr kcs blhlsafcfls flk flscrr`kk`
flk tlrcplutc h`bsastl lb csastar c k`s sudsastlgcs pcrc qul fl k`s baó`s y fldl slr hcpcz fl cp`ycr lk flrlhm` flk baó`
bli`halb y sl ch`g`flb gutucglbtl. c kc cut`b`gac sab gabagazcr k`s flrlhm`s fl k`s pcfrls.
Lk tudtetgb` nrctlrb`.  Lk sudsastlgc
sudsastlgc nrctlrb` ls lk pra- K`s kagatls flk sudsastlgc nrctlrb` fldlb pr`tlilr c k`s ba-

1> 19

ó`s fl kc abtlrnlrlbhac cfuktc, pcrc qul pulfcb ljlrhlr su slr h`bsaflrcf`s csç lrrøblcglbtl h`g` pct`køiah`s. Xab lg
flrlhm` c kc pravchafcf, tlblr sus pr`pacs ãrlcs fl abtlrás y dcri`, lk lbn`qul fl kc ncgakac h`g` ub sastlgc s`hack lb
fasp`blr fl kc kadlrtcf fl h`gltlr lrr`rls lb su lxpk`rchaøb. trcbsn`rgchaøb lshkcrlhl kc bcturcklzc trcbsaha`bck fl fltlr
Lb fanlrlbtls ltcpcs fl su flscrr`kk` k`s baó`s p`sllb fanl gabcf`s pr`hls`s ncgakacrls. Tlqualrl ubc lxpk`rchaøb fl kc
rlbtls blhlsafcfls, hcpchafcfls h`ibatavcs pcrtahukcrls, y sas satuchaøb hcgdacbtl fl kc ncgakac y sus galgdr`s y fl sus
tlgcs fl vck`rls pr`pa`s. Lb ckiub`s g`glbt`s, lk tlrcplutc fanahuktcfls fl ch`g`fchaøb. Fl chulrf` h`b lstc `ralbtc
fldl chtucr h`g` trcfuht`r, abtlrprltcbf` lk gubf` fl k`s haøb, ub búglr` guhm` gcy`r fl ncgakacs qul sl abh`rp`rcb
baó`s pcrc k`s pcfrls ` vahlvlrsc. Vcgdaáb ls p`sadkl qul c kc tlrcpac fldlrçcb slr h`bsaflrcfcs y trctcfcs h`g` nc
fldc cyufcr ck sudsastlgc c bli`hacr kagatls hkcr`s cubqul gakacs h`rralbtls lb satucha`bls trcbsaha`bckls, qul lbnrlbtcb
b` rçiaf`s h`b lk gubf` lxtrcncgakacr. Xa lk baó` sl vl ctrc kcs fanahuktcfls fl ch`g`fchaøb c bulvcs harhubstcbhacs. Kc
pcf` lb ubc rlf fl lxhlsavc klcktcf ncgakacr, p`r ljlgpk`, ltaqultc fl pct`køiahc fldl rlslrvcrsl c kcs ncgakacs qul nrlbtl
lk tlrcplutc fldl chtucr h`g` pulbtl lbtrl lk baó` y lk c lscs tlbsa`bls abhrlglbtcb kc raiaflz fl sus pcutcs  y  kç
gubf` lxtrcncgakacr. gatls trcbschha`bckls y lvatcb ` rlsastlb t`fc lxpk`rchaøb
fl vcracbtls. Lb kcs ncgakacs h`rralbtls, lk tlrcplutc h`bnçc
lb kc g`tavchaøb fl kc ncgakac h`g` lk hcgab` pcrc kc trcbs

CFC_VCHAØB FL KC NCGAKAC n`rgchaøb.


vlrtarsl lb Lb kcs ncgakacs
cht`r flk frcgcpct`køiahcs,
ncgakacr, lkabh`rp`rãbf`sl
tlrcplutc fldl ch`b
kcs
\bc ncgakac sl lbhulbtrc s`gltafc  c prlsaøb abtlrbc `raia. h`ckaha`bls lxastlbtls pcrc g`fanahcr lk sastlgc y flscrr`kkcr
bcfc lb kc lv`kuhaøb fl sus pr`pa`s galgdr`s y sudsastlgcs ub bavlk fanlrlbtl fl m`gl`stcsas.
y c kc prlsaøb lxtlra`r `raiabcfc lb k`s rlqulragalbt`s pcrc Lk strlss s`drl ub sastlgc ncgakacr pulfl `raiabcrsl lb huc
ch`g`fcrsl c kcs abstatuha`bls s`hackls saibanahctavcs qul ab- tr` nulbtls. Lb praglr kuicr pulfl `raiabcrsl lb lk h`btcht`
nkuylb s`drl k`s galgdr`s ncgakacrls.  Kc  rlspulstc  c  lst`s fl ub galgdr` ` fl t`fc kc ncgakac h`b nulrzcs lxtrcncga-
rlqulragalbt`s, tcbt` abtlrb`s h`g` lxtlrb`s, lxail ubc trcbs kacrls. K`s g`glbt`s trcbsaha`bckls lb kc lv`kuhaøb fl kc ncga
n`rgchaøb h`bstcbtl fl  kc  p`sahaøb fl k`s galgdr`s fl kc kac tcgdaáb pulflb slr ubc nulbtl fl tlbsaøb, ck aiuck qul
ncgakac lb sus rlkcha`bls gutucs, pcrc qul pulfcb hrlhlr k`s pr`dklgcs fl afa`sabhrcsac.
galbtrcs lk sastlgc ncgakacr h`bslrvc su h`btabuafcf. H`btcht` strlsscbtl fl ub galgdr` h`b nulrzcs lxtrcncga-
Lb lstl pr`hls` fl hcgda` y fl h`btabuafcf kcs fanahuktc- kacrls.  \bc fl kcs prabhapckls nubha`bls fl kc ncgakac h`bsast
h`bsastll
fls pcrc ch`g`fcrsl c kcs bulvcs satucha`bls s`b ablvatcdkls. lb drabfcr cp`y` c sus galgdr`s. Hucbf` ub` fl ást`s sl
Ls p`sadkl qul ck h`bhlbtrcrsl lb kc fabãgahc ncgakacr, k`s lbhulbtrc cnlhtcf` p`r ub strlss,, k`s `tr`s galgdr`s fl kc
tlrcplutcs ncgakacrls gabagahlb lstl pr`hls`, flk gasg` g`f` ncgakac salbtlb kc blhlsafcf fl ch`g`fcrsl c sus bulvcs har
lb qul lk tlrcplutc fabãgah` pulfl gabagazcr lk h`btlxt` flk hubstcbhacs. Lstc ch`g`fchaøb pulfl kagatcrsl c ub sudsas
abfavafu`. Lk plkair` fl lstc chtatuf ls lk lxhlsav` ábncsas tlgc `, p`r k` h`btrcra`, fanubfarsl lb lk slb` fl t`fc kc
lb kc pct`k`içc. K`s pr`hls`s trcbsaha`bckls fl cfcptchaøb c ncgakac. _`r ljlgpk`, ub lsp`s` qul lbnrlbtc pr`dklgcs fl
bulvcs satucha`bls, lb k`s qul kc ncktc fl fanlrlbhachaøb y kc trcdcj` hratahc c su gujlr hucbf` cgd`s rlirlscb c su hcsc.
cbiustac qul hcrchtlrazc c t`f`s k`s bulv`s pr`hls`s, pulflb Ls
Lsc c  trcbschhaøb pulfl kagatcrsl ck sastlgc h`byuick. Ls p`sa-

1> 11

dkl qul kc gujlr fasputl h`b lk gcraf` plr` qul k` cp`yl rçiaf` fl gcfrl l maj` h`btrc lk pcfrl. Q lk kçgatl ckrlflf`r
ub`s gabut`s flspuás. @, sa b`, qul h`btrcctcqul. Xuril csa fl lstc h`ckahaøb fl gcfrl l maj` lxhkuyl ck pcfrl. Xl mc
ubc plklc, plr` ástc h`bhkuyl y lk cp`y` gutu` rlbchl. Lstcs flscrr`kkcf` csç ubc pcutc trcbschha`bck trcbsilblrcha`bck fas
pcutcs trcbschha`bckls s`b nubha`bckls. Lk strlss qul cnlhtø ck nubha`bck.
gcraf` mc saf` ctlbucf` c trcvás fl kcs rlkcha`bls h`b su Vcgdaáb ls p`sadkl qul ubc ncgakac lb su t`tckafcf sl vlc
gujlr. strlsscfc p`r lk h`btcht` lxtrcncgakacr fl ub` fl sus galg
Xab lgdcri`, kc plklc pulfl pr`sliuar abflnabafcglbtl, dr`s. _`r ljlgpk`, sa lk gcraf` palrfl su trcdcj`, kc ncgakac
mcstc qul ub` fl k`s høbyuils cdcbf`bc lk hcgp`. Lb lsc fldl g`fanahcrsl pcrc icrcbtazcr su suplrvavlbhac. Ls p`sadkl
satuchaøb, cgd`s sl vlb cnlhtcf`s p`r kc b` rls`kuhaøb fl kc qul kc lsp`sc fldc csugar ubc gcy`r rlsp`bscdakafcf pcrc
satuchaøb. Fl lsl g`f`, lk h`btcht` strlsscbtl fl ub galg lk s`stáb nabcbhalr` fl kc ncgakac y, csç, g`fanaqul kc bctu
dr` fl kc ncgakac h`b nulrzcs lxtlrbcs mc ilblrcf` ub strlss rcklzc flk sudsastlgc ljlhutav`. Lstl hcgda` pulfl `dkaicr
b` rlsulkt` lb lk sudsastlgc h`byuick abtrcncgakacr. c `tr`s hcgda`s lb lk sudsastlgc pcrlbtck. Lk pcfrl pulfl
Kc gasgc nulbtl fl strlss qul cnlhtc c ub galgdr` abfa `hupcrsl csç fl kcs tcrlcs fl ckaglbtchaøb qul cbtlra`rglbtl
vafuck pulfl chtucr c trcvás fl k`s kçgatls fl k`s sudsastl h`rrlsp`bfçcb c kc gcfrl (Nai. 9). @, sa b`, pulfl rlhurrarsl
gcs. _`r ljlgpk`, ub pcfrl (_) y ubc gcfrl (G), strlsscf`s
G
p`r pr`dklgcs fl trcdcj`, pulflb rlirlscr ck m`icr y hrata _
hcrsl gutucglbtl, plr` kuli` flsvacr su h`bnkaht` c trcvás sl h`bvalrtl lb
fl ub ctcqul h`btrc ub maj`. Lkk` rlfuhl lk plkair` flk sud maj`s
sastlgc
sastlgc h`byu
h`byuick
ick plr` cnlhtc ck maj` (M ) (Nai
(N ai.. <) . @, sa b`,
c ubc cdulkc (C) pcrc qul sl `hupl fl kcs nubha`bls fl k`s
pcfrls. Xa kc ncgakac rlsp`bfl c kc párfafc flk trcdcj` flk
pcfrl h`b raiaflz, pulflb cpcrlhlr lbt`bhls pcutcs trcbsch-
Nai.  <
G
_
sl h`bvalrtl lb
lk gcraf` pulfl hratahcr c kc gujlr, qul dushc lbt`bhls ubc C
h`ckahaøb h`b lk baó` h`btrc lk pcfrl (Nai. >). Fl lsl g`f`, maj`s maj`s

ha`bckls fasnubha`bckls. _`r ljlgpk`, sl rlhurrl c kc cdulkc


pcrc `hupcrsl fl k`s maj`s, plr` r`s pcfrls sl balicb c h`b
hlflrkl kc cut`rafcf blhlscrac pcrc qul flslgplól su rls
p`bscdakafcf.
K`s Yciblr rlkctcr`b ckiubcs fl kcs fanahuktcfls `raiabc
lk kagatl ckrlflf`r flk sudsastlgc h`byuick sl mchl fanus`. fcs lb lk h`btcht` h`b lk gubf` lxtrcncgakacr. Kcs fanahuk
Cpcrlhl csa ub sudsastlgc trcbsilblrcha`bck lxhlsavcglbtl tcfls fl Gcre h`g` lstufacbtl qul ck gasg` talgp` fldçc

3?? 3?3

@ ubc ncgakac p`rt`rraqulóc pulfl lbnrlbtcr pr`dklgcs pcrc


trcdcjcr abtlrnlrçcb h`b su hcpchafcf pcrc rlkcha`bcrsl h`b
cfcptcrsl c kc hukturc fl kc gltrøp`ka.
su lsp`sc. Csugaø csç ubc chtatuf hrçtahc ` ckljcfc, y Lgaky
Vcgdaáb lb lstl 'hcs` kc abtlrvlbhaø
abtlrvlbhaøb
b flk tlrcplutc fldl
abh`rp`rø c V`ggy h`g` cp`y` lb sus abtlrgabcdkls plklcs.
`ralbtcrsl lb su lvckuchaøb fl kc ncgakac. Xa cbckazc kc `r
Hucbf` ubc ncgakac h`galbzc ubc tlrcpac fldaf` c kcs fa
icbazchaøb fl kc ncgakac y fltlrgabc qul ls dãsahcglbtl
nahuktcfls fl h`btcht` fl ub` fl sus galgdr`s h`b lk gubf`
vacdkl plr` qul sl lbhulbtrc s`drlhcricfc p`r k`s h`btcht`s
lxtrcncgakacr, k`s `djltav`s l abtlrvlbha`bls flk tlrcplutc nc
h`b tcbtcs abstcbhacs abh``rfabcfcs, fldl chtucr h`g` lk h`b
gakacr sl `ralbtcb lb nubhaøb fl su lvckuchaøb fl kc satuc
haøb y fl kc nklxadakafcf fl kc lstruhturc ncgakacr. Xa kc nc sljlr` fl kc ncgakac. _ulfl lbslócr c kc ncgakac kc gcblrc fl
gakac mc rlckazcf` hcgda`s cfcptctav`s pcrc cp`ycr ck galg gcbapukcr kcs abstatuha`bls lb dlblnaha` pr`pa`. @ pulfl trc
dr` cnlhtcf` plr` lk pr`dklgc plrsastl, ls p`sadkl qul kcs dcjcr pcrc h``rfabcr kcs chha`bls fl kcs abstcbhacs, rlnlrlbtl
abtlrvlbha`bls flk tlrcplutc sl farajcb nubfcglbtckglbtl c kc c kc ncgakac. _`r ljlgpk`, h`b ubc ncgakac p`rt`rraqulóc cdru
abtlrchhaøb fl lsl galgdr` h`b lk cilbtl qul k` cnlhtø. Xa gcfc p`r k`s pr`dklgcs fl rludahchaøb, lk tlrcplutc ncgakacr
kc ncgakac b` mc rlckazcf` hcgda`s cfcptctav`s, su abtlrvlb pulfl abn`rgcrsl chlrhc fl k`s rlhurs`s p`rt`rraquló`s lb kc
haøb prabhapck pulfl faraiarsl mchac kc ncgakac. h`gubafcf ‖kc aiklsac, lshulkcs h`b ircb búglr` fl ckugb`s
p`rt`rraquló`s, pcfrls p`rt`rraquló`s gakatcbtls chtav`s lb
_`r ljlgpk`, sa ub baó` lbnrlbtc fanahuktcfls lb kc lshulkc,
lk pr`dklgc pulfl rlkcha`bcrsl nubfcglbtckglbtl h`b kc ls kc _VC, ` lb `ricbazcha`bls s`hackls y hçvahcs flstabcfcs c cyu
hulkc. Xa kc lvckuchaøb flk tlrcplutc slóckc qul kc ncgakac cp`yc fcr c lstl irup` átbah`. Xus nubha`bls h`g` tlrcplutc ncgakacr
ck baó` lb n`rgc cflhucfc, sus abtlrvlbha`bls prabhapckls sl h`gpklglbtcrãb h`b lstcs chha`bls h`g` "hcscglbtlr`"
pulflb `ralbtcrsl mchac lk baó` lb lk h`btlxt` lsh`kcr. _ulfl s`hack.
chtucr h`g` cd`icf` flk baó`, fasp`blr ub hcgda` fl ls Xtrlss lb k`s g`glbt`s trcbsaha`bckls fl kc ncgakac.  Lxastlb
hulkc, ` suilrar qul sl rlhurrc c ubc lbslócbzc pcrtahukcr. guhmcs ncsls lb kc lv`kuhaøb bcturck fl ubc ncgakac qul rl
_lr` sa k`s pr`dklgcs flk baó` lb kc lshulkc cpcrlhlb h`g` qualrlb kc bli`hachaøb fl bulvcs rlikcs ncgakacrls. Fldlb
ubc lxprlsaøb fl k`s pr`dklgcs fl kc ncgakac, kcs abtlrvlb cpcrlhlr bulv`s sudsastlgcs y fldlb trczcrsl bulvcs kçblcs
ha`bls flk tlrcplutc sl faraiarãb nubfcglbtckglbtl c  kc fl fanlrlbhachaøb. Lb lstl pr`hls`, sl pkcbtlcb ablvatcdkl
ncgakac. glbtl h`bnkaht`s. Aflckglbtl, k`s h`bnkaht`s slrãb rlsulkt`s p`r
H`btcht` strlsscbtl fl kc ncgakac lb su t`tckafcf h`b nulr bli`hacha`bls fl trcbsahaøb y kc ncgakac sl cfcptcrã h`b áxat`.
\ b sastlgc  ncgakacr  pulfl vlrsl s`drl
lxtrcncgakacrls.  \b
 zcs lxtrcncgakacrls. Lst`s h`bnkaht`s `nrlhlb ubc `p`rtubafcf fl hrlhagalbt` c t`
hcricf` p`r k`s lnlht`s fl ubc flprlsaøb lh`bøgahc. @, sa   b`, f`s k`s galgdr`s fl kc ncgakac. Xab lgdcri`, sa b` sl k`s rl
lk  strlss pulfl ilblrcrsl  lb úb hcgda`  fl f`gahaka`  g`ta- sulkvl, k`s pr`dklgcs trcbsaha`bckls pulflb pkcbtlcr fanahuk
vcf` lb ubc gufcbzc  ` lb ub  trcskcf` c `trc haufcf. K`s tcfls cub gcy`rls.
rlhurs`s  fl kc ncgakac  pcrc mchlr  nrlbtl c lscs satucha`bls sl K`s pr`dklgcs fl trcbsahaøb sl pkcbtlcb lb guhmcs satuc
lbhulbtrcb cglbczcf`s lb n`rgc  pcrtahukcr p`r kc p`drlzc ha`bls. _ulflb pr`fuharsl p`r hcgda`s `raiabcf`s lb kc lv`
y  p`r kc fashragabchaøb. _`r ljlgpk`, ubc ncgakac p`drl pul kuhaøb fl k`s galgdr`s fl kc ncgakac y p`r hcgda`s fl kc
fl lbh`btrcrsl lb h`btcht` h`b  ub  búglr` tcb lklvcf` fl h`gp`sahaøb fl kc ncgakac. \b` fl k`s flslbhcflbcbtls gãs
cilbhacs s`hackls h`g` pcrc qul sus rlhurs`s slcb suplrcf`s. mcdatuckls ls lk h`galbz` fl kc cf`klshlbhac fl k`s maj`s.

3?4 3?8

Lb lsc áp`hc, kc pcrtahapchaøb flk baó` lb lk gubf` lxtrc- galgdr` fldl cfcptcrsl c kcs rlikcs, y lk cbtaiu` sastlgc
ncgakacr y su stctus lb lsl gubf` sl abhrlglbtcb. Kc rlkchaøb fldl g`fanahcrsl pcrc abhkuar ck bulv` galgdr`. Lxastl ubc
lbtrl k`s maj`s y k`s pcfrls sl vl plrturdcfc. Lb lsc satuc tlbflbhac c gcbtlblr kcs cbtaiucs pcutcs, k` qul fltlrgabc
haøb, sl k` fldl cpcrtcr kailrcglbtl flk sudsastlgc nrctlrb` y qul lk bulv` galgdr` sunrc ub strlss qul pulfl kklvcrk` c
abhrlglbtcr sus flgcbfcs. Kcs n`rgcs fl abh`rp`rchaøb fl
sl kl fldl `t`ricr
p`bscdakafcf ubccgcy`r
cflhucfc cut`b`gçc
su lfcf. y ubc gcy`r
Kcs trcbschha`bls rls
flk sud- bulv`s galgdr`s qul pulflb pr`fuhar ub strlss lb lk trcbs
sastlgc pcrlbtck h`b ák fldlb g`fanahcrsl y fljcr fl slr hurs` flk plrç`f` fl cfcptchaøb s`b: lk bchagalbt` fl ub maj`,
rlkcha`bls flk tap` pcfrl-maj` pcrc h`bvlrtarsl lb rlkcha`bls lk gctrag`ba` fl ub galgdr` fl ubc ncgakac lxtlbsc, kc ubaøb
fl tap` pcfrls-j`vlb cfukt`. Fl lsl g`f`, sl k`ircrã ubc cfcp- fl f`s ncgakacs c trcvás flk gctrag`ba` fl pcfrls slpcrcf`s
tchaøb lxat`sc (Nai. 1). ` vauf`s, ` kc abhkusaøb fl ub pcralbtl, cgai` ` maj` cf`ptav`.
K`s strlss s`b pr`fuhaf`s tcgdaáb p`r kc cfcptchaøb c
ubc fasgabuhaøb flk búglr` fl galgdr`s fl kc ncgakac, hcu
scfc p`r harhubstcbhacs tckls h`g` gulrtl fl ub galgdr` fl
kc ncgakac, slpcrchaøb ` fav`rha`, lbhcrhlkcgalbt`, abtlrbchaøb
lb ubc abstatuhaøb ` pcrtafc fl ub baó` pcrc pr`sliuar sus
lstufa`s. _`r ljlgpk`, hucbf` ubc pcrljc sl slpcrc fldlb
Xab lgdcri`, ls p`sadkl qul kc gcfrl rlsastc c t`f` hcg flscrr`kkcrsl bulv`s sudsastlgcs y kçblcs fl fanlrlbhachaøb.
da` lb su rlkchaøb h`b lk cf`klshlbtl fldaf` c qul lkk` rl Kc ubafcf fl f`s pcfrls l maj`s fldl h`bvlrtarsl cm`rc lb
qulrarçc ub hcgda` fl rlkchaøb h`b su gcraf`. _ulfl ctchcr ubc ubafcf fl ub pcfrl l maj`s, h`b lk `tr` pcfrl lxhkuaf`.
ck cf`klshlbtl y s`hcvcr su cut`b`gçc, lb kuicr fl hcgdacr C glbuf`, kcs ncgakacs lgprlbflb ubc tlrcpac fldaf` c
su pr`pac chtatuf. Xa kuli` lk pcfrl sl abh`rp`rc ck h`bnkaht` qul kcs bli`hacha`bls qul h`bfuhlb c ubc trcbsahaøb lxat`sc
cp`ycbf` ck maj`, sl h`bstatuyl ubc h`ckahaøb trcbsilblrcha`bck sl mcb vast` dk`qulcfcs. Ls gãs nãhak cyufcr c ubc ncgakac
abcflhucfc (Nai. 3?). Kc satuchaøb pulfl ilblrckazcrsl mcstc qul lbnrlbtc pr`dklgcs rlkcha`bcf`s h`b ubc trcbsahaøb rl
halbtl qul c ubc ncgakac qul mc dk`qulcf` bli`hacha`bls fl
cfcptchaøb c k` kcri` fl ub plrç`f` pr`k`bicf`.

flXtrlss
ncgakacrlnlrlbtls c pr`dklgcs
fldl t`gcr lb hulbtcflt`fcs
afa`sabhrcsac.   \b tlrcplutc
kcs harhubstcbhacs y tl
blr prlslbtl kc p`sadakafcf fl qul ãrlcs fltlrgabcfcs fl kc
ncgakac flb kuicr c pcutcs trcbschha`bckls fasnubha`bckls. _`r
ljlgpk`, ubc ncgakac h`b ub maj` rltcrfcf` pulfl mcdlrsl
qul t`fc kc ncgakac sl vlc agpkahcfc lb lk h`bnkaht`. Xa b` cfcptcf` ck pr`dklgc pkcbtlcf` galbtrcs lk baó` lrc plquló`.
sl pr`fuhl babiúb hcgda` ncgakacr, cpcrlhlrãb lklglbt`s _lr` kc rlckafcf flk rltrcs`, qul k`s pcfrls p`fçcb lvatcr
fasnubha`bckls, qul sl rlpltarãb lb t`fcs kcs harhubstcbhacs lb hucbf` lk baó` lrc plquló`, fldl slr lbnrlbtcfc c glfafc
kcs qul sl gcbanalstlb h`bnkaht`s. qul hrlhl y qul kc faspcrafcf fl flscrr`kk` lbtrl ák y k`s
Hucbf` ubc ncgakac abh`rp`rc ub bulv` galgdr`, lsl bulv` baó`s fl su lfcf sl mchl gãs lvaflbtl.
3?6 3?<

Lk gasg`
gasg` tap` fl strlss pulfl pr`fuharsl hucbf` ub baó` Nabckglbtl, ubc ncgakac sl cfcptc ck strlss fl ub g`f` tck
h`b ubc fln`rgaf
fln`rgafcf
cf nçsahc, p`r ljlgpk`
ljlgpk` ub kcda` klp`rab`, qul gcbtalbl kc h`btabuafcf fl kc ncgakac ck gasg` talgp`
hrlhl. Ls p`sadkl qul kc ncgakac sl dcyc cfcptcf` h`rrlhtc qul plrgatl rllstruhturcha`bls. Xa ubc ncgakac rlsp`bfl ck
glbtl c kcs blhlsafcfls flk baó` hucbf` ástl lrc plquló`, strlss h`b raiaflz, sl gcbanalstcb pcutcs fasnubha`bckls. Lvlb-
plr` c glfafc qul hrlhl y lxplraglbtc fanahuktcfls lb su,ab tuckglbtl, lkk` galfl kklvcr kc ncgakac c ubc tlrcpac.
tlrchhaøb h`b irup`s lxtrcçc gakacrls fl baó`s fl su lfcf qul
b` k` chlptcb, lstl strlss pulfl s`drlhcricr ck sastlgc nc
gakacr.
Vcgdaáb ls p`sadkl qul pr`dklgcs fl afa`sabhrcsac trcbsat`
ra`s suplrlb k`s glhcbasg`s qul plrgatlb mchlrkls nrlbtl. Xa
ub galgdr` fl ubc ncgakac sl lbnlrgc slracglbtl, ckiubcs
fl sus nubha`bls y su p`flr fldlb slr csugaf`s p`r `tr`s
galgdr`s fl kc ncgakac. Lstc rlfastraduhaøb rlqualrl ubc cfcp
tchaøb fl kc ncgakac. Hucbf` lk galgdr` lbnlrg` sl rlhuplrc,
sl rlqualrl ubc rlcfcptchaøb pcrc abhkuark` lb su cbtaiuc
p`sahaøb ` pcrc cyufcrk` c csugar ubc bulvc p`sahaøb lb lk
sastlgc.
Lb rlsuglb, lk lsqulgc h`bhlptuck fl ubc ncgakac b`rgck
prlslbtc trls nchltcs. Lb praglr kuicr, ubc ncgakac sl trcbs
n`rgc c k` kcri` flk talgp`, cfcptãbf`sl y rllstruhturãbf`sl
fl tck g`f` qul pulfc sliuar nubha`bcbf`. Xab lgdcri`, ls
p`sadkl qul ubc ncgakac qul mc nubha`bcf` lnahczglbtl rls
p`bfc c strlss flk flscrr`kk` cpliãbf`sl lb n`rgc abcfl
hucfc c lsqulgcs lstruhturckls prlva`s.
Lb sliubf` kuicr, kc ncgakac p`sll ubc lstruhturc qul søk`
pulfl `dslrvcrsl lb g`vagalbt`. Xl prlnalrlb ckiubcs pcutcs,
sunahalbtls pcrc rlsp`bfl! c k`s rlqulragalbt`s mcdatuckls.
_lr` kc n`rtcklzc flk sastlgc flplbfl fl su hcpchafcf pcrc
g`vakazcr pcutcs trcbschha`bckls cktlrbctavcs hucbf` kcs h`b
faha`bls abtlrbcs ` lxtlrbcs fl kc ncgakac kl lxailb ubc rl
lstruhturchaøb. K`s kagatls fl k`s sudsastlgcs fldlb slr nar
gls, plr`, sab lgdcri`, k` sunahalbtlglbtl nklxadkls h`g`
pcrc plrgatar ubc g`fanahchaøb hucbf` kcs harhubstcbhacs
hcgdacb.

3?> 3?9

ls kc fl abhrlglbtcr lk h`btcht` y cuglbtcr lk búglr` fl


A^ vasatcs fl lstufacbtls flk g`sscf c k`s eaddutzag lb k`s qul
vavlb sus pcfrls.
\BC NCGAKAC FLK EADD\VZ Gajclk talbl vlabtasaltl có`s y Lstmlr vlabtasáas5 su úbah`
maj` talbl hcsa trls có`s. K`s jøvlbls sl mcb h`b`haf` hucbf`
kklicr`b ck gasg` g`sscf. Kc d`fc n`rgck sl pr`fuj` lb 31>9.
K`s pcfrls fl cgd`s vavlb lb fanlrlbtls eaddutzag y plrtl
blhlb c kc praglrc ilblrchaøb fl nubfcf`rls fl sus rlsplh
tav`s eaddutzag.
Ecnngcb:  Lb praglr kuicr, qualr` circflhlrkls p`r mcdlr
vlbaf`. Xl gl mc plfaf` qul lbtrlvastl c ubc ncgakac b`r
gck y h`gúb fl galgdr`s fl eaddutz, pcrc abvlstaicr chlrhc
flk g`f` lb qul sl h`bstatuyø kc ncgakac, lb qul sl h`b`haø,
chtúc y vavl, lth. Lstcg`s abtlrlscf`s lb h`b`hlr høg` sl
Lstmlr y Gajclk Tcdab bchalr`b lb Asrclk lb eaddutzag vl rlkcha`bcr`b y fl quá g`f` lbnrlbtcb kcs tcrlcs h`gubls fl
hab`s y sl h`b`halr`b hucbf` cgd`s lstufacdcb lb kc lshulkc kc vafc ncgakacr. Lsplr` qul mcdkcrãb kadrl y lsp`btãblcglbtl
slhubfcrçc fl kc rliaøb. Mcstc kc lfcf fl f`hl ` trlhl có`s, lbtrl ustlfls ` c gç. Q` tcgdaáb gl slbtará kadrl pcrc mcdkcr
k`s baó`s lstufacr`b lb hkcsls lklglbtckls lb lk eaddutz lb l abtlrrugpar su h`bvlrschaøb. K` prabhapck ls qul ustlfls
lk qul mcdçcb bchaf` y lb lk qul vavlb sus pcfrls. Kc trcbs sl salbtcb kadrls pcrc lxprlscr k` qul salbtlb y palbscb. Gl
nlrlbhac c ubc lshulkc slhubfcrac rlia`bck, kkcgcfc lb mldrl` prliubt` quá palbscb ustlfls chlrhc fl t`f` lst`.
"G`sscf Jabujç", lb kc qul lstufacb jøvlbls plrtlblhalbtls c
Xló`rc  Tcdab:  Suazãs ustlf pulfc pkcbtlcr prliubtcs y
k`s eaddutzag fl kc rliaøb, h`bstatuyl ub agp`rtcbtl pcs` lb lbt`bhls slc gãs nãhak.
lk pr`hls` fl cfquasahaøb fl abflplbflbhac p`r pcrtl fl kc
 j`
 j`vl
vlbb ilb
ilblrc
lrchaø
haøbb fl
flkk ead
eaddutz
dutz.. Lstcs lshu
lshulkcs
lkcs pcr
pcrcc cf`
cf`kls
klshlb
hlb Ecnngcb: B` tlbi` prliubtcs lsplhçnahcs qul pkcbtlcr. Fls
tls sl lbhulbtrcb hlrhc fl k`s eaddutzag fl kc rliaøb plr` puás fl t`f`, b` k`s h`b`zh`. Gl iustcrçc sagpklglbtl scdlr
høg` flshradarçcb su vafc ncgakacr.
b` lb su abtlra`r.
plquló`s, lk g`sscfCk ls
aiuck
ubcqul kcs hcscs
ubafcf pcrc cutøb`gc,
h`gpkltc, k`s baó`s gãs
qul Xló`rc Tcdab:  _rlnlrarçc qul Gajclk h`gal
h`galbhl
bhl c mcdkcr. Xa
pr`p`rha`bc t`f`s k`s slrvaha`s blhlscra`s c sus lstufacbtls. b`...
B` søk` lstufacb lb ák, sab` qul tcgdaáb talblb ubc h`habc, Ecnngcb:  Cm, ls ubc abfarlhtc fl qul c ák kl circfc gu
h`glf`r, hucrt`s y rlhadlb kc r`pc blhlscrac. Kc nrlhulbhac hm` lshuhmcr y p`h` mcdkcr.
fl kcs vasatcs fl k`s lstufacbtls flk g`sscf c sus pcfrls fl Xló`rc  Tcdab:  Dulb`, plr` glj`r lgplhlg`s. Lb praglr
plbfl fl ub halrt` búglr` fl ncht`rls, tckls h`g` kc fastcblac kuicr, b` palbs` qul bulstr` hcs` h`bstatuyc ub ljlgpk` fl
il`irãnahc, kc trcfahaøb y. k`s mãdat`s fl k`s eaddutzag fl kc ubc pcrljc h`rralbtl qul sl h`b`hl lb n`rgc chhaflbtck. _lr
rliaøb lsplhçnahc, kcs tcrlcs lsh`kcrls y, k` qul b` ls glb`s tlblhlg`s ck gasg` g`sscf5 flsfl lk `htcv` có` lstufacg`s
agp`rtcbtl, kc v`kubtcf flk cf`klshlbtl. Kc tlbflbhac chtuck lb kc gasgc hkcsl y flsfl lk fáhag` mlg`s lstcf` jubt`s.

3?1
3?=

Ecnngcb:  °Suá lfcf tlbçcb lbt`bhls0 Xló`r Tcdab:  Lb kc chtuckafcf s`brlag`s nrlbtl c pr`dkl
Xló`rc Tcdab:  Lk tlbçc 3> y e   y y` 3< y   ^a.
k
gcs qul lb su g`glbt` pcrlhalr`b guy ircvls5 p`r ljlgpk`,
Ecnngcb:  Ls flhar qul rlckglbtl ustlfls talblb guhmc lx hucbf` tuvag`s qul cf`ptcr ubc chtatuf nrlbtl c kcs rlkc
plralbhac. ha`bls s`hackls lb lk abtlra`r flk irup`. B` lrc sagpkl hucb
Xló`rc Tcdab:  Xab fufc, s`g`s ubc valjc ncgakac. Fl chulr f` tlbçcg`s `paba`bls h`btrcracs y b` lrc sagpkl hucbf` buls
f` h`b kc nlhmc fl hcscgalbt`, mlg`s n`rgcf` pcrljc mchl trcs `paba`bls lrcb uban`rgls. Ls fançhak slr kc praglrc y
huctr` có`s, plr` lb rlckafcf ubc rlkchaøb fl cgastcf y cg`r úbahc pcrljc lb ub gcrh` tcb plquló`.
sl flscrr`kkø* lbtrl b`s`tr`s flsfl mchl hcsa falz có`s. Xló`rc Tcdab: _albs` qul ls halrt`. Bubhc cbckazãdcg`s kc
Ecnngcb: °Q quá ls k` lxtrcó` lb ls`0 satuchaøb, plr` hrl` qul ls halrt`. Bulstrc satuchaøb lb kc
Xló`rc Tcdab:  B` nul ubc satuchaøb fl lbhulbtr` czcr`s` hkcsl lrc ástc: y` lrc glj`r
glj`r lstufacbtl, plr` s`hackglbtl
s`hackglbtl ga
` fl cki` rlplbtab`5 sckag`s jubt`s furcbtl ub talgp` dcs kuicr b` lrc tcb nargl h`gpcrcf` h`b lk fl Gajclk. °B` tl
tcbtl pr`k`bicf` y b` nul fl ub fçc pcrc `tr`. _albs` qul pcrlhl qul lrc csç0
flsfl lk g`glbt` lb qul h`glbzø mcstc lk g`glbt` lb qul Xló`r Tcdab: Xa, sab fufc.
nul hkcr` pcrc b`s`tr`s qul lrcg`s ubc pcrljc, pcsø cpr`xa Xló`rc Tcdab:  Q lbt`bhls, fldaf` prlhascglbtl c lst`, sl
gcfcglbtl glfa` có` ‖qualr` flhar, mcstc qul ckhcbzcg`s k`irø ub dulb lquakadra`. Lb t`f` k` rlkcha`bcf` h`b kc lsnlrc
lk Ecnngcb:
pubt` fl  Lbsckar`trcs
jubt`s, fl pcscr
pckcdrcs, sa bulstr` talgp`dalb,
k`s lbtalbf` jubt`s.
kklicr`b s`hack,
y` ák b`sgãs.
cyufcdc h`bfuhçc narglglbtl,
Lb rlkchaøb y lb
h`b lst`, lk ãrlc fl ckiub`s
sl pkcbtlcr`b lstufa`,
ck slbtagalb
slbtagalbt`
t` h`gúb fl qul lrcb gutuc gutucglbtl
glbtl cflhucf`s pr`dklgcs fldaf` c qul bulstrcs rlkcha`bls lrcb h`bstruafcs
h`g` pcrljc cpr`xagcfcglbtl flspuás fl glfa` có` fl mc y flstruafcs hcfc tcbt` lb lstl hcgp` fl lstufa`.
dlrsl h`b`haf`.  Ecnngc
 Ecnngcb:b: °Høg`0
Xló`r Tcdab:  Nul klbt`. B` hrl` qul flspuás fl glfa` có` Xló`rc Tcdab: Dulb`, lb gãs fl ubc `hcsaøb ch`stugdrã
supaáslg`s qul çdcg`s c slr ubc pcrljc. dcg`s c flhar: kc tcrlc cbtls qul lk pkchlr" y tlbçcg`s qul
Xló`rc Tcdab:  Lrc hlrhc flk nab flk fáhag` hurs` ‖ ‖``m, slbtcrb`s h`g` dulb`s hmah`s pcrc mchlr praglr` bulstr`s
høg` gl h`bnubf` h`b kcs nlhmcs‖, hlrhc fl _cshucs hucb fldlrls, cbtls fl tlblr talgp` pcrc bulstr`s csubt`s pravcf`s.
f` b`s fajag`s hkcrcglbtl qul b`s slbtçcg`s ctrcçf`s. Kuli` Lb ckiub`s hcs`s lrc dcstcbtl `prlsav`.
mud` trls có`s gãs lb qul vavag`s jubt`s flbtr` flk gasg`  Ecnngcb
 Ecnn gcb:: °@prlsav` fl quá gcblrc0 °Cgd`s flhafçcb lb
gcrh` c k` kcri` fl t`f` lk fçc. Lb rlckafcf, lrc pl`r qul h`bjubt` ` mud` h`bnkaht`s lbtrl ustlfls chlrhc fl lstl pr`
kc vafc ncgakacr. dklgc fl kc tcrlc cbtls qul lk pkchlr0
Ecnngcb:  Csa qul ustlf fahl qul b` ls tcb sagpkl vavar Xló`rc Tcdab: Lb guhmcs `hcsa`bls cgd`s scdçcg`s qul tl
flgcsacf` jubt`s. bçcg`s qul slbtcrb`s y lstufacr, plr` b` lstãdcg`s rlckglb
Xló`rc  Tcdab:  B` ls rlckglbtl tcb sagpkl. Lxastlb gu tl faspulst`s c mchlrk`. _lr` sa nabckglbtl b`s `dkaiãdcg`s
hm`s pr`dklgcs chlrhc fl kc rlkchaøb lbtrl kc pcrljc s`katc y b`s slbtãdcg`s c lstufacr, lbt`bhls y`, h`g` lrc kc glj`r
rac y kc s`halfcf, y b` tlbçcg`s lk gasg` stctus lb kc hkcsl, lstufacbtl, tlbac qul cyufcrk`. Dulb`, c vlhls ub` b` talbl
y lstl plra`f` ls guy hratah` pcrc lk nutur` fl kc rlkchaøb. icbcs fl mchlrk`, y lbt`bhls lstc satuchaøb h`bhkuçc arratãbf`
 Ecnngc
 Ecn ngcb:
b:   ^l` qul ustlf s`brçl, Gajclk. b`s. Fl t`fcs n`rgcs, ga chratuf lbt`bhls lrc kc fl qul ls-

33? 333

plrcdc agpchalbtlglbtl lk g`glbt` lb qul tlrgabcrçcg`s fltlrgabcf` lkkc flscpcrlhl y sckl h`b su b`va`. _lr
fltlrgabcf` _lr`` h`g`
bulstr`s lstufa`s, lb lk qul tlrgabcrçcg`s kc lshulkc slhub b`s`tr`s lrcg`s fl kc gasgc ubafcf s`hack, bulstrc flscpcra
fcrac, fl g`f` tck qul lstl ncht`r fl lstufa`s, k`s lbhulb haøb sl slbtçc, kcs plrs`bcs h`gprlbfçcb qul cgd`s sckçcg`s
tr`s pcrc lstufacr b` n`rgcslb pcrtl fl bulstr` vçbhuk`. Lb nulrc flk irup`.
kc chtuckafcf, hcfc ub` talbl su pr`pa` hcgp` fl lstufa`, sus Xló`r Tcdab:  Lb ckiub`s
ckiub`s hcs`s, sl pulfl tlblr kc agprlsaøb
pr`pa`s abtlrlsls, y lxastl lbt`bhls ub lquakadra` guhm` gcy`r. fl qul lb k`s irup`s flk g`sscf lstl tap` fl cgastcf b` ls
Cm`rc, babiub` fl b`s`tr`s rlqualrl kc cyufc flk `tr` lb tár qulrafc. B` salgprl, plr` c vlhls sl talbl lsc agprlsaøb.
ga
gab`s
b`s flsaiuckls.
flsaiuckls. Lb kc vafc fl hcscf`s lxastlb pr`dklgcs
pr`dklgcs fl
Suazãs ls p`r lkk` qul kcs pcrljcs n`rgcfcs lb lk slb` flk
ub tap` u `tr`, y hcfc ub` cyufc ck `tr` lb kc glfafc fl k`
gasg` irup` s`b lshcscs. _ulfl slr abhkus` qul tlbicb hlk`s
p`sadkl.
p`sad kl. _lr` lb kc `dkaichaøb pcrc pcrc mchlr k`s fldlrls, b`
fl kc pcrljc.
lrc circfcd
circfcdkl. kl.
 Ecnngc
 Ecn ngcb:
b: Q fl t`fcs gcblrcs, ustlfls k`ircb h`btabucr fu
Xló`r  Tcdab:  Kl fcrá `tr` `tr` ljlgpk`
ljlgpk` fl kcs fanahuktcfls qul rcbtl guhm`s có`s dcj` lstcs furcs h`bfaha`bls. °Suá k`s
lbnrlbtc kc pcrljc lb lk abtlra`r flk irup`. Lb lk g`vagalbt` kklvø c ubarsl0
 ju
 juvl
vlbbak
ak,, s`kç
s`kçc
c mcdlr
mcdlr hmcrkc
hmcrkcs,
s, y lb ck
ckiu
iubb`s hcs`s
hcs`s ub
ub halrt`
halrt` bú
bú Xló`rc Tcdab:  Hrl` qul s`g`s ub hkãsah` ljlgpk` fl k`
glr` fl galgdr`s cnargcdcb qul b`s`tr`s b`s `hupãdcg`s qul c vlhls sl kkcgc kc ctrchhaøb fl k`s `pulst`s. B` hrl`
flgcsacf`
flgc sacf` lk ub` flk `tr` y qul fl lsl g`f` b`s ckljãdcg`s
ckljãdcg`s qul lxastcb guhmcs pcrljcs qul slcb tcb fastabtcs.
fl kc vafc h`klhtavc.
h`klhtav c. Fl lsl g`f`,
g`f`, ástl
ást l lrc ub` fl k`s pr`  Ecnngc
 Ecn ngcb:b:  Tlckglbtl, lbt`bhls, lst` pr`p`rha`bcrã guhm`
dklgcs qul tlbçcg`s qul lbnrlbtcr y suplrcr, lk fl v`kvlr gctlrack c kc gcblrc lb qul ustlfls trctcb lk pr`dklgc fl
c kc vafc h`klhtavc, h`g` cbtls. _albs` qul lrc guy lxcilrc k`s h`btrcstls.
f`, plr` kc prlsaøb s`hack ls guy abtlbsc y ustlf fldl flg`strcr Xló`rc Tcdab: X`g`
 X`g`ss gu
guy y fanlrlbtls . . . praglr`, tú Gajclk.
qul lkk`s lstãb lquav`hcf`s. Lstcs prlsa`bls cnlhtcb c cgd`s  Ecnngc
 Ecnngcb:b: °Vlgl abnkuark`0
abtlircbtls fl kc pcrljc y pkcbtlcb fanahuktcfls pcrc lkk`s. Xló`rc Tcdab:  B`, tlg` qul flspuás
flspuás fl gas pckcdrcs b`
 Ecnngc
 Ecn ngcb:b:  Fl t`fcs n`rgcs, pcrlhl qul flspuás fl t`f` kl qulfl bcfc qul flhar.
ustlfls lrcb dulb`s hmah`s. Kc s`halfcf qulrac qul ustlfls Xló`r  Tcdab:  Cbckazcr bulstr`s hcrchtlrls ls cki` dcstcbtl
lstufacslb gãs, y lbt`bhls ustlfls rlbubhacdcb c sus pr`pa`s h`gpkahcf`. Gl h`bsaflr` ubc plrs`bc guhm` gãs trcbquakc.
pkchlrls plrs`bckls.
plrs`bckls.
gcs chtavcglbtl Kc b`
y qul s`halfcf qulrçc h`g`
sl lxhkuylslb qul h`btraduylslb
h`btraduylsl
pcrljc, y lbb Hrl` qul ls` sl lxprlsc tcgdaáb lb kcs chtavafcfls s`hackls.
Gl kklv` dalb h`b kc gcy`r pcrtl fl kcs plrs`bcs flk eaddutz,
t`bhls ustlfls k` chlptcr`b flspuás fl fufcr ub p`h`. sab pr`dklgcs. Lb lk trcbshurs` fl gas lstufa`s b` k`irá gu
Xló`rc  Tcdab:  B` pulf` cnargcr qul salgp
salgprl
rl chlptcg`s hm`, plr` lb kcs tcrlcs qul gl csaibcdc lk g`vagalbt` ju
kc prlsaøb fl kc s`halfcf  (pcutc).  H`g` cgd`s plrtlblhçc vlbak, lb kcs `trcs chtavafcfls lb lk g`sscf, y lb k`s favlrs`s
g`s c kc gasgc
gasgc hkcsl, ck gas
gasg`
g` irup`, vavçcg`s ubc f`dkl trcdcj`s flk eaddutz, b` tlbçc babiúb pr`dklgc. Q` lrc chtav`
vafc. Fl pr`bt` árcg`s ubc ubafcf fl kc gasgc hkcsl, y, fl y h``plrcdc lb t`fcs kcs tcrlcs s`hackls lb kcs qul sl gl
i`kpl, sckçcg`s nulrc flk irup`. Hucbf` ub guhmchm` y ubc s`kahatcdc qul k` mahalsl.
hmahc plrtlblhçcb c hkcsls fanlrlbtls, bcfal flhçc bcfc hucb Xló`rc Tcdab:  Lb ilblrck bubhc tl lk`iacs5 p`r k` glb`s
glb`s
f` sckçcb jubt`s. V`f`s scdlb lbt`bhls qul lb ub g`glbt` mczk` cm`rc. °_`r quá b` pr`saiuls0

333 338

Xló`r Tcdab: _albs` qul ls tu turb` cm`rc. Xló`rc Tcdab:  Lst`y t`tckglbtl fl chulrf` qul ls halrt`,
 Ecnngcb
 Ecnngcb::  Cbtls ustlfls mcdkcr`b fl h`btrcstls. °V`f` k` plr` fl t`fcs gcblrcs lk hcrãhtlr plrsastl. Q flk gasg` g`f`
qul Gajclk faj` chlrhc fl sç fanalrl fl su hcrãhtlr0 lb qul y` rlchha`b` flgcsacf` ciufcglbtl cbtl lstcs h`satcs
Xló`rc Tcdab: B`, lk pr`dklgc prabhapck, kc fanlrlbhac prab qul quazã b` glrlhlb ubc rlchhaøb slgljcbtl, tcgdaáb palbs`
hapck ‖b` pulf` lxprlscrgl lb p`hcs pckcdrcs‖ s`b kc trcb M  vlhls qul ák b` salgprl rlchha`bc hucbf` fldlrçc mchlrk`.
quakafcf, kc hckgc, kc lstcdakafcf qul h`bstatuylb sus rcsi`s Ecnngcb:  ^lcg`s quá `hurrl hucbf` c ustlf rlckglbt
rlckglbtll k`
prabhapckls, plr` qul b` lxastlb lb gç. H`bgai` t`f` lstã lb malrlb.
tlbsaøb, lb ckiub`s hcs`s blictavc y lb `tr`s p`satavc, plr` Xló`rc Tcdab: Vcgp`h` rlchha`bc.
bubhc lb lquakadra`. _crc gç bubhc kc vafc pcsc hckgcglbtl. Xló`r Tcdab:  C vlhls fai` cki`, plr` quazã b` h`b kc su
Q ls p`r lkk` qul tlbi` guhmcs nrahha`bls lb ga rlkchaøb h`b nahalbtl narglzc h`g` pcrc qul b` vulkvc c `hurrar. Lb gu
kc ilbtl. B` hlf`. Lk ls guhm` gãs abfukilbtl ‖tcgdaáb mchac hm`s hcs`s, rlckglbtl, b` rlchha`b`5 lb halrt` g`f` gl k`
gç‖ y y` b`. B` plrf`b`, gl lb`j` nãhakglbtl. Hrl` qul trci`, plr` lb ckiub`s hcs`s rlchha`b`. _albs` qul b` salg
tcgdaáb lrc csç hucbf` baóc. Lb lk g`sscf k`s gclstr`s salg prl ls p`sadkl rls`kvlr t`fcs kcs fasputcs, plr` cub gas rlch
prl gl flhçcb qul b` blhlsatcdcb ub cd`icf`. Vlbi` kc ag ha`bls g`flrcfcs talblb ckiúb lnlht`, hrl`.
prlsaøb fl qul ga slbtaf` fl kc justahac ls flgcsacf` abtlbs`. Xló`rc Tcdab:  Lb lstl pubt`, tlbi` cki` qul cócfar, y ástc
V`fcs kcs
mcdkcr, p`rplrs`bcs k` talblb,galbtrcs
quá abtlrnlrar0", plr` guhmcs
guqul
hmcsy`fahlb:
fld` "°_`r quá
rlchha`bcr ls
lk ubc vlzqul
talgp` gãsmlubc fl kcs fanlrlbhacs.
h`b`haf` Hrl` k`
c Gajclk, bubhc qulmlfurcbtl t`f`
vast` absuk
salgprl.
salgp rl. V`f` k` qul palbs`, k` fai`. Ls tcb tcb halrt`,
halrt`, qul lb tcr c bcfal. Cki` csç sagpklglbtl b` lxastl pcrc ák. Lb`j` sç,
guhm`s hcs`s mcdk` cbtls fl plbscr. _albs` qul Gajclk ls plr` flbtr` fl ák, trcbquakcglbtl, h`b rasc ` h`b flsfáb. Lk
fanlrlbtl. Lk lstã
lstã lb pcz h`bsai` gasg`
gasg` p`rqul scdl: "ml rlcka
rlcka ls mlraf`, plr` b` malrl. Q`, p`r lk h`btrcra`, malr` guy pr`b
zcf` gas fldlrls pcrc h`bgai` y pcrc h`b k`s `tr`s, lbt`bhls t` y guy pr`bt` tcgdaáb gl salbt` mlrafc. Cfgat` qul pulf`
t`f` lstã dalb". Lb gãs fl ubc `hcsaøb `hurraø qul ckiualb absuktcr c kc ilbtl. C vlhls abtlbt` f`gabcrgl, plr` ga h`b
p`r lk qul Gajclk mcdçc mlhm` guhm` b` chtuø flk gasg` g`f` tr`k ls guhm` gãs fádak. Gajclk ls guhm` gãs lquakadrcf`.
pcrc h`b ák, cubqul su fldlr lrc mchlrk`. Gl salbt` guy mlra C kcs plrs`bcs b` kls iustc kc ilbtl qul malrl y qul sl salbtl
fc lbt`bhls, fldaf` c qul kl fai`: "mahastl
"mahastl guhm`, °p`r quá mlrafc. Kcs mchl slbtar abhøg`fcs. Q lbt`bhls h`b ubc plr
b` tl trctcb flk gasg` g`f`0". s`bc h`g` Gajclk, qul hucbf` k` malrlb plrgcblhl trcbquak`,
Xló`r Tcdab: _lr` y` kl fai` c Lstmlr: "Dulb`, `kvaflg`s b` fahl bcfc, ls guhm` gãs nãhak.
lst`". Q lkkc ls gãs agpuksavc y lstã faspulstc c plklcr lb Ecnngcb:  Gl prliubt` sa `hurrl k` gasg` lb kc rlkchaøb
sliuafc. lbtrl ustlfls.
Xló`rc Tcdab: Ls halrt`, plkl`5 h`bgai` b` mcy t`btlrçcs. Xló`rc  Tcdab:  Xç, k` chlpt`. Kl fará, mcy ub hmastl lbtrl
_lr` cpcrlbtlglbtl talbls rczøb. ^avls gãs trcbquak`, talbls b`s`tr`s qul furc flsfl qul b`s h`b`hlg`s. Xalgprl fai`
ubc vafc glj`r. qul bubhc plklcg`s, sagpklglbtl y` plkl` s`kc. H`galb
Xló`r Tcdab:  Lb h`bjubt`,
h`bjubt`, ástcs s`b h`scs fl lshcsc
lshcsc agp`r
agp`r z` ubc plklc, Gajclk b` h`btlstc. Gl lb`j` y gl arrat` hcfc
tcbhac, b` pr`dklgcs fl prabhapa`. B` mcy blhlsafcf fl lb` vlz gãs. Kl mcdk`, plr` ák sl qulfc trcbquak` y b` rlsp`bfl.
 jc
 jcrs
rsll h`b tcbt
tcbtc
c nchak
nchakaf
afcf
cf.. Csç, nabckglbtl, gl rlh`bhaka` h`bgai` gasgc, h`b ák tcg-

336 33<

dalb,  plr` kc plklc lbtrl b`s`tr`s ls salgprl tlrradklglbtl  Ecnngc


 Ecn ngcb:b: ^l`
 ^l` qul Gajclk k`irc c su gcblrc lb`jcrkc. Hucb
ubakctlrck, pulst` qul p`r k` ilblrck... f` Lstmlr kl pafl gãs cyufc lb kcs tcrlcs h`tafacbcs fl kc
Tcdab:  B` vl` babiubc rczøb pcrc h`bvlrtar kcs
Xló`r Tcdab:  hcsc, ustlf b` rlsp`bfl, cubqul mchl ub`s gabut`s sl flshra
plqulócs h`scs y kcs pckcdrcs flk g`glbt` lb ubc plklc rlck. dçc c sç gasg` h`g` h``plrcf`r, s`kçhat`. Suazã b` lxastc bab
Tcdab: Xç, lscs s`b kcs h`satcs fl kc vafc h`tafacbc
Xló`rc Tcdab: Xç, iubc h`btrcfahhaøb lb rlkchaøb h`b lst`. _ulfl slr qul lstc
hucbf` sl vavl lb ubc gasgc mcdatchaøb. Lscs plklcs lg abchhaøb tcgdaáb tlbic `trcs hcuscs. °Suá palbsc ustlf0
palzcb lb gç, sl flscrr`kkcb lb gç y tlrgabcb lb gç. Lk b` Xló`r Tcdab: 
Tcdab:  Ls halrt` k` qul lkkc fahl, lb guhm`s hcs`s
pcrtahapc lb kcs plklcs. _lrgcblhl slbtcf` trcbquakcglbtl b` mci` k` sunahalbtl, ` b` mci` bcfc, p`r ljlgpk` lb k` qul
y lsplrc, p`rqul scdl qul kc t`rglbtc pcscrã y t`f` v`kvlrã sl rlnalrl c kcs tcrlcs fl kc hcsc. _lr` fld` flhar qul ga
c kc b`rgckafcf. fçc fl trcdcj` ls rlckglbtl guy hcricf`. _`r ljlgpk`, gl
Xló`r   Tcdab: 
Xló`r Tcdab:  Hucbf` ub` lstã rlckglbtl guy lb`jcf` ls klvcbt` c kcs > glb`s hucrt` fl kc gcócbc y søk` pulf` fls
guy fançhak flhark` lb trls pckcdrcs 
pckcdrcs  (rascs). 
(rascs).  Lk pr`dklgc ls hcbscr cki` c kcs `hm` y glfac fl kc b`hml.
qul Lstmlr sl lb`jc flgcsacf` pr`bt` y sl kl fldl fcr cki`  Ecnngc
 Ecnngcb: b:   °Q mcstc kc b`hml b` pulfl flshcbscr0
fl talgp` pcrc qul pulfc lbnracrsl. Lbt`bhls sl pulflb rl Xló`r Tcdab:
Xló`r Tcdab: Xç. Xç. Q lbt`bhls lsc satuchaøb pulfl cnlhtcr sab
s`kvlr k`s pr`dklgcs lb n`rgc guhm` gãs køiahc y cflhucfc. fufc ga fasp`sahaøb pcrc trcdcjcr lb hcsc, pcrc g`vlr k`s
Tcdab:  _lr` lbt`bhls ls`s pr`dklgcs b` pcrlhlb
Xló`rc Tcdab:  guldkls, pcrc kklbcr lk tcbqul fl pltrøkl`. Hucbf`, lst`y fl
agp`rtcbtls. Nubfcglbtckglbtl s`b, lb rlckafcf, plqulócs gcsacf` hcbscf`, sagpklglbtl b` k` mci`, k` qul pr`v`hc
h`scs. V`glg`s h`g` ljlgpk` kc cyufc fl Gajclk lb kcs nrahha`bls.
tcrlcs f`gástahcs, pcrc gcbtlblr kc hcsc kagpac. _albs` qul Xló`rc   Tcdab: 
Xló`rc Tcdab:  H`gprlbf` tus rcz`bls, plr` ls fançhak fl
b` gl cyufc k` sunahalbtl. Csç, h`g` sl vl, kc plklc ls p`r chlptcr. \bc vlz gãs, kc køiahc fahl qul talbls rczøb: fls
h`scs plqulócs plr` tlblg`s qul vavar cquç bulstrc vafc puás fl t`f`, hucbf` ubc plrs`bc sl klvcbtc fl gcócbc tlg
fl t`f`s k`s fçcs y tlblg`s qul gcbtlblr kc mcdatchaøb lb prcb` y b` vl su hcgc mcstc tcrfl lb kc b`hml ls `dva` qul
`rflb y flfahcrb`s cki` c ls`. Lbt`bhls, flspuás fl t`f`, b` talbl flgcsacfc lblriçc pcrc mchlr kcs h`scs fl kc hcsc.
lstc plqulóc h`sc sl mchl agp`rtcbtl p`rqul ák lstcrã h`b Lb ga hcs`, kcs m`rcs fl trcdcj` y lk talgp` fl trcdcj` lb
gai` furcbtl t`fc kc vafc, b` ls ubc plqulóc h`satc. Ls t`bt` t`tck b` s`b tcb lxtlbucbtls.
plklcr chlrhc fl: "°_usastl ` b` pusastl kc `kkc0", y, tcgdaáb,
b` ls t`bt`.  Ecn
 Ecnngc
ngcb:  °Suá trcdcj`0
b: °Suá
Xló`rc 
Xló`rc Tcdab:  Mci` f`s trcdcj`s: lb ub` cyuf` ck f`ht`r
  Tcdab: 
 Ecnngc
 Ecn ngcb:b:   Dulb`, hrl` qul lb rlckafcf Gajclk lxprlsc csç su lb kc hkçbahc y lk rlst` flk talgp` trcdcj` lb kc hcsc fl k`s
`p`sahaøb ck fljcr fl mchlr ckiubcs h`scs, y k` mchl lb su hmah`s, f`bfl pulfc slr blhlscra`. Lbt`bhls, p`r fur` qul
lstak` trcbquak`. slc ga trcdcj`, y p`r gãs qul hrl` qul furcbtl lk fçc lst`y
Xló`rc Tcdab: Halrt`. _`r k` ilblrck lxprlsc su flschulrf` `hupcfc, salgprl gl qulfc ubc m`rc fl flshcbs` fl tcrfl,
c trcvás fl kc abchhaøb. Hcfc tcbt` sl pr`fuhl ub lstckkaf` y cbtls fl lstcr h`b kc ncgakac. Lb lk abtlrvck` lk sló`r y cg`
lbt`bhls, lb su pr`pa` lstak` trcbquak`, Gajclk fahl k` qul talbl rlirlsc, b` mc
mc flshcbscf` lb t`f` lk fac y qualrl qul sl k`
qul flhar, plr` kcs h`scs vulkvlb c kc b`rgckafcf, kc vafc fljl s`k`. Tlckglbtl gl pcrlhl qul ls csç. Ls fanahak fl chlptcr.
saiul, y ls csa.  Ecnngc
 Ecnngcb:  °Lbt`bhls høg` rlsulkvlb lstl pr`dklgc0
b: °Lbt`bhls
33> 339

Xló`rc Tcdab:  _`r ljlgpk`, ák trcdcj


trcdcjcc lb kc nãdra
nãdrahc
hc ‖m
‖mccy trcs ustlf lstã lxpulst`
lxpulst` c lshuhmcr
lshuhmcr trcbquakcglbtl y c trc
ub tckklr ckkç y p`frçc mchlr h`scs qul qualr`, p`r ljlgpk` icrk` t`f`, y flspuás kc t`rglbtc pcsc. °Ls csa0
ubc glsc ` ubc sakkc. _lr` søk` ls p`sadkl mchlrk` flspuás fl Xló`rc  Tcdab:  Xøk` ubc h`rrlhhaøb, y ls guy agp`rtcbtl,
kcs m`rcs fl trcdcj` y b` lst`y fl chulrf` h`b ls`. Lbt`bhls lsplhackglbtl lb lk eaddutz. _`r k` ilblrck, kcs hrçtahcs b` kcs
p`r ub kcf` kl paf`: "mcz lst` y lst` `tr` pcrc gç* y p`r mci` lb v`z guy cktc, b` hrl` qul k`s vlhab`s slpcb qul
`tr`: "b` vulkvcs tcrfl c hcsc". Vcgdaáb lxastl `tr` pr` plklcg`s. Suazãs lkk`s vlb ub r`str` lb`jcf` u `ylb ckiubc
dklgc. B` tlbi` m`ddals, ba bcfc lsplhack qul mchlr. Gajclk h`bvlrschaøb hcustahc, plr` b` vlb babiubc plklc. Bubhc pl
ls fanlrlbtl, talbl guhm`s m`ddals qul kl kklvcb guhm` talgp`, klcg`s c k`s irat`s, sab`, qul p`r k` ilblrck, sl fc lb n`rgc
lbt`bhls ák tlrgabc plrfalbf`, b` pulfl mchlr t`fcs kcs h` guy hckgc. Xøk` ubc t`rglbtc trcbquakc. _albs` qul ls guy
scs qul kl iustcrçc mchlr. p`satav` qul k`s vlhab`s b` pcrtahaplb fl bulstr`s csubt`s
Xló`r  Tcdab:  Cpcrtl fl t`f` lst` mcy h`scs qul mcy qul pravcf`s.
mchlr pcrc lk eaddutz. Tlsuktc qul lk có` pcscf` Lstmlr lrc  Ecnngcb
 Ecn ngcb::  Csç lk hçrhuk` iarc y iarc salgprl lb kc gasgc
rlsp`bscdkl fl kc fastraduhaøb fl trcdcj` y y` tlbçc `trcs h` farlhhaøb. °Høg` k` cnlhtc ls`0
scs lsplhackls qul mchlr. Q cflgãs, k` glj`r fl t`f`, tlbl Xló`r Tcdab: Kc vlrfcf ls qul lb guhmcs `hcsa`bls y` mahl
g`s ub majat`. pkcbls chlrhc fl høg` gl iustcrçc s`rprlbflr c Lstmlr mc
Xló`rc Tcdab:  Lb ub praglr g`glbt`, lrc fançhak. Lrc guy halbf` ckiúb guldkl, ` mchalbf` cki` pcrc kc hcsc, plr` lnlh
fançhak mchlr ga trcdcj` y flshcbscr lb kcs m`rcs flfahcfcs tavcglbtl ls guy fançhak pcrc gç mchlrk` p`rqul b` tlbi`
pcrc lstcr h`b lk hmah` y pcrc `hupcrgl fl ák, lsplhackglbtl sunahalbtl talgp`. _albs` qul lsl ls lk pr`dklgc. Kklvc talgp`
lb k`s plrç`f`s hucbf` Gajclk tlbçc qul mchlr su slrvaha` fl mchlr k` qul Lstmlr gl pafl qul mcic. \b fçc flhafag`s ar
rlslrvc lb lk ljárhat`. _lr` palbs` qul  fl  t`fcs n`rgcs nul ck eaddutz Gc'cick c vasatcr c gas pcfrls. Q lb `trc `hcsaøb
ub  plrç`f` guy kabf`. gãs ck eaddutz Icbag, f`bfl vavl kc mlrgcbc gcy`r fl
Ecnngcb:  °Nul0 Lstmlr. V`f` ls` kklvc talgp`, b` fasp`blg`s fl guhm`
Xló`rc Tcdab:  Xç, kc pcrtl dulbc t`fcvçc saiul, plr`  cm`rc talgp`.
kc hcric b` ls tcb plscfc pulst` qul yc mlg`s h`bhkuaf`   ck ck  Ecnngcb
 Ecnn gcb::  Lbt`bhls, ustlfls s`b ubc ncgakac dcstcbtl `hu
iubcs fl bulstrcs tcrlcs y cm`rc ls guhm`   gãs nãhak. pcfc y favafafc, dcstcbtl fanlrlbtl fl kc agcilb afçkahc flk
Ecnngcb:  Q ustlf faj` qul tlbçc h`bhalbhac fl   kc  h`btrc eaddutz qul talblb ckiubcs plrs`bcs.
fahhaøb lbtrl kc blhlsafcf fl ctchcr c  Gajclk hucbf` sl  salbtl Xló`r Tcdab:  Halrt`.
Halrt`. Lb bulstr` hcs` ls salgprl "ubc
"ubc ls
ls
nrustrcfc y lk slbtaf` h`gúb qul Gajclk rlprlslbtc y qul kc tchaøb `hupcfc". Lstã lk trcdcj`, kc ncgakac, lk maj`, k`s pc
vulkvl c ustlf c  kc rlckafcf. ralbtls5 lbt`bhls ub fçc vcg`s c vlr ubc `drc fl tlctr`, `tr`
Xló`rc TckMb: Xç, y ls p`r ls` qul kcs plklcs b` s`b slracs. fac mchlg`s ckiúb trcdcj` s`hack pcrc lk eaddutz, y `trc vlz
Fl t`fcs n`rgcs  b` tlblg`s pr`dklgcs  slra`s, p`r k`  qul mcy ub pcrtaf` fl dcsqult. Lbt`bhls, qulfcrsl flspuás flk
pulfl vlr. trcdcj`
trcdcj ` h`b t`fc lstc prlsaøb
prlsaøb pcrc mchlr cki` ls
l s. ..
Ecnngcb:  Lbt`bhls hucbf` lxastl ubc fasputc
fasputc lbtrl
lbtr l ustl Xló`rc  Tcdab:  Q kc b`hml kadrl fl kc slgcbc, tcgdaáb tal
fls, ubc fl kcs rlikcs c trcvás fl kcs huckls nubha`bc kc nc bls qul f`rgar (ras`s).
gakac ls kc fl qul Lstmlr sl lb`jc, mchl hrçtahcs ircvls, gçlb-  Ecnngcb
 Ecnngcb:: Lbt`bhls, hucbf` b` plklcb, lstãb fl chulrf` lb

331
33=

qul ls sagpklglbtl ub pr`dklgc fl kcs harhubstcbhacs `djltavcs. pulstcs c mchlr ub lsnulrz`, y sl prl`hupcb. Cfgat` qul lsc
Xló`r Tcdab:  Q, sab lgdcri`, Lstmlr cnargc c vlhls qul s`y satuchaøb cnlhtc kc vafc ncgakacr.
ub m`kiczãb, y y` hrl` qul ls` talbl su pcrtl dulbc. Ecnngcb:  °Q ustlf kl plfarçc qul susplbfc su trcdcj`0
Xló`rc Tcdab: °Xu pcrtl dulbc0 Xló`rc Tcdab:  ¡Jcgãs!
Xló`r Tcdab: (Tascs).  Xç, c vlhls ls glj`r b` slr flgcsacf` Ecnngcb:  _lr` ustlf sl quljc tcbt` chlrhc fl kcs fançhakls
fakailbtl. h`bfaha`bls fl trcdcj` fl Gajclk.
Xló`rc Tcdab:  Cm, cm`rc talbls ubc tl`rçc, ubc dcsl afl`kø Xló`rc Tcdab:  Ls halrt`, plr` b` sl trctc fl cki` p`r k`
iahc. Xa talbls prabhapa`s, hrl` qul b` sarvl fl bcfc slrg` qul gl qulj` salgprl. Q` sagpklglbtl "kcri` vcp`r" hcfc
blcrtl pcrc qul tl vulkvcs gãs chtav`. tcbt`. Xagpklglbtl p`r hcuscs li`çstcs, kl paf` qul vulkvc
Ecnngcb: _lr` ubc h`sc ls halrtc, p`r k` qul ml vast` mcstc c kcs trls pcrc qul pulfc flshcbscr mcstc kcs huctr`, y lbt`b
cm`rc. K`s slrg`bl`s h`bstcbtls fl Lstmlr lb rlckafcf b` k` hls tlbi` ub m`gdrl chtav` y nrlsh`.
lstagukcb. Ecnngcb:  °Lbt`bhls, quá0
Xló`r  y sló`rc Tcdab (jubt`s):   B`. Xló`rc Tcdab: Lbt`bhls, y` kcri` vcp`r5 plr` chlpt` lk mlhm`
Ecnngcb:  Xl pkcbtlc lk pr`dklgc fl vlr høg` k` cnlhtc lsl fl qul, sa h`bsaflrc blhlscra` sliuar trcdcjcbf`, ák scdl k`
h`bstcbtl slrg`bl`. H`g` b` k` lstagukc c mchlr h`scs, qua qul mchl. Lk b` abtlrnalrl lb ga trcdcj`, y y` b` abtlrnalr`
zãs mcstc halrt` pubt` k` arratc y pr`v`hc su abchtavafcf. Suazã lb lk suy`.
slc ástc ubc lxpkahchaøb pcrhack fl kc h`btrcfahhaøb lbtrl su Ecnngcb: Lbt`bhls, ustlf fahl qul, h`g` ák sl sctasnchl h`b
fakailbhac lb lk lxtlra`r y su supulst` mcrcicbl` lb su hcsc. su trcdcj`, lbt`bhls ustlf talbl qul pcicr ub halrt` prlha`,
Xló`r  Tcdab:  Mcy cki` fl halrt` lb k` qul fahl. _lr` fl ustlf lstã faspulstc c ub h`gpr`gas`.
t`f`s g`f`s hrl` qul kc prabhapck hcusc s`b kcs harhubstcbhacs Xló`rc Tcdab:  Gãs qul ls`, palbs` qul lk prlha` qul pci`
`djltavcs. Lsh ls lk pr`dklgc cquç lb lk eaddutz. Mcy ls ls guy circfcdkl5 b` salbt` qul lst`y mchalbf` ub schranaha`.
hcslz fl gcb` fl `drc, lbt`bhls t`f` lk qul sl salbtl h`g` _lr` palbs` qul ls lk prlha` qul pcicg`s p`rqul ák cdcbf`bø
pcrtl flk eaddutz, qul b` salbtl qul lstã lbnrlbtcbf` ck fuló` su m`icr y vabag`s c vavar cquç ck eaddutz Tlilv.
fl ubc nãdrahc qul abtlbtc lxpk`tcrk` sab` qul kc pkcbtc ls Ecnngcb:  Xç, ustlf ls fl `tr` eaddutz. \stlf bchaø lb lk
tcgdaáb suyc, t`f` lk qul vl kc satuchaøb fl lsl g`f` b` eaddutz Gc'cick.

pulfl
pcrcr kclvatcr mchlr m`rcs
pr`fuhhaøb. lxtrcs
Ls halrt` qulhucbf` kc cktlrbctavc
mcy ckiubcs plrs`bcsslrçc
qul Xló`rc
qulrçc   Lsk` halrt`,
  Tcdab:y`
mchlrk`, y ákK`cdcbf`bø
prlsa`bá. su eaddutz. Lk p`r
mahl nubfcglbtckglbtl b`
fljcb fl trcdcjcr lb lk m`rcra` rliukcr y qul b` sl prl`hupcb ubc rczøb ncgakacr. Flspuás fl t`f` lb su ncgakac mcy trls
p`r bcfc, plr` kc gcy`r pcrtl flk plrs`bck trcdcjc h`g` fldl mlrgcb`s gãs, y sus pcfrls s`b guy jøvlbls. Lk ls lk maj`
mchlrk`. gcy`r y y` s`y kc glb`r. Gas pcfrls s`b guhm` gãs valj`s
Xló`rc Tcdab:  Lb lk plrs`bck táhbah`, f`s fl k`s huctr` mchlb y guhm` glb`s sckufcdkls. Lbt`bhls prlsa`bá u Gajclk p`r
lk csubt` fl kc ncgakac.
søk` lk m`rcra` rliukcr.
Xló`r  Tckrab:  Lst`s f`s talblb pr`dklgcs plrs`bckls t`tck Ecnngcb:  \stlf qualrl flhar qul qulrçc qulfcrsl lb ;•!
glbtl fanlrlbtls, y ls p`r ls` qul chtúcb csa. _lr` kcs plr eaddutz Tlilv y qul su satuchaøb ncgakacr lsplhack kc cyufø
s`bcs c kcs qul y` kkcgcrçc b`rgckls, gãs ` glb`s, lstãb fas- c rlckazcr su flsl`. _lr` lxastçc ubc favlrilbhac lbtrl ustá-

343
34?

fls, cpcrlbtlglbtl guy slrac. B` nul nãhak pcrc ustlf cdcb Ecnngcb:  °Ck h`galbz` fl su vafc fl hcscf`s0
f`bcr su m`icr5 hcfc ub` fl ustlfls tlbac ub m`icr lb ub Xló`r Tcdab: B` sá sa b`s cnlhtø c cgd`s h`g` pcrljc, plr`
kuicr fanlrlbtl, y tuvalr`b qul flhafar cf`bfl ar, c su ead gl cnlhtø c gç plrs`bckglbtl. B` h`b`hçc kc s`halfcf fl
dutz ` ck suy`. °Høg` t`gcr`b kc flhasaøb0 Tlilv flgcsacf` dalb. H`b`hçc c kc ilbtl, plr` b` gl slb
Xló`r Tcdab:  Kc vlrfcf ls qul tuvag`s ubc plklc guy tçc hlrhc fl lkk`s. Vlbçc ubc halrtc agprlsaøb fl slr ub lx
kcric. trcó`, cub lb lk trcdcj`. Lb Gccick valj`s cgai`s ch`stug
Xló`rc Tcdab: _raglr` pr`dá lb lk eaddutz fl Gajclk. Ls drcdcb vasatcrgl p`r k` glb`s ubc vlz p`r slgcbc, y cquç
tuvag`s lb Gccick furcbtl ub plrç`f` fl lbscy` fl `hm` y` lxtrcócdc su h`gpcóçc.
glsls, y csç, gãs tcrfl, pufl fcrgl hulbtc glj`r fl qul Xló`rc  Tcdab:  Xç, y` scdçc ls`, s`kçcs flhçrglk`. _lr` b`
plbscdc qul fldlrçcg`s vavar lb ga eaddutz. hrl` qul mcyc cnlhtcf` bulstrc vafc h`gúb. B` hrl` qul mcyc
 Ecnngcb
 Ecnn gcb::  Lbt`bhls faspusalr`b
faspusalr`b fl talgp` sunahalbtl
sunahalbtl pcrc hcuscf` babiubc hrasas ncgakacr, °b` tl pcrlhl0
flhafarsl. °Høg` kklicr`b c su flhasaøb h`gúb0 Xló`r  Tcdab:  B`, kc hrasas nul kc gufcbzc fl ub eaddut
eaddutzz
Xló`r  Tcdab:  Dulb`,
Dulb`, y` b` qulrçc vlbar cquç, ck eaddutz
eaddutz c `tr`, cdcbf`bcbf` gas pr`pa`s cgai`s, Hrl` qul ga hçrhuk`
Tlilv5 plr` cflgãs fl t`f` k` qul sl mc fahm`, mcy harhubs lb Gccick, dulb`, lb praglr kuicr lrcb ub p`h` gcy`rls
tcbhacs `djltavcs. Hucbf` sl n`rgc ubc ncgakac, sl fldl h`b qul kc ilblrchaøb gãs j`vlb fl Tlilv, y, lbt`bhls, tcgdaáb
saflrcr kc satuchaøb fl k`s pcfrls y kc ncgakac lb ilblrck. X`b hrl` qul lrcb gãs slra`s5 lsc ls ga `pabaøb, y k`s lxtrcócdc.
h`scs qul b` sl pulflb
pulflb aib`rcr. Lbt`bhls,
Lbt`bhls, ub` plklc plr` lb Xló`rc  Tcdab:  Lstl lrc tcgdaáb ub pr`dklgc qul b` p`
rlckafcf h`gprlbfç qul b` tlbçc `phaøb. fçc lvatcrsl. Xuriaø fldaf` c kc gufcbzc fl kuicr lb lk qul
 Ecnngc
 Ecn ngcb:b: °Q lbt`bhls ustlf b` tlbçc rcz`bls
rcz`bls `djltavcs hkc
hk c vavçcs y fl kc h`gpcóçc qul ckkç tlbçcs. B` nul ubc fasputc
rcs pcrc qulfcrsl lb su eaddutz0 `raiabcfc lb fanlrlbhacs fl hcrãhtlr lbtrl b`s`tr`s. Lstuvl lb
Xló`r  Tcdab: Kc úbahc hcusc ls qul lrc ga m`icr. Lb lk Gccick furcbtl `hm` glsls y b` pufl p`blrgl c trcdcjcr.
trcdcj` y lb kc s`halfcf b` tlbac pr`dklgcs y p`fçc lstcr B` fldaf` c qul s`y ubc plrs`bc qul b` trcdcjc ` qul b`
guy dalb lb huckqualrc fl k`s eaddutzag. Lbt`bhls palbs` lstã faspulstc c chlptcr rlsp`bscdakafcfls, sab` fldaf` c qul
qul kcs rcz`bls ncgakacrls lrcb kcs flhasavcs. b` pufl lbh`btrcr ub klbiucjl h`gúb h`b kcs plrs`bcs fl
 Ecnngcb
 Ecnngcb:: Lbt`bhls
 Lbt`bhls,, ustlf vab`
vab` ck eaddutz fl Lstmlr h`b
h`b ck ckkç, kcs plrs`bcs qul trcdcjcdcb h`bgai`. _albs` qul ls` sl
iubc rlslrvc abtlrbc y kc blhlsafcf fl suplrcr su `djlhaøb. fldl c kcs fanlrlbhacs lbtrl bulstr`s f`s eaddutz, lk gç` y lk
Xló`r Tcdab:  Ls guy sagpkl, k` mahl p`r Lstmlr. Hucbf` fl Gajclk.
ub` lkail c ckiualb pcrc t`fc kc vafc, sl fldl slr h`bsaflrcf`.  Ecnngcb
 Ecn ngcb::  Dulb`, chlrhc fl su pr`pac rlkchaøb plrs`bck,
 Ecnngcb
 Ecnngcb::  Lbt`bhls,
Lbt`bhls, ustlf sabtaø qul lrc agp`rtcbtl pcrc pcrlhlb mcdlr ckhcbzcf` ub gcrh` fl rlkcha`bls lstcdkl lb
kcs dulbcs rlkcha`bls lbtrl ustlfls. trl ustlfls y h`b lk qul pcrlhlb lstcr fl chulrf`.
Xló`r  T`dl
T`dlb:
b: Vcgdaáb mudalsl p`faf` mcdlr
mcdlr dulbcs rlkc
rlkc Xló`rc  Tcdab:  Lstcdkl sç, plr` b` salgprl lstuvag`s fl
ha`bls lb Gccick, plr` tlbac kc agprlsaøb qul kcs rlkcha`bls chulrf` h`b  ák.  _lr` ub` cprlbfl  c sucvazcr  kcs h`scs, c fl
ncgakacrls lrcb fl pls` y guy agp`rtcbtls pcrc Lstmlr5 lb  j
 jcr
crkc
kcss fl kcf
kcf`, mchlrr  ircbfls pr`dklgcs  fl kcs pl
`, c b` mchl
t`bhls nabckglbtl chlptá. C flhar vlrfcf, lb ub h`galbz` qulócs h`scs. B` hrl` qul lxastcb slracs plklcs lbtrl  b`s`tr`s.
mud` guhm`s pr`dklgcs. Flspuás fl t`f`, °quá p`frçc hcuscr ubc fasputc  slrac  lbtrl

344 348

f`s plrs`bcs lb su vafc ncgakacr0 °Lk pr`dklgc fl kc lfu Xló`rc  Tcdab:  B` tlblg`s
tlblg`s lb cds`kut` pr`dklgcs h`b lk
hchaøb fl k`s maj`s0 baó`. Cbtls
Cbtls s`kçcb pkcbtlcrsl ckiub`s pr`dklgcs.
pr`dklgcs. Galbtrcs k`s
 Ecnngc
 Ecn ngcb:
b: _`frçc slr. baó`s vavlb lb kc hcsc fl k`s dldás, kc gltcplklt b` sl prl`hu
Xló`r  Tcdab:  Lbt`bhls t`fcvçc b` kklicg`s
kklicg`s c ls`5 tlblg`s
tlblg`s pc p`r ch`stcr c k`s baó`s5 hcfc gcfrl sl `hupc p`r ch`stcr

søk` ub maj`
Xló`rc plquló`.
Tcdab:   Ls halrt`
halrt ` qul ctrcvlsá ub plra`f` fl hrasas   su pr`pa`
cgltcpl klt sl maj`.
gltcplklt Hucbf`
lbhcric sl vcb
fl ch`stcr k`s fl
ch`stcrk`s fl kc hcsc Lb
b`hml. fl k`s
rlkcdldás,
rlkchaøb kc
haøb h`b
hucbf` bchaø lk hmah`. B` gl iustcdc qul vavalsl lb kc hcsc ls` sunrag`s guhm`. Bulstr` maj` lstcdc rlckglbtl dalb flscrr`
fl k`s baó`s. B` gl iustcdc qul fl b`hml lstuvalsl klj`s fl kkcf`, y nul lk praglr` fl k`s dldás lb rlchha`bcr cbtl lk mlhm`
ga, dcj` lk huafcf` fl kc gltcplklt
gltcplklt (ubc huafcf`rc fl baó
baó`s
`s fl qul gl adc furcbtl lk fçc, y lk praglr` lb kk`rcr hucbf`
lfuhcfc pcrc rlckazcr lsl trcdcj`). Ba saqualrc lstcdc sctasnl su gcfrl sl adc fl b`hml. Furcbtl slas glsls lbtlr`s b`s
hmc h`b kc gltcplklt qul tlbçc. _lr` sá qul vav` lb ub eaddutz slbtcg`s lb su hcgc furcbtl cpr`xagcfcglbtl ubc m`rc hcfc
y høg` ls kc vafc cqua. B` tlbi` `phaøb. Cpcrtl fl lst`, lb b`hml mcstc qul sl f`rgçc. V`f`s
V`f`s k`s `tr`s baó`s
baó`s lrcb
lrc b guhm`
rlckafcf, b` tlbi` lb rlckafcf p`r quá quljcrgl. Lb kc hcsc gãs trcbquak`s. Ckiubcs plrs`bcs b`s rlpr`hmcdcb y flhçcb
fl k`s baó`s mchlb k` gãxag` pcrc k`s baó`s. Lbtrl b`s`tr`s qul lk fçc lb qul lgplzø c pkcbtlcr pr`dklgcs fl b`hml
b` talbl slbtaf` mchlr pr`dklgcs p`rqul lk baó` b` sl qulfc b` mudaáslg`s fldaf` mchlrkl h`bhlsa`bls, sab` qul mudaásl
g`s fldaf` fljcrk` kk`rcr l arb`s. _lr` b` lstcdc faspulstc  c
fl b`hml h`bgai`. Xa furgalsl h`b b`s`tr`s lb kc hcsc, b`s`tr`s
fljcr qul ga maj` kk`rcsl furcbtl ubc m`rc cbtls fl f`rgarsl.
tcgdaáb f`rgarçcg`s, galbtrcs qul lb kc hcsc fl k`s baó`s
Suazã sa gl mudalsl h`btr`kcf` y k` mudalsl fljcf` kk`rcr
salgprl mcy ckiualb flspalrt` fl b`hml, hlrhc suy`. Kc gltc
furcbtl f`s ` trls m`rcs, tcgdaáb k` mcdrçc suplrcf`. _lr`
plklt `yl t`f`s k`s ruaf`s, k`s lst`rbuf`s. Lbt`bhls, lb rlcka
b`s slbtcg`s ck kcf` suy` fl n`rgc tck qul pufalsl f`rgarsl
fcf, lk baó` b` lstã s`k` plr` fl t`fcs n`rgcs salbt` h`g`
rlkcjcf` y trcbquak`, galbtrcs y` plrfçc ga pr`pac hckgc. Q`
sa lstuvalsl s`k` fl b`hml. lrc rlsp`bscdkl pcrc kc fastraduhaøb fl trcdcj`s lb lk eaddutz
 Ecnngc
 Ecn ngcb:
b:  Bulvcglb
Bulvcglbtl,
tl, kc kuhmc lbtrl slbtagalbt`
slbtagalbt` y rczøb. y b` tlbçc pchalbhac pcrc kc tcrlc. Lbt`bhls, t`fcs kcs b`hmls
Xló`rc  Tcdab:  Ls halrt`. Lbt`bhls h`bsaflr` qul hucbf` Gajclk sl slbtcdc h`b lk dldá. Lbt`bhls, hucbf` ák maz` su
tlbic ub bulv`
bulv` dldá, quazã gl ch`stugdrcrá. Xab fufc, hucb
hucb slrvaha` gakatcr fl rlslrvc lb lk ljárhat`, ga mlrgcbc chufaø
f` lk baó` vcyc ck jcrfçb fl abncbtls y c kc lshulkc tcgdaáb c cyufcrgl p`rqul y` slbt c qul slbtcrgl h`b lk baó` salbf`
sl pkcbtlcrãb `tr`s pr`dklgcs. _lr` fldaf` c qul vav` lb lk ub gcb`j` fl blrva`s b` slrvarçc pcrc trcbquakazcrk`. Gl slb
eaddutz p`rqul k` ml lkliaf`, b` p`r blhlsafcf, chlpt` lstcs tçc guy tlbsc p`r ga trcdcj`, cpurcfc p`r h`bhkuar gas tcrlcs,
h`scs. y søk` k` mcdrçc fcócf`. Lbt`bhls, mcstc qul Gajclk rlt`rbø
 Ecnngc
 Ecn ngcb:
b:  Lbt`bhls
Lbt`bhls lk baó` b` pkcbtlø
pkcbtlø babiúb
babiúb bulv`
bulv` pr` flk ljárhat` gl `hupá flk baó` søk` pcrhackglbtl, cyufcfc
dklgc lbtrl ustlfls. _lr`, fl t`fcs n`rgcs, lk bchagalbt` fl lb pcrtl p`r ga pcfrl y ga mlrgcbc. _lr` hucbf` Gajclk ls
ub baó` fldl mcdlr cnlhtcf` su vafc ncgakacr. tcdc lb hcsc, ástc lrc su tcrlc5 h`bgai`, lk baó` blhlsatcdc
Xló`r  Tcdab:  Flspuás flk bchagalbt` flk baó`, mud` cki` ubc m`rc pcrc f`rgarsl, y h`b Gajclk søk` vlabtl gabut`s.
gabut`s.
cfaha`bck qul sl ubaø c kc ncgakac5 y sa ls ub baó` cf`rcdkl, H`bgai`, s`kçc juicr y slr rlv`kt`s`5 sl cpr`vlhmcdc fl ga.
h`g` lk bulstr`, huy`s pr`irls`s s`b lxhlklbtls, lbt`bhls p`r
supulst` ls` b`s fc guhm` pcrc hcfc ub` fl b`s`tr`s. Xló`r Tcdab
 Tcdab:: Flsfl lk fçc lb qul sl gufø
gufø c kkc
c hcsc
hc sc fl
fl ba-

346 34<

ó`s gcy`rls y kc gltcplklt csugaø kc rlsp`bscdakafcf fl ch`s Xló`rc Tcdab: Lk pr`dklgc prabhapck ls qul Jlruscklg lstã
tcrk`, t`f`s k`s pr`dklgcs qulfcr`b suplrcf`s. Lk vc h`b kc tcb klj`s, y ga pr`ircgc abhkuyl lstufa`s tcgdaáb k`s valr
gltcplklt, fahl "mcstc kuli` gcga, mcstc kuli` pcpa". B` bl bls y fl b`hml tcrfl t`fc kc slgcbc. Lb lk eaddutz, bubhc
hlsatc bcfc ba c bcfal. mc `hurraf` cbtls qul kc gcfrl fl ub baó` plquló` fldalrc
Xló`rc Tcdab:  Lk hcgda` nul tcb frãstah` y s`rprlbflbtl, fljcrk` lk sãdcf` fl gcócbc y rlirlscr lk valrbls fl tcrfl
flsfl lk praglr fçc lb qul k` kklvcg`s fl vulktc c kc b`hml gcb::  G
 Ecnngcb
 Ecnn Gll prliubt` høg` kklicr`b c lsc flhasaøb, gl
c su bulvc hcsc5 sl slbtø lb kc glsc h`b kc gltcplklt, garø rlnalr` c qul Lstmlr pcrtalsl y lstufacsl furcbtl ub có`.
ub kadr` fl naiurcs, y ls` nul t`f`. Ba "gcga" ba "pcpa" ba   Tcdab:  B` sá sa sl k` pulfl h`bsaflrcr
Xló`r  Tcdab: h`bsafl rcr h`g` ub pr`
bcfc. Q` tlbçc ub agpuks` bcturck c flscpcrlhlr lb lk g` dklgc, pcrc cgd`s lrc `dva` qul Lstmlr fldçc lstufacr. Lk
glbt` lb qul ák fcdc vulktc su hcdlzc, plr`, p`r supulst`, úbah` pr`dklgc lrc sa y` p`fçc `hupcrgl flk baó` y lstcr
b` k` mci`. K` kkcg`, y kl fai`, "mcstc kuli`, gcgã sl vc". t`tckglbtl kadrl pcrc pcscr kcs m`rcs h`b ák. Xa lst` lrc p`
Lk baó` scdl qul gl lst`y ylbf`5 gl vl argl, y b` mcy sadkl, lbt`bhls b` mcdrçc pr`dklgcs. _`sp`blr k`s lstufa`s
pr`dklgc. mcstc qul lk baó` hrlhalsl mudalsl saibanahcf` lsplrcr guhm`s
Ecnngcb:  Xab fufc, palbs` qul ástc ls kc glj`r gcblrc có`s, p`rqul pr`dcdklglbtl tlbfrlg`s kuli` gãs maj`s. Lb
pcrc ch`stugdrcr ck baó`, b` flscpcrlhalbf` rlplbtabcglbtl, t`bhls, ls glj`r pcrc lkkc arsl hucbf` talbl ub s`k` maj`, glj`r
p`rqul lb lsl hcs` su sliurafcf sl vl cnlhtcfc, plr` kc gc qul f`s. _albs` qul lrc k` glj`r.
blrc lb qul ustlfls chtucdcb, "abgubazcbf`" ck baó` h`btrc Xló`rc Tcdab:  Suazãs mudalsl p`faf` p`stlricr gas lstufa`s
kc pcrtafc lb n`rgc ircfuck y bcturck. _albs`, sa k`s h`gprlb f`s có`s gãs, mcstc qul lk baó` tuvalsl huctr` ` habh` có`s.
fç h`rrlhtcglbtl qul su huafcf` h`gúb flk baó` hrlø ub Suazãs mcycg`s h`gltaf` ub lrr`r lb rlkchaøb h`b lst`, plr`
tlgc cfaha`bck chlrhc flk huck ustlfls p`fçcb mcdkcr5 b` b` b`s crrlplbtag`s.
pr`v`hø fanlrlbhacs ` fasputcs sab` p`r lk h`btrcra`...  Ecnngc
 Ecnngcb: b: Gl pcrlhl plrnlhtcglbtl kliçtag` qul ub` qualrc
Xló`rc Tcdab: B`, b` mcy h`bnkaht`s chlrhc flk baó`, Abhkus` rlckazcrsl plrs`bckglbtl y qul kuhml p`r lkk`, lsplhackglbtl
hucbf` bchaø, k` mcdçcg`s pkcbanahcf` y b`s mcdçcg`s pulst` hucbf` ustlf h`bnac lb Gajclk pcrc rlckazcr lk trcdcj` fl cg
fl chulrf` lbtrl b`s`tr`s. Q` qulrçc sckar y lstufacr5 lspl d`s pcfrls, plsl c kcs fanahuktcfls.
rcdc ubc rlspulstc fl kc \bavlrsafcf5 y h`g` b` gl nua, Xló`rc Tcdab: Xab fufc. Vcgdaáb nul fançhak pcrc ga hucb
lrc lvaflbtl qul b` tlbçcg`s bcfc qul lsplrcr pcrc tlblr f` ák lstcdc lb lk ljárhat`. Nul fançhak lbnrlbtcr kc rlchhaøb
ub dldá. Cm`rc v`y c kc \bavlrsafcf lb Jlruscklg ub có` flk baó`. _lr` sl fldl flhafar qul ls k` h`bvlbalbtl. Flspuás
lbtlr`, y flj` c Gajclk s`k` pcrc qul slc ck gasg` talgp` fl t`f` b` sl fljc s`k` ck baó`5 sl qulfc h`b su pcfrl.
lk pcfrl y kc gcfrl furcbtl slas fçcs p`r slgcbc.  Ecnngc
 Ecnngcb: b:  ^l` qul kcs flhasa`bls s`drl sus pr`dklgcs h`
Ecnngcb:  H`b t`tck h`bnacbzc. gubls kcs t`gcb saiualbf` h`bsaflrcha`bls hkcrcs y rcz`bc
Xló`rc  Tcdab: Xa, sab fufc. Hulstc ub p`h`, plr`... dkls, fl chulrf` h`b kc rlikc fl qul ck nabck kklicb c ub
Xló`r Tcdab: Xlrã fançhak. Cm`rc vl` høg` rlchha`bc lk baó` chulrf`, y lb k`s pr`dklgcs h`btr`vlrtaf`s kc rczøb ilblrck
hucbf` pcrt` ck ljárhat`5 lbt`bhls lst`y sliur` qul slrã gu glbtl suplrc c kc lg`haøb.
hm` gãs fur` hucbf` su gcfrl pcrtc furcbtl ub có` lbtlr`. Xló`rc Tcdab: Lb t`fcs kcs `hcsa`bls lb qul lgpalz` ubc
_lr` palbs` qul k` suplrcrlg`s. h`btr`vlrsac fl lsl \p`, salgprl palbs` qul, lb rlckafcf, s`y

34> 349

y` kc hukpcdkl, fldaf` c qul gl qulj` flgcsacf`. Hucbf` Xló`rc Tcdab: Gl iustc slr tu slhrltcrac, plr` b` søk` ubc
h`bsaflr` kcs h`scs lb n`rgc agpcrhack, lbt`bhls gl h`bvlbz` slhrltcrac. Gl iustc cprlbflr lk trcdcj`.
fl qul b` lxastl babiubc rlkchaøb lbtrl gas chuscha`bls y k`s Xló`r Tcdab: Lkkc ls tcgdaáb ub cgc fl hcsc h`b guhmcs
mlhm`s. huckafcfls p`h` h`gubls lb ub cgc fl hcsc. _`r ljlgpk`,
gcb::  Xa k` lbtlbfç dalb, ustlf faj` qul su blhlsafcf
 Ecnngcb
 Ecnn scdl hkcvcr hkcv`s lb kc pcrlf, mchlr ciujlr`s, y h`scs p`r
fl plklcr y fl quljcrsl b` lstã tcb rlkcha`bcfc h`b k` qul ák lk lstak`.
mchl ` fljc fl mchlr. Xló`rc  Tcdab:  B` lstã dalb qul k` faic y`, plr` pulf`
Xló`rc Tcdab: Ls halrt`. Guy c glbuf` gas lstckkaf`s h`b crrlikãrglkcs s`kc hucbf` mchl ncktc.
trc Gajclk surilb p`r h`scs t`tckglbtl flsh`blhtcfcs, abnkulb gcb::  Dalb. Vlbi` kc agprlsaøb fl qul c k` kcri` fl
 Ecnngcb
 Ecnn
hac lxtlra`r, ga rlchhaøb cbtl t`f` tap` fl h`scs. k`s có`s ustlfls glj`rcr`b kc n`rgc fl h`gubahchaøb lbtrl
Xló`r Tcdab:  Lb ckiub`s hcs`s, tl lb`jcs h`b ckiualb p`r ustlfls.
pr`dklgcs fl trcdcj`, y flspuás lxpk`tcs lb hcsc. Lb ls`s Xló`rc Tcdab:  Gl pcrlhl qul ls csç. _`r ljlgpk`, lsl csubt`
hcs`s b` lstãs rlckglbtl lb`jcfc h`bgai`, plr` flshcrics tu fl k`s saklbha`s fl Gajclk b` pr`v`hø fashusa`bls flsfl mchl
lb`j` s`drl gç. ckiub`s có`s.
Xló`rc Tcdab: °_`rqul b` tlbi` c bcfal gãs0 Xló`r  Tcdab:  B` tlblg`s pr`dklgcs fl h`gubahchaøb lb
Xló`r  Tcdab: Fl lsl g`f` tl flshcrics fl tu lb`j` y ástl cds`kutcglbtl babiúb tlgc.
sl pcsc. _`frçcg`s flhar qul lb rlkchaøb h`b lkk` s`y ubc Xló`rc Tcdab:  _albs` qul p`flg`s
p`flg`s mcdkcr fl huckqualr tlgc
cyufc. _lr` lb ckiub`s hcs`s, dulb`, lb ckiub`s hcs`s rlhad` sab fanahuktcfls.
ub ctcqul nr`btck farlht`. Hcfc tcbt` lxastlb plqulócs lrup Xló`r Tcdab: C gç gl pcrlhl k` gasg`.
ha`bls fl lsl tap`, plr` mlg`s cprlbfaf` c b` iucrfcrb`s Xló`rc  Tcdab:  Mud` ub plra`f` hucbf` b` lrc csç, plr`
rlbh`r y lst` valbl y sl vc, y t`f` pcsc. flsfl mchl ckiub`s có`s b` mcy pr`dklgcs.
Xló`rc Tcdab:  Lb k`s praglr`s có`s sl pkcbtlcdcb guhm`s  Ecnn gcb::  °Vcgdaáb lb k`s tlgcs slxuckls talblb ubc dulbc
 Ecnngcb
pr`dklgcs chlrhc fl lsl tlgc. Q` s`kçc flhar: "Iucrfcs guhm` h`gprlbsaøb0
pcrc ta y lbt`bhls b` sá quá `hurrl cflbtr` tuy`". Cm`rc ls` Xló`rc Tcdab:  Xa, sab fufc, ástl ls ub` fl k`s tlgcs gãs
b` pkcbtlc pr`dklgcs. Cm`rc b` blhlsat` qul ák gl faic k` agp`rtcbtls. Lb rlkchaøb h`b lst` k`s pr`dklgcs lxastalr`b
qul salbtl. mchl guhm` talgp`, hucbf` árcg`s guy jøvlbls, plr` lstcdcb
Xló`r Tcdab: Xa, y` tcgdaáb salbt` qul hcfc ub` fl b`s`tr`s fltlrgabcf`s b` p`r kcs rlkcha`bls lbtrl b`s`tr`s sab` p`r kcs
h`b`hl glj`r ck `tr`, y qul lstãs gãs faspulstc c h`btlgp`razcr. rlkcha`bls lbtrl b`s`tr`s y lk "púdkah`".
Lstmlr... Xló`r Tcdab: Lstãdcg`s dcj` kc vaiakcbhac y lk h`btr`k h`bs
Xló`rc Tcdab: Ls` gl iustcrçc `ark` fl bulv`. tcbtl fl bulstr` irup` y fl plrs`bcs ‖gclstr`s y pcralbtls‖
Xló`r Tcdab:  Lstmlr tcgdaáb gl cyufc lb kcs h`scs h`b qul b`s prlsa`bcdc pcrc qul lsplrãslg`s.
hrltcs. Hcfc vlz salbt` qul mcy gcy`r h``plrchaøb lbtrl Xló`rc Tcdab: Lbt`bhls lsl gcrh` b`s hrlø guhmcs tlbsa`
b`s`tr`s. _`r ljlgpk`, y` tlbçc ub trcdcj` lb lk eaddutz y ub bls, qul b`s cnlhtcr`b c k`s f`s, plr` cm`rc ls` b` talbl ag
fçc gl nua y lbt`bhls Lstmlr maz` guhmcs tcrlcs pcrc ga. p`rtcbhac. B` cnlhtø lk flscrr`kk` fl rlkcha`bls crg`ba`scs y
Lkkc gl cyufc guy c glbuf`. cjustls gutu`s lb kcs hulsta`bls slxuckls.

34= 341

 Ecnngcb:
 Ecnngc b: \stlfls fahlb qul sus ncgakacs rlsplhtavcs, ubc lb sulkt` h`b lkk`s, plr` lb lsc áp`hc kcs rlkcha`bls lrcb fanl
Gccick y kc `trc lb Tlilv, abtlbtcr`b abnkuar s`drl ustlfls. rlbtls lb lsl slbtaf`, fldaf` c qul y` tcgp`h` t`gcdc bab
Suazã slc h`bvlbalbtl qul mcdklb cm`rc ub p`h` fl sus nc iubc abahactavc pcrc chlrhcrgl c lkk`s. Aib`rcdcb ircb pcrtl
gakacs. Mcb fahm` guhmcs h`scs s`drl kc abnkulbhac flk irup`, fl gas pr`dklgcs. Xckv` h`bvlrscha`bls, tlbçcg`s t`f` lk
fl kc s`halfcf, fl kc `pabaøb púdkahc y, mcstc lk g`glbt`, lstl rlst`: juli`s, juiultls, c vlhls çdcg`s c kc haufcf c vlr
tlgc fl sus ncgakacs b` mc suriaf`. °Valbl ckiúb saibanahcf` plkçhukcs ` kuicrls.
kc ncgakac lb lk eaddutz0  Ecnngc
 Ecn ngcb:
b: Cpcrlbtlglbtl, lsl lrc lk úbah` g`f` qul h`b`
Xló`rc Tcdab: Xç, dcstcbtl h`bsaflrcdkl. _lr` gl iustcrçc hçcb pcrc lxprlscr su cg`r.
qul Gajclk lgplzcsl h`b su ncgakac. _crc gç slrã gãs nãhak csç. Xló`r  Tcdab:  V`fcvçc cm`rc b`s saiulb gcbfcbf` rliukcr
Xló`r Tcdab: Lb rlckafcf, gas pcfrls b` h`btraduylr`b gu glbtl t`rtcs y pkct`s lsplhackls, plr` b` lxastl tcgp`h` bab
hm` c kcs rlkcha`bls lbtrl y` y Lstmlr. Suazã nul sagpklglbtl iubc p`sadakafcf fl mcdkcr fl pr`dklgcs plrs`bckls. _`r `trc
qul ck slbtar sus `djlha`bls gl slbtç gãs hlrhc fl lkkc. Gas pc pcrtl, kc h`gubahchaøb h`b gas mlrgcb`s ls dulbc.
frls trctcr`b salgprl fl `huktcr sus `djlha`bls, plr` lrc dcstcbtl  Ecnn gcb::  Suazãs ástc nul ubc fl kcs rcz`bls p`r kc qul
 Ecnngcb
hkcr`. Lbtrl y` y gas pcfrls b` mcdçc hmcrkcs cdalrtcs s`drl sl sabtaø ctrcçf` p`r Lstmlr. H`b lkkc y h`b sus pcfrls ustlf
cgastcf
fl h`scs`lg`ha`bckls.
cg`r. Bubhc Lblshuhmá c gas pcfrls
lsl slbtaf`, mcdkcr lbtrl
kcs rlkcha`bls lbtrllkk`s
y` va`
sus lxchtcglbtl
pcfrls. k` qul sabtaø qul kl ncktcdc lb rlkchaøb h`b
y gas pcfrls lrcb guy fastcbtls. _`r `trc pcrtl, sl prl`hupc Xló`rc Tcdab:  B`, kc praglrc abahactavc lbtrl b`s`tr`s nul
r`b guhm` p`r fcrgl c gç y c gas mlrgcb`s t`f` k` gctlrack, gçc.
pcrc qul tuvaáslg`s h`gafc lsplhack y lk gcy`r h`bn`rt lb  Ecnng
 Ecn ngcb:
cb: °Tlckglbtl0
 °Tlckglbtl0
bulstrc mcdatchaøb. _lr` b` mcdçc h`bvlrscha`bls kadrls ba Xló`rc Tcdab: Xç, sab fufc. _lr` lrc ub plquló` fltckkl, gl
rlkcha`bls çbtagcs lbtrl b`s`tr`s. pcrlhl. _albs` qul kc hcusc fl k`s pr`dklgcs lbtrl pcfrls
 Ecnngc
 Ecn b: °_`r quá kl pcrlhl qul lrc csç0
ngcb: l maj`s s`b kcs fanlrlbhacs fl bavlk abtlklhtuck. _albs` qul ls
Xló`r Tcdab: _albs` qul lb sus hcscs fldl mcdlr `hurraf` kc hcusc nubfcglbtck fl k`s pr`dlkgcs ncgakacrls. Lk bavlk
k` gasgc Q c vlhls s`kçcb mcdkcrb`s fl kc áp`hc abglfactc abtlklhtuck b` ls sunahalbtl. Vu pcfrl talbl ub bavlk ub p`h`
glbtl p`stlra`r c kc nubfchaøb flk eaddutz ‖y` lrc ub baó` gãs ckt`, plr` tu gcfrl ls søk` ubc "gcfrl jufçc" y bcfc
lbt`bhls‖, hucbf` sl h`bsaflrcdc h`g` `dva` qul t`f`s k`s gãs. Ls fançhak fl lbtlbflr, plr` sa h`gpcr` tu gcfrl h`b kc
pr`dklgcs fl k`s baó`s ` fl k`s cf`klshlbtls fldlrçcb slr gçc, ga gcfrl tlrgabø kc \bavlrsafcf lb _`k`bac, saiuaø ls
lbhcrcf`s søk` lb lk gcrh` lfuhcha`bck. _lr` t`f` lkk` lrc tufacbf` lb kc \bavlrsafcf cqua lb Asrclk, y t`fc su vafc
csç cbtls5 lb lk abtlrvck` kc chtatuf hcgdaø, y cm`rc bcfal trctc lstuv` lbslócbf` y lstufacbf`. H`g` ls `dva`, ls guhm` gãs
fl hulsta`bcr lk flrlhm` fl k`s pcfrls c mcdkcr h`b k`s baó`s lfuhcfc, h`gpr`gltafc h`b kcs h`scs: talbl `p`rtubafcf fl
chlrhc fl sus pr`dklgcs ` c g`strcr abtlrás lb lkk`s. _lr` h`b`hlr ilbtl. Gas pcfrls s`b gãs gubfcb`s. X`b guhm` gãs
`dslrv` qul bcfc hcgdaø lb kc rlkchaøb lbtrl gas pcfrls y gas rlhlptav`s5 kllb guhm` gãs, h`b`hlb h`scs. Vus pcfrls vavlb
mlrgcb`s glb`rls. B` talbl bcfc qul vlr h`b lk sastlgc. su vafc flbtr` fl huctr` pcrlfls. Lb lsl slbtaf` tu pcfrl
Cpcrlbtlglbtl salbtlb fanahuktcfls pcrc chlrhcrsl. Cm`rc lb ls guhm` gãs cdalrt`, plr` tu gcfrl ls fl guy dulb h`rc
hcr` lst`s pr`dklgcs, lb n`rgc fanlrlbtl. X`y guhm` gãs zøb. Ls tcb cgcdkl qul, c vlhls, ls fançhak fl s`p`rtcr. K`

38? 383

blhlsafcf fl gltlr salgprl c ckiualb flbtr` fl gas pr`dkl


r`flc c ub` h`b raqulzc gctlrack y hck`r cnlhtav`, plr` b` ls
sunahalbtl. gcs. _lr` ga mlrgcbc y y` lstcg`s guy kaicfcs. Bulstrcs
rlkcha`bls s`b cdalrtcs y kadrls.
Ecnngcb:  \stlf kl fc guhm
guhmcc gãs agp`rtcbhac
agp`rtcbhac qul Gajc
Gajclk
lk Ecnngcb:  K` vl` sab lgdcri` h`g` sa sus rlkcha`bls h`b
c kcs tlgcs hukturckls, c k`s abtlrlsls hukturckls, galbtrcs ák
rlchha`bc cbtl f`s h`scs: kcglbtc guhm` kc p`drlzc hukturck sus h`b
bls rlsplhtavcs ncgakacs nulslb nubfcglbtckglbtl sus rlkcha`
sus mlrgcb`s.
fl sus pcfrls, plr`, cflgãs, salbtl qul lxastl ubc halrtc fa
nahuktcf lb kc h`gubahchaøb. Xló`r  Tcdab:  _lr` ck gasg` talgp` tcgdaáb tlblg`s rlkc
Xló`rc Tcdab:  Kcs f`s h`scs sl suplrp`blb. H`b`zh` gu ha`bls rliukcrls dulbcs h`b cgdcs ncgakacs.
hmcs ncgakacs lb kcs qul lk bavlk hukturck b` ls ckt` plr` lk Xló`rc Tcdab:  Kcs rlkcha`bls s`b dulbcs, plr` bcfal ab
h`btcht` lg`ha`bck ls guy pr`nubf` l abtlbs`. Ls halrt`. _lr` tlrnalrl lb k`s csubt`s flk `tr`. Lb rlckafcf, palbs` qul y`
lstl csplht` fl kcs fanlrlbhacs fl bavlk gl pcrlhl gãs ag abtlrnalr` lb kcs rlkcha`bls fl gas pcfrls gãs qul lkk`s lb kcs
p`rtcbtl qul lk pr`dklgc fl kc lfuhchaøb h`klhtavc lb lk gçcs. Gãs fl ubc vlz abtlrnlrç lb sus fashusa`bls. Dulb`, p`r
eaddutz, lb lk qul k`s pcfrls y k`s maj`s vavlb lb hcscs sl supulst`, lkk`s fashutlb flkcbtl fl gç, lbt`bhls ls h`gprlb
pcrcfcs. Ga gcfrl tcgdaáb lfuhø csç c sus maj`s. Vuv` c ga sadkl. Ga mlrgcbc y y` b`s gltlg`s c glbuf` lb kcs fas
mlrgcbc gcy`r `hm` có`s cbtls fl qul bchalsl Gajclk. Lk ls husa`bls fl bulstr`s pcfrls, abhkus` t`gcg`s pcrtaf`. _albs`
lk maj` gcy`r lb su ncgakac. Q` tlbi` ubc mlrgcbc qul talbl qul ls cki` guy bcturck.
trlabtc y huctr` có`s y ga gcfrl kc lfuhø dcj` h`bfaha`bls Ecnngcb:  °Q lst` ls gãs ` glb`s rliukcrglbtl0 ^l` qul
guhm` gãs lstrahtcs lb t`f` k` qul talbl qul vlr h`b qul lxastl lb halrt` g`f` ub g`flk` naj` lb su g`f` fl chtucr
k`s pcfrls kl lbhcriulb kc tcrlc fl huafcr y lfuhcr c k`s gutu`. Fçicbgl lb lk hcs` fl kcs ncgakacs fl ustlfls, °lxastlb
.kaó`s c ubc'gltcplklt _lr` plsl c ls` hrlhag`s lb n`rgc g`flk`s naj`s0
fastabtc y kc h`gubahchaøb lbtrl y` y ga mlrgcbc y lbtrl Xló`rc Tcdab: H`b tu ncgakac, Gajclk, b` hrl` qul mcyc lb
gas pcfrls ls guy fanlrlbtl lb h`gpcrchaøb h`b kc ncgakac cds`kut` rlspulstcs rliukcrls, plr` h`b b`s`tr`s sç mcy. Kc
fl Gajclk. Lb bulstr` hcs`, k`s lbhulbtr`s fl kc ncgakac s`b satuchaøb ls flscircfcdkl fldaf` c qul ga mlrgcbc y y`
guhm` gãs abtlklhtuckls5 s`b sagpklglbtl guhm` gãs abtlrl t`gcg`s guhm` gãs c glbuf` pcrtaf` p`r bulstr` pcfrl
scbtls, plr` b` lxastl babiúb h`btcht` mugcb` lxprlscf` lb qul p`r bulstrc gcfrl. Abhkus` hucbf` talbl rczøb b` kc cp`
h`bvlrscha`bls h`rczøb c h`rczøb. B` slbtçc babiúb agpuks` ycg`s.
fl nrlbtlH`b rczøbh`btrc
ubaf` ` sablkkc.
lkkc _albs`
sl mc h`bvlrtaf` lb ubc bulstr`
qul sagpklglbtl lsplhal
c mcdkcr h`b gas pcfrls chlrhc fl tlgcs çbtag`s. Suazãs lkk`
sl fldl c ubc halrtc n`rgc fl lfuhchaøb. B` sá quaáb talbl pcfrl b`s lbtalbfl glj`r, plr` lstcs h`scs s`b guhm` gãs
kc hukpc fl lst`, plr` ls csç." Suazã kc lxpkahchaøb ls qul y` lg`ha`bckls qul rcha`bckls. Kcs rlkcha`bls sl flscrr`kkcr`b
tlbçc ubc mlrgcbc gcy`r qul rllgpkczcdc c ga gcfrl lb csa furcbtl có`s. C vlhls, tlbi` pklbc h`bhalbhac fl qul ga
guhm`s csplht`s. Vlbi` ubc h`gubahchaøb lxhlklbtl h`b ga gcfrl talbl rczøb y, sab lgdcri`, cp`y` ck `tr` hcgp`.
mlrgcbc. Ecnngcb:  \stlf pr`dcdklglbtl lxpkahc fl ckiúb g`f` lstc
Ecnngcb:  °Abhkuylbf` kc p`sadakafcf fl fashutar k`s tlgcs satuchaøb.
çbtag`s qul ustlf b` t`hc h`b sus pcfrls0 Xló`rc Tcdab:  Ga pcfrl salgprl mc saf` lk galgdr` nulrtl
Xló`rc Tcdab:  B` t`f`, søk` lb pcrtl. B` salbt` babiubc fl kc ncgakac. Xalgprl flslgplóø lk pcplk flk jlnl. B` rl-

384 388

hulrf` guhm` kcs rlkcha`bls lbtrl ga pcfrl y y` hucbf` lrc su trcbquakafcf, su hckgc. Lkkc salgprl lstã fl dulb mug`r
guy plqulóc. Vlbi` gãs rlhulrf`s fl gas có`s rlhalbtls. y s`bralbf`.
Lb gas h`scs, p`r k` ilblrck, gl vulkh` gãs mchac ga pcfrl  Ecnngc
 Ecn ngcb:
b: Ls` ls abtlrlscbtl.
a btlrlscbtl. Hcfc ub` fl ustlfls
ustlfls mc trc
trcçf`
çf`
qul mchac ga gcfrl. _`r ljlgpk`, gl rlsuktc nãhak fljcr c ga c su ncgakac h`gúb c ub` fl sus pcfrls, `, gãs dalb, c k`s
maj` h`b ák, b` p`rqul tlbic glb`s h`bnacbzc lb ga gcfrl, rcsi`s fl ub` fl sus pcfrls. Lstmlr trcj` c su pcfrl y ustlf
p`r Fa`s, plr` gl pcrlhl qul pcpã sl kklvc glj`r h`b lk c su gcfrl.
baó` qul gcgã. Dulb`, lst` tcgdaáb p`frçc slr prljuaha`s`. Xló`r  Tcdab:  Xa, mcy cki` lb k` qul ustlf
ustlf fahl.
 Ecnngc
 Ecn ngcb: b:  Xa k` lbtalbf` dalb, kc n`rgc lb qul nubha`bc su  Ecnngc
 Ecn ngcb:b:  Lb halrt`
halrt` g`f` kcs h`scs sl rlpatlb, lb ubc lfa-
ncgakac, qualr` flhar ustlf lb rlkchaøb h`b Gajclk, ls guy haøb bulvc y h`rrliafc. B`s lstcg`s chlrhcbf` ck nabck fl kc
fanlrlbtl,
fanlrlb tl, quazãs abhkus` t`f` k` h`btrcra`,
h`btrcra `, flk g`f`
g`f` lb qul lbtrlvastc. Dulb`, pcrc rlsugar sus có`s fl rlkchaøb, sl pulfl
su gcfrl chtuø lb rlkchaøb h`b su pcfrl. flhar qul...
Xló`rc Tcdab: Ls` ls halrt`. Xló`rc Tcdab: _`r ga pcrtl, hrl` qul b` mudalsl p`faf` slr
Xló`r T`dçb:  Gl pcrlhl qul su pcfrl talbl ub lspçratu lspçratu gãs glj`r fl k` qul nul furcbtl lst`s có`s, p`rqul k` tlbi` t`f`:
 juvlb
vlbak
ak,, lbt`
lbt`bbhls
hls ls gãs
gãs nãhak
nãhak rlkc
rlkcha
ha`b
`bcr
crsl
sl hh`b
`b ák.
ák. Lk hcrã
hcrãhtl
htlrr lb rlckafcf, b` blhlsat` gãs qul lst`. Ls halrt` qul c vlhls
salbt` hlk`s hucbf` vasat` c ga mlrgcbc
mlrgcbc lb lk eaddutz Icbag.
Icbag.
fl Lstmlr, hrl`,
flk-mug`r ls gãs
tcgdaáb pcrlhaf` ck
ls pcrlhaf`. Kcflagpuksavafcf
su pcfrl, y fl
lk slbtaf`
Lstmlr ^l` c ub` fl sus vlhab`s ckkç, y ák ls ub gcraf` aflck, ub
tcgdaáb kl valbl fl su pcfrl. Kc gcfrl ls fastabtc. gcraf` plrnlht`. °Suá qualr` flhar0 Kc gujlr talbl ub kãtai`
lb su gcb`. _`r ljlgpk`,
ljlgpk`, lkkc fah
fahl:
l: "M`y
"M`y ls julvls y vcg`s
Xló`rc  Tcdab: Q fl t`fc kc ncgakac, kc plrs`bc qul trctc
glj`r c gcgã ls Gajclk. Ls pchalbtl h`b lkkc, salgprl fas c kagpacr kc hcsc c n`bf`". Lkkc b` sl prl`hupc sa ák lstã hcb
pulst` c lshuhmcr. scf` ` b`. Lk k` chlptc sab fashutar y, cpcrlbtlglbtl, sab
rlslbtagalbt`s. Lbt`bhls lgpalzc c schcr kcs h`rtabcs fl kcs
Xló`r T`dtb: Kcs f`s majcs quazã s`b guy p`h` t`klrcbtls vlbtcbcs, c nrlicr kc hcsc. _crlhlb nlkahls, kklvcb ubc dulbc
h`b su gcfrl. Lstmlr yc faj` qul b` ls ub pr`dklgc fl tlblr vafc. _lr` y` lst`y sctasnlhmc h`b k` qul tlbi`, b` hrl` qul
` b` rczøb. B` h`bsaflrcb hcfc satuchaøb p`r sa gasgc5 lb slrçc nlkaz sa tuvalsl ub gcraf` tcb `dlfalbtl. _lr` fl t`f`s
hcgda`, lxastl ubc chtatuf prlnajcfc fl qul gcgã ls csç y
g`f`s salbt` hlk`s hucbf` vl` c lstc gujlr y vl` t`f` k`
pcpã csã. B` gl circfc, p`rqul lb ga hcsc lst`y ch`stug
qul su gcraf` mc mlhm` p`r lkkc, galbtrcsgalbtrcs qqul
ul y` bubhc
bubhc
drcf` c ubc chtatuf fastabtc. Vrctcg`s c bulstr`s pcfrls lb
sá huãbf` Gajclk mcrã pcrc gç k` qul kl plfç qul mcic.
n`rgc cki` fanlrlbtl.
 Ecnngc
 Ecn ngcb:
b:  Lbt`bhls, °kl iustcrçc hcgdacr c Gajclk p`r lsl
 Ecnngc
 Ecn ngcb:
b: Cgd`s glbha`bcr`b
glbha`bcr`b kc ircb abtagafcf l aflbtana
gcraf` plrnlht`0 _lr` quazãs ustlf k` fahl søk` pcrc qul y`
hchaøb lbtrl Lstmlr y su pcfrl, qul fa` kuicr c lstl nrlbtl
ubaf`. _`r su pcrtl, Gajclk talbl ubc abnkulbhac g`flrcf`rc k` `aic.
lb kc rlkchaøb lbtrl Lstmlr y su gcfrl. Lk cyufc c su gcfrl. Xló`rc  Tcdab:  Gajclk k` scdl guy dalb. Najlsl, yc mcb pc
Q Gajclk fahl qul lb su ncgakac kc satuchaøb ls fanlrlbtl. °Suá scf` ckiub`s có`s. Vuvl gãs fl ubc `p`rtubafcf fl hcgdacr
`hurrl lb lsl hcs`0 k`, y b` quasl mchlrk`.
 Ecnngc
 Ecn ngcb:b: \stlf lstã hckkcf`, Gajclk. °Huãk ls su rlsuglb0
Xló`rc Tcdab: Hrl` qul Gajclk
Gajclk mlrlfø lb pcrtl kkcscs vartu
Xló`r Tcdab:  Lb lk eaddutz quazã sl palbsc
palbsc qul Lstmlr ls
fls fl su gcfrl. B` su rlslrvc h`btrc lk gubf`, plr` mlrlfø

386 38<

ubc gujlr cki` fançhak, plr` h`b t`f` lst` b` sá sa mcy cquç  Ecnngcb::  _crlhl guy sagpkl: kc h`gpklglbtcrafcf fl hc
 Ecnngcb
guhmcs ncgakacs glj`rls lb k` qul sl rlnalrl c rlkcha`bls plr rchtlrls lbtrl ub m`gdrl y ubc gujlr. °B` ls sunahalbtl0 Lb
s`bckls cdalrtcs. B` hrl` mcdlr h`b`haf` guhmcs hmahcs h`b t`bhls quazã p`frçcg`s utakazcr h`gputcf`rcs pcrc n`rgcr
kcs qul mudalsl p`faf` k`ircr ubc rlkchaøb csç. Suazã gl lqua kcs pcrljcs y kc vafc gctrag`back slrçc lstcdkl y crgøbahc.
v`qul, plr`
çbtagcs gl pcrlhl
` lrøtahcs, qul lsubcsç.kcz`
sab` s`drl B`plrgcblbtl
mcdk` s`drlflrlkcha`bls
cgastcf, Xló`rclklhhaøb
h`rrlhtc   Tcdab: flk
B`,h`gpcólr`
b` hrl` qul
b` lsslc cki` tcbFlspuás
sunahalbtl. sagpkl. mcy
Kc
kc p`sadakafcf fl mcdkcr lbtrl b`s`tr`s, kc chtatuf gutuc m` guhm` qul cprlbflr lb kc vafc gctrag`back. Kl fará, furcbtl
blstc, kc hckafcf fl kc h`bvlrschaøb y kc cnabafcf lg`ha`bck. bulstr`s có`s qul mlg`s pcscf` jubt`s mlg`s cprlbfaf` c
Hucbf` palbs` lb t`fcs kcs hmahcs flk eaddutz qul h`b`zh`, h`b`hlrb`s. _crlhl sagpkl, plr` b` ls nãhak h`b`hlr y rlspltcr
lbt`bhls salbt` qul Lstmlr ls ubc fl kcs gãs klckls, h`bsafl ck `tr`. Lb rlckafcf, ástl ls lk slhrlt` fl bulstrc vafc gctra
rcfc h`g` ubc lsp`sc qul lstã h`b ub` b` søk` lb lk g` g`back, b` mcy babiúb `tr` slhrlt`. B`s kklvø có`s flshu
glbt` fl kcs plklcs sab` c k` kcri` fl k`s có`s. drark`. R
Xló`rc  T`dçb: Q t`fcvçc b`s qulfc ub kcri` trlhm` p`r Xló`r Tcdab: Q kklvcrã gãs có`s.
rlh`rrlr. Xló`rc Tcdab:  Ls p`sadkl. Mcy t`fcvçc guhm`s pr`dklgcs
Ecnngcb:  Q quazãs ubc úktagc prliubtc: sa ustlf quasalsl qul b` tuvag`s qul lbnrlbtcr cúb. Lk talgp` pr`dcdklglbtl
"vlbflr" lk slhrlt` fl ubc vafc gctrag`back gãs ` glb`s cr b`s pkcbtlcrã bulvcs pruldcs. ^avarlg`s y k`s vlrlg`s. Ls
g`ba`sc, abhkus` h`b ckiubcs nrahha`bls cquç y ckiubcs fanl plr` qul p`fcg`s lbnrlbtcrk`s dalb.
rlbhacs ckkç, sa quasalslb trcbsgatar k` fl su lxplralbhac c `tr`s, Xló`r Tcdab: Q y` tcgdaáb.
°quá farçcb0  Ecn ngcb::  Q y` tcgdaáb. Sualr` circflhlrkls bulvcglbtl
 Ecnngcb
Xló`rc Tcdab: X`y guy nk`jc lb rlhltcs5 kc gcfrl fl Gajclk p`r mcdlr plklcf` furcbtl hcsa trls m`rcs h`b k`s pr`dklgcs
ls dulbc lb ls`. Ls fançhak pcrc gç flhar. B` s`y prlhascglbtl pkcbtlcf`s lb lstc lbtrlvastc. \stlfls mahalr`b rlckglbtl t`f`
ckiualb qul fcrçc h`bslj`s chlrhc fl høg` vavar su vafc. Ls k` qul pufalr`b, h`b m`blstafcf, y hrl` qul lstc h`bvlrschaøb
ub pr`dklgc fançhak, plr` kl fará, hrl` qul lk slhrlt` fl buls pulfl cyufcr c t`f`s k`s qul sl abtlrlscb lb lk cprlbfazcjl
trc vafc lquakadrcfc ls lk hcrãhtlr fl Gajclk. Xa tuvalsl ub flk g`f` lb qul sl h`bstruylb kcs rlkcha`bls lbtrl pcrljcs
gcraf` h`b ub hcrãhtlr h`g` lk gç`, lbt`bhls tlbfrçc ubc qul h`bvavlb furcbtl có`s.
vafc guy furc. Hrl` qul lk hcrãhtlr fl Gajclk kl fc lstcda Lk klht`r pulfl trczcr p`r su hulbtc lk pcrcklk` lbtrl k`s
kafcf y lquakadra` c bulstrc vafc, p`rqul flspuás fl t`f`
pulf` flplbflr fl ák Xá ququll flk gasg` g`g`f`
f` lb qul y` Yciblr y k`s Tcdab. Cubqul kcs ncgakacs vavlb lb fanlrlbtls
chtú` k`hcglbtl y sab nrlb`, ák bubhc plrflrã su h`btr`k p`r hukturcs, lbnrlbtcr`b pr`dklgcs sagakcrls pcrc n`rgcr ubc
h`scs qul c gç gl lbnurlhlb. _albs` qul ls cki` csç h`g` ncgakac, trczcr kagatls ckrlflf`r fl kc bulvc lstruhturc, gc
kc h`lxastlbhac fl f`s plrs`bcs
plrs`bcs h`b tlgplrcglbt`s
tlgplrcglbt`s h`gpklglb
h`gpklglb blj` fl kc rlkchaøb h`b k`s pcralbtls p`kçtah`s, rlkcha`bls h`b
tcra`s. _lr` b` ls ubc rlhltc qul ub` kl pulfc trcbsgatar cgai`s y lfuhchaøb fl k`s maj`s. Kcs tcrlcs csuglb n`rgcs
c `tr`s. fanlrlbtls lb kcs f`s s`halfcfls, plr` kc favlrsafcf fl huktu
Xló`r Tcdab: Kc rlkchaøb qul sl hrlø lbtrl b`s`tr`s ls guy rcs b` mchl gãs qul lshkcrlhlr kc slgljcbzc
slgljcbzc dãsahc flk pr`hls`.
plrs`bck. Ls fançhak "vlbflrkc" c `trcs pcrljcs.

38> 389

Lk tlrcplutc sl pkcbtlc ub halrt` búglr` fl abtlrr`icbtls.


^ _`r ljlgpk`, °quaáb ls lk p`rtcv`z fl kc ncgakac0 Xa lk pcfrl
ls qualb chtúc h`g` p`rtcv`z, °quá saibanahc ls`0 °Suaáb k`
 AG_ KAHCHA@B
 AG_KAHC HA@BLX
LX VLTC_Á\VA
VLTC_ Á\VAHCX
HCX flsaibø pcrc lnlhtucr kc prlslbtchaøb ‖pcrc csugar kc rls
 FL \B LBN@S\L
LBN @S\L LXVT\HV\
LXVT \HV\TCK
TCK p`bscdakafcf prabhapck flk praglr h`btcht` h`b ubc plrs`bc
lxtrcncgakacr saibanahctavc0 °Csugl kc p`sahaøb fl p`rtcv`z
fldaf` c qul ls kc nnlurc ljlhutavc fl kc ncgakac0 @ chcs`
ls kc gcfrl kc vlrfcflrc kçflr ljlhutavc qul hlfl tlgp`rc
tlgp`rc
racglbtl su p`flr ck pcfrl lb nubhaøb fl ckiubc rlikc ag
pkçhatc chlrhc flk r`k cflhucf` fl k`s m`gdrls0 °Suá mchl
lkkc galbtrcs su gcraf` mcdkc0 °Xlhubfc lb n`rgc tãhatc sus
h`gubahcha`bls `, chcs`, abtlrnalrl h`b ák c trcvás fl glfa`s
vlrdckls ` b` vlrdckls0
Cflgãs, kc h`bfuhtc fl kc ncgakac °fc nubfcglbt` ` h`b
Lb lslbhac, lk lbn`qul lstruhturck fl kcs ncgakacs sl dcsc trcfahl lk h`btlbaf` fl kcs h`gubahcha`bls vlrdckls0 K` qul
lb lk h`bhlpt` qul ubc ncgakac b` sl rlfuhl c k`s csplht`s `hurrl lb kc slsaøb °ls rlprlslbtctav` fl `tr`s g`glbt`s fl
da`psah`fabãgah`s abfavafuckls fl sus galg
galgdr`s.
dr`s. K`s galg kc vafc ncgakacr0 °Xl g`fanahcrçc lk t`b` cnlhtav` fl kc ab
dr`s fl ubc ncgakac sl rlkcha`bcb fl chulrf` h`b halrtcs fas tlrchhaøb ncgakacr sa kc h`gp`sahaøb fl kc ncgakac nulsl fanl
p`saha`bls
p`saha`bls qul i`dalrbcb sus
sus trcbschha`bls. Lstcs fasp`s
fasp`saha`
aha` rlbtl0 Kcs trcbschha`bls qul* sl pr`fuhlb lb ub g`glbt`
bls, cubqul p`r e2 ilblrck b` s`b lstcdklhafcs lb n`rgc lx- fcf` fl kc slsaøb °s`b gãs saibanahctavcs qul kcs qul sl pr`
pkahatc, ` saqualrc rlh`b`hafcs, h`bstatuylb ub
ub t`f`: kc ls fujlr`b
fujl r`b h`b cbtlra`rafcf lb kc slsaøb0
truhturc fl kc ncgakac. Kc rlckafcf fl kc lstruhturc h`rrls Lk tlrcplutc, ck gasg` talgp` qul rlsp`bfl c k`s ch`btl
p`bfl c ub `rflb fanlrlbtl qul kc rlckafcf fl k`s galgdr`s hagalbt`s qul sl pr`fuhlb lb kc slsaøb, rlckazc `dslrvcha`bls
abfavafuckls. y pkcbtlc abtlrr`icbtls. H`galbzc slóckcbf` k`s kagatls y pcu
tcs trcbschha`bckls y p`r lkcd`rcr mapøtlsas chlrhc fl huãkls
Kc lstruhturc ncgakacr b` h`bstatuyl ubc lbtafcf abglfac s`b kcs pcutcs `plrctavcs y huãkls b`. H`galbzc, csç, p`r ls0
tcglbtl `dslrvcdkl p`r pcrtl flk `dslrvcf`r. K`s fct`s flk tcdklhlr ub gcpc ncgakacr.
tlrcplutc y su facibøstah` sl k`ircb lxplraglbtckglbtl lb \b gcpc ncgakacr ls ub lsqulgc `ricbazctav`. B` rlprl
lk pr`hls` fl cs`hacrsl h`b kc ncgakac. Lk `yl k` qul k`s slbtc kc raqulzc fl kcs trcbschha`bls fl kc ncgakac, flk gasg`
galgdr`s fl kc ncgakac kl fahlb chlrhc flk g`f` h`g` lx g`f` lb qul ub gcpc tcgp`h` rlprlslbtc kc raqulzc fl ub
plraglbtcb c kc rlckafcf, plr` tcgdaáb `dslrvc lk g`f` lb tlrrat`ra`. Ls lstãtah`, galbtrcs qul kc ncgakac lstã lb h`bs
qul k`s galgdr`s fl kc ncgakac sl rlkcha`bcb h`b ák y lbtrl tcbtl g`vagalbt`. _lr` lk gcpc ncgakacr h`bstatuyl ub fas
sa. Lk tlrcplutc cbckazc lk hcgp` trcbschha`bck lb lk qul sl p`satav` sagpkanahcf`r guy útak, qul kl plrgatl ck tlrcplutc
rlkcha`bc h`b kc ncgakac, pcrc k`ircr csa ub facibøstah` ls `ricbazcr lk gctlrack fl favlrs` tap` qul `dtalbl. Lk gcpc
truhturck. kl plrgatl n`rgukcr mapøtlsas chlrhc fl kcs ãrlcs lb lk slb`

38= 381

fl kc ncgakac qul nubha`bcb h`rrlhtcglbtl y chlrhc fl `trcs


ãrlcs f`bfl b` `hurrl k` gasg`. Vcgdaáb k` cyufc c fltlr da`s sl pr`fuhlb lb lk abfavafu` c trcvás flk rllbhulbtr` h`i-
gabcr k`s `djltav`s tlrcpáutah`s. batav`-cnlhtav` h`b lk pcscf` abtr`ylhtcf`. Lstl rllbhulbtr`
sl pr`fuhl c trcvás fl ubc rlkchaøb sagdøkahc h`b lk tlrcplutc.
Kc nubhaøb fl k`s gcpcs fl lstl tap` nul flshraptc p`r H`bslhulbtlglbtl, sl kl lbslóc ck tlrcplutc abfavafuck c rl
Hkcufl Káva-Xtrcuss
plhukacrafcfls fl kcslbplqulócs
ub h`btlxt` fanlrlbtl:
s`halfcfls qul"\bc fl kcs
lstufacg`s nrlbcr sus rlspulstcs plrs`bckls. Fldl fasp`blr fl kc hcpc
hafcf fl h`btr`kcr sus agpuks`s y fl `dslrvcr lb n`rgc ctlbtc
rlsafl lb qul hcfc ubc h`bstatuyl, h`g` sa nulrc, ub lxplra sus pr`hls`s abtlrb`s. Fldl fashragabcr lbtrl sus rlspulstcs
glbt` fasp`badkl... _`r `trc pcrtl, lscs s`halfcfls vavlb, y `djltavcs y kcs rlspulstcs `raiabcfcs lb su pr`pa` pcscf` qul
b` h`btcg`s h`b lk talgp` ba h`b k`s glfa`s pcrc gcbapu s`b lv`hcfcs p`r kc h`bfuhtc chtuck flk pchalbtl c trcvás fl
kcrkcs . . . lbh`bt
lbh`btrcg`s
rcg`s bulstr`s lxplraglbt
lxplraglbt`s `s yc prlpcrc
prlpcrcf`s
f`s kc h`btrctrcbsnlrlbhac. Flscrr`kkc ubc hcpchafcf pcrc kc `d
plr`
plr` s`b abh`bt
abh`btr`kcdkls.
r`kcdkls..... p`r k` tcbt`, . . . abtlbtcg
abtlbtcg`s
`s rll
rllg
g slrvchaøb pcsavc y cprlbfl c lvckucr h`b hcutlkc sus rlspuls
pkczcrk`s h`b g`flk`s, sastlgcs fl sçgd`k`s qul prlslrvcb tcs lsp`btãblcs. Xu r`k rlsafl lb `dkaicr ck pchalbtl c lshu
kcs pr`palfcfls hcrchtlrçstahcs flk lxplraglbt`, plr` qul p` fraócrsl y c lxcgabcr su rlkchaøb h`b kcs naiurcs saibanahctavcs
flg`s gcbapukcr"'. Ck aiuck qul lk cbtr`pøk`i`, lk tlrcplutc fl su pcscf`. _`bl lk chlbt` lb kc lxpk`rchaøb flk pcscf`
lstruhturck fl ncgakac rlhurrl c ub gcpc pcrc `ricbazcr k`s h`bnkahtav` y lb su abtlrprltchaøb lb lk prlslbtl.
fct`s qul rlh`il.
Lb kc tlrcpac ncgakacr kcs prlgascs flk hcgda` s`b fanl
rlbtls. Xl h`bsaflrc qul lk hcgda` sl pr`fuhl c trcvás flk
pr`hls` fl cs`hachaøb h`b kc ncgakac y su rllstruhturchaøb fl
AB^LXVAICBF@ FLBVT@ FLK XAXVLGC VLTC_Á\VAH@ ástc lb ubc n`rgc huafcf`scglbtl pkcbanahcfc, pcrc p`flr
trcbsn`rgcr csç kcs pcutcs trcbschha`bckls fasnubha`bckls. Xa
Ck gasg` talgp` qul rlh`il gctlrack pcrc ub gcpc ls k`irc cs`hacrsl h`b ubc ncgakac y salbtl kcs prlsa`bls flk
truhturck, lk tlrcplutc abtr`fuhl pruldcs lxplraglbtckls. Lb sastlgc ncgakacr, b` blhlsatc pr`tlilrsl h`btrc kcs rlspulstcs
halrt` g`f`, su s`kc prlslbhac ls ubc pruldc, p`rqul kc ncga lsp`btãblcs, yc qul ls pr`dcdkl qul lstcs rlspulstcs slcb
kac sl `ricbazc lb rlkchaøb h`b ák. _lr`, cflgãs, pulfl ag sabtøbahcs h`b lk sastlgc. Xa b` k` s`b, pulflb slr vãkafcs
p`blr kc rlckazchaøb fl tcrlcs pkcbanahcfcs pcrc abfcicr chlr h`g` abfcicha`bls lxplraglbtckls.
hc fl csplht`s saibanahctav`s fl kc lstruhturc ncgakacr. Kc úbahc lstruhturc ncgakacr abglfactcglbtl cslquadkl pcrc
Lk tlrcplutc ncgakacr sl h`bsaflrc c sa gasg` h`g` ub ub tlrcplutc ls kc lstruhturc fasnubha`bck. \bc fl kcs tcrlcs
galgdr` chtucbtl y rlhrlctav` lb rlkchaøb h`b lk sastlgc qul lbnrlbtc ls kc fl lxpk`rcr lsc lstruhturc y satucr kcs
tlrcpáutah`. _crc cs`hacrsl h`b kc ncgakac, sudrcyc k`s csplh ãrlcs fl p`sadkl nklxadakafcf y hcgda`. Xu cp`rtl lshkcrlhl
t`s fl su plrs`bckafcf y lxplralbhac qul s`b sabtøbah`s h`b pcrtls fl kc lstruhturc ncgakacr qul mcb plrgcblhaf` suglr
k`s fl kc ncgakac. _lr` tcgdaáb h`bslrvc kc kadlrtcf fl slr iafcs. Cktlrbctavcs lstruhturckls qul mcb plrgcblhaf` abchta
lsp`btãbl` lb sus abfcicha`bls lxplraglbtckls. vcs sl mchlb chtavcs. Xa lk tlrcplutc p`sll lbt`bhls kc nklxa
Lstl us` fl sa gasg` ls guy fanlrlbtl flk qul sl `dslrvc dakafcf blhlscrac pcrc flskaicrsl y `dslrvcr lk lnlht` fl sus
lb lk hcs` flk tlrcplutc fl `ralbtchaøb psah`fabãgahc. Kcs abfcicha`bls, k`ircrã lshkcrlhlr csa su hucfr` facibøstah` fl
prlgascs fl kc tlrcpac psah`fabãgahc s`b kcs fl qul k`s hcg- kc ncgakac.
36? 363

_`r k` ilblrck, kcs ncgakacs flshcrtcb kcs abfcicha`bls qul vás flk huck fldlb faraiarsl kcs `plrcha`bls fl kc ncga
b` s`b sabtøbahcs h`b lk sastlgc ncgakacr. _lr` hucbf` rlsp`b kac (Nai. 33).
flb, ls p`sadkl qul sl pr`fuzhc ubc fl kcs trls cktlrbctavcs
saiualbtls. Kc ncgakac pulfl csagakcr sab fanahuktcf kc abtlr
vlbhaøb flk tlrcplutc c sus pcutcs trcbschha`bckls prlvacs,
k` qul plrgatl lk cprlbfazcjl plr` b` lk hrlhagalbt`. Kc nc
gakac tcgdaáb pulfl rlsp`bflr ch`g`fãbf`sl, c trcvás fl kc
lxtlbsaøb fl sus pcutcs trcbschha`bckls ` fl kc chtavchaøb fl Cm`rc lk tlrcplutc abtlbtc lxcgabcr kc nklxadakafcf fl k`s
kcs pcutcs cktlrbctavcs. Nabckglbtl, kc ncgakac pulfl rlsp`bflr kçgatls abtlrb`s fl kc ncgakac. Kl s`kahatc c kc gcfrl qul sl
c kc abtlrvlbhaøb flk tlrcplutc h`g` sa sl trctcsl fl ubc ckljl fl k`s maj`s y sl gcbtlbic lb saklbha`. Lsc tcrlc kl
satuchaøb h`gpkltcglbtl b`vlf`sc. Lb lstl hcs`, kc abfcic plrgatl `dslrvcr kc h`gpltlbhac flk pcfrl lb rlkchaøb h`b
haøb sl mc h`bvlrtaf` lb ubc abtlrvlbhaøb rllstruhturcbtl. Xa k`s baó`s hucbf` kc gcfrl chtúc lb n`rgc glb`s chtavc. Xa
kc ncgakac b` kc rlhmczc, sl pr`fuharã ub cuglbt` flk strlss lk pcfrl pulfl abtlrchtucr lb n`rgc høg`fc h`b k`s maj`s,
lb lk sastlgc. Kc m`gl`stcsas fl kc ncgakac sl vlrã flslqua lk tlrcplutc n`rgukcrã kc mapøtlsas fl ub kçgatl blt` flk sud

kadrcfc, cdralbf` lk hcgab` c kc trcbsn`rgchaøb. sastlgc


qulfc flpcrlbtck l abvlstaicrã lb
ãrlcs fasnubha`bckls `tr`sflslht`rls
flbtr` lb su
kc ncgakac. Xa, dús
p`r
F`s ljlgpk`s hkcranahcrãb fl quá g`f` lk tlrcplutc lxpk`rc lk h`btrcra`, lk pcfrl ls ablnahcz y k`s baó`s b` pulflb rl
y lvckúc sus lxpk`rcha`bls flbtr` fl ub sastlgc tlrcpáutah`. kcha`bcrsl lb n`rgc cutøb`gc h`b ák, lk tlrcplutc lkcd`rcrã
\bc ncgakac abtlircfc p`r ubc gcfrl, ub pcfrl y huctr` kc mapøtlsas fl ubc nr`btlrc abcflhucfcglbtl rçiafc qul sl
maj`s sl lbhulbtrc ck h`galbz` fl su tlrcpac. Lk pr`dklgc pcrc ck pcfrl fl k`s maj`s y gcbtalbl ubc s`drlagpkahchaøb
qul prlslbtc, ` pchalbtl aflbtanahcf`, ls ub baó` fl falz có`s fl kc gcfrl h`b lkk`s. Lstc mapøtlsas flkagatc ub ãrlc fas
qul r`dc y sl mchl kc rcd`bc. nubha`bck, agpkahc ub `djltav` tlrcpáutah` y suialrl ckiub`s
Kc gcfrl kl fahl ck pcfrl qul h`galbhl kc slsaøb. Galb pcs`s qul pulflb cyufcr c ckhcbzcr lstc gltc.
trcs ák mcdkc, lkkc h`btr`kc saklbha`scglbtl kc h`bfuhtc fl kc Lb `trc ncgakac, kc pchalbtl aflbtanahcfc (_A) ls ubc baóc
majc fl habh` có`s (m) y flk maj` fl saltl (M). Abtlrrugpl facdátahc fl quabhl có`s qul sl balic c cf`ptcr ubc faltc
c su gcraf` pcrc hckanahcr ubc cnargchaøb. Kuli` kl abfahc cflhucfc, ncksanahc sus lxãglbls fl `rabc y lb kc qul b` sl
c su majc fl hct`rhl có`s qul lxprlsl su pubt` fl vastc y kc pulfl h`bnacr pcrc qul cfgabastrl sus pr`pacs abylhha`bls
abtlrrugpl pcrc flharkl qul kl mcdkl m`blstcglbtl ck tlrc fl absukabc. Kc gcfrl, lk pcfrl, kc pchalbtl aflbtanahcfc y
plutc. Galbtrcs mcdkc, kc majc `dslrvc c su gcfrl y lb ub su mlrgcbc glb`r s`b vastcs lb tlrcpac ncgakacr.
g`glbt` fltlrgabcf` kc abtlrr`ic chlrhc fl kc nlhmc flk ab Lk pcfrl abahac kc slsaøb. Flshradl lk h`galbz` fl kc lb
haflbtl qul flshradl. nlrglfcf fl su majc y fl quá g`f` cnlhtø c kc ncgakac.
C  pcrtar fl kcs `dslrvcha`bls rlckazcfcs mcstc lk g`glbt`, Hucbf` h`bhkuyl, t`hc c su lsp`sc y fahl: "cm`rc mcdkc tú".
lk tlrcplutc  (V)   pulfl lkcd`rcr tlbtctavcglbtl ub gcpc Lk tlrcplutc ch`tc dr`glcbf` qul pcrlhl h`g` sa sl trctcsl
fl kc lstruhturc fl kc ncgakac. Lb su praglrc mapøtlsas faci fl ubc hcrrlrc fl p`stcs. Kc gcfrl flshradl lk g`f` lb qul
bøstahc, kc gcfrl cpcrlhl h`g` lk h`bgutcf`r hlbtrck, c trc- kc cnlhtc kc lbnlrglfcf fl su majc. Lbtrl `trcs h`scs, fahl

364 368

qul salgprl fldl vaiakcrkc pcrc tlblr kc sliurafcf fl qul sus fldlrls. Lb lstl pubt` sl pulfl trczcr ub bulv` gcpc,
kc majc h`gl k` cflhucf`. Galbtrcs mcdkc, kc gcfrl gcbtalbl lb lk qul kc gcfrl n`rgc ubc h`ckahaøb h`b sus majcs h`btrc
ub h`btcht` vasuck h`b k`s `tr`s galgdr`s fl kc ncgakac. Kc lk pcfrl, qul ls plranárah` (Nai. 38).
baóc facdátahc abtlrrugpl c su gcfrl pcrc flshradar sus
pr`dklgcs ckaglbtcra`s. Galbtrcs mcdkc, sab lgdcri`, sl abtl
rrugpl h`b pcuscs pr`k`bicfcs qul s`b kklbcfcs p`r kc gcfrl.
Lk tlrcplutc abtlrvalbl pcrc abtlrr`icr c kc majc glb`r chlr
hc flk g`f` lb qul lkkc chtavc c su gcfrl. Xlóckc qul lk
pcfrl kc chtavø t`hãbf`kc y fãbf`kl ubc tcrlc, y qul kc majc
gcy`r kc chtavø hrlcbf` pcuscs pr`k`bicfcs qul kc gcfrl Lst`s f`s gcpcs agpkahcb
agpkahcb ub `djltav`: flnabar ub kçgatl
fldçc kklbcr. Kc majc glb`r rlpkahø qul b` hrlçc qul chtavcsl ckrlflf`r flk sudsastlgc fl k`s høbyuils qul abhrlglbtcrã kc
c su gcfrl fl g`f` ckiub`. Lb lsl g`glbt`, lk tlrcplutc fastcbhac lbtrl kc gcfrl y kc pchalbtl aflbtanahcfc ck pcfrl
fasp`bl fl k`s abirlfalbtls dãsah`s pcrc ub gcpc, lb lk qul plranárah` c kc ncgakac. H`b lstl `djltav`, lk tlrcplutc kl rl
kc gcfrl `hupc ub kuicr hlbtrck, agpkahcf` lb lxhls` h`b pr`hmc c cgdcs baócs p`r mcdlr r`t` kc rlikc. Kls fahl qul
kc pchalbtl aflbtanahcfc (Nai.  34). lkkcs rlt`gcr`b kc quljc fl kc gcfrl rlnlrlbtl c qul lk pcfrl
b` lstcdc k` sunahalbtl lb kc hcsc, trcbsn`rgcbf` kc quljc fl
ubc lsp`sc chlrhc fl su gcraf` lb ubc quljc fl kcs majcs
chlrhc fl su pcfrl.
Gãs tcrfl, lk lsp`s` y kc lsp`sc h`galbzcb c fashutar p`r
kcs nabcbzcs csç h`g` tcgdaáb chlrhc fl kcs fanahuktcfls qul
lbnrlbtc lk gcraf` h`b su trcdcj`. Hucbf` kc lsp`sc k` hra
Lk tlrcplutc pr`saiul lbt`bhls su lxpk`rchaøb. Agp`bl ubc tahc, kc majc gcy`r abtlrvalbl, fahalbf` qul fasp`bl fl ckiu
rlikc. Bcfal pulfl mcdkcr lb lk kuicr fl `tr`, y bcfal pulfl b`s cm`rr`s qul kc ncgakac pulfl utakazcr. Kc gcfrl h`galbzc
rlckazcr h`bjlturcs chlrhc fl k`s plbscgalbt`s ` slbtagalbt`s c fashutar h`b kc majc, cdcbf`bcbf` kc fashusaøb h`b su gc
fl `tr` galgdr` fl kc ncgakac. Kuli` lk tlrcplutc prliubtc raf`. Lb lstl g`glbt`, flspuás flk suriagalbt` flk h`bnkaht`
ck pcfrl sa lxastl ckiúb `tr` pr`dklgc lb kc ncgakac. Lk pcfrl lbtrl k`s høbyuils, lk gcpc csugl ub bulv` csplht` (Nai. 36).
fahl qul su lsp`sc sl salbtl cbiustacfc hucbf` ák b` lstã lb
hcsc. Lk tlrcplutc slóckc qul lk pcfrl b` mc rlspltcf` kc
rlikc, lb lk gasg` g`glbt` lb qul lk pcfrl h`galbzc c flhar:
"@m, b` tlbi` qul mcdkcr lb kuicr fl `tr`". Lstl ls ub dulb
saib`
saib` fl pr`ib`sas,
pr`ib`sas, qul slóckc qul lk pcfrl fasp`bl fl rl Lb lstc ncgakac, k`s lsp`s`s lbhulbtrcb ub r`fl` pcrc lk
hurs`s sunahalbtls pcrc utakazcr kc abtlrvlbhaøb flk tlrcplutc. h`bnkaht` c trcvás fl kc trcbsn`rgchaøb fl ub h`bnkaht` lbtrl
Kc majc gcy`r fahl qul lk pcfrl b` sl abtlrlsc k` suna lsp`s`s lb ub h`bnkaht` lbtrl kc gcfrl ` lk pcfrl y kc majc.
halbtl lb lkkc. Xl quljc p`rqul b` h`bhurraø ck h`bhalrt` qul Bulvcglbtl, lk gcpc pkcbtlc ub `djltav` y ub hcgab` pcrc
fa` lb kc lshulkc. Kc majc glb`r fahl qul ák b` kc cyufc lb k`ircr lstl `djltav`. Lk tlrcplutc kl s`kahatc c cgdcs majcs

366 36<

fl kc ncgakac lxtlbsc fltlrgabcb h`b nrlhulbhac qul sl trctl


qul chlrqulb sus sakkcs c kc suyc y qul sl salbtlb fãbf`kl kc fl kc úbahc n`rgc p`sadkl pcrc ubc ncgakac lb h`bfaha`bls fl
lspckfc c sus pcfrls. Kls s`kahatc tcgdaáb c k`s pcfrls qul plburac.
rlabahalb su fashusaøb y qul kc pr`saicb mcstc su h`bhkusaøb. KC ncgakac lxtlbsc, lb pcrtahukcr kc ncgakac lxtlbsc "gctracrhck
K` mchlb, y sliúb sl `dslrvc c cgdcs baócs pcrlhl circfcr urdcbc'' rlhadaø guhmc pudkahafcf fl kc pr`pcicbfc p`kçtahc
kls kc fasp`sahaøb crtanahack fl kcs sakkcs cf`ptcfc. fastraduafc p`r kcs pr`nlsa`bls cuxakacrls lb lk trcbshurs` fl
Kc praglrc slsaøb suialrl ub gcpc abahack fl kc ncgakac kc "iulrrc h`btrc kc p`drlzc". H`g` h`bslhulbhac fl lkk`, ub
y kl pr`p`rha`bc ck tlrcplutc ub `djltav` pcrc kc ncgakac l tlrcplutc pulfl vlrsl prlh`bfaha`bcf` pcrc lbhcrcr c lstc
abfahc ckiub`s pcs`s pcrc ckhcbzcr lstl `djltav`. Kcs slsa`bls n`rgc h`g` abmlrlbtlglbtl pct`iábahc. Xab lgdcri`, ub gcpc
p`stlra`rls y kcs lvckucha`bls suhlsavcs hkcranahcrãb ck gcpc, lstruhturck huafcf`scglbtl faslócf` gulstrc qul lk sastlgc
k` mcrãb gãs prlhas` y nalk. nubha`bc lb n`rgc cflhucfc.
K`s g`flk`s fl ncgakacs `dslrvcf`s h`b nrlhulbhac ‖h`g`
Lb `tr`s hcs`s, ubc ncgakac lxtlbsc pulfl lbnrlbtcr pr`
lk fl kc ncgakac lxtlbsc, kc ncgakac h`b ub maj` pcrlbtck y kc
dklgcs fldaf` c kc fanahuktcf pcrc csaibcr hkcrcglbtl kcs rls
ncgakac lb ubc satuchaøb trcbsaha`bck‖ pr`p`rha`bcb ubc gc
p`bscdakafcfls. Fldaf` c kc h`gpkljafcf fl kc ubafcf ncga
y`r akustrchaøb fl kc cpkahchaøb flk cbãkasas lstruhturck. Babiúb
kacr, pulfl lxastar ub halrt` búglr` fl kçgatls agprlhas`s, k`
g`flk` ncgakacr ls Kc
bck ` fasnubha`bck. abmlrlbtlglbtl b`rgck
fanlrlbhachaøb fl ubc` cb`rgck, nubha`
ncgakac flplbfl qul hrlc h`bnusaøb y strlss.
fl su afa`sabhrcsac, sl rlkcha`bc h`b su pr`pac h`gp`sahaøb, _`r ljlgpk`, ubc ncgakac chufl c tlrcpac fldaf` c qul kc
ltcpc fl flscrr`kk` y sudhukturc, y t`f` ls vacdkl. _lr`, cfl majc glb`r, fl falz có`s, fls`dlfalbtl, vcic klj`s fl su hcsc
gãs, t`f` g`flk` prlslbtc flnahalbhacs abmlrlbtls y lst`s pul y vulkvl c ástc flsfl kc lshulkc guy tcrfl, sab qul kc ncgakac
flb slr k`s slht`rls qul hlflb hucbf` kc hcpchafcf fl mchlr slpc føbfl lstuv`. Kc gcfrl kkcgø ck tlrcplutc, fl tck
nrlbtl c kc satuchaøb fl kc ncgakac sl ci`tc. g`f` qul lk praglr h`btcht` h`b kc ncgakac ls h`b kc gcfrl y
habh` maj`s. Lb kc praglrc slsaøb, lk tlrcplutc `dslrvc qul kc
gcfrll talbl pr`dk
gcfr pr`dklgcs
lgcs fl h`bt
h`btr`k
r`k h`b sus habh` maj
maj`s
`s (Na i. 3< ).
KC NCGAKAC L]VLBXC

Lk g`flk` fl kc ncgakac lxtlbsc ls ubc n`rgc dalb cfcptcfc


c satucha`bls fl strlss y plburac. _`r k` tcbt`, sl trctc fl ub
g`flk` sugcglbtl saibanahctav` lb guhmcs ncgakacs cnlhtcfcs Lk tlrcplutc lxtalbfl lbt`bhls lk pr`dklgc gãs ckkã flk
p`r kc p`drlzc. Kcs nubha`bls pulflb slr h`gpcrtafcs. \b pchalbtl aflbtanahcf`, slóckcbf` kc fanahuktcf fl kc gcfrl h`b
galgdr` pulfl huafcr c k`s baó`s galbtrcs k`s `tr`s cfukt`s sus habh` maj`s. Lstcdklhl fl lsl g`f` ub h`btrct` tlrcpáutah`,
trcdcjcb pcrc gcbtlblr c t`fc kc ncgakac. Kcs tcrlcs m`icrlócs, qul abstcurc lk chulrf` fl qul kc tlrcpac abhkuarã ub trcdcj`
ck aiuck qul `trcs, pulflb slr h`gpcrtafcs. \bc gujlr pulfl c rlckazcr h`b lk pchalbtl aflbtanahcf`, kc cyufc c kc gcfrl
h`bfuhar c k`s maj`s fl su mlrgcbc ck m`spatck pcrc ub lxc pcrc h`btr`kcr glj`r c t`f`s sus maj`s y kc dúsqulfc fl cp`y`
glb hucbf` kklvc  c  k`s suy`s pr`pa`s. Lk h`gpcólrasg` y pcrc lkkc. Hucbf` sl lbtlrc fl qul ubc cdulkc tcgdaáb vavl
gúktapkls nulbtls fl cyufc y cp`y` `dslrvcdkls lb lk slb` h`b kc ncgakac, kl s`kahatc qul chufc c kc prøxagc slsaøb.

36= 369

Hucbf` kc cdulkc lstã prlslbtl, sl `dslrvc h`b t`tck hkcra


fcf qul lkkc ls kc hcdlzc ljlhutavc fl kc ncgakac. Lk p`flr y kc
h`gpltlbhac fl kc gcfrl flscpcrlhlb lb prlslbhac fl su
pr`pac gcfrl (Nai. 3>). Lk gcpc flk tlrcplutc fl lstc ls- rlckazcr slsa`bls lb prlslbhac s`kcglbtl fl kc cdulkc y fl
kc
vcsgcfrl, abhkuyábf`sl
(Nai. 4?). lb ubc
@, sa b`, pulfl ckacbzc
udahcrsl fl k`s
lbtrl naiurcs ljlhuta-
cfukt`s y k`s

baó`s, hkcranahcbf` lk kçgatl ckrlflf`r fl kc gcfrl y fl kc


cdulkc, y, ck gasg` talgp`, chtucbf` h`g` ub g`flk` fl
truhturc `ralbtc sus abtlrvlbha`bls rllstruhturcbtls mchac lk h`bfuhtc pcrlbtck ljlhutavc pcrc cgd`s sudsastlgcs, pcrlbtck y
`djltav` fl cs`hacr c kc gcfrl y c kc cdulkc lb ub sudsastlgc fl k`s
k`s baó`
baó`ss (N ai. 4 3) .
pcrlbtck lb ubc p`sahaøb fl h`gpklglbtcrafcf y fl cp`y`
gutu` (Nai. 39).

Lstcs lstrctliacs h`bstatuylb søk` ub`s p`h`s ljlgpk`s fl


kcs gúktapkls n`rgcs pcrc ckhcbzcr lstl `djltav` tlrcpáutah`
_crc ckhcbzcr lstl `djltav`, sl pulfl rlhurrar c favlrscs lb lstl tap` fl lstruhturc ncgakacr.
ncgakacr. Lk tlrcplutc fldl utakazcr
lstrctliacs. Kc cdulkc pulfl `dslrvcr trcs ub vafra` fl va t`fcs lstcs lstrctliacs ck aiuck qul `trcs lb fanlrlbtls g`
saøb ubakctlrck kc n`rgc lb qul su majc sl flslbvulkvl h`b k`s glbt`s fl kc tlrcpac. _lr` huckqualrc slc lk lbn`qul abahack
baó
baó`s
`s (Nai.
(N ai. 3 = ). Lsl fasp`satav`
fasp`satav` h`bstatuyl ub kçgatl qul qul lsh`il lb su abtlbt` fl rllstruhturcr c kc ncgakac, ástl
abnkuarã lb kcs rlspulstcs fl kc ncgakac pcrc h`
h`bb ák. Cdrarã
ckiub`s hcgab`s fl abtlrvlbhaøb y hlrrcrã `tr`s.
KC NCGAKAC H@B \B MAJ@
plrgatl slbtarsl
slbtarsl p
pcrtahapc
crtahapcbtl
btl sab mchlrk` lb n`rgc farlhtc. Lk
tlrcplutc pulfl gcbtlblr c kc cdulkc lb kc mcdatchaøb, ch Kc csaibchaøb fl p`flr pcrlbtck c ub maj` h`bstatuyl ub
tucbf`
tucbf` h`g
h`g`` pcrc dk`qu
dk`qulcrkc
lcrkc lb su f`g
f`gaba`
aba` (Nai.
(N ai. 31).
31 ). _ulfl rlhurs` bcturcW lb kcs ncgakacs cgpkacs, lb kcs ncgakacs h`b ub

36= 361

kc gcfrl. Xl fldl hkcranahcr lk kçgatl lbtrl kc gcfrl y lk


s`k` pcfrl ` gcfrl ` lb ncgakacs lb kcs qul trcdcjcb cgd`s maj` pcrlbtck. Lk kçgatl lbtrl kc gcfrl y `tr`s maj`s fldl
pcfrls. Lk sastlgc pulfl nubha`bcr lb n`rgc cflhucfc. K`s g`fanahcrsl pcrc plrgatarkls ub chhls` farlht` c lkkc. Lk maj`
maj`s glb`rls rlhadlb k`s huafcf`s rlqulraf`s y lk maj` pc
pcrlbtck fldl slr flvulkt` c su sudirup` nrctlrb`, cubqul
rlbtck pulfl abhrlglbtcr su rlsp`bscdakafcf, h`gpltlbhac y
gcbtalbl lb ák su p`sahaøb fl kaflrczi` y p`flr ljlhutav`
cut`b`gçc gcy`rls qul kcs mcdatuckls lb su lfcf.
sudckt
sudcktlrb
lrb`` (N ai. 4 6) .
Xab lgdcri`, ubc ncgakac h`b ubc lstruhturc fl maj` pcrlb
tck pulfl cnr`btcr fanahuktcfls sa kc flklichaøb fl cut`rafcf V
b` ls lxpkçhatc ` sa k`s pcfrls cdfahcb, plrgatalbf` qul lk
baó` sl h`bvalrtc lb kc prabhapck nulbtl fl `ralbtchaøb, h`b
tr`k y flhasa`bls. Lb lsl hcs`, k`s rlqulragalbt`s pkcbtlcf`s
ck baó` pulflb h`btrcp`blrsl c sus pr`pacs blhlsafcfls ab
ncbtakls y flsd`rfcr su hcpchafcf pcrc lbhcrcrkcs.
K`s H`rflb (hcp. 33) akustrcb lk pr`dklgc. Lb lstc ncga
kac, lk kçgatl lbtrl kc gcfrl y lk maj` pcrlbtck fl falz có`s
KC NCGAKAC LB XAV\CHA@BLX VTCBXAHA@BCKLX
sl
ub mc mlhm`
kagatl fanus`. H`bstatuylb
agplrglcdkl c k`s `tr`subbaó`s.
sudsastlgc h`gpcht`
Kc cut`rafcf h`b
mc saf`
flklicfc h`b hkcrafcf, plr` k`s rlqulragalbt`s pkcbtlcf`s ck tlgp`rcrac.  Cubqul ubc ncg
 _árfafc tlgp`rcrac. ncgakac
akac pulfl vlrsl cnlh
baó` pcrlbtck mcb suplrcf` su hcpchafcf (Nai. 44). Lk pchalb tcfc p`r t`f` tap` fl satucha`bls trcbsaha`bckls, lstc satuc
tl aflbtanahcf` ‖kc majc gcy`r, fl saltl có`s‖ ls abhlbfacrac. haøb sl h`gpruldc lb pcrtahukcr lb hcs`s fl slpcrchaøb y rl
t`rb`. Hucbf` ub` fl k`s pcfrls cdcbf`bc c kc ncgakac, sl
fldlb bli`hacr ubc slral fl cjustls (Nai. 4<). Xa rlt`rbc, k`s
hcgda`s fldlb rlv`hcrsl.

Fldaf` ck kagatl abcflhucfcglbtl raiaf`, rln`rzcf` p`r kc


chtavafcf flk maj` pcrlbtck, kc gcfrl, lb kuicr fl cp`ycr c su
majc, kc h`bvalrtl lb vçhtagc pr`pahact`rac (Nai. 48) Kcs rlkcha`bls lbtrl k`s høbyuils sl abtlrrugplb y fldlb
rln`rgcrsl. Kcs rlkcha`bls pcrlbtckls hcgdacb y fldlb rlbl
i`hacrsl. Lk pr`ilbat`r qul rlirlsc fldl lstcdklhlr bulvcs
rlkcha`bls h`b k`s maj`s. Vrls sudsastlgcs flscpcrlhlb, kuli`
rlcpcrlhlb y fldlb slr cds`rdaf`s h`g` pcrtl flk nubha`bc
galbt` flk sastlgc rlhalbtlglbtl rln`rgcf`.
Lb lstl hcs`, lk `djltav` tlrcpáutah` h`bsastl lb rlckablcr
Lb ckiub`s hcs`s, lscs bli`hacha`bls trcbsaha`bckhs pulflb
c kc ncgakac fl tck g`f` qul lk maj` pcrlbtck pulfc cyufcr c
vlrsl dk`qulcfcs. Kcs pcutcs trcbschha`bckls cnlhtcfcs pul-

3<? 3<3

flb h`bvlrtarsl lbt`bhls lb vçbhuk`s fádakls. _`r ljlgpk`, ubc lb kc sls


slsaøb
aøb (Nai.
(Na i. 4 = ). Lstcs tãhtahcs cdrarãb lk kagatl
kagatl lb
lbtrl
trl
ncgakac kkcgc ck tlrcplutc fldaf` c qul lbnrlbtc ub pr`dklgc lk pcfrl y k`s maj`s y chlrhcrãb kc gcfrl ck pcfrl.
h`b su majc fl falz có`s, quaáb, fahlb, ls pr`gashuc. Hucbf`
chuflb c slsaøb, mcdkcb lb hcsa t`f` su trcbshurs` fl su maj`
fl `hm` có`s, qul ls fls`dlfalbtl.
Lk tlrcplutc `dslrvc ubc lstruhturc ncgakacr qul pcrlhl ab
hkuar c kc gcfrl y c k`s maj`s lb ubc h`ckahaøb h`btrc lk pc Nabckglbtl, pulfl cs`hacr c kc gcfrl y ck pcfrl lb ubc
frl. K`s maj`s abtlrrugplb kcs trcbschha`bls lbtrl k`s høb h`ckahaøb h`btrc k`s maj`s, ctchãbf`k`s p`r su fls`dlfalbhac,
yu
yuils
ils,, y lk pcfrl
pcfrl ls lxhkuaf`
lxhkuaf` fl kcs trcbschha`bl
trcbschha`blss (N
(Nai.
ai. 4 >) . ` pulfl rlhurrar c kc tãhtahc fl slóckcr kc abh`gpltlbhac fl
k`s pcfrls h`b k`s baó`s. Huckqualrc fl lscs táhbahcs k`irc
qul k`s pcfrls sl cs`halb pcrc h`bstatuar ubc ubafcf pcrlbtck
lnlhtavc (Nai. 41).

Lb kc slsaøb, lk pcfrl slóckc, p`r abahactavc pr`pac, qul huc


tr` có`s cbtls mcdçc saf` lbhcrhlkcf` y qul lstuv` trls có`s Nabckglbtl, pulfl cs`hacr c kc gcfrl y ck pcfrl lb ubc
lb prasaøb. Ck pcrlhlr, ckiub`s fl k`s pr`dklgcs fl rlcfcp h`ckahaøb h`btrc k`s maj`s, ctchãbf`k`s p`r su fls`dlfalbhac,
tchaøb c kc prlslbhac flk pcfrl b` mcb saf` rlsulkt`s. Xl mc ` pulfl rlhurrar c kc tãhtahc fl slóckcr kc abh`gpltlbhac fl
flscrr`kkcf` ubc satuchaøb trcbsaha`bck hrøbahc, lb kc qul mcb k`s pcfrls h`b k`s baó`s. Huckqualrc fl lscs táhbahcs k`irc
suriaf` lstruhturcs fasnubha`bckls. qul k`s pcfrls sl cs`halb pcrc h`bstatuar ubc ubafcf pcrlbtck
Lb lstc ncgakac, lk `djltav` tlrcpáutah` h`bsastl lb abhrl lnlhtavc (Nai. 41).
glbtcr kc nulrzc flk kagatl lbtrl lk lsp`s` y kc lsp`sc, lx V _ G
Nai.  41 ' '
hkuylbf` c k`s baó`s fl kcs trcbschha`bls lbtrl lkk`s y plr
maj`s
gatalbf` qul lk pcfrl csugc nubha`bls pcrlbtckls. _crc k`
Huckqualrc fl lst`s gát`f`s pulfl cyufcr c kc ncgakac c
ircrk`,
tcbf` sulk pr`ga
ptlrcplutc
r`gablb hacfldl
blbhac lb kccs`hacrsl
ncgakac h`b
ncgakac (Na i. 4lk9 )pcfrl,
( Nai. . _ulflabhrlglb
dk`qu
dk`qulcr
lcr rls`kvlr k`s pr`dklgcs qul sl pkcbtlcr`b hucbf` kcs bli`hac
ha`bls rlnlrlbtls c kc rlabhkusaøb flk pcfrl nulr`b dk`qulcfcs.
_r`dklgcs sagakcrls pulflb pkcbtlcrsl hucbf` sl dk`qulcb
galgdr` fl kc ncgakac, p`r ljlgpk` p`r gulrtl ` fav`rha`.
 Fav`rha`
 Fav` rha`..  Hucbf` ubc pcrljc
pcrljc sl fav`rhac
fav`rhac,, lk m`gdrl, p`r
k` ilblrck, k`irc flskaicrsl h`b gcy`r nchakafcf qul kc gujlr.
Lb k` qul h`bhalrbl c kc gcfrl, kcs h`bfaha`bls s`hackls qul
lstcdklhlb qul kc gcfrl fldl `hupcrsl fl k`s maj`s, fltlr
kcs trcbschha`bls gcfrl-maj`s, h`bfuhalbf` quazã kc tlrcpac gabcb qul sl vlc h`gpr`gltafc lb gcy`r glfafc h`b kc
h`b lkk`s s`k`s `, sa b`, dk`qulcbf` kcs gcba`drcs fl kc gcfrl satuchaøb cbtlra`r.
_`r ljlgpk`, ubc ncgakac chufl c tlrcpac fldaf` c qul kc
3<4 majc gcy`r, fl falhasáas có`s, sl lbhulbtrc cquljcfc p`r fl3<8
prlsaøb y cpcrtcfc fl kc ncgakac. K`s pcfrls sl fav`rhacr`b
slas glsls cbtls, y lb. kc chtuckafcf lk pcfrl vavl s`k`. Kc
gcfrl suialrl ck tlrcplutc qul rlckahl ubc slsaøb h`b lkkc y
su lx gcraf` pcrc qul pulfcb fashutar ckiubcs fl kcs h`scs
qul fldlrçcb mchlr pcrc k`s baó`s. Lstl lbhulbtr` sl pr`fuj`,
y kc pcrljc fav`rhacfc fasputø cgcricglbtl lb su trcbshurs`.

Lb ubc lbtrlvastc abglfactcglbtl p`stlra`r h`b lk tlrcplutc, h`rrlhtcglbtl, lstl tap` fl bli`hachaøb ls p`sadkl fldaf`, c
kc gcfrl fahl qul kl kkcgc kc ctlbhaøb k` flskaicfc qul sl qul lk sastlgc sl lbhulbtrc i`dlrbcf` p`r kçgatls hkcr`s cub
sabtaø. _lr` kl fahl ck tlrcplutc qul hrll qul su lx gcraf` qul nklxadkls. Xab lgdcri`, ls p`sadkl qul cpcrlzhcb tlbflb
lstã guy lbnlrg` y qul kl circfcrçc qul lk tlrcplutc lg hacs fasnubha`bckls sa ub sudsastlgc rlhurrl salgprl ck gas
prlbfalsl ubc tlrcpac abfavafuck h`b ák. g` b` galgdr` pcrc fasapcr h`bnkaht`s flk sudsastlgc. Lst`
Kc prltlbsaøb fl kc gcfrl fl slbtarsl flskaicfc fl su lx sl `dslrvc p`r k` ilblrck hucbf` k`s pcfrls utakazcb c ub maj`
gcraf` ls hulsta`bcfc p`r favlrs`s ncht`rls. F`s fl k`s maj`s, pcrc lvatcr ` ckljcr h`bnkaht`s lbtrl lkk`s. Lk kçgatl lbtrl lk
qul cbtlra`rglbtl sl slbtçcb guy ubaf`s h`b su pcfrl, rl sudsastlgc pcrlbtck y lk baó` sl mchl fanus`, y lk kagatl rl
hmczcb cm`rc t`f` h`btcht` h`b ák. Lk maj` glb`r vasatc c su kcha`bcf` h`b kc trçcfc pcfrls-maj`s, qul fldlrçc slr fanus`,
pcfrl plr` lxprlsc ubc ircb flsfahmc p`r kc satuchaøb. Q sl mchl abcflhucfcglbtl rçiaf` (Nai. 83). Xl flsaibc c lstl
kc gcfrl qualrl qul lk tlrcplutc qul trctc c lkkc y c sus maj`s tap` fl lstruhturc h`g` trçcfc rçiafc.
sl `hupl tcgdaáb fl su gcraf`. _ | | G
\b gcpc fl kc satuchaøb slóckc qul kcs bli`hacha`bls rlkc Nai. 83
ha`bcfcs h`b kc pcrtafc flk lx gcraf` sl mcb vast` dk`qulcfcs.
Lb ubc satuchaøb h`g` ástc, ubc lbtrlvastc h`b lk lx gcraf` M
 jub
 jubtcg
tcglbt
lbtll h`b su lsp
lsp`sc
`sc l maj`
maj`ss b` mcrçc gã
gãss qul rln
rln`rz
`rzcr
cr mlrgcb`*
lk abtlbs` cbtci`basg` lbtrl k`s lx høbyuils. Lk cbãkasas fl
k`s sastlgcs slóckc qul kc ubafcf qul fldl trctcrsl ls kc Kc utakazchaøb rçiafc fl ub maj` lb h`bnkaht`s lbtrl lsp`s`s
h`bstatuafc p`r kc gcfrl y k`s maj`s, sab lk pcfrl. Lk tlrcplutc csugl favlrscs n`rgcs. Lb kc tracbiukchaøb, hcfc pcfrl rl
pulfl fasp`blr lbt`bhls ub halrt` búglr` fl slsa`bls h`b lk qualrl qul lk maj` sl ubc c ák h`btrc lk `tr` pcfrl. Lb t`fcs
pcfrl y k`s maj`s, sab kc gcfrl, h`g` g`f` fl flscrr`kkcr bli` kcs `hcsa`bls lb qul lk maj` sl ubl c ub` fl lkk`µ, sl k`
hacha`bls qul plrgatarãb qul k`s maj`s y lk pcfrl gcbtlbicb flnabl cut`gãtahcglbtl h`g` sa ctchcsl ck `tr`. Lb lstc ls
ubc rlkchaøb, cubqul ák ls plranárah` lb rlkchaøb h`b lk cbtaiu` truhturc sugcglbtl fasnubha`bck, lk baó` sl lbhulbtrc pcrcka
sastlgc (Nai. 8?). zcf`. V`f` g`vagalbt` qul rlckazc ls flnabaf` p`r ub pcfrl
h`g` ub ctcqul.
Lb lk r`fl`, `trc n`rgc fl kc tracfc rçiafc, kc bli`hachaøb
fl k`s strlss fl k`s lsp`s`s c trcvás flk baó` sarvl pcrc gcb
tlblr lk sudsastlgc h`byuick lb ubc crg`bçc akus`rac. K`s
lsp`s`s rlnulrzcb t`fc h`bfuhtc cbøgckc fldaf` c qul fl
lsl g`f` pulflb flsvacr ` suglriar sus pr`pa`s pr`dklgcs flk
sudsastlgc h`byuick lb pr`dklgcs fl lfuhchaøb flk maj`. Lk
 _r`dklgc
 _r`dklgcµµ hrøb
hrøbah`µ
ah`µ fl kagatlµ. @trcs ncgakacs, tcgdaáb, pul
kagatlµ. flsva` fl k`s pcfrls pulfl csugar kc n`rgc fl ctchcr ck baó`,
flb chufar c tlrcpac fldaf` c pr`dklgcs hrøbah`s fl kagatls flnabaábf`k` h`g` nulbtl fl k`s pr`dklgcs ncgakacrls p`r slr
kaicf`s c kc bli`hachaøb fl strlss favlrs`s lb ub sastlgc c gck`. Lb `trcs ncgakacs k`s pcfrls pulflb flnabar ck baó` h`
trcvás fl `tr`s sudsastlgcs. Lb ubc ncgakac qul `plrc g` lbnlrg` y fádak, y kuli` ubarsl pcrc pr`tlilrk`.

3<6 3<<

Ls p`sadkl pr`sliuar kc gasgc lstrctliac rlhurralbf` c kc


Kc trçcfc rçiafc tcgdaáb pulfl csugar kc n`rgc fl ubc
h`ckahaøb lstcdkl. \b` fl k`s pcfrls sl cs`hac h`b lk baó` lb tãhtahc fl abhrlglbtcr kc n`rtcklzc flk kagatl flk sudsastlgc
ubc h`ckahaøb trcbsilblrcha`bck rçiafc h`btrc lk `tr` pcfrl. h`byuick sab agplfar lb n`rgc gcbanalstc kc pcrtahapchaøb
K`s trls tap`s fl trçcfc rçiafc pulflb cpcrlhlr lb ncgakacs flk maj`. Lb lk hcs` fl ubc nrãiak facdátahc fl falhasáas có`s,
h`b pr`dklgcs fl h`bfuhtc. Lstc trçcfc ls lk g`flk` trcb- lk tlrcplutc rlnulrzc c k`s pcfrls rlh`gplbsãbf`k`s p`r su
schha`bck tçpah`, ch`gpcócf` h`b `trcs hcrchtlrçstahcs ncga hcpchafcf fl ckaglbt` y cyufc. Lb lk trcbshurs` fl kc ncsl
kacrls saibanahctavcs lb ncgakacs qul talblb maj`s h`b sçbt`gcs abahack fl tlrcpac, hcrchtlrazc c su rlkchaøb lb tárgab`s su
psah`s`gãtah`s favlrs`s. gcglbtl p`satav`s, k` qul plrgatl abhrlglbtcr sus kcz`s gu
_`r k` ilblrck, lb ubc satuchaøb slgljcbtl lk `djltav` flk tu`s. Lk gcraf` y kc lsp`sc s`b hcpchls lbt`bhls fl bli`hacr
tlrcplutc rlsafl lb rllstruhturcr kc `ricbazchaøb flk sudsas k`s pr`dklgcs fl su sudsastlgc h`byuick sab lk cp`y` fl su
tlgc fl chulrf` h`b lk pcrcfaigc fl kc rlkchaøb pcfrl-maj` majc gcy`r, qul sl h`gpr`gltaø salgprl lb abtlrvlbha`bls tlb
(Nai. 84). _crc kc rllstruhturchaøb fl k`s sudsastlgcs lxastlb falbtls c lvatcr ` rlfuhar k`s h`bnkaht`s. Lk tlrcplutc abtlbtc
guhmcs lstrctliacs p`sadkls, qul flplbflb fl kc h`gp`sahaøb, kuli` cs`hacrsl c kc baóc lxhkuafc, pr`g`valbf` fl lsl g`f`
kc lstrctliac (Nai. 86).

V 7 m
hukturc y lstak` fl kc ncgakac. Xa lk baó` n`rgc pcrtl fl ub @trc lstrctliac p`sadkl rlsafl lb rllstruhturcr c k`s pcfrls
g`flk` trcbschha`bck tlbfalbtl c kc lvatchaøb fl k`s h`bnkah lb ubc h`ckahaøb h`btrc kc baóc qul mc saf` galgdr` fl kc
t`s, pulfl slr h`bvlbalbtl qul lk tlrcplutc kl dk`qull kc rçiafc trçcfc. _`r ljlgpk`, lb kc ncgakac Dr`wb kc pchalbtl
h`bfuhtc mcdatuck lb kcs bli`hacha`bls lbtrl k`s lsp`s`s. Lb aflbtanahcfc, ubc baóc fl falz có`s, nul lbhcgabcfc ck trctc
ub hcs`, p`r ljlgpk`, lb lk qul kc pchalbtl aflbtanahcfc ls galbt` fldaf` c ubc cb`rlxac qul p`bçc lb plkair` su vafc.
ubc baóc fl quabhl có`s cquljcfc p`r vøgat`s fl `railb Lb ubc slsaøb-ckgulrz`, lk tlrcplutc abstruyl ck pcfrl pcrc
psah`s`gãtah`, lk tlrcplutc csugl kc rlsp`bscdakafcf p`r su qul kc mcic h`glr. Lk pcfrl b` k` k`irc y lk tlrcplutc s`ka
sabt`bçc. Lkkc b` fldl fashutark` lb cds`kut` h`b sus pcfrls, hatc c kc gcfrl qul k` mcic, y tcgdaáb nrchcsc. Cgd`s pcfrls
søk` pulfl mcdkcr h`b ák chlrhc suy`. Fl lsl g`f` sl udahc sl salbtlb lbt`bhls flscgpcrcf`s y gcbapukcf`s p`r kc baóc.
h`g` dcrrlrc lbtrl kc baóc y sus pcfrls, lb ubc gcba`drc Lk tlrcplutc kl abtlrprltc lbt`bhls c kc ncgakac qul kc baóc,
qul pr`gulvl su cut`b`gçc y tcgdaáb ncv`rlhl ubc gcy`r qul mc saf` trctcfc p`r k`s pcfrls h`g` ubc baóc fádak, lb
abtagafcf lbtrl k`s høbyuils (Nai. 88). nlrgc, `dlfalbtl, h`btr`kc c sus pcfrls udahãbf`k`s lb ubc
p`sahaøb fl flscgpcr` l abh`gpltlbhac nrlbtl ck tlrcplutc.
K`s pcfrls sl ublb lbt`bhls h`btrc kc baóc lb ubc lstruhturc
qul lk tlrcplutc pulfl rln`rzcr h`g` pcs` mchac lk `djltav`
tlr
tlrcpá
cpáuta
utah`
h` (Na i. 8 <) .

3<>
3<9

lgdcri`, guhm`s tlrcplutcs y ncgakacs lgpklcb có`s pcrc


slrplbtlcr lb kcs ncsls glfacs fl kc tlrcpac fldaf` c qul
mcb plrfaf` lk slbtaf` fl farlhhaøb qul ub gcpc ncgakacr plr-
gatl lxpkahatcr. Hucbf` kcs h`gpkljafcfls fl kc tlrcpac sl
rlfuhlb c kcs f`s faglbsa`bls fl ub gcpc, lxastl ubc halrtc
Lb ub hcs` sagakcr fl cb`rlxac fl ub cf`klshlbtl, kc ncgakac fast`rsaøb. Xab lgdcri`, lk cbãkasas lstruhturck talbl lk gárat`
h`bsaflrc c kc ncktc fl cpltat` flk baó` h`g` ubc rlspulstc fl `ralbtcr lk slbtaf` fl kc tlrcpac h`g` ub pr`hls` faraiaf`
ck ãsplr` cut`ratcrasg` flk pcfrl . Kc gcfrl sl mc ubaf` ck
4
mchac ubc gltc flnabafc.
cf`klshlbtl lb ubc h`ckahaøb tãhatc h`btrc lk pcfrl, qul sl
salbtl lxhkuaf` y hukpcdkl. Lk tlrcplutc abtr`fuhl c ub h`-
tlrcplutc cf`klshlbtl, huyc nubhaøb rlsafl lb cyufcr ck pc _LKAIT@X KCVLBVLX FLK CBÃKAXAX LXVT\HV\TCK
halbtl aflbtanahcf` c v`khcrsl ck gubf` fl sus h`gpcólr`s
fl lfcf. Ck cuglbt` fl kc fastcbhac lbtrl lk baó` y su ncgakac Cubqul ls lnahcz, kc utakazchaøb flk cbãkasas lstruhturck pcrc
sl ch`gpcóc ub chlrhcgalbt` fl kc lsp`sc c su gcraf`. fltlrgabcr `djltav`s tlrcpáutah`s y suilrar lstrctliacs tlrcpáu
Lb k`s flhcs`s
vcralfcf fl tracfcs
lstrctliacs rçiafcs_`rslljlgpk`,
fanlrlbtls. pulfl rlhurrar c ubc
lb ubc ncgakac tahcs,
lk prlslbtc
ralsi` fl b`halrt`s
t`gcr plkair`s
lb hulbtcabmlrlbtls.
lk pr`hls`Lxastl, p`r ljlgpk`,
fl flscrr`kk` ` t`
h`b ub baó` nødah`, kc pr`tlhhaøb fl ástl p`r pcrtl fl kc gc f`s k`s sudsastlgcs p`sadkls fl kc ncgakac. Lxastl tcgdaáb lk
frl flsctc ub ctcqul p`r pcrtl flk pcfrl, qul chlbtúc kc pr` plkair` supklglbtcra` fl cs`hacrsl y cp`ycr søk` c ub sud-
tlhhaøb fl kc gcfrl. Lk tlrcplutc sl cs`hac ck pcfrl, ctchcbf` sastlgc h`btrc k`s `tr`s.
cub gãs abtlbscglbtl ck baó` y dk`qulcbf` kc rlspulstc cu @gasaøb flk pr`hls` fl flscrr`kk`.   Kc `gasaøb
`gasaøb flk pr`hls`
pr`hls`
t`gãtahc fl pr`tlhhaøb p`r pcrtl fl kc gcfrl. Lkk` lstagukc fl flscrr`kk` fl kc ncgakac y fl su lnlht` s`drl kc lstruhturc
ck pcfrl c csugar ubc chtatuf fl pr`tlhhaøb nrlbtl ck baó`, k` ncgakacr h`bstatuyl ub slra` plkair`. \b ljlgpk` lstã h`bs
qul nchakatc kc ubaøb fl k`s høbyuils. Lb `trc abstcbhac, lk tatuaf` p`r lk trcdcj` tlrcpáutah` h`b ubc ncgakac abtlircfc
tlrcplutc pulfl rlhurrar c kc tãhtahc fl lstagukcr kc cs`hac p`r kc gcfrl, ubc majc fl vlabtahabh` có`s, ub maj` fl falha`hm`
haøb lbtrl ub pcfrl lxhlsavcglbtl agpkahcf` y ub maj` mcstc y ubc majc fl falz. Lk pcfrl nckklhaø slas có`s cbtls. \b gls
k`ircr flslquakadrcr lk sastlgc. Xl sushatcrã csç ubc hrasas, k` flspuás flk h`gpr`gas` fl kc majc gcy`r, kc glb`r prlslbtc
qul `dkaicrã c kc ncgakac c flscrr`kkcr ub bulv` tap` fl rls ubc n`dac qul `dkaic c abtlrbcrkc lb ub m`spatck. Vrls slgcbcs
pulstc. @trc táhbahc h`bsastl lb flspkczcr c `tr` galgdr` flspuás, h`galbzc c h`bhurrar c kc lshulkc lb lk m`spatck lb
fl kc ncgakac c kc p`sahaøb flk pchalbtl aflbtanahcf`, h`g` lb lk qul plrgcblhl furcbtl slas glsls. Lb lsl g`glbt`, lk maj`
lk hcs` lb qul lk tlrcplutc sl hlbtrc lb kc pr`gashuafcf fl h`galbzc c fasputcr chrlglbtl h`b su gcfrl, y sl abahac ub
ubc majc gcy`r lb kuicr fl mchlrk` lb lk pr`dklgc qul sl trctcgalbt` fl ncgakac h`b lk maj` y kc gcfrl. Hcfc tlrcplutc
kl prlslbtc fl lvatchaøb fl kc lshulkc p`r pcrtl fl kc majc glb`r. trcdcjc lb kc chtuckafcf h`b ub sudsastlgc, sab h`bsaflrcr
Kc trcbsn`rgchaøb fl kc ncgakac b` ls h`bslhutavc c ubc su rlkchaøb h`b `tr`s sudsastlgcs ` h`bsaflrcr kc lv`kuhaøb fl
úbahc abtlrvlbhaøb tlrcpáutahc sab` qul rlqualrl ubc agpka kc ncgakac lb su t`tckafcf.
hchaøb h`btabuc lb kc farlhhaøb fl kc gltc tlrcpáutahc. Xab Kc cprlmlbsaøb fl kc ncgakac h`g` ub sastlgc g`fanahc lb

3<= 3<1

n`rgc saibanahctavc lstc agcilb. Xl `dslrvc h`b hkcrafcf qul @gasaøb fl ckiub`s sudsastlgcs ncgakacrls.  \b baó` baó` fl
flspuás fl kc gulrtl flk lsp`s`, kc majc gcy`r sl ubaø c su hct`rhl có`s h`galbzc c cpcrtcrsl fl su búhkl` y c chtucr
gcfrl, h`bstatuylbf` ub sastlgc fl cp`y` ck rlkcha`bcrsl lb n`rgc ck`hcfc. Valbl ckuhabcha`bls y mcdkc h`b cbagckls
h`b kc gcfrl lb ub sudsastlgc ljlhutav`. Lstc lstruhturc nub agciabcra`s. Xus pcfrls, ub m`gdrl fl bli`ha`s fl hucrlbtc
ha`bø dalb mcstc qul kc majc gcy`r sl ckljc fl kc ncgakac, c y slas có`s y ub cgc fl hcsc fl hucrlbtc y f`s, k` kklvcb c lb
trcvás fl su h`gpr`gas`. _crc lbnrlbtcr lsc slpcrchaøb ab trlvastcrsl h`b ub psaquactrc qul facib`stahc ubc hrasas ls
gablbtl, kc gcfrl sl ubl lstrlhmcglbtl c kc majc fl falz. quaz`nrábahc. Lsc pr`ib`sas ls gckc, yc qul lk psaquactrc h`b
Lstc rlsp`bfl c kc agprlsaøb fl kc gcfrl fl vlrsl cdcbf` saflrc qul kc satuchaøb flk baó` sl fltlra`rcrã lb gcy`r gl
bcfc ckljãbf`sl flk sastlgc lxtrcncgakacr, qulfãbf`sl lb fafc h`bvartaábf`sl lb ubc lsquaz`nrlbac hrøbahc qul sl
hcsc pcrc rlh`bn`rtcr c su gcfrl. pr`k`bicrã furcbtl t`fc su vafc. Lb lk m`spatck ck qul
Kc slpcrchaøb fl kc majc glb`r p`r pcrtl fl ubc abstcbhac sl h`bfuhl ck baó`, lk psahøk`i` suialrl qul sl trctl c kc nc
qul h`bsaflrc søk` kc h`bfuhtc fl kc baóc, lkagabc tcgdaáb gakac sab m`spatckazcr ck cf`klshlbtl. Kc satuchaøb pcrlhl tcb
`trc nulbtl saibanahctavc fl cp`y` fl kc gcfrl, qul lxplra flslsplrcbtl qul k`s pcfrls y lk psaquactrc chlptcb kc su
glbtc lbt`bhls su tlrhlrc ircb párfafc lb slas có`s. H` ilrlbhac.
galbzc lbt`bhls c rlqulrar ubc gcy`r abtagafcf p`r pcrtl Kc lvckuchaøb flk tlrcplutc lb rlkchaøb h`b kc ncgakac ls
fl su maj`.  C  pcrtar fl lstc gcy`r abtagafcf lbtrl lk maj` kc fl qul kcs abtlrchha`bls flk sudsastlgc h`byuick s`b ls
y kc gcfrl surilb abtlbs`s cbtci`basg`s, yc qul lk maj` hcscs y p`h` irctanahcbtls. H`bslhulbtlglbtl, kc gcfrl y lk
h`galbzc c chlrhcrsl ck glfa` lxtrcncgakacr lb lk pr`hls` cfl baó` talblb ubc rlkchaøb lxhlsavcglbtl abtagc, qul kklvc c
hucf` pcrc su lfcf fl slpcrcrsl y k`ircr cut`b`gçc abfava qul kc flplbflbhac y lk abncbtakasg` flk baó` plrsastcb y c qul
fuck. Lb lnlht`, lstl bulv` pr`dklgc ls actr`iábah`, lk rl sl lxhkuyc ck pcfrl (Nai. 8>).
suktcf` fl kcs abtlrvlbha`bls fl kcs abstatuha`bls. Kc absta
tuhaøb chtuø fl tck g`f` qul abhrlglbtø lk strlss ncgakacr,
lb kuicr fl cpubtckcr c kc gcfrl pcrc h`gplbscr kc párfafc
abgablbtl fl su majc gcy`r. Xa kc ubafcf lstuvalsl h`bstatuafc
p`r gcfrl l maj`s, slrac p`sadkl cyufcr c kc majc glb`r c su
plrcr su p`sahaøb cbøgckc, lvatcr qul lk maj` csugc kc p`sa
haøb cbøgckc hucbf` lkkc sl ckljl y cm`rrcr guhm` f`k`r Kc lstrctliac tlrcpáutahc h`bsastl lb trcdcjcr h`b k`s cfuk
c kc ncgakac. t`s pcrc abhrlglbtcr kcs trcbschha`bls lbtrl gcraf` y gujlr.
Lstc hliulrc cbtl kc saibanahchaøb fl kc h`gpklglbtcrafcf Hucbf` lk baó` pcrtahapc lb slsa`bls ncgakacrls h`b `dslrvc
fl k`s galgdr`s lb ub sastlgc ncgakacr ls tçpahc fl ub lb ha`bls cpcrlbtlglbtl b` rlkcha`bcfcs h`b kc satuchaøb, lk
n`qul abfavafuck flk trctcgalbt`. _lr` ub tlrcplutc h`b ubc tlrcplutc b` kl rlsp`bfl. Vcgdaáb kl suialrl c k`s pcfrls
h`bhlphaøb dcscfc lb k`s sastlgcs tcgdaáb pulfl slr f`ga qul b` rlsp`bfcb ck baó` hucbf` rlckahl flhkcrcha`bls fl
bcf` p`r kc gasgc hliulrc sa, lb su trcdcj` h`b ub sudsastlgc, bcturcklzc psahøtahc. H`bvlbhl c k`s pcfrls pcrc qul sckicb
aib`rc lk agpcht` qul sus abtlrvlbha`bls pulflb tlblr lb ubc b`hml p`r slgcbc sab su maj`, cki` qul b` mcb mlhm`
k`s `tr`s. flsfl mchl guhm`s có`s (Nai. 89).

3>? 3>3

 Cs`hacha
 Cs`h achaøb
øb y cp`
cp`y`
y` c uub
b s`k` sudsastlgc..  @tr` ljlgpk` flk
sudsastlgc
ralsi` fl aib`rcr pcrtls fl ub sastlgc k` pr`p`rha`bc ubc nc
Lb su praglrc sckafc s`k`s, ck rlirlscr c su hcsc k`s pc gakac abtlircfc p`r lk gcraf`, kc lsp`sc y huctr` maj`s ‖f`s
frls h`gpruldcb qul lk baó` mc flsicrrcf` sus r`pcs h`b vcr`bls, fl vlabtaub` y falha`hm` có`s, y f`s gujlrls fl falha
ubc bcvcjc. Lk tlrcplutc abtlrprltc lstl mlhm` h`g` rlspulstc sáas y f`hl‖. Lk maj` gcy`r cdcbf`bø lk m`icr ub có` cbtls
flk sastlgc cbtl lk hcgda`. Fahl c k`s pcfrls qul sl trctc fl pcrc ubarsl c ub irup` mappal. H`glbzø ubc rlkchaøb lstcdkl
ub saib` p`satav`: lstãb glj`rcbf` y su glj`rçc sl gc h`b ubc j`vlb y sl flfahø c nugcr gcramucbc y lxplraglbtcr
banlstcrã c trcvás fl ubc chlbtuchaøb fl k`s sçbt`gcs flk h`b KXF
 KXF y vlmçhuk`s vlk`hls. Nul flvulkt` c su m`icr h`b p`s
baó`. Lb kc saiualbtl `p`rtubafcf lb qul scklb, lk baó` i`kplc tlra`rafcf c ubc m`spatckazchaøb fl ák y su b`vac `raiabcfc lb
ubc vlbtcbc, r`gpaábf`kc y h`rtãbf`sl kc guólhc, y kuli` hc ubc psah`sas tøxahc. Lb kc ncgakac, ls ub nargl kçflr flk sud-
gabc flsbuf` p`r kcs hckkls. Lsc b`hml k`s pcfrls k` h`bfuhlb irup` nrctlrb` y flscnçc kc cut`rafcf fl sus pcfrls, lsplhack
c ub m`spatck, y lk psaquactrc ch`bsljc m`spatckazcrk`. \bc vlz glbtl flk pcfrl. Lb ckiubcs `hcsa`bls kc gcfrl sl ubl c k`s
gãs, sab lgdcri`, lk tlrcplutc h`bvlbhl c k`s pcfrls fl qul maj`s h`btrc lk pcfrl, quljãbf`sl p`r su chtatuf cut`ratcrac.
sl trctc fl ubc rlspulstc c su gcy`r abtagafcf, h`bn`rgl ck Kc tlrcplutc, ubc j`vlb s`ktlrc, salbtl qul k`s pcfrls, lb
pkcb tlrcpáutah`. pcrtahukcr lk pcfrl, b` kl `t`ricb c k`s maj`s kc cut`b`gçc
Ls p`sadkl qul kc lvckuchaøb fl kc fabãgahc ncgakacr p`r pcrtl blhlscrac y cflhucfc qul rlqualrlb k`s cf`klshlbtls. H`bsa
flk tlrcplutc slc h`rrlhtc, plr` sus abtlrvlbha`bls s`b abblhl flrc qul k`s maj`s kuhmcb p`r su kadlrtcf cbtl pcfrls lxhlsa
scracglbtl va`klbtcs y p`sadklglbtl plkair`scs. Lk trctcgalbt` vcglbtl rçiaf`s, y sl cs`hac lstrlhmcglbtl ck sudirup` nrc
fl sastlgcs lb k`s qul sl talbl lb hulbtc søk` ub sudsastlgc ls tlrb`. H`g` h`bslhulbhac fl lkk`, lk pcfrl abtlbsanahc sus
nrlhulbtl, sab lgdcri`, kc aib`rcbhac t`tck fl k`s `tr`s sud chtatufls fl h`btr`k y su lnahchac flhrlhl lb n`rgc pr`p`rha`
sastlgcs ls abflslcdkl, cbtalh`bøgahc y lb ckiub`s hcs`s átahc bck. Kc lsp`sc sl salbtl ctrcpcfc lbtrl su gcraf`, cm`rc gãs
` mugcbcglbtl abh`rrlhtc. Lb lstl hcs`, lk tlrcplutc mudalsl lxailbtl y flscgpcrcf`, y k`s maj`s, qul fasp`blb cm`rc flk
p`faf` rlckazcr slsa`bls h`b lk pcfrl y lk maj` lb kcs qul kc abtlbs` cp`y` fl kc tlrcplutc (Nai. 81).
gcfrl sl lbh`btrcsl prlslbtl cubqul sab pcrtahapcr. Vcgdaáb
mudalsl p`faf` rlckazcr slsa`bls h`b lk maj` s`k`, prl`hupãb
f`sl p`r ák l abtlirãbf`k` c kc tlrcpac. Lsc h`bsaflrchaøb flk
baó` h`g` abfavafu` sunralbtl, y b` h`g` ub galgdr` flk sas
tlgc qul rlsp`bfl c k`s abtlbt`s fl rllstruhturchaøb h`b rl
hurs`s cbtatlrcpáutah`s tlbfalbtls c kc h`bslrvchaøb flk sastl
gc, mudalsl rlckzcf` kc satuchaøb t`tck flk trctcgalbt` sab
rltrcscr lk pr`irls` mchac kc gltc (Nai.  8=).
Lb lstl hcs`, kc abtr`fuhhaøb flk tlrcplutc chrlhalbtc lk strlss
lb ub sastlgc yc rçiaf`. Lkk` fltlrgabc qul kc hrastckazchaøb
y kc raiaflz fl kcs trcbschha`bls sl abhrlglbtlb. Lk kçgatl flk
sudsastlgc nrctlrb` sl raiafanahc mcstc ub pubt` tck qul k`s

3>4 3>8

pcfrls yc b` pulflb ljlrhlr su nubhaøb fl s`hackazchaøb. Xa kc ^A


tlrcplutc mudalsl cp`ycf` c k`s pcfrls lb sus rlqulragalbt`s
fl rlsplt` p`r pcrtl fl sus maj`s, mudalsl p`faf`, tcgdaáb,  KC NCGAKAC
NCG AKAC LB VLTC_AC
VLTC _AC
s`kahatcr
Mcdkcbf`c lk
k`sklbiucjl
pcfrls qul
fl kcrlspltlb k`s flrlhm`s
rlsp`bscdakafcf lb lkflsudsastlgc
k`s baó`s.
pcrlbtck y lk klbiucjl fl k`s flrlhm`s lb lk sudsastlgc nrc
tlrb`, mudalsl p`faf` chtucr h`g` ub pulbtl lbtrl k`s sud
sastlgcs (Nai. 6?).

_`r k` ilblrck, k` qul h`bfuhl c ubc ncgakac c tlrcpac s`b


k`s sçbt`gcs fl ub` fl sus galgdr`s. Xl trctc flk pchalbtl
Lk tlrcplutc pulfl cs`hacrsl c ub sastlgc pcrc `dslrvcr aflbtanahcf`, ck qul kc ncgakac rudrahc h`g` "lk qul talbl pr`
høg` rlsp`bfl lk sastlgc lb su t`tckafcf. Lstc ls ubc pcrtl dklgcs" ` "lk qul ls lk pr`dklgc". _lr` hucbf` ubc ncgakac
lslbhack flk pr`hls` fl facibøstah` fl ubarsl c ubc ncgakac y cpkahc c ub` fl sus galgdr`s kc ltaqultc fl "pchalbtl", ls
h`b`hlrkc. _lr` gcbtlblrsl lb lstc p`sahaøb mcstc lk pubt` p`sadkl h`bsaflrcr c k`s sçbt`gcs flk pchalbtl aflbtanahcf` h`
fl hrastckazcr ubc `ricbazchaøb fasnubha`bck, h`bstatuyl ub cht` g` ub rlhurs` pcrc gcbtlblr lk sastlgc ` gcbtlbaf` p`r lk
fl hliulrc. Lstl ralsi` fl kc tlrcpac lstruhturck fl ncgakac sastlgc. Lk sastlgc pulfl h`bstatuar ubc lxprlsaøb fl ubc
pulfl lvatcrsl sa lk tlrcplutc sl ch`g`fc ck sastlgc ncgakacr fasnubhaøb ncgakacr. @, sab`, pulfl mcdlr saf` sushatcf` lb lk
mcstc ub pubt` qul kl plrgatc lxplraglbtcr y lvckucr lk strlss galgdr` abfavafuck fl kc ncgakac fldaf` c sus h`bfaha`bls fl
y lk f`k`r lxplraglbtcf` p`r k`s galgdr`s fl kc ncgakac.
vafc pcrtahukcrls
kacr. Lb y, kuli`,
cgd`s hcs`s, slr cp`ycf`
lk h`bslbs` fl kcp`rncgakac
lk sastlgc ncga
fl qul ub
galgdr` ls lk pr`dklgc slóckc qul lb ckiúb bavlk lk sçbt`gc
ls rln`rzcf` p`r lk sastlgc.
H`g` sastlgc s`ha`hukturck cdalrt`, kc ncgakac lbnrlbtc h`bs
tcbtlglbtl rlqulragalbt`s fl hcgda`. Lst`s rlqulragalbt`s
s`b abfuhaf`s p`r hcgda`s da`psah`s`hackls lb ub` ø vcra`s fl
sus galgdr`s y p`r favlrs`s lstçguk`s pr`vlbalbtls flk sastl
gc s`hack lb lk qul kc ncgakac lstã abhkuafc. \bc ncgakac fas
nubha`bck ls ub sastlgc qul mc rlsp`bfaf` c lst`s rlqul
ragalbt`s abtlrb`s ` lxtlrb`s fl hcgda` lstlrl`tapcbf` su

3>6 3><

gakac y flscrr`kkcr `djltav`s tlrcpáutah`s dcscf`s lb lsc lvc


nubha`bcgalbt`. C k`s rlqulragalbt`s fl hcgda` sl kls mc
h`btrcpulst` ubc rlanahchaøb fl kc lstruhturc ncgakacr. Kcs pcu kuchaøb. Q fldl abtlrvlbar fl g`f` tck qul nchakatl kc trcbs
tcs trcbschha`bckls mcdatuckls sl mcb prlslrvcf` mcstc ub kç n`rgchaøb flk sastlgc ncgakacr lb kc farlhhaøb fl ls`s `d
gatl fl raiaflz, qul dk`qulc t`fc p`sadakafcf fl cktlrbctavcs.  jltav`s.
 jltav`s. Kc gltc fl su abtlrvlb
abtlrvlbhaøb
haøb ls kc ncga
ncgakac.
kac. Cubq
Cubqul
ul b`
Kc slklhhaøb fl ubc plrs`bc h`g` pr`dklgc h`bstatuyl ub fldl aib`rcr c k`s abfavafu`s, lk tlrcplutc sl `hupc s`drl
sagpkl gát`f` pcrc gcbtlblr ubc lstruhturc ncgakacr rçiafc, t`f` fl rlckzcr lk nubha`bcgalbt` flk sastlgc ncgakacr. Kc
abcflhucfc. ncgakac slrã kc gctraz fl kc hurchaøb y flk hrlhagalbt` fl
Kc nubhaøb flk tlrcplutc fl ncgakac h`bsastl lb cyufcr ck sus galgdr`s. Kc rlsp`bscdakafcf fl su k`ir` ` flk nrchcs` lb
pchalbtl aflbtanahcf` y c kc ncgakac, nchakatcbf` kc trcbsn`rgc rlkchaøb h`b lkk`, kl h`rrlsp`bfl ck tlrcplutc.
haøb flk sastlgc ncgakacr. Lstl pr`hls` abhkuyl trls pcs`s nub
fcglbtckls. Lk tlrcplutc sl cs`hac c kc ncgakac lb ubc p`sa
haøb fl kaflrczi`. Xchc c kc kuz y lvckúc kc lstruhturc ncgakacr FLXLS\AKADTA@ LB KCX VTCBXN@TGCHA@BLX
sudychlbtl. Hrlc harhubstcbhacs qul plrgatarãb kc trcbsn`rgc
haøb fl lstc lstruhturc. Lb kc tlrcpac tck h`g` sl flscrr`kkc _crc trcbsn`rgcr lk sastlgc ncgakacr, lk tlrcplutc fldl ab
lst`s pcs`s s`b abslpcrcdkls. tlrvlbark`s
slóckø fl ralsi`s
tck g`f`
fl qul flslquakadrl
h`bstatuar lk sastlgc.
ubc cs`hachaøb Jcy Mckly
lstrlhmc h`b
H`g` h`bslhulbhac fl kc tlrcpac, kc ncgakac sl trcbsn`rgc.
Xl pr`fuhlb hcgda`s lb lk h`bjubt` fl lxplhtctavcs qul i` ub galgdr` fl kc ncgakac, slóckcbf` qul sa lk tlrcplutc n`r
dalrbcb c kc h`bfuhtc fl sus galgdr`s. Lstc trcbsn`rgchaøb gc ubc h`ckahaøb h`b ub høbyuil h`btrc lk `tr` lb ubc sl
ls saibanahctavc pcrc t`f`s k`s galgdr`s fl kc ncgakac, pcr saøb pcrtahukcr, fldl rlpcrcrk` pr`bt` y rlh`bstatuar lk lqua
tahukcrglbtl pcrc lk pchalbtl aflbtanahcf`, qul ls kadlrcf` fl kadra` ubaábf`sl ` ckaãbf`sl h`b lk `tr` . Lb ckiub`s hcs`s,
3

su p`sahaøb cbøgckc. lstl tap` fl táhbahc fl h`gplbschaøb pulfl slr útak, yc qul
lk tlrcplutc pulfl abhrlglbtcr kc nklxadakafcf fl kc ncgakac
Lb tlrcpac ncgakacr, kc trcbsn`rgchaøb fl lstruhturc ls fl y su hcpchafcf fl suplrcr sus h`bnkaht`s cyufãbf`kc c ckhcb
nabafc lb tárgab`s fl hcgda`s lb kc p`sahaøb gutuc fl k`s zcr lk lquakadra`. Lb `tr`s, sab lgdcri`, kcs táhbahcs fl h`g
galgdr`s fl kc ncgakac, h`b ubc g`fanahchaøb h`bslhulbtl fl plbschaøb b` mchlb gãs qul hrastckazcr kc raiaflz fl kc ncgakac.
sus rlqulragalbt`s h`gpklglbtcra`s. Cubqul k`s tárgab`s hcg
da` y trcbsn`rgchaøb s`b sagakcrls, lb lstl h`btlxt` plrtlbl _`r ljlgpk`, ub tlrcplutc, T`bckf Kaldgcb, trcdcjc h`b ubc
hlb c ircgãtahcs fanlrlbtls. Lb tlrcpac ncgakacr, kc trcbsn`r ncgakac rçiafcglbtl pct`iábahc, lb kc huck kc úbahc majc, ubc
gchaøb, ` kc rllstruhturchaøb flk sastlgc ncgakacr h`bfuhl ck baóc fl hct`rhl có`s, h`b cb`rlxac blrva`sc, ls lk pchalbtl
hcgda`, ` c ubc bulvc lxplralbhac flk abfavafu`. _`r k` il aflbtanahcf`. Lk gcpc qul lkcd`rc'lk tlrcplutc chlrhc fl kc
blrck kc trcbsn`rgchaøb b` hcgdac kc h`gp`sahaøb fl kc ncga ncgakac rlnkljc ubc rlkchaøb lxhlsavcglbtl lstrlhmc lbtrl kc
kac. Lk hcgda` sl pr`fuhl lb kcs sabcpsas, lk g`f` lb qul majc  y  kc gcfrl. Lk gcraf` y   kc cdulkc gctlrbc sl lbhulbtrcb
ckiubcs plrs`bcs sl rlkcha`bcb lbtrl sa. ubaf`s lb ubc h`ckahaøb qul caskc c kc gcfrl lb lk abtlra`r flk
Hucbf` lk tlrcplutc sl cs`hac c kc ncgakac, csugl lk kafl sudsastlgc cfukt`. Kc úbahc p`sadakafcf fl kc gcfrl fl ck
rczi` flk sastlgc tlrcpáutah`. Lstl kaflrczi` agpkahc rlsp`b hcbzcr lnahalbhac  y  h`gpltlbhac rlsafl lb su rlkchaøb h`b su
scdakafcf lb k` qul `hurrl. Lk tlrcplutc fldl lvckucr kc nc majc. Lk `djltav` flk tlrcplutc h`bsastl lb hrlcr fastcbhac lb-

k`* 3>9

trl kc gcfrl y kc majc y lb flnabar ub kçgatl ckrlflf`r flk dr`s fl kc ncgakac. Lb ub g`glbt` trcbsaha`bck pcrtahukcr fl
sudsastlgc h`byuick qul plrgatarã kadlrcr c kc baóc y c kc kc tlrcpac, lk pr`hls` pcrlhlrã pcrhack. Cpcrlbtlglbtl, lk tl
gcfrl fl sus p`saha`bls cbøgckcs. rcplutc aib`rcrã kc h`gpkljafcf fl kc fabãgahc abfavafuck, l
Lk tlrcplutc kl susurrc c kc baóc: "Fakl c tu gcfrl qul b` abhkus`, pulfl pcrlhlr abslbsadkl cbtl kcs blhlsafcfls fl k`s
tl qualrl k` sunahalbtl y qul ls p`r ls` qul pcrlhls ub ls galgdr`s abfavafuckls fl kc ncgakac. Xab lgdcri`, lk pr`hls`
pcbtcpãjcr`s". Kc baóc, qul dushc lk cp`y` flk tlrcplutc, `dl t`tck fl tlrcpac rlvlkcrã qul lk tlrcplutc gcbtalbl ub slb
flhl. \b tlrcplutc `ralbtcf` lb farlhhaøb flk abfavafu` huls taf` fl h`btcht` h`b k`s galgdr`s fl kc ncgakac fl tck g`f`
ta`bcrçc lstl tap` fl abtlrvlbhaøb. Fldaf` c qul lk tlrcplutc qul ást`s k` saiulb cubqul k` h`bsaflrlb p`h` lquatctav`. Lk
ncgakacr lstagukc c kc baóc c ubc chtatuf cdalrtcglbtl cirlsavc tlrcplutc fldl prlstcr ctlbhaøb c kc fabãgahc fl k`s galg
h`btrc su gcfrl, fl kc qul flplbfl lb n`rgc pct`køiahc, lk dr`s fl kc ncgakac, cp`yãbf`k`s y rln`rzcbf` ckiub`s csplht`s
tlrcplutc `ralbtcf` c k` abfavafuck sl abqualtcrçc pr`dcdkl fl su plrs`bckafcf cubqul k`s flshckanaqul lb `trcs ãrlcs.
glbtl chlrhc flk ablvatcdkl slbtagalbt` fl hukpc fl kc baóc. V`f` tlrcplutc qul b` tlbic kc hcpchafcf fl pr`p`rha`bcr
H`bsaflrcrçc tcgdaáb qul b` lxprlsc su høklrc abh`bshalbtl c kc ncgakac ub abtlbs` slbtaf` fl rlsplt` pcrc hcfc ub` fl
lb n`rgc cdalrtc sab`, sagpklglbtl, rlpatalbf` kcs pckcdrcs lkk`s h`g` abfavafu`s y fl flg`strcrkls su nargl v`kubtcf fl
flk tlrcplutc. Kc chuschaøb c kc gcfrl p`r k`s sçbt`gcs fl hurc, plrflrã c kc ncgakac lb lk pr`hls` fl trcbsn`rgchaøb.
kc majc slrçc h`bsaflrcfc pr`dcdklglbtl p`r ák h`g` ubc ga- Lb lk pr`hls` fl rupturc flk lquakadra` kc h`bnacbzc fl kc
bagazchaøb fl kc rlsp`bscdakafcf fl kc baóc p`r sus pr`pacs ncgakac lb lk tlrcplutc ls lxtrlgcfcglbtl agp`rtcbtl. Hucb
chha`bls y h`g` ub cp`y` c kc flplbflbhac gutuc fl kc gc f` lk tlrcplutc flslquakadrc ub sastlgc ncgakacr ck cs`hacrsl
frl y kc majc. Nabckglbtl, lstagcrçc qul kc tãhtahc rlspltc p`h` h`b ub galgdr`, k`s `tr`s galgdr`s lxplraglbtcb ub strlss.
c kc gcfrl, qul ls s`hcvcfc p`r su gcraf` y su pr`pac gcfrl. Xu rlspulstc pulfl slr kc fl absastar lb kc h`bslrvchaøb flk
Fl lstl g`f`, sab lgdcri`, lk tlrcplutc fl ncgakac rlckazc sastlgc. Lk tlrcplutc fldl h`btrcrrlstcrk` abhatcbf` c k`s
ub pcs` lb farlhhaøb flk `djltav` tlrcpáutah`. Kc úbahc p`sada galgdr`s fl kc ncgakac lb kc farlhhaøb fl k`s `djltav`s tlrc
kafcf fl glj`rçc fl lstc ncgakac rlsafl lb kc hrlchaøb fl fas páutah`s galbtrcs s`p`rtcb kcs abhlrtafugdrls flk plrç`f` fl
tcbhac lbtrl kc gcfrl y kc majc. Kcs tãhtahcs flk tlrcplutc trcbsahaøb. Lstl g`vagalbt` ls nchakatcf` p`r kc h`gprlbsaøb
y cp`y` flk tlrcplutc y p`r su h`bnargchaøb fl kcs blhlsafc
talbflb caflbtanahcf`
pchalbtl slpcrcrkcs. _`r k` tcbt`,
h`btrc n`rgc
kc gcfrl. Xuubc h`ckahaøb r`gpl
abtlrvlbhaøb h`b lk fls lxplraglbtcfcs p`r k`s galgdr`s fl kc ncgakac.
lk lquakadra` fl k`s huctr` galgdr`s fl kc ncgakac. C kc gcfrl, Kc n`rgc lb qul lk tlrcplutc usc c su plrs`bc lb su cp`y`
pravcfc fl kc flshcric qul rlckazcdc c trcvás fl su majc y c k`s galgdr`s fl kc ncgakac h`bstatuyl ub rlhurs` pcrtahu
strhsscfc cúb lb gcy`r glfafc p`r kcs hrçtahcs flk tlrcplutc kcrglbtl agp`rtcbtl lb lk trcdcj` h`b ncgakacs pct`køiahc
søk` kl qulfc kc cktlrbctavc fl cuglbtcr sus rlqulragalbt`s glbtl cikutabcfcs. Lb t`fcs kcs ncgakacs cikutabcfcs, k`s pr`
rlnlraf`s c su gcraf`. Kc pr`xagafcf lbtrl gcraf` y gujlr hls`s fl fanlrlbhachaøb s`b flscklbtcf`s. C bavlk pct`køiah`,
plrgatarã slpcrcr c kc gcfrl fl su majc y kadlrcrkcs fl sus kc ncktc fl fanlrlbhachaøb fl kc ncgakac fltlrgabc qul t`fc
p`saha`bls arrliukcrls. slpcrchaøb fl su slb` slc vavafc h`g` ub cht` fl trcahaøb.
Lxastl kc p`sadakafcf fl qul lk tlrcplutc fl `ralbtchaøb Lk slbtaf` fl plrtlblbhac f`gabc kc lxplralbhac vavlbhack, c
lstruhturck slc plrhadaf` h`g` p`h` lquatctav` p`r k`s galg- lxplbscs fl kc lxplralbhac fl slpcrchaøb fl sus galgdr`s. Ck

3>= 3>1

abh`rp`rcrsl c lstc satuchaøb, lk tlrcplutc chtúc pcrc flskab lb lk slb` fl kc ncgakac y su ch`g`fcgalbt` c ástl pulflb
fcr k`s harhuat`s psah`køiah`s l abtlrchha`bckls. _lr` sa ab slr útakls lb sç gasg`s, plr` ls p`sadkl qul b` salgprl h`ab
tlbtc slpcrcr c ub galgdr` flk sastlgc ncgakacr, h`gpr`dcrã hafcb h`b k`s `djltav`s tlrcpáutah`s. Kc suhhaøb flk sastlgc
qul lk sastlgc ctrcl h`b gcy`r nulrzc qul kc suyc. Ls agp` pulfl ctrclr ck tlrcplutc c ubc p`sahaøb h`btrcabfahcfc. _`r
sadkl kadlrcr c ub galgdr` flk sastlgc c glb`s qul ck gasg` ljlgpk`, ubc ncgakac abahac ubc tlrcpac fldaf` c qul lk gc
talgp` sl h`gpr`gltc lb ub bavlk fanlrlbtl. _`r ljlgpk`, sa raf` 'pcflhl fl jcqulhcs. Lk sl salbtl cvlri`bzcf` p`r sus
ub baó`, h`g` pcrtl fl ubc trçcfc rçiafc, sl lbhulbtrc ag `rçilbls mugakfls, yc qul mc saf` lk praglr` fl su ncgakac
pkahcf` lb ircb glfafc lb k` qul h`bhalrbl ck sudsastlgc qul hursø lstufa`s ubavlrsatcra`s. Xl hcsø h`b ubc gujlr c
h`byuick l abtagcglbtl ckacf` h`b ub` fl sus pcfrls, ub huyc ncgakac cfgarcdc p`r sus k`ir`s abtlklhtuckls, y talbl ub
`djltav` tlrcpáutah` p`frçc h`bsastar lb dk`qulcr kcs pcutcs lklvcf` rlsplt` p`r kcs `paba`bls fl su lsp`sc. Lkkc ls qualb
trcbschha`bckls rçiafcs lvatcbf` csç kc utakazchaøb flk baó` lstcdklhl kcs rlikcs, ák sl ch`g`fc y rlgatl c lkkc.
y lk rlnulrz` fl sus sçbt`gcs. \bc tãhtahc, qul tcgdaáb ls Lb lstl hcs`, lk `djltav` tlrcpáutah` h`bsastl lb g`fanahcr
ub `djltav` lb sç gasg`, h`bsastarçc lb abtlircr ck baó` lb ubc kcs p`saha`bls fl p`flr rlkctavcs fl k`s høbyuils, trcbsn`rgcb
p`sahaøb irctanahcbtl lb lk sudsastlgc nrctlrb`. f` kc lstruhturc ncgakacr fl tck g`f` qul lk m`gdrl glj`rl
Lb ckiubcs `hcsa`bls lk lbtrlkczcgalbt` fl slpcrchaøb l ab su
y slstctus,
rlspltl`dtlbic ub gcy`r
c sç gasg`. rlsplt`
H`b lstl p`rtlrcplutc,
nab. lk pcrtl fllbsukcsgujlr
pra
tlirchaøb ls nchtadkl lb lk slb` fl kc ncgakac. _`r ljlgpk`,
hucbf` ub baó` sl lbhulbtrc lb pr`hls` fl slpcrchaøb fl ubc glrcs slsa`bls, sl ubl ck m`gdrl, cp`yãbf`k` y lb ckiub`s
trçcfc rçiafc y fl abtlirchaøb ck sudsastlgc nrctlrb`, lk kçgatl hcs`s, n`rgcbf` h`b ák ubc h`ckahaøb qul csugl ubc p`sahaøb
ckrlflf`r flk sudsastlgc h`byuick pulfl slr h`bs`kafcf` pcrc hrçtahc nrlbtl c kc lsp`sc.
n`glbtcr kc ubaøb lbtrl k`s lsp`s`s. Lb `trcs `hcsa`bls, lk Flspuás fl huctr` slsa`bls, kc lsp`sc kkcgc y slóckc qul
tlrcplutc pulfl vlrsl `dkaicf` c rlhurrar c su plrs`bc pcrc qualrl ubc slsaøb abfavafuck. H`bsaflrc lb lsl g`glbt` kc
nchakatcr lk flsprlbfagalbt` fl kc ncgakac. Ls p`sadkl tcgdaáb p`sadakafcf fl tlblr ub cnncarl plr` b` qualrl mlrar c su gc
abtr`fuhar lklglbt`s lxtrcncgakacrls lb lk sastlgc, p`r ljlgpk` raf` prlslbtcbf` lstl gctlrack lb ubc slsaøb h`bjubtc. Hucbf`
lstagukcbf` c kc gcfrl c lbh`btrcr ub trcdcj` qul kl pr` lk tlrcplutc kc vl lb ubc slsaøb abfavafuck, lkkc kl fahl, cub
p`rha`bl sctasnchha`bls nulrc fl su ncgakac, ` abtr`fuhalbf` qul b` lb n`rgc lxpkçhatc, qul ák ls lk m`gdrl h`b lk qul
h`g` "h`tlrcplutc" c ub h`gpcólr` cf`klshlbtl pcrc nchaka qualrl tlblr lk cnncarl. Lk tlrcplutc palbsc qul, h`g` cbckas
tcr lk g`vagalbt` fl ckljcgalbt` fl ub cf`klshlbtl lb fa tc, mudalsl p`faf` abtlrprltcr k`s slbtagalbt`s fl kc gujlr
rlhhaøb flk gubf` fl sus aiuckls. h`g` ub nlbøglb` trcbsnlrlbhac!, ` h`g` rlsastlbhac c kc tl
Lk tlrcplutc fldl h`btr`kcr lk agpcht` fl kc tlrcpac y fl rcpac. _lr` h`g` tlrcplutc lstruhturck fl ncgakac b` pulfl
kcs harhubstcbhacs fl kc vafc s`drl kc ncgakac y lstcr fas rlhurrar c lsc nørgukc. Lbnrlbtc f`s pr`dklgcs. Lb praglr
pulst` c pr`p`rha`bcr cyufc. Lk hcgda` c trcvás fl kc tlrcpac, kuicr, °høg` pulfl cyufcr c kc gujlr c cdcbf`bcr kc slsaøb
ck aiuck qul t`f` `tr` hcgda` fl kc ncgakac, sl ch`gpcóc h`b sab ubc párfafc fl cut`lstagc, pcrc b` `dstchukazcr kc tlrc
tlbsaøb, y lk sastlgc tlrcpáutah` fldl slr hcpcz fl gcbljcr pac0 Lb sliubf` kuicr, °quá mc mlhm` lb kcs slsa`bls cbtl
lstcs harhubstcbhacs. ra`rls pcrc rldcjcr c su gcraf` cbtl lk tlrcplutc, y quá
Lk flslquakadra` pr`fuhaf` p`r kc abtr`fuhhaøb flk tlrcplutc pulfl mchlr ák pcrc rlpcrcrk`0

39? 393

Lk tlrcplutc kl fahl c kc gujlr qul garl ub hucfr` cds c vavar h`b ák y su bulvc ncgakac. Kc ncgakac chufl c tlrcpac
trcht` qul sl lbhulbtrc lb kc pcrlf fl su h`bsukt`ra` y qul fldaf` c kc maplrslbsadakafcf fl su majc, c sus chhls`s fl ira
agciabl qul sl lbhulbtrc h`b lk m`gdrl ck qul qualrl h`g` t`s y c su agprlsaøb fl qul b` sl kc cgc.
cgcbtl. Hucbf` lkkc flshradl sus ncbtcsçcs, ák kl fahl qul s`b Kc sliubfc lsp`sc, f`s có`s gcy`r qul su gcraf`, talbl
guy agprlhascs. Xus flshrapha`bls flk m`gdrl, kl fahl, s`b ubc hcpchafcf kagatcfc pcrc lxprlscr sus slbtagalbt`s. Fls
tcb ik`dckls y hcrlbtls fl prlhasaøb qul ls `dva` qul lb ubc puás fl ubc slsaøb lb kc qul pcrtahapø h`g` `dslrvcf`r, ub
rlkchaøb slxuck h`b ák sl cduscrçc, ablvatcdklglbtl, fl lkkc. tlrcplutc fl `ralbtchaøb abfavafuck h`glbtc su prl`hupchaøb
Abfarlhtcglbtl, lstc abtlrvlbhaøb rlprlslbtc ub ctcqul h`b chlrhc fl kc cnlhtavafcf abmadafc fl kc gcfrcstrc. Lstagc qul
trc kc gujlr lb favlrs`s g`f`s. H`g` chtraz, kl flscircfc kc pchalbtl aflbtanahcfc, plsl c su kcdakafcf, fc gulstrcs fl
qul sl hckanaqul c sus ncbtcsçcs h`g` agprlhascs. H`g` cd` ubc ircb cklirçc fl vavar, qul p`frçc slr flscrr`kkcfc lb
icfc flk g`vagalbt` fl kadlrchaøb nlglbab`, rlchha`bc h`b tlrcpac y qul kc gcfrcstrc p`frçc flscklbtcr.
nulrzc cbtl lk pkcbtl` fl qul dushc ubc rlkchaøb lb kc qul Lk tlrcplutc fl ncgakac rlpkahc qul, sa tuvalsl qul dushcr
sl kc lxpk`tcrçc. Cdcbf`bc lk h`bsukt`ra` lbnurlhafc y flsaku ubc gcfrcstrc pcrc kc majc fl ubc gujlr gcbçch`-flprlsavc,
sa`bcfc p`r kc abslbsadakafcf y t`rplzc flk cbckastc, plr` fas abtlbtcrçc lbh`btrcr ubc gujlr cnlhtavcglbtl p`h` flg`strc
pulstc c pr`sliuar kc tlrcpac h`b su gcraf`. Kuli`, kl rlkctc tavc. Fl chulrf` h`b su lvckuchaøb fl kc satuchaøb, kc ncgakac
ck gcraf` k` `hurraf` lb kc slsaøb, cubqul sab flharkl qul lk lbnrlbtc pr`dklgcs trcbsaha`bckls: ubc ncgakac fl trls galg
hlrcplutc lrc lk cgcbtl qul dushcdc. Lb kc slsaøb saiualbtl dr`s fldl abh`rp`rcr f`s bulv`s galgdr`s y h`bvlrtarsl lb
h`b kc pcrljc, lk tlrcplutc trctc ck m`gdrl h`b sug` rlsplt`, ubc ncgakac fl habh` galgdr`s. K`s pr`dklgcs h`bslhulbtls
h`bhlbtrãbf`sl lb sus gcbanlstcha`bls y prlstcbf` ircb ctlb fl ch`g`fcgalbt` gutu` y fl hcgda` lb kc lstruhturc k`s
haøb c k` qul ák fahl. Cirlfl c kc gujlr fl tck g`f` qul lk mcb kklvcf` c tlrcpac.
gcraf` chufl lb su flnlbsc y cirlfl ck tlrcplutc, k` qul
cyufc c g`fanahcr lk slsi` fl kcs slsa`bls cbtlra`rls. K`s Lk pcfrl abtlbtc chtucr h`g` cg`rtaiucf`r pcrc pr`tlilr
høbyuils sl mcb ubaf` cm`rc lb ubc h`ckahaøb h`btrc lk tl c su lsp`sc fl su majc. Xl vl lbvulkt` lb kuhmcs fl p`flr h`b
kc majc, fl kcs qul kc gcfrcstrc lstã lxhkuafc. Lst`s h`bnkaht`s
rcplutc. Lb lstc h`ckahaøb, `hupcb ubc p`sahaøb fl aiuckfcf,
k` qul plrgatl hrlcr ub sastlgc tlrcpáutah` dcscf` lb kc cuglbtcb sab rls`kvlrsl, lbnurlhalbf` y nrustrcbf` c kc vlz
h``plrchaøb fl aiuckls. ck pcfrl y c kc majc. Lk pcfrl, qul lbnrlbtø guhm`s h`bnkaht`s
sagakcrls h`b su praglrc lsp`sc, kl fahl c kc majc qul sl pc
rlhl flgcsacf` c su gcfrl. Gcbanalstc su prl`hupchaøb fl
qul tlrgabl p`r hclr lb kc k`hurc.
VTCBXCHHA@BLX CKVLTBCVA^CX
VTCBXCHHA@BLX
Lk `djltav` flk tlrcplutc rlsafl lb kadlrcr c kc baóc flk "ncb
LB VTCBXN@TGCHAØB
tcsgc" fl su gcfrl y lb cyufcr c kc ncgakac lb su pr`hls`
fl trcbsahaøb (Nai. 63).
\b m`gdrl sl slpcrc fl su lsp`sc, qul talbl lpas`fa`s gc
bçch`-flprlsav`s, hucbf` su majc talbl falz có`s y su maj`
habh`. _`stlra`rglbtl, vulkvl c hcscrsl y talbl `tr` maj`. Habh`
có`s flspuás, kklvc c k`s f`s baó`s fl su praglr gctrag`ba`

394 398

H`b lstl `djltav`, cf`ptc kc lstrctliac fl h`bhlbtrcrsl lb kuli` sus galgdr`s plrgatcb y csagaklb kcs abtlrvlbha`bls
kc gcfrcstrc, abvatãbf`kc c pcrtahapcr, rlsp`bfalbf` rlspltu` flk tlrcplutc, sus hulsta`bcgalbt`s y su absastlbhac lb lk
scglbtl c sus lshcs`s cp`rtls y slóckcbf` qul lkkc ls kc hkcvl hcgda`.
pcrc lk hcgda` lb kc ncgakac. Lk tlrcplutc n`rgc ubc h`cka H`g` t`f`s k`s tlrcplutcs, lk tlrcplutc fl ncgakac hulsta`
haøb h`b lkkc, fahalbf` qul su chlptchaøb fl k`s maj`s fl su bc kc plrhlphaøb fl kc rlckafcf fl k`s pchalbtls. Kl fahl c
gcraf` ls vatck pcrc kc ncgakac y sugcglbtl agp`rtcbtl pcrc ub galgdr` fl ubc ncgakac qul sus lxplralbhacs s`b fashu
lk gctrag`ba`. _lr` fashutl su chlptchaøb flk ncbtcsgc fl kc tadkls, yc qul lk tlrcplutc scdl qul kc rlckafcf ls gãs h`g
praglrc lsp`sc qul lk gcraf` abtr`fuhl lb su ncgakac. Kc pkljc. H`rr`l kc hlrtlzc fl hcfc galgdr` fl kc ncgakac chlrhc
sliubfc lsp`sc fldl cyufcr c su gcraf` c lx`rhazcr lstl fl kc vckaflz fl su lxplralbhac. B` sl trctc fl ubc h`bnr`b
ncbtcsgc. Lk pcfrl ls ctchcf` p`r blicrsl c rlh`b`hlr qul tchaøb táhbahc. Lb rlckafcf, lk tlrcplutc cp`yc c k`s galgdr`s
su majc ls ubc cf`klshlbtl, y b` ubc aiuck h`b kc qul pulfl fl kc ncgakac, plr` suialrl qul gãs ckkã fl k` qul mcb plrha
pkcbtlcr kuhmcs fl p`flr. Vcgdaáb sl kl fahl qul h`gprlbfc daf` mcy `trc h`sc. Lb lnlht`, sulkl flhar "sa, plr`..." ` "sa,
qul lkkc ls ubc plrs`bc lb sa gasgc y b` ubc pr`k`bichaøb y... .
fl -su gcfrl. Kc h`ckahaøb fl tlrcplutc, lsp`sc l maj`s trcbs Fldl h`bvlbhlr c k`s galgdr`s fl kc ncgakac qul sus abfa
n`rgc c kc ncgakac, fltlrgabcbf` qul trcbsat`racglbtl kc na hcha`bls fl "sa, plr`" ` "sa, y..." flravcb fl sus pr`pacs bc
iurc cbøgckc slc lk lsp`s` y kadlrcbf` fl lkk` c kc majc. turcklzcs. Xu p`sahaøb fl fufc fldl cp`ycrsl lb slóckcgalb
Lstl tap` fl trctcgalbt`, qul sl hlbtrckazc lb kc gcblrc t`s qul k`s galgdr`s fl kc ncgakac h`bsaflrlb h`rrlht`s s`drl
lb qul kcs plrs`bcs pulflb abnkuarsl y cyufcrsl gutucglbtl kc dcsl fl sus pr`pacs lxplralbhacs prlvacs. Cubqul k`s huls
hcrchtlrazc ck tlrcplutc qul h`bsaflrc c kc ncgakac h`g` kc ta`bc dcsãbf`sl lb kc h`bsaflrchaøb fl qul pulfl vlr gãs
gctraz fl kc hurchaøb. Lk `djltav` ls lk ch`g`fcgalbt` y lk ckkã qul lkk`s, fldl slr hcpcz fl cnlrrcrsl c p`sadakafcfls fl
cp`y` gutu`s. Kc gcfrcstrc, ubc gujlr qul salgprl tlgaø cktlrbctavcs  fl  lxplralbhac, ` c høfai`s cktlrbctav`s, fl k`s
flscnacr c su gcraf`, cprlbfl fl su majcstrc. Q galbtrcs kc qul k`s galgdr`s  fl  kc ncgakac pulfcb fasp`blr. K` qul
gcfrcstrc cprlbfl fl kc baóc chlrhc fl høg` flscnacr, kc pkcbtlc fldl n`rgcr pcrtl flk rlplrt`ra` lxastlbtl fl k`s
baóc cprlbfl su gcfcstrc c fcr ub pcs` ctrãs. galgdr`s  fl  kc ncgakac.
_`r ljlgpk`, ubc lsp`sc h`bhurrl c tlrcpac fldaf` c qul su
lsp`s` talbl pr`dklgcs plrs`bckls y c qul, tcgdaáb, talbl
L^@K\HAØB LB VLTC_AC ircbfls fanahuktcfls pcrc rlkcha`bcrsl h`b sus f`s maj`s. Lb
kc praglrc slsaøb, lk tlrcplutc vl c kc gujlr s`kc. Lk gcraf`
Kcs lxplralbhacs fl kcs plrs`bcs sl g`fanahcb c glfafc qul fahl qul ls ák lk galgdr` fl kc ncgakac qul talbl pr`dklgcs.
sus p`saha`bls rlkctavcs sl trcbsn`rgcb. _lr` sl pkcbtlc lk pr` Xl flshradl c sa gasg` h`g` abtlklhtuck y køiah`. Ck slr
dklgc fl mcstc quá pubt` kc satuchaøb cbtlra`r fl kc ncgakac køiah`, talbl kc hlrtlzc fl tlblr rczøb5 p`r k` tcbt`, talbfl
sl rlstcdklhl hucbf` lk tlrcplutc fljc fl n`rgcr pcrtl fl kc c slr cut`ratcra`.
ubafcf y mcstc quá pubt` sl gcbtalblb kcs trcbsn`rgcha`bls. Lk tlrcplutc abtlrrugpl pcrc slóckcr qul ub m`gdrl tcb '
Kc ncgakac chufl c tlrcpac s`kahatãbf`kl s`kcglbtl ck tlrcplutc prl`hupcf` p`r kc køiahc y kc h`rrlhhaøb fldl ^lrsl nrustrcf`
qul ckaval sus pr`dklgcs chtuckls. K` s`rprlbflbtl ls qul c glbuf` lb kc vafc. Hratahc ck m`gdrl p`r b` plrgatar,bubhc

396 39<

c su gujlr plrhadar kc flprlsaøb qul salbtl y b` plrgatar, csç, csaibc ubc tcrlc qul chlrhcrã ck pcfrl h`b lk maj`, lxhkuylbf`
qul k` cyufl. Fl lsl g`f` lk tlrcplutc dk`qulc ubc rlkc c kc gcfrl. Lstc tcrlc tcgdaáb h`bvckafc ck pcfrl lb sus
haøb nkuafc plr` fasnubha`bck lb tárgab`s  fl  ubc rlckafcf huckafcfls fl plbscgalbt` køiah` y `dslrvchaøb flskaicfc fl
gãs cgpkac. Xus `dslrvcha`bls s`b h`bsaflrcfcs cflhucfcs kc h`bfuhtc, plr` kcs `ralbtc p`satavcglbtl lb farlhhaøb fl ub
p`r lk m`gdrl, qul h`b`hl su flprlsaøb, y tcgdaáb sl cflhúcb maj` ck qul salgprl h`bsaflrø arratcbtl. Lk pcfrl fldl lbh`b
ck cbmlk` bubhc lxprlscf` fl kc gujlr  fl  tlblr ubc `p`rtu trcrsl h`b lk maj` p`r k` glb`s trls vlhls p`r slgcbc furcbtl
bafcf fl cp`ycr c su gcraf`. Cgd`s høbyuils rlhadlb lb ub kcps` b` gcy`r fl ubc m`rc. Lb lk trcbshurs` fl lsl pl
n`rgc p`satavc kc abtlrvlbhaøb flk tlrcplutc hulsta`bcf`rc rç`f` fldl utakazcr su hcpchafcf fl `dslrvchaøb y fl cbãkasas
y qul abvatc ck hcgda`, yc qul lkkc rlh`b`hl kcs blhlsafcfls lstufacbf` c su maj`, fl tck g`f` qul lb lk trcbshurs` fl kc
lxplraglbtcfcs p`r kc gujlr y suialrl ckiubcs cktlrbctavcs fas prøxagc slsaøb pulfc flshradar ck tlrcplutc kcs hcrchtlrçstahcs
p`badkls pcrc lk m`gdrl. Lk tlrcplutc csaibc lbt`bhls ubc pcrtahukcrls fl su maj`. Fl lsl g`f`, lk tlrcplutc ls abtr`
tcrlc dcscfc lb su "sa, plr`". Dcj` h`bfaha`bls lsplhçnahcs, fuhaf` lb kc rlkchaøb pcfrl-maj` h`g` `dslrvcf`r c fastcbhac.
hucbf` kc gujlr salbtl qul su gcraf` lstã lquav`hcf`,   fl Lk pcfrl, qul salgprl sl rlkcha`bø h`b su maj` lb n`rgc ag
t`f`s g`f`s fldl ckablcrsl jubt` c ák lb h`btrc fl k`s hmah`s. puksavc, h`btr`kcf`rc, flshckanahcf`rc, slbtarã qul lk tlrcplutc
K`s pcfrls trclb c k`s baó`s c kc saiualbtl slsaøb. K`s cfuk k` lstagukc c utakazcr sus huckafcfls køiahcs lb su rlkchaøb
t`s mcb ljlhutcf` kc tcrlc csaibcfc y sl mcb slbtaf` gãs h`b su maj`, abmadalbf` su agpuksavafcf. Kc gcfrl, qul sl mc
hlrhc ub` flk `tr`. Lk gcraf` hrll qul su gujlr k` cp`yc slbtaf` cnlhtcfc p`r su lxhkusaøb fl lstc abtlrchhaøb, sl slb
y sl salbtl irctanahcfc p`r kc gcy`r slbsadakafcf y glb`r cu tarã fl t`f`s g`f`s cp`ycfc lb ub ãrlc agp`rtcbtl ‖su cbmlk`
t`ratcrasg` qul g`strø lb rlspulstc c su cp`y`. fl qul su gcraf` sl h`bvalrtc lb ub dulb pcfrl.
Hucbf` t`fc kc ncgakac ls vastc lb tlrcpac, sl `dslrvc h`b Lk pcfrl, kc gcfrl y lk maj` s`b udahcf`s lb ubc bulvc
hkcrafcf qul k`s baó`s y kc gcfrl n`rgcb ubc h`ckahaøb qul p`sahaøb p`r kcs abtlrvlbha`bls flk tlrcplutc. @raiabckglbtl
mc. caskcf` ck pcfrl, kklvãbf`k` c ubc p`sahaøb plranárahc y mc chlptcr`b lst`s hcgda`s fl p`sahaøb fldaf` c qul lk tlrcplutc
halbf` rlhclr ubc pcrtl lxhlsavc flk pr`hls` fl s`hackazchaøb kls `nrlhçc cktlrbctavcs flbtr` fl su lsnlrc y kls pkcbtlcdc ubc
lb kc gcfrl. K`s baó`s chtúcb h`g` ubc pctrukkc fl sckvcglbt`. pr`glsc fl fasp`saha`bls gãs sctasncht`racs. Kc trcbsn`rgchaøb
fl kc ncgakac sl gcbtalbl hucbf` lk tlrcplutc b` sl lbhulbtrc
Hucbf`
p`s`, lxlk hctmlfrc,
pcfrl agp`bl
qul rlikcs, k` mchl
mchl slbtar fl gcfrl
c kc ub g`f` tcb p`gy
nrustrcfc prlslbtl, fldaf` c qul kc trcbsn`rgchaøb mc chtavcf` bulvcs
fabãgahcs lbtrl k`s galgdr`s fl kc ncgakac y c qul cp`ycb kcs
flscgpcrcfc. K`s baó`s h`galbzcb c p`rtcrsl gck fl ub g`f` fabãgahcs lbtrl k`s galgdr`s fl kc ncgakac y c qul cp`ycb kcs
qul flsvçc kc høklrc flk pcfrl s`drl lkk`s. Lk baó` gãs pl bulvcs pcutcs trcbschha`bckls. Fl lsl g`f`, kcs bulvcs pcutcs
quló`, lb pcrtahukcr, ls lxplrt` lb lkk`, y kc rlkchaøb lbtrl ák trcbschha`bckls talbflb c cut`gcbtlblrsl.
y su pcfrl ls pcrtahukcrglbtl tlbsc. K`s pchalbtls lv`kuha`bcb p`r trls hcuscs. Lb praglr kuicr,
Kc tãhtahc flk tlrcplutc h`bsastl lb r`gplr kc h`ckahaøb fl sl hulsta`bc su plrhlphaøb fl kc rlckafcf. Lb sliubf` ku
k`s baó`s h`b kc gcfrl, hkcranahcbf` lk kagatl ckrlflf`r flk icr sl kls pr`p`rha`bcb p`sadakafcfls cktlrbctavcs qul kls pcrl
sudsastlgc h`byuick y flscrr`kkcbf` kc pr`xagafcf lbtrl lk hlb cflhucfcs. Q, lb tlrhlr kuicr, ubc vlz qul lbscycr`b kcs
gcraf` y kc gujlr y lbtrl lk pcfrl y k`s baó`s. H`b lstl nab, pcutcs trcbschha`bckls cktlrbctavcs cpcrlhlb bulvcs rlkcha`bls
fldl cp`ycr ck pcfrl cubqul fashrlpl h`b ák.   Fl lsl  g`f`, qul sl rlnulrzcb c sa gasgcs.

39> 399

XL MCHL HCGAB@ CK CBFCT _`r ljlgpk`, ga lstak` sl `raiabc lb pcrtl lb ubc baólz
qul trcbshurraø lb ubc ncgakac cikutabcfc h`b hucrlbtc tçcs
Lk h`bhlpt` fl trcbsn`rgchaøb sl rlkcha`bc h`b lv`kuha`bls y tç`s y cpr`xagcfcglbtl f`shalbt`s prag`s, t`f`s k`s huckls,
h`bsaflrcdkls lb lk gcrh` fl kc tlrcpac qul sl pr`fuhlb c k` lb gcy`r ` glb`r glfafc, h`bstatuçcb ubc rlf ncgakacr ls
kcri` flk talgp`. Lk tlrcplutc fldl scdlr høg` pr`ylhtcr ls`s trlhmc. Ga puldk` bctck, lb lk hcgp` fl kc Crilbtabc, h`b ubc
`djltav`s. _lr` tcgdaáb fldl scdlr høg` nchakatcr k`s plqul úbahc cvlbafc kkcgcfc "Cvlbafc búglr` `bhl', tlbçc ubc p`
ó`s g`vagalbt`s qul kklvcb c kc ncgakac lb farlhhaøb fl lstcs dkchaøb fl huctr` gak mcdatcbtls. Gas cdulk`s, f`s tç`s, ub
prag` y sus ncgakacrls vavçcb lb bulstrc hucfrc. H`g` ub
gltcs. Fldl cyufcrk`s fl tck g`f` qul b` sl vlcb cglbczcf`s
mcdatcbtl flk Dcrra` Hmab`, hucbf` hcgabcdc p`r kc hckkl
p`r fask`hcha`bls h`bsaflrcdkls. Kc hcpchafcf fl ubc plrs`bc
slbtçc qul halb prag`s gl garcdcb . Fl lsl g`f`, gl vlçc
4

fl pcscr fl ubc satuchaøb c `trc flplbfl flk cp`y` qul rlhadl:


`dkaicf` salbf` baó` c slbtargl høg`f` lb satucha`bls fl
b` sl flspkczcrã lb kc farlhhaøb fl k` flsh`b`haf` lb ubc pr`xagafcf y, plsl c lkk`, c flsprlbflrgl lb ircf` sunahalbtl
satuchaøb fl plkair`. _`r k` tcbt`, ls vatck pr`p`rha`bcrkl sas pcrc pr`tlilr ga abfavafuckafcf.
tlgcs fl cp`y` lb lk slb` fl kc ncgakac pcrc nchakatcr lk g`
vagalbt` fl ubc p`sahaøb c kc saiualbtl. H`g` j`vlb pr`nlsa`bck, tlbçc tlbflbhac c kc lgpctac h`b
Lk h`btcht` tlrcpáutah` sl pr`fuhl lb ub bavlk fl pr`xaga baó`s
ga vlzymaj`s
c chuscr c sus
y h`gltç k`spcfrls.
lrr`rls Flspuás
qul t`f`sflk`shcscrgl, tuvl c
pcfrls h`gltlb
fcf abtlrplrs`bck flbtr` fl ub h`btlxt` lsplhanah`. H`g` k`
lshradaø Cbt`ba` Gchmcf`, "hcgabcbtl b` mcy hcgab`, sl mchl ablvatcdklglbtl: h`glbhá lbt`bhls c h`gprlbflr c k`s pc
hcgab` ck cbfcr". Lk h`btlbaf` fl ubc slsaøb flplbfl fl frls y c sagpctazcr h`b lkk`s. Ga vafc tcbt` lb Asrclk, f`bfl
guhm`s ncht`rls fl afa`sabhrcsac, h`g` lk pr`pa` lstak` fl trcdcjá h`b baó`s jufç`s fl favlrs`s m`raz`btls hukturckls, y
abtlrhcgda` fl kc ncgakac y kc plrs`bckafcf flk tlrcplutc. lb k`s Lstcf`s \baf`s, f`bfl trcdcjá h`b ncgakacs blircs y
_`r k` tcbt`, b` ls s`rprlbflbtl qul kcs flshrapha`bls tlrc p`rt`rraqulócs, gl plrgatalr`b cprlhacr kc ubavlrsckafcf fl
páutahcs, lb ub abtlbt` fl ilblrckazchaøb, fashutcb chlrhc fl k`s nlbøglb`s mugcb`s, csç h`g` tcgdaáb k`s favlrs`s g`f`s
táhbahcs fl trctcgalbt` lb satuchaøb fl caskcgalbt`. _lr` lk qul kcs hukturcs lsplhçnahcs prlshradlb c kcs plrs`bcs lb k`
h`btlbaf` tlrcpáutah` sl rlkcha`bc lb n`rgc lstrlhmc h`b kc h`bhlrbalbtl c su rlspulstc c lst`s nlbøglb`s. H`gprlbfç lb
pcrtahukcr, lk g`f` lb qul kcs s`halfcfls ljlrhlb h`lrhaøb
lxplralbhac fl kc vafc h`tafacbc fl ubc ncgakac. Kc fabãgahc
s`drl k`s `pragaf`s.
y kc lstruhturc fl ubc ncgakac sl trcbsgatlb c trcvás flk h`b
tlbaf` fl kcs h`gubahcha`bls lbtrl sus galgdr`s ck aiuck qul C trcvás fl k`s có`s k`irá ub halrt` búglr` fl áxat`s y
c trcvás flk `rflb fl lscs h`gubahcha`bls. h`glta abbuglrcdkls lrr`rls, qul gl pr`p`rha`bcr`b ub slb
Lk h`btlbaf` fl ubc slsaøb ls abnkuaf` tcgdaáb p`r lk cp`rtl taf` fl h`gpltlbhac y cut`rafcf. Lb gas pl`rls g`glbt`s,
flk tlrcplutc. Ls p`sadkl qul f`s tlrcplutcs k`irlb dãsahcglbtl lstl slbtaf` fl rlckazchaøb sl lxprlsc lb ubc p`sahaøb cut`
k`s gasg`s `djltav`s y tãhtahcs lb rlkchaøb h`b ubc ncgakac, ratcrac, y lb `trcs `hcsa`bls gl plrgatl chtucr h`g` ub lx
cubqul k`s glfa`s pcrc ckhcbzcr ls`s `djltav`s fanalrcb lb plrt`. Lb kc glfafc lb qul cprlbfç c chlptcrgl y c rlh`
ircb glfafc fldaf` c qul k`s lstak`s fl k`s tlrcplutcs qul, b`hlr ãrlcs lb kcs qul bubhc hcgdacrá, flscrr`kká ub slb
salbf` lk rlsuktcf` fl sus pr`pacs lxplralbhacs vatckls, s`b fa taf` fl rlsplt` p`r kc favlrsafcf fl k`s lbn`quls fl kc ilbtl
nlrlbtls. cbtl k`s pr`dklgcs mugcb`s.

39= 391

Ga lstak` tlrcpáutah` sl lbhulbtrc `ricbazcf` c k` kcri` fl sastlgc fl kc ncgakac, qul fltlrgabc qul slc fançhak qul ub
f`s pcrãgltr`s: høg` prlslrvcr kc abfavafuchaøb y høg` cp` abfavafu` hcgdal sab lk cp`y` y kc h`gpklglbtcrafcf fl k`s
ycr kc rlhapr`hafcf. Xalgprl gl ml prl`hupcf` p`r prlslrvcr `tr`s. Lb lnlht`, chtú` fl tck g`f` qul k`s `tr`s galgdr`s
k`s kçgatls qul flnablb kc aflbtafcf abfavafuck. B` plrgat` fl kc ncgakac slcb gas h`tlrcplutcs, h`bvartalbf` c kc ubafcf
bubhc qul ub galgdr` fl ubc ncgakac mcdkl chlrhc fl `tr`s gãs cgpkac lb kc gctraz fl kc hurchaøb. Lvat` t`fc abtlrprltc
qul sl lbhulbtrcb prlslbtls lb kc slsaøb. Lstc rlikc pulfl haøb abfavafuck. _`r ljlgpk`, hucbf` ub gcraf` ls lxhlsavc
slr gcbtlbafc
gcbtlbafc fahalbf` c ub galgdr` fl kc ncgakac: "lstã glbtl h`btr`kcf`r, pulf` hulsta`bcr c kc lsp`sc p`r cklbtcr
mcdkcbf` lb kuicr suy`". C glbuf` slpcr` c plrs`bcs qul lk f`gaba` fl su gcraf`.
sl salbtcb jubtcs, y pulf` ilstahukcr h`g` ub p`kahçc fl Lbhcr` k`s h`bnkaht`s ncgakacrls c trcvás fl abtlrprltcha`bls
trãbsat` pcrc dk`qulcr kcs abtlrrupha`bls ` k`s plfaf`s abcfl slhulbhackls, fl tck g`f` qul lk gasg` g`flk` slc lshkcrl
hucf`s fl h`bnargchaøb. Valbf` c flscklbtcr kc utakazchaøb haf` c trcvás fl fanlrlbtls pubt`s fl vastc. _`r ljlgpk`, lb
fl ub galgdr` fl kc ncgakac h`g` flpøsat` fl k`s rlhulrf`s ubc satuchaøb lb kc qul ub baó` fl hct`rhl có`s lbnrlbtc fa
fl k`s `tr`s. Cpruld` kcs flshrapha`bls fl h`gpltlbhac y nahuktcfls lsh`kcrls,  y  lb kc qul k`s pcfrls sl lbhulbtrcb lb
ckalbt` c k`s galgdr`s fl kc ncgakac c rlh`gplbscr t`fc h`g h`bnkaht` lb k` qul h`bhalrbl ck g`f` fl lbhcrcr kc satuchaøb,
pltlbhac qul sl gulstrl lb ubc slsaøb. X`y ilblr`s` cbtl fl ls p`sadkl qul rlckahl trls abtlrvlbha`bls. Cs`haãbf`gl ck gc
hkcrcha`bls p`satavcs chlrhc fl hcrchtlrçstahcs abfavafuckls, kc raf`, pulf` slóckcr: "kc h`ckahaøb lbtrl su lsp`sc y su maj`
abfuglbtcrac, ubc nrcsl dalb h`bstruafc ` ubc plrhlphaøb k` mchl slbtarsl flscgpcrcf`". Cs`haãbf`gl c kc lsp`sc, p`
hrlctavc. Ckalbt` c k`s galgdr`s `pragaf`s fl ubc ncgakac, frçc flhar: "kc abhcpchafcf fl su gcraf` y fl su maj` pcrc
cp`yãbf`k`s fl tck g`f` qul pulfcb slr chlptcf`s y g`fa rls`kvlr k`s h`bnkaht`s kc s`drlhcric, mchalbf` rlhclr s`drl us
nahcr su p`sahaøb. Lb pcrtahukcr, cp`y` kc kuhmc fl k`s baó`s tlf kc rlsp`bscdakafcf fl `hupcrsl fl cgd`s". Cs`haãbf`gl
lb pr` fl ubc abflplbflbhac cflhucfc c su lfcf. Lb lstl ck maj`, pulf` slóckcr: "tu pcfrl y tu gcfrl fashutlb chlrhc
ãrlc, c glbuf` ls p`sadkl rls`kvlr ub pr`dklgc lb tárgab`s fl tus fanahuktcfls lsh`kcrls sab fcrtl p`sadakafcf ckiubc fl
fl h`gpcrchaøb fl lfcfls: "lb ckiubcs `hcsa`bls chtúcs pcrtahapcr. Vl gcbtalblb lb ubc p`sahaøb h`rrlsp`bfalbtl c
h`g` ub baó` fl slas có`s galbtrcs lb `trcs k` mchls rlck ub baó` fl glb`r lfcf". Kuli` kls s`kahat` qul rlckahlb ub
glbtl h`g` ub` fl falhasaltl". Lstc n`rgukchaøb sl h`bstatuyl hcgda` lb lk pr`pa` gcrh` fl kc slsaøb.
lb abstruglbt` pcrc lstagukcr lk flscrr`kk` fl kc h`bfuhtc Lb ilblrcW, lb kuicr fl plrgatar c kcs plrs`bcs qul mcdklb
fl falhasaltl có`s . chlrhc fl ch`btlhagalbt`s flk pcscf`, talbf` c rlnlrar c kcs
Ck lstagukcr kc rlhapr`hafcf, ga táhbahc gãs cflhucfc, h`b satucha`bls c k` chtuck rlkcha`bãbf`kcs h`b kc slsaøb. _`r ljlg
sastl lb fcr pruldcs fl slbtaf` flk mug`r y fl ubc chlptchaøb pk`, sa gl lbhulbtr` trcdcjcbf` h`b ub pchalbtl cb`ráxah`,
ilblrck fl kcs nkcqulzcs mugcbcs. Xulk` hulsta`bcr kc lxastlb h`g` h`b kc ncgakac. Xa k`s høbyuils mcdkcb chlrhc flk h`b
hac fl ub "y`" sab ub "tú". Lb kuicr fl flharkl c ub galg nkaht`, kls s`kahat` qul k` chtúlb. \takaz` lk lspcha` pcrc lx
dr` fl ubc ncgakac qul hcgdal, kl fai` c `tr`, qul talbl ubc prlscr kc pr`xagafcf  y  kc fastcbhac, rlquaralbf` c k`s pchalb
rlkchaøb h`gpklglbtcrac saibanahctavc h`b lk praglr`, qul k` tls qul sl flspkchlb h`g` g`f` fl nchakatcr ` dk`qulcr kc
cyufl c hcgdacr, pulst` qul lk praglr` b` pulfl mchlrk` h`gubahchaøb y  lk cnlht`.
s`k`. Lstc tãhtahc rlhurrl ck p`flr fl h`chhaøb gutuc flk Ml cprlbfaf` c flskabfcr c ga plrs`bc fl kc satuchaøb
3=? 3=3

y c `ralbtcr c k`s galgdr`s fl kc ncgakac pcrc qul chtúlb su vb


pr`pa` frcgc galbtrcs y` `dslrv`. X`y lsp`btãbl` lb gas
abtlrvlbha`bls, yc qul ml cprlbfaf` c h`bnacr gas rlspulstcs  N@T GCHAØB
 N@TGCH AØB FL
FLK
K
c kcs ncgakacs. _lr` `dslrv` h`btabucglbtl lk `rflb y lk ratg` XAXVLGC VLTC_Á\VAH@
fl kcs h`gubahcha`bls fl kc ncgakac, flhafalbf` lb n`rgc h`bs
halbtl chlrhc flk g`glbt` lb qul fld` mcdkcr y fl kc plr
s`bc c kc qul fld` faraiargl.
H`g` tlrcplutc, talbf` c chtucr h`g` ub pcralbtl kljcb`.
Gl circfc rlkctcr cbáhf`tcs chlrhc fl gas pr`pacs lxpl
ralbhacs y fl ga plbscgalbt`, l abhkuar h`scs qul ml klçf`
u `çf` y qul s`b rlklvcbtls lb rlkchaøb h`b kc ncgakac prlslbtl.
Abtlbt` csagakcr lk klbiucjl fl kc ncgakac y sus gat`s. Lst`s
gát`f`s plrgatlb icbcr talgp`, k`ircbf` qul sl g`vakahl
lb ub lbhulbtr` lbtrl lxtrcó`s lk cnlht` h`rrlsp`bfalbtl ck
lbhulbtr` lbtrl valj`s h`b`haf`s. Xl trctc fl táhbahcs fl ch` K`s gát`f`s
tlrcpáutah` flk tlrcplutc
y satucrsl pcrc kch`g`
c sç gasg` hrlchaøb
kçflrflslubflsaibcb
sastlgc
g`fchaøb sugcglbtl agp`rtcbtls lb lk pr`hls` fl cs`hacrsl
c kc ncgakac. h`g` `plrcha`bls fl cs`hachaøb. Lstcs s`b kcs dcsls fl kc
tlrcpac. Xa lk tlrcplutc b` pulfl cs`hacrsl c kc ncgakac y
lstcdklhlr ub sastlgc tlrcpáutah`, kc rllstruhturchaøb b` pul
fl pr`fuharsl y t`f` abtlbt` fl ckhcbzcr k`s `djltav`s tlrcpáu
tah`s nrchcscrã.

\BA@B
\BA@B Q CH@G@FCGALB V@

\baøb y ch`g`fcgalbt` s`b f`s tárgab`s qul flshradlb lk


gasg` pr`hls`. Lk praglr` sl utakazc hucbf` sl p`bl lk chlbt`
lb kcs chha`bls flk tlrcplutc tlbfalbtls farlhtcglbtl c rl
kcha`bcrsl h`b k`s galgdr`s fl kc ncgakac ` h`b lk sastlgc
ncgakacr. Lk ch`g`fcgalbt` sl utakazc hucbf` sl p`bl lk chlbt`
s`drl kcs cfcptcha`bls flk tlrcplutc tlbfalbtls c k`ircr kc ckacb
zc. _crc ckacrsl c ub sastlgc ncgakacr, lk tlrcplutc fldl chlp
tcr kc `ricbazchaøb y lstak` fl kc ncgakac y nubfarsl h`b lkk`s.
Fldl lxplraglbtcr kcs pcutcs trcbschha`bckls fl kc ncgakac
y kc nulrzc fl lstcs pcutcs. Ls flhar qul fldl lvckucr lk

3=4 3=8

f`k`r fl ub galgdr` fl kc ncgakac p`r slr lxhkuaf` ` utaka k`s g`f`s fl vafc fl ub s`halfcf lxtrcóc. Lk cbtr`pøk`i` prch
zcf` h`g` hmav` lgascra` y su pkchlr ck slr cgcf`, ck lxastar tahc kc `dslrvchaøb t`tck, gãs ckkã fl kc huck bcfc mcy ... sckv`
ubc flplbflbhac lb rlkchaøb h`b ák, ` fl `tr` g`f`, ck slr kc h`gpkltc cds`rhaøb flk `dslrvcf`r p`r pcrtl flk `djlt` fl
h`bnargcf` lb lk slb` fl kc ncgakac. Lk tlrcplutc rlh`b`hl sus `dslrvcha`bls". Ck gasg` talgp`, lk cbtr`pøk`i` sl flskaic
lk prlf`gaba` fl fltlrgabcf`s tlgcs ncgakacrls y pcrtahapc fl kc s`halfcf qul lstufac pcrc p`flr cbckazcrkc: "Tlckglbtl
 jub
 jubtcg
tcglbt
lbtll h`b
h`b k`
k`ss ga
galg
lgdr
dr`s
`s fl kc ncg
ncgaka
akacc lb su lxpk
lxpk`rc
`rchaøb
haøb.. p`flg`s h`gpr`dcr qul  kc gasgc glbtl qul sl mc cdcbf`bc
Fldl sliuar su hcgab` fl kc h`gubahchaøb, flshudralbf` huã f` c kc lxplralbhac y qul sl mc fljcf` g`kflcr p`r ástc sl
kls s`b k`s qul lstãb cdalrt`s, huãkls s`b k`s qul lstãb pcr h`bvalrtl lb lk tlctr` fl `plrcha`bls glbtckls qul, cubqul b`
hackglbtl hlrrcf`s y huãkls lbtlrcglbtl dk`qulcf`s. Hucbf` supraglb kc lxplralbhac, kc trcbsn`rgcb fl t`f`s g`f`s lb ub
trcspcsc k`s ugdrckls ncgakacrls, fldl lstcr cklrtc cbtl k`s g`flk` qul sushatc `trcs `plrcha`bls glbtckls.   Lb úktag` cbã
glhcbasg`s fl lstcdakafcf flk sastlgc. K`s hm`quls fl kc nc kasas, kc h`mlrlbhac køiahc fl lstcs `plrcha`bls glbtckls sl
gakac lb rlkchaøb h`b lk tlrcplutc h`bstatuylb k`s ncht`rls qul dcsc lb kc sabhlrafcf y m`blstafcf fl kc plrs`bc qul pulfl
kl plrgatlb h`b`hlr c kc ncgakac. Lstl pr`hls` b` pulfl slr flhar... 'y` lstuvl cmç'"'.
ubakctlrck: flk gasg` g`f` qul lk tlrcplutc sl ch`g`fc
Ck aiuck qul lk cbtr`pøk`i`, lk tlrcplutc fl ncgakac sl ubl
pcrc ubarsl c kc ncgakac, kc ncgakac tcgdaáb fldl ch`g`fcrsl pc
rc ubarsl c ák. c kc hukturc huy` lstufa` lbhcrc. Lb lk gasg` ratg` `shakcbtl,
sl  kaic y flskaic fl lkkc. Lxplraglbtc kcs prlsa`bls flk sastl
Lb kcs fashusa`bls chlrhc fl kc tlrcpac b` sl cd`rfc h`b gc ncgakacr5 ck gasg` talgp`, `dslrvc lk sastlgc rlckazcbf`
nrlhulbhac kcs `plrcha`bls fl ch`g`fchaøb, yc qul sl kcs h`b flfuhha`bls qul kl plrgatlb trcbsn`rgcr su lxplralbhac lb
saflrc h`g` cki` `dva`. Cubqul sl kc h`bsaflrc blhlscrac, lk ub gcpc ncgaakcr lb lk qul dcsc sus `djltav`s tlrcpáutah`s,
plicglbt` qul ubl kc ncgakac y lk tlrcplutc c trcvás fl kc tl
kc h`gprlbsaøb y h`b`hagalbt` fl ubc ncgakac fl lstl g`f`
rcpac, ls c glbuf` aib`rcfc, galbtrcs sl cd`rfc k`s pr`hls`s
çbtag` y lxplraglbtck h`bstatuyl ub lklglbt` vatck fl kc tl
gãs frcgãtah`s fl rllstruhturchaøb. Lb ckiubcs `hcsa`bls, kc
`gasaøb ls flkadlrcfc. Guhm`s tlrcplutcs fl ncgakac prlnalrlb rcpac ncgakacr.
b` cbckazcr kcs táhbahcs fl ch`g`fchaøb p`rqul h`bsaflrcb qul Cubqul k`s gcpcs lstruhturckls y lk lbn`qul fl "juli` fl
cjlfrlz" qul utakazcg`s pcrc flshradar kc tlrcpac trcbsgatlb kc
s`b lsp`btãblcs
hcgp` y qul flk
fl h`b`hagalbt` h`btlrcplutc.
nrlhulbhacVlglb
plrgcblhlb nulrc flk
qul lk cbãkasas fl agprlsaøb fl qul lk tlrcplutc gcbapukc gcra`bltcs flsvc
kcs táhbahcs fl ch`g`fchaøb flk tlrcplutc pulfl abmadar su kafcs, kc rlckafcf fl kc tlrcpac ncgakacr ls t`tckglbtl fastabtc.
lsp`btcblafcf. V`f` cquák qul lgprlbfl ubc tlrcpac ncgakacr sl vl h`bstcb
Lb k` qul h`bhalrbl c ubc gcy`r pr`nubfazchaøb fl k`s tlglbtl agprlsa`bcf` p`r kc lb`rgl fanahuktcf qul lxastl pcrc
pr`hls`s fl ch`g`fchaøb, kc cbtr`p`k`içc pulfl slr fl ircb trcbsn`rgcr ub sastlgc ncgakacr. Kc ncgakac sl g`fanahc s`kc
cyufc. Lk cbtr`pøk`i` sl ubl c kc hukturc qul lstufac pcrc glbtl sa lk tlrcplutc mc k`ircf` abh`rp`rcrsl ck sastlgc fl
h`gprlbflr sudjltavcglbtl su lstruhturc. _crc k`ircrk`, sl ub g`f` sabtøbah` c ástl. Fldl ch`g`fcrsl c kc ncgakac l
iúb Klva-Xtrcuss, lk cbtr`pøk`i` sl ch`g`fc c lsc hukturc: abtlrvlbar fl ub g`f` qul kc ncgakac pulfc chlptcr. C fa
"Cdcbf`bcbf` su m`icr y su pcçs furcbtl plra`f`s pr`k`b nlrlbhac flk cbtr`pøk`i`, lk tlrcplutc abtlbtc g`fanahcr kc
icf`s . . . sab rlslrvcs glbtckls ` g`tav`s uktlra`rls, cf`ptc hukturc c kc qul sl ubl y fasp`bl fl kcs huckafcfls rlqulrç-

3=6 3=<

fcs pcrc k`ircrk`. _lr` sus gltcs, sus tãhtahcs y lstrctcilgcs sus pcutcs mcdatuckls. _`r ljlgpk`, fahl: "fagl, pcpa, °lb
flplbflb t`fcs flk pr`hls` fl ubaøb. hcrcs su chtatuf f`gabcbtl salbf` trcbquak` y h`gprlbsav`0"
Lb lk flscrr`kk` fl kc tlrcpac, kcs abtlrvlbha`bls nubfcglb Tlnulrzc lstl lbn`qul abtr`fuhalbf` ljlgpk`s fl su vafc plr
tckls flk tlrcplutc abtlbtcb flspkczcr ck sastlgc tlrcpáutah` s`bck: "gl hcsá h`b ubc gujlr va`klbtc fldaf` c qul s`y trcb
lb kc farlhhaøb fl kcs gltcs tlrcpáutahcs. _lr` lk tlrcplutc quak` y h`gprlbsav`".
tcgdaáb fldl rlsp`bflr c k`s lklglbt`s abglfact`s fl hcfc Lb kc ncgakac Xgatm (hcp. 1), lk tlrcplutc flshudrl qul lk
slsaøb. Lstcs rlspulstcs abglfactcs pulflb fashrlpcr h`b kcs sló`r Xgatm flslc h`btr`kcr lk h`btcht` h`b su lsp`sc. Hucb
gltcs nabckls flk trctcgalbt`, fldaf` c qul ubc rllstruhturc f` b` sl rlspltc lstc rlikc, lk sló`r Xgatm rlchha`bc h`b ubc
haøb lxat`sc rlqualrl c glbuf` lk cp`y` fl kcs lstruhturcs h`bfuhtc lxtrcóc, qul rlnulrzc ub h`btrct` ncgakacr qul lk
qul h`b lk talgp` pulflb vlrsl hulsta`bcfcs. Lb lnlht`, kc tlrcplutc abtlbtc flschrlfatcr. H`bslhulbtlglbtl, lk tlrcplutc
tlrcpac ls hckadrcfc lb f`s lshckcs tlgp`rckls fanlrlbtls. Lk rlspltc kcs pcutcs trcbschha`bckls lxastlbtls y vlranahc qul
pr`irls` fl kc ncgakac mchac kcs gltcs tlrcpáutahcs sl lvckúc hulbtc h`b lk plrgas` flk sló`r Xgatm pcrc lstcdklhlr lk h`b
h`g` k`s g`vagalbt`s c k` kcri` fl plra`f`s fl talgp` pr` tcht` tcbt` h`b kc sló`rc Xgatm h`g` h`b su maj`. Gãs tcrfl,
k`bicf`s. Kc ubaøb y lk lbnrlbtcgalbt` fl k`s pr`dklgcs ab hucbf` kc ubafcf tlrcpáutahc lstá glj`r h`bs`kafcfc, lvatc
glfact`s sl lvckúcb h`g` abtlrhcgda`s lsplhçnah`s qul sl pr` lstc lstruhturc h`b lk nab fl fasgabuar lk hcrãhtlr hlbtrck flk
fuhlb lb ubc slsaøb pcrtahukcr. Ls p`sadkl qul kcs táhbahcs fl pchalbtl aflbtanahcf`.
ubaøb b` salgprl farajcb c kc ncgakac lb kc farlhhaøb fl k`s Kcs `plrcha`bls fl gcbtlbagalbt` rlqualrlb c glbuf` kc
`djltav`s tlrcpáutah`s, plr` s`b lxat`scs lb kc glfafc lb qul h`bnargchaøb chtavc y lk cp`y` fl k`s sudsastlgcs ncgakacrls.
icrcbtahlb lk rlt`rb` fl kc ncgakac c kc slsaøb saiualbtl. \b tlrcplutc rlh`b`hl kc p`sahaøb ljlhutavc fl k`s pcfrls lb
 Gcbtlbag
 Gcbt albt`.  Lk gcbtlbagalbt`
lbagalbt`. gcbtlbagalbt` sl rrlkcha`bc
lkcha`bc h`
h`bb kc táh ubc ncgakac hucbf` kls farail kcs praglrcs prliubtcs, hucbf`
bahc fl ch`g`fchaøb fl pr`p`rha`bcr ub cp`y` pr`ircgcf` rlspltc kc blhlsafcf fl kc ncgakac fl slr h`btchtcfc c trcvás
c kc lstruhturc ncgakacr, tck h`g` lk tlrcplutc kc plrhadl y cbc fl cquák flnabaf` h`g` h`bgutcf`r hlbtrck, ` hucbf` chlptc
kazc. Lk sastlgc pulfl slr gcbtlbaf` lb t`f`s k`s bavlkls, fls tlgp`rcracglbtl lk ltaqultcgalbt` flk pchalbtl aflbtanahcf`.
fl kc lstruhturc ncgakacr h`g` ub t`f` mcstc kcs hcrchtlrçs Hucbf` lk tlrcplutc chlptc kc flnabahaøb fl k`s høbyuils fl
tahcs fl k`s galgdr`s abfavafuckls. _`r ljlgpk`, hucbf` G`b su h`gpklglbtcrafcf, fasnrutc cdalrtcglbtl flk mug`r fl kc
tckv` trcdcjc h`b kc ncgakac I`rflb (hcp.  33),  plrhadl guy ncgakac ` lxprlsc cnlht` mchac lkk`s, utakazc `plrcha`bls fl
pr`bt` lk abtlbs` kaflrczi` fl kc gcfrl y salbtl lk agpcht` gcbtlbagalbt`.
fl su absastlbhac lb gcbtlblrsl h`g` jlnl fl kc ncgakac y lb Lk tlrcplutc cp`yc k`s sudsastlgcs ncgakacrls hucbf` ckalb
h`btr`kcr kc h`gubahchaøb h`b sus maj`s. Fl lsl g`f`, lstc tc c k`s høbyuils c cp`ycrsl gutucglbtl ck lbhcrcr lk sudsas
dklhl h`btcht` h`b k`s maj`s c trcvás fl kc gcfrl, gcbtlbalbf` tlgc cf`klshlbtl. Vcgdaáb pulfl cp`ycr ub sudirup` cf`kls
kc lstruhturc ncgakacr. hlbtl lb ub sudsastlgc nrctlrb` cgpka`, rlh`glbfcbf` c k`s
Lk tlrcplutc pulfl `ptcr p`r gcbtlblr kcs pcutcs trcbsch maj`s glb`rls qul b` h`bhurrcb c fltlrgabcfcs slsa`bls `
ha`bckls lsplhanahcs fl ub sudsastlgc ncgakacr. Hucbf` Ymatc pr`p`rha`bãbf`kls juiultls cpchadkls pcrc qul juliulb h`b
elr mcdkc h`b lk sló`r y kc sló`rc F`ffs (hcp. 3? 3?))  chlrhc fl lkk`s galbtrcs mcdkc h`b k`s flgãs.
Kcs `plrcha`bls fl gcbtlbagalbt` rlqualrlb c glbuf` qul
kc h`gpklglbtcrafcf fl sus trcbschha`bls, cp`yc y lshkcrlhl
3=> 3=9

sl rctanaqul y cp`yl lk p`tlbhack y kc nulrzc fl ub abfavafu`, bckls glfacbtl kcs huckls k`s tlrcplutcs fabãgah`s y b` fa
` sl cnacbhl kc p`sahaøb fl ub galgdr` lb kc ncgakac. Lk tl rlhtav`s h`btr`kcb kc farlhhaøb y lk nkuj` fl kc h`gubahchaøb.
rcplutc pulfl h`glbtcr, p`r ljlgpk` hucb plrhlptav` ls ub \bc chhaøb pr`fuhafc lb ubc slsaøb fcfc tcgdaáb pulfl
rcstrlcrsl. _`r ljlgpk`, hucbf` G`btckv` `dslrvc ck pchalbtl
baó`qul
fc ck ub
flshradar
galgdr`ubcflsatuchaøb, flstchcr
kc ncgakac utakazø,ubc gltãn`rc
lbsckzcr cflhuc
kc køiahc fl aflbtanahcf` fl kc ncgakac H`rflb klylbf`, flscrr`kkc ubc tc
kc fashusaøb fl `trc plrs`bc ` lk`iacr kc mcdakafcf h`b kc qul rlc lb kc huck kc baóc kll y su gcfrl h`btr`kc su h`gpltlbhac
ckiub` lbnrlbtø ubc satuchaøb. _ulfl tcgdaáb hugpkaglbtcr lb kc klhturc. Lk rcstrl` fl kc chhaøb fl kc baóc ls cgpkacf`
ub bulv` plabcf` ` ubc dlkkc vlstaglbtc. Ymatcelr ls ub lx csç mcstc abhkuar ubc trcbschhaøb abtlrplrs`bck qul lxpk`rc kcs
plrt` lb lk cp`y` fl tck g`f` qul abhrlglbtc kcs p`sadakafc nubha`bls pcrlbtckls.
fls fl lxpcbsaøb flk y`. G`btckv` lxpk`rc ãrlcs fl h`gpl Lk rcstrl` flk h`btlbaf` fl kcs h`gubahcha`bls pulfl slr
tlbhac y `ricbazc tcrlcs qul cyufcb c k`s galgdr`s fl kc útak lb kc lxpk`rchaøb fl kc lstruhturc ncgakacr. _`r ljlgpk`,
ncgakac c flscrr`kkcr sus huckafcfls. Cgd`s tlrcplutcs s`b ub tlrcplutc qul trcdcjc h`b ubc ncgakac sugcglbtl cikuta
ilblr`s`s lb su cpr`dchaøb. bcfc `dslrvø ubc flhkcrchaøb flk pcfrl fl qul b` kl circ
Lb k`s lbtrlkczcgalbt`s fl kc tlrcpac, kcs `plrcha`bls fl fcdc hlrrcr kcs pulrtcs. Lk tlrcplutc h`glbzø c* rcstrlcr kcs
gcbtlbagalbt` pulflb flslgplócr ubc nubhaøb fl rllstruh agpkahcha`bls fl lstl mlhm`. C k`s baó`s, sl h`gpr`dø, bubhc
turchaøb. Hucbf` lk tlrcplutc cp`yc c ub sudsastlgc, `trcs sl kls plrgatçc hlrrcr kcs pulrtcs fl sus mcdatcha`bls. Lk baó`
pcrtls fl kc ncgakac pulflb vlrsl `dkaicfcs c rllstruhturcrsl fl falz có`s tlbçc su pr`pac mcdatchaøb, plr` p`r k` ilblrck
` ch`g`fcrsl c lstl cp`y`. Xa lk tlrcplutc cp`yc ck høbyuil f`rgçc lb kc mcdatchaøb fl su mlrgcbc gcy`r, nrlhulbtlglbtl
gãs fádak, lkk` h`bstatuyl ub plfaf` fl rllstruhturchaøb fa lb kc gasgc hcgc. Kc abtagafcf y kc vafc slxuck fl k`s høb
raiaf` ck gãs nulrtl. Xa sl cp`yc ck sudsastlgc pcrlbtck, lkk` yuils sl vlçcb rlstrabiafcs fldaf` c qul su pr`pac pulrtc
tlbfrã agpkahcha`bls rllstruhtúrckls pcrc lk sudsastlgc nrc bubhc sl hlrrcdc. Kc lxpk`rchaøb fl kc utakazchaøb ncgakacr fl
tlrb`. su lspcha` vatck y fl su utakazchaøb fl kcs pulrtcs sl h`bvartaø
lb ubc gltãn`rc fl kc hcrlbhac fl kçgatls hkcr`s . 4

 Tcstrl`.  Lk rcstrl` h`bstatuyl `trc táhbahc


táhba hc fl ch`g`fchaøb.
Lk tlrcplutc saiul lk h`btlbaf` fl kcs h`gubahcha`bls y fl Lk rcstrl` n`rtcklhl c k`s galgdr`s fl kc ncgakac ck lstagukcr
kc h`bfuhtc fl kc ncgakac y k`s ckalbtc pcrc qul h`btabúlb. kc abn`rgchaøb. Lk tlrcplutc b` abahac ubc chhaøb: ák h`bfuhl
Chtúc h`g` ubc púc qul dushc k`s surh`s lb ub fash`. Lb su saiualbf`. H`bvckafc c kc ncgakac tck h`g` ls, lstagukcbf`
n`rgc gãs sagpkl, lk rcstrl` saibanahc lk pkcbtlcgalbt` fl prl y chlptcbf` sus h`gubahcha`bls.
iubtcs qul hkcranaqulb k` qul lstã lb juli`, kc rlckazchaøb fl H`g` lk gcbtlbagalbt`, lk rcstrl` pulfl utakazcrsl h`g`
h`glbtcra`s cpr`dcf`rls ` lk lstaguk` pcrc kc cgpkanahchaøb ubc lstrctliac fl rllstruhturchaøb. T`bckf Kaldgcb utakazcdc
fl ub pubt`. Lk tlrcplutc b` hulsta`bc k` qul sl fahl. Xl lk rcstrl` pcrc hrlcr ub kçgatl trcbsat`ra` lbtrl k`s pcfrls fl
udahc c sç gasg` h`g` ubc pcrtl abtlrlscfc. Lk pcrsag`ba`s` ubc baóc cb`ráxahc y kc pchalbtl. K`s pcfrls y kc ncgakac t`fc
"ug-mug", kc flhkcrchaøb qul lstagukc kc pr`slhuhaøb fl k` sl lbh`btrcr`b pcrc ckg`rzcr. K`s pcfrls, qul sl abgashuçcb
qul sl fahl, kc rlpltahaøb fl k` qul ubc plrs`bc mc fahm`, kc lb ircb glfafc y qul lrcb sugcglbtl cbsa`s`s, slrg`blcdcb
rlh`gplbsc fl ubc flhkcrchaøb g`strcbf` abtlrás y kc prl c kc baóc pcrc qul h`galsl. Lk tlrcplutc, qul lrc jufç`, ls
iubtc qul rlqualrl hkcranahcha`bls s`b g`fckafcfls trcfaha`- tagukcdc ck pcfrl, jufç` `rt`f`x`, c mcdkcr chlrhc fl kcs klyls

3== 3=1

faltátahcs y chlrhc fl kcs rlikcs qul abvckafcb kcs klyls flk rcplutc h`g` k`s galgdr`s fl kc ncgakac s`b, cbtls qul bcfc,
sãdcf` lb fltlrgabcfcs lglrilbhacs. Mcdkø h`b kc gcfrl slrls mugcb`s.
chlrhc fl kc cflhuchaøb fl slrvar s`pc h`g` praglr pkct`. Lb lk gcrh` flk sastlgc tlrcpáutah`, kcs `plrcha`bls gagá-
Fashutalr`b kc prlpcrchaøb flk d`rshm y sa sl fldçc ` b` abhkuar tahcs s`b p`r k` ilblrck agpkçhatcs y lsp`btãblcs. Lb kc nc
rlp`kk` ck aiuck qul rlg`kchmc. _crlhçc h`g` sa lk tlrcplutc gakac F`ffs (hcp. 3?), lk sló`r F`ffs julic h`b lk dldá
sl kagatcsl c rcstrlcr k`s abtlrlsls fl k`s pcfrls. _lr` galb galbtrcs lk tlrcplutc nugc ubc papc. Hucbf` lk tlrcplutc
trcs k`s pcfrls ckaglbtcr`b ck lxtrlgcfcglbtl abtlrlscf` tl h`galbzc c juicr h`b lk dldá, lk pcfrl lbhalbfl su papc. K`s
rcplutc h`b abn`rgchaøb, kc baóc h`gaø su ckgulrz`. Lk tlrc tlrcplutcs lxplraglbtcf`s rlckazcb `plrcha`bls gagátahcs sab
plutc mcdçc utakazcf` lk rcstrl` pcrc udahcrsl h`g` rlhlpt`r saqualrc plrhadark`. Lk sló`r Xgatm sl schc lk sch` y lbhalbfl
fl kc ctlbhaøb fl k`s pcfrls, rllgpkczcbf` c kc majc y h`bvar ub haicrrakk`. Lk tlrcplutc, qul kl pafl ub haicrrakk`, talbl
taábf`sl lb ub kçgatl lbtrl k`s pcfrls y kc majc. h`bhalbhac fl mchlrk` h`g` `plrchaøb gagátahc. _lr` b` tal
ltasg`.  Lk gagltasg` ls ubc `plrchaøb mug
 Gagltasg`.
 Gag mugcbc
cbc ubavlr
ubavlr bl h`bhalbhac fl qul sl lstã schcbf` su pr`pa` sch`. Galbtrcs
sck. \bc gcfrl qul ckaglbtc c su dldá h`b ubc huhmcrc mcdkc h`b lk sló`r Xgatm, tcgdaáb sl rcshc kc hcdlzc fl ub
g`f` h`bnus` y flsgcócf`, qul k` pravc fl cut`rafcf l ab
h`galbzc
dldá cdrc p`r cdrar \bc
kc suyc. su pr`pac d`hc
plrs`bc qulgalbtrcs
mcdkc c abtlbtc qul lk
ub tcrtcguf` hrlglbtc su pcrlbtlsh` h`b lk h`bnus`, flsgcócf` pchalbtl.
fasgabuyl kc nkuaflz fl su mcdkc y pulfl h`glbzcr c tcrtc Ck aiuck qul `tr`s pr`hls`s fl ch`g`fchaøb, kcs `plrcha`
guflcr. Lk cgpka` lnlht` flk gagltasg` sl flgulstrc p`r bls gagátahcs pulflb slr utakazcfcs h`b nabls fl rllstruhtu
kc tlbflbhac fl k`s baó`s cf`ptcf`s c pcrlhlrsl c sus pcfrls rchaøb. Hucbf` lk tlrcplutc sl ubl ck sló`r Xgatm y ck sló`r
cf`ptav`s. F`ffs abhrlglbtcbf` su pcrlbtlsh`, lk p`flr fl cgd`s pc
\b tlrcplutc pulfl utakazcr lk gagltasg` pcrc ch`g`fcrsl halbtls sl abhrlglbtc.
c ub lstak` ncgakacr y c sus g`fckafcfls cnlhtavcs. Csç, cf`ptc K`s pr`hls`s fl ch`g`fchaøb y rllstruhturchaøb lstãb lb
lk ratg` ncgakacr fl h`gubahchaøb, fasgabuylbf` su ratg`, trlkczcf`s5 kc slpcrchaøb fl cgd`s h`bstatuyl ub rlhurs` pl
p`r ljlgpk`, lb ubc ncgakac mcdatucfc c pcuscs pr`k`bicfcs fciøiah`. _lr` søk` hucbf` k`s pr`hls`s fl ch`g`fchaøb, qul
y klbtcs rlspulstcs. Lb ubc ncgakac j`vack, csugl ubc chtatuf abh`rp`rcb kc mugcbafcf y kc hcpchafcf crtçstahc flk lbhulb
 j`v
 j`vack
ack y lxp
lxpcbs
cbsavc
avc.. Lb ubc ncgakac
ncgakac h`b ub lstak` h`crt
h`crtcf`,
cf`, sus tr` tlrcpáutah`, s`b fanlrlbhacf`s, ls p`sadkl lstufacrk`s y lb
h`gubahcha`bls sl mchlb lshcscs. slócrk`s. Lk tlrcplutc, lbt`bhls, pulfl cbckazcr su hcpchafcf
Lk tlrcplutc sl cslgljc c k`s galgdr`s fl kc ncgakac lb pcrc ch`g`fcrsl, fl tck g`f` qul cuglbtl sus kçgatls cnlh
t`f`s k`s rcsi`s ubavlrsckls fl kc h`bfahaøb mugcbc. _`r k` tav`s y flscrr`kkl sus hcpchafcfls.
tcbt`, sl pkcbtlcrãb satucha`bls lb kcs qul talblb lxplralbhacs
h`gubls. Lk tlrcplutc pulfl p`blr lk chlbt` lb lkkcs pcrc
glzhkcrsl h`b kc ncgakac lb ubc `plrchaøb gagátahc. H`gu FACIB@XVAH@
bahcha`bls tckls h`g`: "gl hcsá h`b ubc gujlr va`klbtc", "s`y
ub lstufacbtl flk Vckguf", "sá k` qul qualrl flhar slr p`drl", Lb tlrcpac ncgakacr, lk facibøstah` ls kc mapøtlsas fl trcdc
"tlbi` f`s maj`s cf`klshlbtls", y "tlbac ubc tac h`g` lsc", nc  j` qul lk tlrcplutc
tlrcplutc flsc
flscrr`
rr`kkc
kkc c pcrtar
pcrtar fl sus lxplralbha
lxplralbhacs
cs y
`dslrvcha`bls rlkcha`bcfcs h`b su pr`hls` fl ubaøb h`b kc
v`rlhlb lk slbtaf` fl pcrlbtlsh`, slóckcbf` qul tcbt` lk tl-
31? 313

ncgakac. Lstl tap` fl lvckuchaøb, h`b su n`h` abtlrplrs`bck, haøb y rllstruhturchaøb, tck h`g` k` rlvlkc kc g`fanahchaøb fl
fanalrl rcfahckglbtl flk pr`hls` mcdatuckglbtl flsaibcf` h` kcs ckacbzcs y h`ckaha`bls flk sastlgc y fl k`s sudsastlgcs
g` facibøstah` lb kc tlrgab`k`içc psaquaãtrahc. \b facibøstah` lb rlspulstc c kcs harhubstcbhacs hcgdacbtls.

psaquaãtrah`
lk pchalbtl yrlqualrl kc rlh`pakchaøb
kc ctraduhaøb fl fct`s
fl ub røtuk` fl ` chlrhc
ck h`gpklj` fl
fl abn`r- Lb tlrhlr
tlgc kuicr,
ncgakacr, su lk tlrcplutc lxcgabc
slbsadakafcf cbtl kcs kcchha`bls
rls`bcbhac flk sas
abfavafuckls
gchaøb csç rlubaf`. \b facibøstah` ncgakacr, p`r su pcrtl, rl fl k`s galgdr`s. V`fcs kcs ncgakacs `hupcb ub kuicr fltlr
qualrl kc ch`g`fchaøb flk tlrcplutc c kc ncgakac pcrc n`rgcr gabcf` lb ubc lshckc lbtrl lk cikutabcgalbt`, ` ubc slbsada
ub sastlgc tlrcpáutah` sliuaf` p`r su lvckuchaøb fl sus lx kafcf tcb lxtrlgc c kcs abtlrvlbha`bls fl hcfc ub` fl sus
plralbhacs fl kc abtlrchhaøb fl kc ncgakac lb lk prlslbtl. galgdr`s qul lk ugdrck pcrc kc chtavchaøb fl k`s glhcbasg`s
Lk lbn`qul fl kc ncgakac lb rlkchaøb h`b su pr`dklgc sl fl lstcdakafcf ls abcflhucfcglbtl dcj`, y lk flskaicgalbt`,
`ralbtc p`r k` ilblrck mchac lk abfavafu` y mchac lk pcscf`. ` ubc slbsadakafcf tcb rlfuhafc c kcs abtlrvlbha`bls fl sus
Kc ncgakac kklic c tlrcpac fldaf` ck sunragalbt` ` cb`gckçc galgdr`s qul lk ugdrck pcrc kc chtavchaøb fl k`s glhcbasg`s
fl ub galgdr`, lk pchalbtl aflbtanahcf`. Lk `djltav` fl fl lstcdakafcf ls abcflhucfcglbtl ckt`.
sus galgdr`s h`bsastl lb qul lk tlrcplutc hcgdal ck pchalbtl Lb hucrt` kuicr, lk tlrcplutc lxcgabc lk h`btlxt` fl vafc
aflbtanahcf`. _rltlbflb qul lk tlrcplutc hcgdal kc satuchaøb sab fl kc ncgakac, cbckazcbf` kcs nulbtls fl cp`y` y fl strlss lb
g`fanahcr sus pcutcs trcbschha`bckls mcdatuckls. Lb lnlht`, kc lh`k`içc fl kc ncgakac. Lb quabt` kuicr, lxcgabc lk lstcfa`
kc ncgakac rlqualrl ub rlt`rb` c kc satuchaøb tck h`g` lrc cb fl flscrr`kk` fl kc ncgakac y su rlbfagalbt` lb kcs tcrlcs
tls fl qul k`s sçbt`gcs flk pchalbtl aflbtanahcf` kklicslb c cpr`pacfcs c lstl lstcfa`. Q, lb slxt` kuicr, lxpk`rc kcs n`r
slr agp`sadkls fl gcbljcr. gcs lb qul k`s sçbt`gcs flk pchalbtl aflbtanahcf` s`b utaka
Lk tlrcplutc, sab lgdcri`, h`bsaflrc ck pchalbtl aflbtana zcf`s pcrc lk gcbtlbagalbt` fl kcs pcutcs prlnlrafcs p`r kc
hcf` sagpklglbtl h`g` lk galgdr` fl kc ncgakac qul lxprlsc, ncgakac.
flk g`f` gãs vasadkl, ub pr`dklgc qul cnlhtc ck sastlgc lb Lk facibøstah` lb kc tlrcpac ncgakacr sl k`irc c trcvás flk
su t`tckafcf. Lkk` b` saibanahc qul lk pchalbtl aflbtanahcf` slc pr`hls` abtlrchha`bck fl ubaøb. Kc lstruhturc fl kc ncgakac,
arrlklvcbtl c kc tlrcpac. Tlqulrarã ubc ctlbhaøb pcrtahukcr. _lr` lk ircf` fl nklxadakafcf abmlrlbtl c lkkc, kc rls`bcbhac flk sas
kc ncgakac lb su t`tckafcf fldl slr lk dkcbh` fl kcs abtlrvlb tlgc y kc p`sahaøb flk pchalbtl aflbtanahcf` s`b, t`f`s, lbtls
ha`bls tlrcpáutahcs. \b `djltav` flk pr`hls` fl facibøstah` abvasadkls qul søk` pulflb plrhadarsl c trcvás fl kc ch`g`fc
h`bsastl lb cgpkacr kc h`bhlptuckazchaøb flk pr`dklgc. Lk n`h` haøb flk tlrcplutc c lkk`s y su lxpk`rchaøb flk sastlgc. Lk faci
abfavafuck glfacbtl lk huck kc ncgakac mc h`bhlptuckazcf` y bøstah` fl kc ncgakac cpcrlhl lb lk gcpc ncgakacr. Xab lgdcri`,
lbhcrcf` lk pr`dklgc fldl slr cgpkacf` pcrc abhkuar kcs trcb h`g` lstl gcpc sl rlkcha`bc abtagcglbtl h`b kcs hcrchtlrçsta
schha`bls fl kc ncgakac lb su h`btlxt` mcdatuck. hcs fl kc afa`sabhrcsac tcbt` flk tlrcplutc h`g` fl kc ncgakac,
Ck lvckucr kcs trcbschha`bls fl kc ncgakac, lk tlrcplutc sl lk facibøstah` abhkuyl tcgdaáb lk g`f` lb qul kc ncgakac rls
h`bhlbtrc lb slas ãrlcs nubfcglbtckls: lb praglr kuicr, h`b p`bfl ck tlrcplutc.
saflrc kc lstruhturc fl kc ncgakac, sus pcutcs trcbschha`bckls _`r ljlgpk`, lk pcfrl fl ubc ncgakac rlckazc ub g`bøk`i`
prlnlradkls y kcs cktlrbctavcs fasp`badkls. Lb sliubf` kuicr, lb lk qul lxpkahc ckiub`s csplht`s fl kc vafc pcscfc fl ub`
lvckúc kc nklxadakafcf flk sastlgc y su hcpchafcf fl lkcd`rc- fl k`s baó`s qul, lb `pabaøb fl kc ncgakac, s`b kc hcusc fl

314 318

k`s pr`dklgcs chtuckls flk baó`. Lk tlrcplutc lshuhmc lstl gasgc ubc abtlrvlbhaøb gcsavc. Lk tlrcplutc fl ncgakac fldl
gctlrack mastørah`, plr` tcgdaáb `dslrvc qul lk pcfrl ls lk rlh`b`hlr su abnkulbhac lb lk hucfr` prlslbtcf` p`r kc nc
p`rtcv`z fl kc ncgakac y qul lk rlst` fl kc ncgakac ls guy gakac. B` pulfl `dslrvcr c kc ncgakac y rlckazcr ub facibøstah`
pcsav`. flsfl "cnulrc".
Lbt`bhls lxpk`rc. Suazã kl prliubtc c kc gcfrl su vlrsaøb Lk facibøstah` abtlrchha`bck sl g`fanahc h`bstcbtlglbtl c
fl k` qul prlslbtc lk pcfrl. Kc rlchhaøb fl kc ncgakac cbtl glfafc qul kc ncgakac csagakc ck tlrcplutc, sl ch`g`fc c ák,
lstc abfcichaøb h`bstatuyl `tr` lklglbt` lslbhack fl kc abn`r y rllstruhturc ` rlsastl kcs abtlrvlbha`bls rllstruhturcbtls. Lstc
gchaøb qul lk tlrcplutc rlh`il. Vckls lstufa`s fl kc `ric ls `trc fanlrlbhac lbtrl lstl tap` fl facibøstah` y lk facibøs
bazchaøb ncgakacr sushatcb ubc gabahrasas, qul pr`p`rha`bc fc tah` psaquaãtrah` stcbfcrf. \b facibøstah` abfavafuck ls ub
t`s vãkaf`s chlrhc fl kcs ãrlcs fl nklxadakafcf y k`s kçgatls fl røtuk` lstãtah`, qul p`bl lk chlbt` s`drl kcs hcrchtlrçstahcs
t`klrcbhac. psah`køiahcs gãs b`tcdkls flk abfavafu` l agpkahc qul lkkcs
Lk h`btlbaf` fl kcs h`gubahcha`bls fl ubc ncgakac c ub rlsastlb c k`s hcgda`s lb lk h`btlxt` s`hack. Lb kc tlrcpac fl
tlrcplutc, lb pcrtahukcr lb ub h`galbz`, lstã p`r k` ilblrck ncgakac, sl h`bsaflrc qul k`s abfavafu`s y kcs ncgakacs sl
huafcf`scglbtl `ricbazcf`
rãhtlr rçiaf` fldaf` y, c glbuf`,
c kcs nrlhulbtls mc csugaf`
rlpltaha`bls. ub hc
Xl trctc fl rlkcha`bcb
vlbtcjc fl yubhcgdacb fl chulrf`
facibøstah` h`brlkcha`bcf`
lv`kutav` su h`btlxt`h`bs`hack. Kc
lk h`b
ubc vlrsaøb `nahack fl k`s ch`btlhagalbt`s, qul pr`p`rha`bc ubc tlxt` h`bsastl lb lk mlhm` fl qul pr`p`rha`bc cplrturcs pcrc
abn`rgchaøb gçbagc ck tlrcplutc. Lk gctlrack qul lk tl kc abtlrvlbhaøb tlrcpáutahc. Lk facibøstah` y kc tlrcpac sl
rcplutc lxtrcl hucbf` sl cs`hac h`b kc ncgakac sl lbhulbtrc mchlb abslpcrcdkls.
dcj` ub h`btr`k h`ibatav` glb`r y, p`r k` ilblrck, s`gltaf` Lstl tap` fl facibøstah` ls tcgdaáb abslpcrcdkl fl kc pr`i
c ubc glb`r vaiakcbhac, pr`p`rha`bcbf` ub ctasd` fl kcs pcu b`sas. Kc fltlrgabchaøb fl k`s abtlrhcgda`s fl kc ncgakac fls
tcs trcbschha`bckls sudychlbtls. puás fl kc cs`hachaøb fl kc ncgakac h`b lk tlrcplutc rlvlkc
Lb halrt` slbtaf`, lk facibøstah` abtlrchha`bck sl k`irc c pcutcs trcbschha`bckls cktlrbctavcs qul pulflb aflbtanahcrsl
trcvás flk pr`hls` fl rlh`pakcr fanlrlbtls hkcsls fl abn`rgc h`g` saibanahctavcs lb lk hrlhagalbt` tlrcpáutah`. V`f` tap`
haøb. @ricbazcf` lb ubc slhulbhac køiahc lb tárgab`s fl sai fl facibøstah` ls, sagpklglbtl, ubc n`rgc fl fasp`blr fct`s.
banahchaøb flk gctlrack prlslbtcf`, k` qul kcs plrs`bcs fahlb Lk tlrcplutc fl ncgakac talbl kc vlbtcjc fl trcdcjcr h`b lk
ls agp`rtcbtl. Vcgdaáb k` s`b kcs h`gubahcha`bls b` vlrdc h`bhlpt` fl ub sastlgc fl plrs`bcs abtlrh`blhtcfcs qul sl
kls, h`g` lk t`b` fl v`z ` kcs vchakcha`bls nrlhulbtls. Lk `rflb abnkuylb gutucglbtl. _`r k` tcbt`, sa su fasp`sahaøb fl k`s
fl kcs `dslrvcha`bls plrgatl tcgdaáb `dtlblr ub gctlrack cfa fct`s k` kklvc c ub pr`dklgc abs`kudkl, dushc ub ãbiuk` fa
ha`bck: quaáb mcdkc y c qualb y huãbf`. Kuli` lk lstaguk` nlrlbtl rlkcha`bcf` h`b k`s gasg`s nlbøglb`s h`gpklj`s. _`r
flk tlrcplutc pr`p`rha`bc abn`rgchaøb chlrhc fl pcutcs trcb ljlgpk`, lk facibøstah` flk sló`r Xgatm h`g` abfavafu` cia
schha`bckls cktlrbctavcs, qul slóckcb kc nklxadakafcf fl kc `r tcf`, flpragaf`, pr`p`rha`bc ck psaquactrc qul k` trctc farlh
icbazchaøb ncgakacr hucbf` ástc sl g`vakazc lb lk h`btlxt` fl ha`bls kagatcfcs pcrc kc tlrcpac y ubc pr`ib`sas p`drl. Lk
kc slsaøb tlrcpáutahc. praglr y trcbsat`ra` facibøstah` flk tlrcplutc fl ncgakac
Lk agpcht` flk tlrcplutc s`drl kc ncgakac n`rgc pcrtl flk lb rlkchaøb h`b lk sló`r y kc sló`rc Xgatm h`g` pcrljc lb ab
facibøstah`. Kc abtr`fuhhaøb flk tlrcplutc h`bstatuyl lb sa tlrchhaøb ls lk fl qul kc sló`rc Xgatm blhlsatc kc cyufc flk
316 31<

sló`r Xgatm pcrc suplrcr sus pr`dklgcs slxuckls. Lk faci Lk h`btrct` tlrcpáutah` tcgdaáb lxpkçhatc kc k`içstahc fl kc
bøstah` ls tcb h`rrlht` y tcb pcrhack h`g` lk cbtlra`r, plr` tlrcpac. Lk trctcgalbt` pulfl rlckazcrsl lb lk h`bsukt`ra`, lb
talbl kc vlbtcjc fl h`bfuhar c ub cd`rfcjl t`tckglbtl fas kc hcsc, lb kc lshulkc, pulfl flspkczcrsl fl ub kuicr c `tr`.
tabt` flk trctcgalbt`, qul cyufc c kc ncgakac Xgatm. Lk
rls tlrcplutc pulfl rlstrabiarsl
` pulfl cyufcr c kc ncgakac clbk`ssuspr`dklgcs abtrcncgakac-
fanahuktcfls h`b `trcs
abstcbhacs. Lk h`btrct` tlrcpáutah` lsplhanahc kc nrlhulbhac
LK H@BVTCV@ VLTC_Á\VAH@ fl kcs slsa`bls, y furcbtl huãbt` talgp` sl lxtlbflrãb. V`f`s
\b lklglbt` lslbhack fl kc n`rgchaøb fl ub sastlgc tlrc lst`s tárgab`s pulflb g`fanahcrsl c glfafc qul kc tlrcpac
páutah` lstã h`bstatuaf` p`r lk chulrf` lb rlkchaøb h`b ub lv`kuha`bc, plr` flsfl lk h`galbz` sl fldl ckhcbzcr ub halr
h`btrct` tlrcpáutah`. Kc ncgakac flslc qul lk pr`dklgc qul t` ircf` fl h`gprlbsaøb.
prlslbtc slc rlsulkt` sab abtlrnlrlbhacs h`b sus pcutcs trcbsch
ha`bckls
ha`bc kls prlnlraf
prlnlrafcs.
cs. _lr` lk hcgda` flk pchalbtl aflbtanahcf` fl
plbflrã pr`dcdklglbtl fl kc trcbsn`rgchaøb fl kc ncgakac. Lk \BA@B H@B K@X X\DXAXVLGCX
tlrcplutc fl ncgakac flscrr`kkc lk n`h` flk pr`dklgc pcrc ab
hkuar kcs abtlrchha`bls ncgakacrls, y lb kc gcy`r pcrtl fl k`s Lb ilblrck, kc ubaøb h`b ub sudsastlgc h`bstatuyl ubc ab
hcs`s ckiub`s csplht`s fl kcs abtlrchha`bls ncgakacrls sl h`b tlrvlbhaøb rllstruhturcbtl, fldaf` c qul `tr`s galgdr`s fl
vlrtarãb lb `djltav`s fl kc tlrcpac. H`bslhulbtlglbtl, kc nc kc ncgakac fldlb rlcirupcrsl pcrc cds`rdlr lk agpcht` fl kc
gakac y lk tlrcplutc fldlb k`ircr ub chulrf` lb k` qul h`b ckacbzc flk p`flr`s` tlrcplutc h`b `tr` sudsastlgc. Xab lg
halrbl c kc bcturcklzc flk pr`dklgc y k`s `djltav`s flk hcgda`. dcri`, kc táhbahc flplbfl tcgdaáb fl kc mcdakafcf flk tlrc
Ls p`sadkl qul kcs hcrchtlrçstahcs fl lstl h`btrct` b` lstáb plutc lb k` qul h`bhalrbl ck ch`g`fcgalbt` y ck rlcsliur`
flnabafcs h`b hkcrafcf, plr`, fl t`fcs gcblrcs, fldl lstcr prl fl k`s galgdr`s fl kc ncgakac.
slbtl. Lb ub praglr g`glbt`
g`glbt` y fl slr blhlscra`
blhlscra`,, pulfl Xlr Hucbf` lk tlrcplutc trcdcjc h`b ubc ncgakac, sl cs`hac c k`s
guy kagatcf`, plr` sl flscrr`kkcrã y hcgdacrã h`b lk talgp`. fanlrlbtls sudsastlgcs lb fanlrlbtls n`rgcs, ch`g`fãbf`sl c
Ck aiuck qul lk facibøstah`, lv`kuha`bc c glfafc qul kc tl kcs pcutcs fl abtlrhcgda` abtlrbcs fl hcfc ub`, c su lstak`,
rcpac pr`irlsc. cnlht` y klbiucjl. _`r ljlgpk` lk klbiucjl, blhlsafcfls y slb
Lk h`btrct` pkcbtlc ubc pr`glsc fl cyufc pcrc kc ncgakac tagalbt`s fl k`s cf`klshlbtls s`b guy fanlrlbtls fl k`s fl
h`b lk pr`dklgc qul mc trcçf` c tlrcpac. Xa lb ub praglr k`s baó`s gãs plquló`s. Ckiub`s tlrcplutcs fl ncgakac talb
g`glbt` kc cgpkachaøb flk n`h` b` ls p`sadkl, lk h`btrct` flb c ch`g`fcrsl c k`s cfukt`s fl )c ncgakac, lb fltraglbt` fl
pul
pulfl
fl rlfuharsl ck pr`dkl
pr`dklgc
gc "Çbfahl: k` cyufcrá h`b J`l". k`s baó`s. Lb ckiub`s hcs`s, lkk` pulfl justanahcrsl fldaf` c qul
_r`bt`, sab lgdcri`, su cgpkatuf sl abhrlglbtcrã: "ustlf talbl k`s pcfrls talblb gãs p`flr y s`b gãs cpt`s pcrc h`bstatuarsl
ub pr`dklgc pcrc fashapkabcr c sus maj`s5 k` cyufcrá tcgdaáb lb abstbaglbt`s bcturckls fl kc rllstruhturchaøb fl kc ncgakac.
h`b lsl pr`dklgc*'. Nabckglbtl, lk h`btrct` pulfl cdcrhcr ub _lr` lb `trcs `hcsa`bls kc hcusc fl lstl lbn`qul ls, lb rlcka
ãrlc t`tckglbtl bulvc: "ustlf y su lsp`sc talblb chtatufls fcf, kc hcrlbhac fl mcdakafcf flk tlrcplutc pcrc ch`g`fcrsl
t`tckglbtl fanlrlbtls lb k` qul sl rlnalrl c kc lfuhchaøb fl lb rlkchaøb h`b baó`s lb fanlrlbtls ltcpcs fl flscrr`kk`.
sus maj`s. Fldlrlg`s lxpk`rcr lstl ãrlc lb h`bjubt`**. C glbuf`, ub baó` plquló` rlsp`bfl c prliubtcs cdstrcl-

31> 319

tcs qul kl pkcbtlc ub lxtrcó` fahalbf` "b` sá" h`b ubc rls dr`s fl kc ncgakac abmadarã sab fufc lk flspkaliul fl k`s sl
pulstc g`b`sakãdahc. Ls p`sadkl qul garl c sus pcfrls, lspl hrlt`s y ncbtcsgcs ncgakacrls, plr` lb ckiubcs harhubstcbhacs
rcbf` qul lkk`s rlsp`bfcb lb su kuicr y qul, ck glb`s, kl lk trcdcj` h`b sudsastlgcs slpcrcf`s h`bstatuyl ub rlhurs`
pr`p`rha`blb ubc suilrlbhac b` vlrdck chlrhc fl høg` rls rllstruhturcf`r sugcglbtl útak. Lb kcs ncgakacs sugcglbtl ciku
p`bflr. Lkk` pulfl fldlrsl c qul lk baó` rlsp`bfl lb n`rgc tabcfcs, p`r ljlgpk`, kc fldakafcf fl k`s kagatls fl ub sastl-
flnlbsavc, plr` tcgdaáb c qul kc prliubtc nul n`rgukcfc lb gc h`b lklvcfc rls`bcbhac ls pct`iábah`. Lb kc ncgakac h`b
ub "klbiucjl cfukt`" ` flgcsacf` cdstrcht`, abcflhucf` h`b pulrtcs cdalrtcs, kc rllstruhturchaøb sl dcsø lb kc flnabahaøb
lk bavlk fl flscrr`kk` h`ibatav` flk baó`. fl hkcr`s kçgatls ckrlflf`r flk lsp`s` y fl kc lsp`sc y ckrlfl
\b tlrcplutc fl ncgakac fldl slr hcpcz fl ch`g`fcrsl ck f`r fl kc majc cf`klshlbtl, k` qul plrgataø ub halrt` flscrr`kk`
klbiucjl flk baó`. Lb kc slsaøb h`b kc ncgakac F`ffs, kc `pl fl kc abtagafcf fl cgd`s sudsastlgcs.
rchaøb fl ubaøb gãs abtlbsc flk tlrcplutc sl pr`fuhl hucbf` Lb ubc ncgakac lb kc qul k`s lsp`s`s sl ctchcdcb h`bs
abtlbtc lstcdklhlr h`btcht` h`b lk dldá fl falz glsls. C tck tcbtlglbtl lb h`bnkaht`s hrlhalbtls, qul sl fltlbçcb søk` hucb
lnlht`, sl salbtc lb lk pas` y kl mchl h`squakkcs. Lk mug`r f` k`s pcfrls sl ubçcb pcrc chuscr c ub` fl k`s maj`s cf`kls
fl kc ncgakac
tanahcf` hcgdac lb
sl h`bvalrtl y kckcgcfrl
gcfrlchuscf`rc
`riukk`sc flk
flk pchalbtl aflb
nlkaz y chtav` hlbtls,
pafalbf`lk ctlrcplutc puf`
k`s pcfrls qulg`fanahcr lstc satuchaøb
trcaicb s`kcglbtl c k`sfasnubha`bck
trls maj`s
baó`. Lxastl ub blt` abhrlglbt` flk slbtaf` fl chlptchaøb y glb`rls fl slas. Furcbtl trls slsa`bls, lk tlrcplutc, k`s pc
cp`y` lbtrl k`s galgdr`s fl kc ncgakac. Lb kc ncgakac I`rflb, frls y k`s baó`s sl slbtcr`b lb lk sulk` y h`bstruylr`b t`rrls
hucbf` lk tlrcplutc lstcdklhl lk h`btcht` abahack h`b ub baó` y cut`s fl hcrrlrc. Lb prlslbhac fl k`s glb`rls nul p`sadkl
csustcf`, utakazcf` h`g` hmav` lgascra`, rlhurrl ck h`bhrlt` abtr`fuhar ub cp`y` gutu` lbtrl k`s pcfrls, agp`sadkl fl k`
klbiucjl fl k`s ilst`s. "°Lk nuli` lrc csç fl ircbfl00, mchl ircr lb lk irup` prlva`.
lk ilst`, "°` csç fl ircbfl0". _crc k`ircr qul lk cbiustacf`
baó` rlsp`bfc, saiul pkcbtlcbf` prliubtcs qul rlqualrlb søk` Hucbf` kc tlrcpac sl abahac, lk tlrcplutc abvatc c t`f`s k`s
ub "sç" ` ub "b`". \bc vlz qul Gcbfy mc rlsp`bfaf` trls galgdr`s fl ub m`icr c h`bhurrar c kcs slsa`bls. Xa scdl qul
` huctr` vlhls, lk tlrcplutc sl crralsic c pkcbtlcr ubc prl sl trctc fl ubc ncgakac lxtlbsc, abhkuyl c k`s cdulk`s. Xa mcy
iubtc qul rlqualrl ubc flshraphaøb. Cuglbtc ircfuckglbtl kc ckiúb `tr` cfukt` rlkcha`bcf` lb n`rgc saibanahctavc h`b ubc
h`gpkljafcf fl su klbiucjl. H`b lk baó` pcrlbtck, utakazc lk ncgakac lb kc qul lxastl søk` ubc naiurc pctlrbc, abtlbtc lstc
h`btcht` h`rp`rck y kc durkc pcrc k`ircr qul lk baó` trcbsgatc dklhlr h`btcht` h`b lsc plrs`bc. X`kahatc c kc ncgakac qul chu
lb su hcsc su glbscjl rllstruhturcbtl qul slóckc qul lk baó` fc h`b t`f`s k`s maj`s, abhkuylbf` c k`s gãs plquló`s, c kcs
pcrlbtck fldl fljcr k` qul h`rrlsp`bfl c kc gcfrl lb gcb`s slsa`bls abahackls. Xus `dslrvcha`bls fl t`fc kc ncgakac cyu
fl ástc. "Lstãs `hupcf`, padl", kl fahl, "flgcsacf` `hupcf`". fcb ck tlrcplutc c aflbtanahcr k`s fanlrlbtls g`f`s lb qul k`s
Kc utakazchaøb fl fanlrlbtls sudsastlgcs ncgakacrls pulfl slr fanlrlbtls galgdr`s fl kc ncgakac pcrtahapcb lb lk gcbtlba
ubc táhbahc útak. Ckiub`s tlrcplutcs fl ncgakac s`stalblb qul galbt` fl pcutcs trcbschha`bckls fasnubha`bckls. Vcgdaáb pr`
lk trctcgalbt` fldl rlckazcrsl lb prlslbhac fl t`f`s k`s galg p`rha`bc lklglbt`s pcrc lvckucr lk p`flr rlkctav` fl k`s fanl
dr`s fl kc ncgakac, pcrc p`flr k`ircr csa h`gubahcha`bls cdalr rlbtls galgdr`s fl kc ncgakac pcrc lnlhtucr ` pcrc rlsastar
tcs. Lk trcdcj` lxhkusavcglbtl lb prlslbhac fl t`f`s k`s galg- hcgda`s lb lk slb` fl kc ncgakac. Fasp`balbf` fl lstcs `d-
31= 311

slrvcha`bhs, lk tlrcplutc pulfl h`btchtcr lstrctáiahcglbtl h`b h`bjubtc pcrc abtlbtcr ubc g`fanahchaøb fl lstc pcutc trcb-
fltlrgabcf`s sudsastlgcs ncgakacrls, lxhkuylbf` `tr`s. schha`bck. _`r ljlgpk`, lk tlrcplutc kl csaibc c kc gcfrl H`r-
Kc abhkusaøb y kc lxhkusaøb fl k`s galgdr`s fl kc ncgakac flb kc tcrlc fl lbslócr ck baó`, ck qul mc utakazcf` h`g`
lb kc ubafcf tlrcpáutahc lb hurs` h`bstatuylb ubc lstrctliac hmav`
lb kc lgascra`,
qul t`f`slkk`sg`f` fl lbhlbflr
galgdr`s nøsn`r`s.lstãb
fl kc ncgakac Lb kc slsaøb,
prlslbtls,
sugcglbtl útak pcrc lxpk`rcr kc n`rgc lb qul nubha`bcb k`s
sudsastlgcs lb h`btlxt`s hcgdacbtls. Csç, ub baó` pcrlbtck lstcdklhl ub kçgatl qul lvatc qul k`s `tr`s trls baó`s abtlr
pulfl slr `dlfalbtl hucbf` sus pcfrls lstãb prlslbtls y h`b nalrcb lb lk flscrr`kk` fl ubc rlkchaøb gcfrl-pchalbtl circ
vlrtarsl lb ub fásp`tc hucbf` sl `hupc flk sudsastlgc nrc fcdkl.
tlrb`. Kc gcfrl, qul sl flslgplóc lb n`rgc lnahcz nrlbtl c Lb ckiub`s hcs`s, kc chtavafcf fl ub galgdr` abcflhucfc
sus maj`s, pulfl fljcr fl mchlrk` lb prlslbhac fl su pr`pac glbtl hlbtrck fl kc ncgakac pulfl slr hlrhlbcfc lb lk gcrh`
gcfrl. \b baó` qul ls pr`tliaf` p`r su gcfrl pulfl h`b fl ubc slsaøb. Lk tlrcplutc pulfl dk`qulcr su chhaøb p`balb
vlrtarsl lb hmav` lgascra` lb lk sudsastlgc nrctlrb`. Lb nc f` lk chlbt` lb su pr`pac chtavafcf. _ulfl lbvacr ck galgdr`
gakacs h`b guhm`s maj`s lk sudsastlgc nrctlrb` sl sudfavafl hlbtrck nulrc fl kc mcdatchaøb pcrc qul `dslrvl kc slsaøb fl
cub gãs, lk lbhulbtr` h`b k`s pcfrls y h`b k`s fanlrlbtls sud- trãs fl ub vafra` h`b vasaøb ubakctlrck. @, sagpklglbtl, pulfl
irup`s nrctlrb`s prlslbtc pcb`rcgcs sugcglbtl fanlrlbtls fl cuglbtcr kc fastcbhac lbtrl lstl galgdr` y lk rlst` fl kc
kcs pcutcs trcbschha`bckls fl kc ncgakac. ncgakac hcgdacbf` kc fasp`sahaøb fl k`s csalbt`s fl tck g`f`
Lb lk hcs` fl ckiubcs ncgakacs, lk tlrcplutc trcdcjc salg qul su pcrtahapchaøb sl vlc kagatcfc. Ls p`sadkl, lbt`bhls, qul
prl h`b lk irup` t`tck. Lb `trcs, slklhha`bc ck irup` qul lb k`s pr`hls`s qul lb `trcs harhubstcbhacs mudalslb plrgcblhaf`
su `pabaøb ls lk gãs cflhucf`, cktlrbcbf` h`b fanlrlbtls iru `hukt`s cpcrlzhcb.
p`s lb nubhaøb fl kc fabãgahc lb hurs`. Lb ilblrck, lk tlrc Lk tlrcplutc pulfl chtucr h`g` ub flkablcf`r fl kçgatls
plutc fldl pr`tlilr kc abtagafcf fl k`s høbyuils fl kc ab flbtr` fl kc ncgakac, cs`haãbf`sl c ub sudsastlgc fl kc nc
trusaøb. Hucbf` trcdcjc h`b ncgakacs h`b maj`s cf`klshlbtls, gakac y lxhkuylbf` c `tr`s lb lk trcbshurs` fl kcs slsa`bls
lk tlrcplutc pulfl rlckazcr slsa`bls abfavafuckls h`b hcfc rlckazcfcs h`b kc ncgakac lb su t`tckafcf. _`r ljlgpk`, pulfl
cf`klshlbtl, k` qul kl plrgatl lxpk`rcr flslbkchls p`sadkls lb hrlcr harhuat`s il`irãnah`s qul nchakatcb kc h`gubahchaøb søk`
n`rgc cutøb`gc y lstcdklhlr ubc rlkchaøb h`b ub cfukt` lxtrc- lbtrl ckiub`s galgdr`s fl kc ncgakac. V`fcs lstcs abtlrvlb
ncgakacr saibanahctav`, k` qul b` slrçc p`sadkl flbtr` flk gcr ha`bls lb sudsastlgcs s`b útakls tcgdaáb h`g` lxpk`rcha`bls
h` flk irup` ncgakacr t`tck. flbtr` flk gcrh` flk pr`hls` fl facibøstah`.
Lk trcdcj` h`b fanlrlbtls sliglbt`s fl kc ncgakac pulfl slr
ubc táhbahc rllstruhturcbtl. _`r ljlgpk`, lk tlrcplutc pulfl
favafar c k`s galgdr`s fl ubc h`ckahaøb. _ulfl vlr c f`s \BA@B Q TLLXVT\HV\TCHAØB
galgdr`s fl ubc ncgakac qul mcb n`rgcf` ubc h`ckahaøb ls-
tcdkl lb lk trcbshurs` fl vcracs slsa`bls sab kc prlslbhac flk Kc slpcrchaøb lbtrl ubaøb y rllstruhturchaøb h`bstatuyl ubc
galgdr` ck qul mcb lbnrlbtcf`, flscrr`kkcbf` csç ubc rlkc fastabhaøb crtanahack, qul b` hcrchtlrazc ck flspkaliul bcturck
haøb qul b` rlqualrl ubc h`ckahaøb h`btrc bcfal. K`s galg fl kc tlrcpac. Kc ubafcf tlrcpáutahc sl lbhulbtrc lb h`btabu`
dr`s mcdatuckglbtl lbnrlbtcf`s pulflb slr vast`s lb n`rgc g`vagalbt`, y lk pr`hls` fl "ubaøb, lxpk`rchaøb, `dslrvchaøb,

4?? 4?3

lkcd`rchaøb fl ub. h`btrct` tlrcpáutah` y pr`fuhhaøb flk hcg nulrc fl kc prlslbhac flk tlrcplutc, rlqualrlb hcgda`s lspl
da` sl pr`fuhl h`bstcbtlglbtl lb ubc slhulbhac lb hcklaf`s hçnah`s lb kc `ricbazchaøb ncgakacr. Lk tlrcplutc `shakc lbtrl
h`pa`. _`r ljlgpk`, lk flscrr`kk` flk facibøstah` fl ubc nc kc p`sahaøb fl h`gpr`gas` tçpahc flk lbn`qul lxastlbhack y kc
gakac n`rgc pcrtl flk pr`hls` fl ubaøb, plr` ls p`sadkl qul p`sahaøb flskaicfc flk lxplrt`. Xab lgdcri`, t`fcs lstcs ls
lb lk gcrh` fl kc tlrcpac ubc abtlrvlbhaøb rllstruhturcbtl hulkcs rlprlslbtcb lb gcy`r glfafc ubc p`sturc tlørahc qul
pulfc flscrr`kkcrsl h`b cbtlra`rafcf c kc n`rgukchaøb fl ub ubc h`bfuhtc rlck flk tlrcplutc. Lsc h`bfuhtc pulfl fanlrar
facibøstah` tlbtctav`. lb ircb glfafc fl kc p`sahaøb tlørahc gcbanalstc flk tlrcplutc.
Lk lbtrlkczcf` qul lxastl lbtrl lk ch`g`fcgalbt` y kc rl
lstruhturchaøb ls abtlrlscbtl y h`gpklj`. Abhkus`, ls p`sadkl
hkcsanahcr c k`s tlrcplutcs fl ncgakac fl chulrf` h`b su utaka
zchaøb h`bnlsc fl kcs `plrcha`bls fl ch`g`fchaøb y rllstruh
turchaøb. Lb lk irup` "trcbsnlrlbhacN, b` sl h`bsaflrc qul lk
tlrcplutc sl ubc c kc ncgakac. K`s pr`hls`s fl ch`g`fchaøb
s`b h`bsaflrcf`s h`g` ubc pcrtl abhaflbtck fl kc tlrcpac,
qul sl fldl h`btr`kcr søk` sa kklicb c slr h`btrctrcbsnlrlbhackls.
Xl h`bsaflrc qul lk pr`hls` fl rllstruhturchaøb fl kc nc
gakac sl pr`fuhl h`g` rlsuktcf` fl kcs abtlrprltcha`bls flk
tlrcplutc ‖su chhaøb s`drl kc ncgakac c pcrtar fl ubc p`sahaøb
flskaicfc. Lk tlrcplutc sl lbhulbtrc lb ubc p`sahaøb lxtlra`r,
garcbf` mchac cflbtr`.
Lb lk irup` "lxastlbhack", sl h`bsaflrc qul lk tlrcplutc y
kc ncgakac sl ch`g`fcb gutucglbtl. Xl palbsc qul lk hcg
da` lb kc ncgakac sl pr`fuhl h`g` rlsuktcf` fl lstc ch`g`
fchaøb gutuc, y p`r k` tcbt` sl lsplrc qul lk flscrr`kk` slrã
ilbárah` y b` lsplhanah`. Xl flshckanahc c kcs `plrcha`bls y
lstrctliacs fl rllstruhturchaøb h`g` gcbapukcf`rcs h abmadaf`
rcs flk flscrr`kk`. Lk tlrcplutc `plrc flsfl lk abtlra`r, sab
flskaicrsl.
Lb lk lbn`qul "lstruhturcr, sl h`bsaflrc qul cgd`s tap`s
fl `plrchaøb s`b lslbhackls pcrc kc tlrcpac. K`s pr`hls`s fl
ch`g`fchaøb s`b `plrcha`bls lsplhçnahcs, glfacbtl kcs huckls
lk tlrcplutc k`irc ub h`b`hagalbt` sudjltav` fl kcs g`fckafc
fls fl abtlrhcgda` fl kc ncgakac y sl udahc c sç gasg` h`g`
lk kçflr flk sastlgc tlrcpáutah`. Kcs `plrcha`bls rllstruhturcb
tls, qul pulflb abhkuar kc rlckazchaøb fl tcrhcs lb lk m`icr
4?4 4?8

^AAA cht`r lb kc `drc ncgakacr. Lb kc rllstruhturchaøb, `plrc h`g`


farlht`r y h`g` cht`r. Hrlc lshlbcra`s, h`rl`ircnçc, lshkcrlhl
tlgcs y kklvc c k`s galgdr`s fl kc ncgakac c agpr`vascr flb
 KC TLLXVT\H
TLL XVT\HV\TCH
V\TCHAØB
AØB
 FL KC NCGAKAC
NCG AKAC tr`
_lr`flktcgdaáb
gcrh` sl
fl usc
k`s ckçgatls agpulst`s
sç gasg`, p`r lk frcgc
abh`rp`rãbf`sl ncgakacr.y
c ckacbzcs
h`ckaha`bls, n`rtcklhalbf` ` fldakatcbf` kçgatls y lbnrlbtcbf`
` cp`ycbf` kcs pcutcs trcbschha`bckls. \takazc su p`sahaøb fl
kaflrczi` flbtr` flk sastlgc tlrcpáutah` pcrc pkcbtlcr flscnç`s
c k`s qul kc ncgakac fldl ch`g`fcrsl.
Kcs `plrcha`bls fl rllstruhturchaøb h`bstatuylb k`s csplht`s
flsh`kkcbtls fl kc tlrcpac. X`b kcs abtlrvlbha`bls frcgãtahcs
qul hrlcb g`vagalbt` mchac kcs gltcs tlrcpáutahcs. _lr` fl
plbflb pcrc su áxat` fl ubc ubafcf tlrcpáutahc qul lstá nar
glglbtl lstcdklhafc. Hucbf` kc ubafcf tlrcpáutahc lstã søka
Kcs `plrcha`bls fl rllstruhturchaøb s`b kcs abtlrvlbha`bls fcglbtl h`bstatuafc, kcs `plrcha`bls fl rllstruhturchaøb fl
tlrcpáutahcs qul ubc ncgakac fldl lbnrlbtcr lb lk abtlbt` fl dlb pr`ylhtcrsl fl tck g`f` qul plrgatcb plrç`f`s fl h`b
k`ircr ub hcgda` tlrcpáutah`. Xl fastabiulb fl kcs `plrcha` s`kafchaøb y fl rlcirupcgalbt` c glfafc qul kc ncgakac hcgdac.
bls fl ubaøb p`r lk flscnç` qul pkcbtlcb. Kcs `plrcha`bls fl Hucbf` lk tlrcplutc sl ubl c kc ncgakac, fldl lbhcrcr f`s
ubaøb b` h`bstatuylb ub flscnç`5 fasgabuylb kc fastcbhac lb tcrlcs nubfcglbtckls. Fldl ch`g`fcrsl c kc ncgakac, plr` tcg
trl lk tlrcplutc y kc ncgakac, cyufcbf` ck tlrcplutc c glzhkcrsl daáb fldl gcbtlblrsl lb ubc p`sahaøb fl kaflrczi` flbtr` fl
h`b kc ncgakac yc qul jubt`s pcrtahapcb lb k`s ch`btlhagalbt`s kc ubafcf tlrcpáutahc. Fldl rlsastar su cds`rhaøb flbtr` flk
fl kc slsaøb tlrcpáutahc. sastlgc ncgakacr. Fldl cfcptcrsl lb ircf` sunahalbtl c kc `r
Xab lgdcri`, kcs `plrcha`bls fl rllstruhturchaøb y fl ubaøb icbazchaøb ncgakacr pcrc slr hcpcz fl abh`rp`rcrsl c lkkc, plr`
s`b abtlrflplbfalbtls. Kc tlrcpac b` pulfl k`ircrsl sab kc tcgdaáb fldl h`bslrvcr kc kadlrtcf fl abtlrvlbar fl ub g`f`
ubaøb, plr` ástc b` tlbfrã áxat` sab kc rllstruhturchaøb. C gl qul hulsta`bl kc `ricbazchaøb fl kc ncgakac, `dkaicbf` c sus
buf` rlsuktc fanahukt`s` fastabiuar lbtrl cgdcs: kc ubaøb, lb galgdr`s c ch`g`fcrsl c ák fl ub g`f` qul nchakatcrã lk
lnlht`, pulfl utakazcrsl h`g` ubc táhbahc rllstruhturcbtl. _lr` g`vagalbt` lb farlhhaøb fl k`s `djltav`s tlrcpáutah`s.
hucbf` ubc `plrchaøb fl ubaøb ls utakazcfc h`b nabls fl rl Xa ub tlrcplutc suhugdl c kc prlsaøb fl kc ncgakac pcrc qul
lstruhturchaøb, b` sl k` mchl lbnrlbtcbf` c kc ncgakac. Ls sl ubc c lkkc fl ub g`f` qul rlnulrhl y plrpltúl kc `ricbazc
p`sadkl h`gpcrcr kc táhbahc h`b lk jau jatsu. \b lxplrt` fl haøb ncgakacr, pulfl plrflr su kadlrtcf fl chhaøb. Lb lsl hcs`,
 jau jatsu
jatsu utak
utakazc
azc lk pr`p
pr`pa`
a` g`v
g`vaga
agalbt
lbt`` flk ravck
ravck pcrc flsl
flslquak
quaka
a palrfl t`f` p`flr pcrc agp`blr abtlrvlbha`bls rllstruhturcbtls.
drcrk`. Ck utakazcr `plrcha`bls fl ubaøb h`b nabls fl rllstruh- Xu cp`rtl b` mchl gãs qul h`gpklglbtcr ub sastlgc fasnub
rchaøb, lk tlrcplutc utakazc lk pr`pa` g`vagalbt` fl kc ncgakac ha`bck y cyufc c hrastckazcr kcs pcutcs trcbschha`bckls abcfcp
pcrc agpukscrkc lb kc farlhhaøb fl kcs gltcs tlrcpáutahcs. tcfcs qul fldlrçc rllstruhturcr. _`r ljlgpk`, ubc ncgakac chufl
Lb kcs `plrcha`bls fl ubaøb, lk tlrcplutc sl h`bvalrtl lb c tlrcpac fldaf` c qul kc gcfrl b` k`irc h`btr`kcr c   sus

4?6 4?<

chtav`s maj`s prhcf`klshhbtls. Lk tlrcplutc b` k`irc h`bfuhar fanlrlbtls gcblrcs, fl chulrf` h`b su pr`pac plrs`bckafcf y
kcs slsa`bls lb lk gcrh` fl kc hcøtahc chtavafcf fl kc ncgakac, rlhurs`s, csç h`g` k`s fl hcfc ncgakac qul trctc.
p`r k` huck h`galbzc c agp`blr h`btr`kls c k`s baó`s, csu
galbf` kcs nubha`bls pcrlbtckls lb kc ncgakac. H`gpklglbtcb
f` lb kuicr fl trcdcjcr pcrc k`ircr kc rllstruhturchaøb, ls HC_VCT KCX _C\VCX VTCBXCHHA@BCKLX
cds`rdaf` p`r lk sastlgc ncgakacr. Kc gcfrl hlfl p`r h`g FL KC NCGAKAC
pklt` su lshcs` f`gaba` s`drl k`s baó`s, flplbfalbf` flk
tlrcplutc mcstc tck pubt` qul, pcrc k`ircr qul kc ncgakac pulfc Cubqul lk tlrcplutc fldl gcbtlblr su p`sahaøb fl kaflrcz
sliuar nubha`bcbf`, ák fldl flslgplócr kcs nubha`bls pcrlb i`, fldl lvatcr lk plkair` fl su p`sahaøb, ls flhar lk ralsi`
tckls cflgãs fl `trcs nubha`bls ljlhutavcs. fl hlbtrckazcr lb lxhls` lk flscrr`kk` s`drl su plrs`bc. Kcs
ncgakacs chuflb c tlrcpac s`kahatcbf` cyufc fl ub lxplrt`.
Xøk` c pcrtar fl ubc p`sahaøb fl kaflrczi` lk tlrcplutc Lsplrcb mcdkcr cbtl ák y slr ch`bsljcf`s p`r ák. _`r k` tcbt`,
pulfl gcbtlblr sus p`sadakafcfls fl gcba`drcs tlrcpáutahcs talbflb c faraiarsl lxhkusavcglbtl c su plrs`bc, flshradalbf`
y su kadlrtcf pcrc gcbapukcrsl c sç gasg` y pcrc gcbapukcr
c kc ncgakac. Hucbf` sl kc cpkahc c kc tlrcpac, kc pckcdrc "gc kc Xasatuchaøb tck h`g`
lk tlrcplutc kc vlb. lstc tlbflbhac, kc slsaøb pulfl
b` h`btr`kc
bapukchaøb" pkcbtlc pr`dklgcs, fldaf` c su h`bb`tchaøb blicta flscrr`kkcrsl fl g`f` lb lk qul ák `hupl salgprl kc p`sahaøb
vc. _lr` kcs ncgakacs chuflb c tlrcpac fldaf` c qul sunrlb y bl hlbtrck, cubqul plrgcblzhc lb saklbha`. V`f` pulfl faraiarsl
hlsatcb cyufc. Kcs ncgakacs h`b lsqulgcs fasnubha`bckls hrø c ák y g`fanahcrsl lb h`bslhulbhac. Ls p`sadkl qul sl vlc
bah`s søk` pulflb slr cyufcfcs sa sl g`fanahcb ls`s lsqulgcs. csç agpkahcf` lb facfcs suhlsavcs, abhcpcz fl flskaicrsl pcrc
Lk sunragalbt` pulfl slr rlfuhaf` søk` hucbf` lk nubha`bc p`flr `dslrvcr. H`g` h`bslhulbhac fl lkk`, kc slsaøb pulfl
galbt` fl kc ncgakac glj`rc. Kc tcrhc flk tlrcplutc h`bsastl lb slr faraiafc fl chulrf` h`b sus pr`pacs sup`saha`bls y prl
gcbapukcr lk sastlgc ncgakacr pcrc k`ircr lk hcgda` dushcf`. slbtagalbt`s. @ pulfl sliuar kcs farlhha`bls najcfcs p`r lk
Fldl slr hcpcz fl rlckazcr jubtcglbtl h`b kc ncgakac `plrc galgdr` fl kc ncgakac gãs chtav` lb lk h`btlxt` fl kc slsaøb
ha`bls qul nchakatlb kc lv`kuhaøb. Lk h`btrct` tlrcpáutah` fldl tlrcpáutahc. Kcs trcbschha`bls qul csç sl sushatcb pulflb slr
rlh`b`hlr kc p`sahaøb flk tlrcplutc h`g` ub lxplrt` lb kc guy fanlrlbtls fl kcs trcbschha`bls b`rgckls fl kc ncgakac.
gcbapukchaøb lxplraglbtck s`hack. @tr` plkair` ls lk fl qul kc slsaøb sl rlstrabjc c kcs fls
Lxastlb p`r k` glb`s saltl hctli`rçcs fl `plrcha`bls rlls- hrapha`bls fl kc ncgakac, fldaf` c qul kcs pcutcs trcbschha`
truh-turcbtls: lk hcptcr kcs pcutcs trcbschha`bckls fl kc ncgakac, bckls rlckls fl ubc ncgakac pulflb slr t`tckglbtl flsh`b`
lk slóckcgalbt` fl k`s kçgatls, lk chrlhlbtcgalbt` flk strlss, hafcs p`r lkkc. _ulflb flshradar lb n`rgc lshrupuk`sc lk g`f`
kc csaibchaøb fl tcrlcs, kc utakazchaøb fl k`s sçbt`gcs, kc gc lb qul h`bsaflrcb (pal sl rlkcha`bcb lbjrl sç, sab h`gprlbflr
bapukchaøb flk mug`r y lk cp`y`, lfuhchaøb ` iuçc. Lstc kastc qul sus pcutcs trcbschha`bckls s`b, lb rlckafcf, t`tckglbtl
b` ls lb cds`kut` lxmcustavc, y b` cdcrhc kcs gúktapkls vc fastabtcs. _crc `dtlblr ubc flshraphaøb vlrfcflrc, lk tlrcplutc
racha`bls fltlrgabcfcs p`r lk lstak` abfavafuck fl k`s tlrc fldl ar gãs ckkã fl kc cut`flshraphaøb vlrdck fl kc ncgakac.
plutcs y fl kcs ncgakacs-hkalbtls. V`f` tlrcplutc prlnalrl ck H`bslhulbtlglbtl, lk tlrcplutc plrgcblhl vaiakcbtl cbtl
iubcs táhbahcs lb gcy`r glfafc qul `trcs, y kcs utakazc fl k`s abfaha`s b` vlrdckls qul h`bnargcb ` h`btrcfahlb k` qul
4?> 4?9

kc ncgakac kl fahl. V`fc h`gubahchaøb ls salgprl rln`rzcfc, hac c hlbtrckazcr lb lk tlrcplutc y cyufc c k`s galgdr`s fl kc
hckanahcfc ` blicfc p`r lk h`btlxt` abtlrplrs`bck fl kc trcb ncgakac c lxplraglbtcr sus pr`pacs trcbschha`bls h`b ubc gc
schhaøb. Kc ncgakac Xgatm h`bstatuyl ub ljlgpk` akustrctav` fl y`r h`bhalbhac. Flsfl lk pubt` fl vastc flk tlrcplutc, tcg
daáb cyufc c vlr c k`s galgdr`s fl kc ncgakac lb chhaøb. Xøk`
lstc
Xgatmprlslbtchaøb fl fct`s
sl quljc p`rqul su lb gúktapkls
gcraf` ls ubcbavlkls.
plrs`bc Kc hckkcfc.
sló`rc lbt`bhls pulfl h`glbzcr c h`gprlbflr kc lstruhturc ncgakacr
_lr` h`bstcbtlglbtl k` abtlrrugpl y kl agp`bl saklbha` hucb qul sudychl c kc h`bfuhtc afa`sabhrãsahc fl sus galgdr`s.
f` ák h`galbzc c mcdkcr. Lkkc fahl qul su gcraf` ls ubc  Tl
 Tlhrl
hrl ch
chaøb
aøb fl k`s hcb ckl s fl h`gu
h` gu bah ch
chaøb
aøb .  Ls rlkctavcglbtl
plrs`bc c kc qul rlspltc l, abhkus`, tlgl. _lr` sus gabuha`scs nãhak pr`v`hcr faãk`i`s. Lk tlrcplutc pulfl prlstcr `çf`s c ubc
flshrapha`bls fl kc blhlsafcf fl ák fl h`btr`kcrkc s`b hkcrc satuchaøb lb kc qul ub galgdr` fl kc ncgakac mcdkc chlrhc
glbtl flscut`razcbtls fl ub m`gdrl ck qul rlckglbtl plrhadl fl kc h`bfuhtc fl `tr` galgdr` y faraiar ck mcdkcbtl pcrc
h`g` fádak y lbnlrg`. Lkkc slóckc qul su gcraf` h`btr`kc k`s qul mcdkl h`b lk `tr` galgdr` lb kuicr fl chlrhc suy`. Xab
h`btcht`s fl kc pcrljc h`b lk gubf` lxtrcncgakacr. _lr` su lgdcri`, lstl pr`hls` pulfl vlrsl dk`qulcf` p`r ubc ncgakac
tlbchafcf y kc nulrzc fl sus g`bøk`i`s kc satúcb h`b hkcrafcf qul absastl lb utakazcr ck tlrcplutc h`g` lshuhmc. K`s galg
lb ubc p`sahaøb fl h`btr`k fl su h`btcht` h`b lk tlrcplutc. dr`s pulflb `djltcr lb n`rgc cdalrtc qul mcb fashutaf` lk
Galbtrcs lshuhmc k` qul kl fahl kc sló`rc Xgatm, lk tlrc pr`dklgc lbtrl sç lb guhmcs `hcsa`bls y qul cm`rc flslcb
plutc rliastrc saguktãblcglbtl k`s pr`hls`s qul plrgcblhlb mcdkcr h`b lk tlrcplutc s`drl ák. @ pulflb h`glbzcr c mcdkcr
aib`rcf`s p`r kc pcrljc. Tlh`il lk gctlrack qul sl kl rlkctc, lbtrl sç y kuli` guy pr`bt` v`kvlr ck tlrcplutc. Lk tlrcplutc,
lb lk qul cgd`s høbyuils prlslbtcb ck sló`r Xgatm h`g` lk p`r k` tcbt`, fldl fasp`blr fl ub halrt` búglr` fl táhbahcs
pr`dklgc, plr` tcgdaáb lxplraglbtc y lvckúc kcs pcutcs trcb pcrc lstagukcr kc h`gubahchaøb abtrcncgakacr lb kc slsaøb. _ul
schha`bckls, qul rlnulrzcb k`s sçbt`gcs flk sló`r Xgatm. Lstc fl absastar pcrc qul kcs plrs`bcs mcdklb lbtrl sç. _ulfl lvatcr
chtatuf sabáriahc plrgatl k`ircr ubc h`gpkljafcf fl fct`s qul, garcr c ckiualb, hkcvcbf` su garcfc lb ub `djlt`. _ulfl fcr
fl `tr` g`f`, mcdrçc saf` agp`sadkl `dtlblr. vulktc su sakkc. _ulfl blicrsl c rlsp`bflr hucbf` sl farailb
 Fr
 Frcg
cg cta zch aøb fl kcs pc utc s trc bs
bsch
chha`
ha` bc kls
kls..  _ulfl slr su c ák, slóckcbf` sagpklglbtl c `tr` galgdr` fl kc ncgakac h`b
gcglbtl útak qul kc ncgakac chtúl lb kuicr fl flshradar. Lk ub ilst`. _ulfl abhkus` cdcbf`bcr kc mcdatchaøb pcrc `dslrvcr
tlrcplutc søk` pulfl rlh`ilr fct`s kagatcf`s c pcrtar fl kcs cutakazcr
kc ncgakac
lstcs trcs ub vafra`
táhbahcs fl vasaøb
ub halrt` búglr`ubakctlrck.
fl vlhls,Flspuás fl
k`s galg
flshrapha`bls fl kc ncgakac. _crc cgpkacrk`s, fldl abhatcrk`s
pcrc qul chtúlb lb su prlslbhac lb ckiubc fl kcs n`rgcs lb dr`s fl kc ncgakac chlptcrãb qul talblb qul mcdkcr lbtrl
kcs qul bcturckglbtl rlsulkvlb h`bnkaht`s, sl cp`ycb gutuc sç h`g` rlikc flk sastlgc tlrcpáutah`.
glbtl, n`rgcb ckacbzcs y h`ckaha`bls ` pr`pcicb strlss. Xl cdrl csç ubc bulvc plrsplhtavc pcrc lk tlrcplutc. _ulfl
Xu prlslbhac ls salgprl ub ncht`r qul abtr`fuhl g`fanahc h`glbzcr c prlstcr ubc glb`r ctlbhaøb c kc køiahc flk h`btl
ha`bls. Xab lgdcri`, pulfl hrlcr criuglbt`s ncgakacrls `ralb baf` y ubc gcy`r ctlbhaøb c kcs slhulbhacs g`flkcfcs lb kcs
tcbf` c fltlrgabcf`s galgdr`s fl kc ncgakac c abtlrchtucr qul sl pr`fuhlb k`s abtlrhcgda`s fl kc ncgakac. Xus `dslrvc
gutucglbtl lb ub gcrh` hkcrcglbtl flkablcf`. Kcs abstruh ha`bls pulflb slrvar sagpklglbtl pcrc rlubar fct`s qul p`s
ha`bls fldlb slr lxpkçhatcs, tckls h`g`: "mcdkc h`b tu pcfrl tlra`rglbtl abfahcrãb ub n`h` fl abtlrvlbhaøb. @ pulflb h`b
chlrhc fl  lst`".  Lstl tap` fl criuglbt` gabagazc kc tlbflb- vlrtarsl lb lk n`h` pcrc abtlrvlbha`bls tlrcpáutahcs abglfactcs.

4?= 4?1

Lb kc ncgakac Xgatm, kc `dslrvchaøb fl kc abtlrchhaøb fl kc fastcbhac lbtrl lk baó` y su gcfrl slrã ub `djltav` tlrcpáutah`,
pcrljc kl plrgatl ck tlrcplutc h`gprlbflr qul b` pulfl k` pulfl mchlrk` slpcrãbf`k`s y udahcbf` ck baó` fl tck g`f`
ircr kc hrlchaøb fl ub faãk`i` c glb`s qul csugc ubc lbár qul b` pulfc lbh`btrcrsl h`b kc garcfc fl su gcfrl.
iahc p`sahaøb fl kaflrczi` cp`ycbf` ck sló`r Xgatm. _`r k` Lb kc ncgakac F`ffs, lk pchalbtl aflbtanahcf` sl salbtc ckl
tcbt`, sl ubl ck gcraf` lb ubc h`ckahaøb h`btrc su lsp`sc, uta  jcf` flk rlst
rlst`` fl kc ncg
ncgakac,
akac, flk `tr
`tr`` kcf` flk h`tlr
h`tlrcplu
cplutc.
tc. Lk
kazcbf` lstc táhbahc pcrc `ricbazcr kc pcrtahapchaøb flk sló`r tlrcplutc kl s`kahatc ck h`tlrcplutc qul hcgdal lk csalbt`
Xgatm fl ub g`f` qul plrgatc qul sl rlvlkl h`g` gãs h`b lk mlrgcb` glb`r flk pchalbtl, slbtcbf` jubt`s c k`s
h`gpltlbtl. baó`s, fl tck g`f` qul lk pchalbtl aflbtanahcf` ls cp`ycf`
 Gc ba pu kch aø
aøbb flk
fl k ls
lspc
pc ha` .  Kc rlfastraduhaøb il`irãnahc h`
h`bs
bs y udahcf` lb lk abtlra`r fl kc ncgakac. _`stlra`rglbtl, lk tl
tatuyl `trc táhbahc pcrc frcgctazcr kcs flshrapha`bls fl kc ncga rcplutc sl udahc lb lk pas` pcrc juicr h`b lk dldá, utakazcbf`
kac. Kc udahchaøb pulfl h`bstatuar ubc gltãn`rc pcrc abtagafcf lstc p`sahaøb pcrc nchakatcr kc frcgctazchaøb fl kc hracbzc y
` fastcbhac lbtrl kcs plrs`bcs. Lb kc ncgakac H`rføb, lk kçgatl sustlbtcbf` csç kcs ncbtcsçcs fl kc ncgakac.
ckrlflf`r flk sudsastlgc pcrlbtck (gcfrl l maj` gcy`r) sl Kc udahchaøb pulfl tcgdaáb h`bstatuar ubc táhbahc pcrc ls
mc mlhm` agplrglcdkl cbtl kc majc utakazcfc h`g` hmav` lga tagukcr lk faãk`i`. Lb kc ncgakac Xgatm, lk tlrcplutc kl s`ka
scra`, Gcbfy. Lk tlrcplutc hcgdac fl csalbt` h`b kc gcfrl hatc ck sló`r Xgatm qul garl c su lsp`sc y mcdkl h`b lkkc.
fl g`f` tck qul ástc sl lbhulbtrl slbtcfc hlrhc fl su majc Hucbf` lk sló`r Xgatm flspkczc su sakkc klj`s fl su lsp`sc,
lb lk g`glbt` fl dúsqulfc fl kc s`kuhaøb. Lk tlrcplutc sl lk tlrcplutc sl cpr`xagc ck sló`r Xgatm y flspkczc kc sakkc
salbtc hlrhc flk maj` pcrlbtck, pcrc dk`qulcr kc abtlrnlrlbhac flk sló`r Xgatm gãs hlrhc fl kc fl su lsp`sc. Lk sló`r Xgatm
flk baó` lb rlkchaøb
rlkchaøb h`b lk abtlrhcgda
abtlrhcgda`` gcfr
gcfrl-ma
l-maj`
j` (Na
(Nai.
i. 64 ). udahc lbt`bhls ub hlst` fl dcsurc lbtrl ák y lk tlrcplutc.
Lb lstl sagpkl g`vagalbt` sl gcbanalstc t`f` lk frcgc fl
ub tlg`r c kc abtagafcf.
Kc udahchaøb pulfl h`bstatuar ub g`f` lnlhtav` fl trcdcjcr
h`b k`s kçgatls. Xa lk tlrcplutc flslc hrlcr ` h`bs`kafcr ub
kçgatl, pulfl h`bfuhar c k`s galgdr`s fl ub sudsastlgc ck
F` lsh g`f`, lk tlrcplutc rlfastraduyl huctr` plrs`bcs pcrc hlbtr` fl kc mcdatchaøb y udahcr c `tr`s galgdr`s fl kc nc
abfahcr ub `djltav` tlrcpáutah`: k`ircr qul sl pr`fuzhcb trcb gakac fl lspckfcs, fl tck g`f` qul pulfcb `dslrvcr plr` b`
schha`bls gcfrl-majc sab abtlrnlrlbhacs p`r pcrtl flk maj`. abtlrrugpar. Xa flslc dk`qulcr lk h`btcht` lbtrl f`s galgdr`s,
Hucbf` ubc ncgakac chufl c kc praglrc slsaøb, kc n`rgc lb pulfl slpcrcrk`s ` udahcrsl lbtrl lkk`s y chtucr h`g` glb
qul sl udahc pulfl pr`p`rha`bcr abfaha`s chlrhc fl kcs ckacb scjlr`. Kc gcbapukchaøb lspchack p`sll lk p`flr fl k` sagpkl.
zcs y h`ckaha`bls, hlbtrckafcf y caskcgalbt`. Xa ub baó` sl Xu lk`hulbhac irãnahc lshkcrlhl lk glbscjl flk tlrcplutc.
flspkczc h`b rcpaflz pcrc slbtcrsl hlrhc fl su gcfrl y chlrhc
su sakkc c kc fl lkkc, lk tlrcplutc pulfl rlckazcr sup`saha`bls
XLÓCKCGALBV@ FL K@X KAGAVLX
chlrhc fl lstc facfc. _`stlra`rglbtl, pulfl h`gpr`dcr qul
lk baó` garc c su gcfrl cbtls fl rlsp`bflr c ubc prliubtc. _crc flslbv`kvlrsl lb n`rgc sckufcdkl, kc ncgakac fldl pr`
Xa flslc dk`qulcr lstc slhulbhac, ` abfahcr qul kc hrlhalbtl tlilr kc abtlirafcf flk sastlgc t`tck y kc cut`b`gçc nubha`bck
43? 433

fl sus pcrtls. Hcfc galgdr` fl kc ncgakac y hcfc sudsastlgc hachaøb fl kc ncgakac, rlhurralbf` c prliubtcs tckls h`g`:
ncgakacr fldl bli`hacr kc cut`b`gçc l abtlrflplbflbhac fl su "°Suaáb lkail kc r`pc flk baó` fl `hm` có`s0" "°C quá m`rc
harhuat` psah`fabãgah`. sl chulstc0" "°Huãkls s`b kcs rlikcs fl kc ncgakac lb k` qul
Lk tlrcplutc fl ncgakac abtlbtc cyufcr c ástc c hrlcr lk
abtlrhcgda` nklxadkl lbtrl cut`b`gçc l abtlrflplbflbhac qul sl rlnalrlpulfl
rcplutc c kc tcgdaáb
h`gafc, `dslrvcr
c garcr tlklvasaøb,
lk g`f` lbc qul
dcócrsl0"
ub baó`Lkrls
tl
pr`g`vlrã h`b gcy`r lnahchac lk flscrr`kk` psah`s`hack fl sus p`bfl c kcs prliubtcs qul sl kl pkcbtlcb. Ckiub`s baó`s rls
galgdr`s. Kc abflplbflbhac b` h`bstatuyl lk `djltav` plr sl. p`bflb lb n`rgc cutøb`gc5 `tr`s garcb c ub` fl k`s pcfrls
Kc h`bb`tchaøb ply`rctavc flk h`bhlpt` fl flplbflbhac lb kc cbtls fl h`btlstcr ` rlnalrlb kc prliubtc c k`s pcfrls.
tl`rçc psah`fabãgahc abfavafuck b` sl cpkahc lb kc tlrcpac nc Xa kc cut`b`gçc abfavafuck fl k`s baó`s pcrlhl `dstchuka
gakacr, qul rlh`b`hl kc abtlrflplbflbhac fl t`f`s k`s sastlgcs. zcfc lb lk slb` fl kc ncgakac, lk tlrcplutc fldl cyufcr c kc
Lk `djltav` ls lk fl k`ircr ub ircf` h`rrlht` fl plrglcdakafcf ncgakac c sudrcycr fanlrlbhacs lbtrl k`s baó`s, slóckcr su fl
fl kçgatls. rlhm` c kcs fanlrlbhacs y cyufcr c k`s pcfrls c pkcbtlcr fl
Lb ubc ncgakac cikutabcfc, k`s kçgatls fldlb slr h`bs`ka gcbfcs lsplhçnahcs y `t`ricr rlh`gplbscs fl chulrf` h`b lk
fcf`s pcrc nchakatcr kc abfavafuchaøb fl k`s galgdr`s fl kc lstcfa` fl flscrr`kk` fl hcfc baó`. _`r ljlgpk`, lb kc ncgakac
ncgakac. Lk tlrcplutc sl ubl c ubc ncgakac cikutabcfc h`b kc qul pr`madçc kcs pulrtcs hlrrcfcs, ub sastlgc sugcglbtl ciku
abtlbhaøb fl hkcranahcr k`s kçgatls. Lb kcs ncgakacs qul sl lb tabcf`, lk lbn`qul flk tlrcplutc h`bsastaø lb csaibcr ubc tc
hulbtrcb gãs hlrhc flk lxtrlg` flskaicf` flk h`btabuug ciku rlc ck lstcfa` fl flscrr`kk` fl kc majc gcy`r. Lkkc fldçc hlrrcr
tabchaøb-flskaicgalbt`, chtúc pcrc fasgabuar kc raiaflz fl k`s kc pulrtc fl su mcdatchaøb. Kl slóckø tcgdaáb c kc majc gl
kçgatls, nchakatcbf` lk nkuj` lbtrl k`s sudsastlgcs fl ub g`f` b`r qul hucbf` nulsl gcy`r lkkc fldlrçc mchlr k` gasg`. 3

qul plrgatc ub abhrlglbt` fl kcs nubha`bls fl cp`y` y `ralb


 Kçgatls
 Kçg sudsastlgcs.  K`s kçgatls flk sudsastlgc h`b
atls fl k`s sudsastlgcs.
tchaøb fl kc ncgakac.
yuick fldlb slr k` sunahalbtlglbtl hkcr`s pcrc pr`tlilr c kc
B` ls fanahak agp`blr lstcs rlikcs lb lk gcrh` fl kc slsaøb. pcrljc fl kc abtrusaøb p`r pcrtl fl k`s baó`s ` fl `tr`s galg
Xa ub galgdr` fl kc ncgakac h`galbzc c rlsp`bflr ubc prl dr`s cfukt`s fl kc ncgakac lxtlbsc. K`s tlrcplutcs fl ncgakac
iubtc faraiafc c `tr`, lk tlrcplutc pulfl agp`blr saklbha` ck
fldlb trcdcjcr c glbuf` lb lstl ãrlc, fldaf` c qul ubc ra
mcdkcbtl
"J`l, lsch`b ub ilst`
prliubtc y, flfaraiafc
lstcdc slr blhlscra`, flhar
c ustlf". Lb cki` csç h`g`:
ilblrck, talbfl
iaflz ` ubc agprlhasaøb abcflhucfc flk kagatl flk sudsastl
gc h`byuick h`bstatuyl ubc hcusc mcdatuck fl kc lxastlbhac fl
c abmadar t`fc h`gubahchaøb fl ub galgdr` fl kc ncgakac qul pcutcs trcbschha`bckls fasnubha`bckls. Lb ckiub`s hcs`s ls útak
flshradc kcs chha`bls ` slbtagalbt`s fl `tr`. Lkk` pulfl rlcka csaibcr tcrlcs qul lstaguklb kcs abtlrchha`bls fl kc sudubafcf
zcrsl h`b cgcdakafcf, fahalbf`: "Lk lstcdc ckkç, b` csç ustlf, h`byuick. _`r ljlgpk`, lb kc ncgakac fl pulrtcs cdalrtcs, lk
lbt`bhls quazãs ák pulfc flshradar
flshradark`".
k`". @, tcgdaáb lk dk`qul` tlrcplutc kl abfahc c k`s pcfrls qul lxpukslb c k`s baó`s fl
fl lsc h`gubahchaøb pulfl lnlhtucrsl h`b slvlrafcf, h`bnr`b su mcdatchaøb furcbtl ubc m`rc hcfc b`hml. K`s pcfrls fl
tcbf` ck galgdr` fl kc ncgakac h`b su abtrusaøb. dlb pcscr lsc m`rc lb kc mcdatchaøb s`k`s, h`b kc pulrtc hl
K`s baó`s fl kc ncgakac fldlb slr fanlrlbhacf`s, y rlhadar rrcfc. Lb lk hcs` fl k`s Xgatm, lk tlrcplutc kl s`kahatc ck cdulk`
flrlhm`s y pravaklia`s abfavafuc'ls sliúb su lfcf y p`sahaøb y ck maj` qul cdcbf`blb kc mcdatchaøb cbtls fl h`glbzcr c
lb kc ncgakac. Lk tlrcplutc pulfl lxpk`rcr kc pr`pac fanlrlb- fashutar tlgcs slxuckls h`b kc pcrljc.
434 438

Cflgãs, kc ncgakac fldl p`sllr ub sudsastlgc ljlhutav` qul kçgatls5 pcrc lkk`, fldl n`rtcklhlr lk kçgatl flk sudsastlgc h`b
pulfc t`gcr flhasa`bls, lb pcrtahukcr lb k` h`bhlrbalbtl c kc yuick pcrc qul k`s høbyuils pulfcb trctcr sus pr`dklgcs sab
lfuhchaøb fl k`s baó`s. _`r k` ilblrck k`s pcfrls n`rgcb lstl agpkahcr c ub tlrhlr galgdr`, h`bs`kafcbf` lk kçgatl qul pr`
sudsastlgc. Lk sudsastlgc pcrlbtck fldl tlblr cut`rafcf. \b tlil kc cut`b`gçc flk tlrhlr galgdr` y fldakatcbf` lk kçgatl
baó` fldl slr hcpcz fl lxplraglbtcr h`b lk hrlhagalbt`, sc qul r`flc c kc rçiafc trçcfc, fl tck g`f` qul lk sudsastlgc
dalbf` qul lk sudsastlgc pcrlbtck najcrã k`s kçgatls fl k` plr kkliul c slr gãs cdalrt`.
gasadkl. \b tlrcplutc fldl p`r k` tcbt` abtlrvlbar lb ubc nc Hucbf` k`s kçgatls ckrlflf`r fl ub sudsastlgc s`b h`bs`
gakac fl ub g`f` qul cp`yl kc csaibchaøb fanlrlbhacfc fl kafcf`s, lk nubha`bcgalbt` fl lstl sudsastlgc glj`rcrã. Xur
p`flr. _`r ljlgpk`, ub maj` qul mc cf`ptcf` pklbcglbtl kc iarãb csç pr`hls`s qul b` p`fçcb gcbanlstcrsl hucbf` `tr`s
p`sahaøb fl kc ncgakac fl qul t`f`s k`s pr`dklgcs sl `raia galgdr`s fl kc ncgakac sl abgashuçcb. Lb lk hcs` fl kc nc
bcb lb kc lbnlrglfcf abtrcpsçquahc fl su pcfrl hratahc c ástl gakac I`rflb sl k` `dslrvc h`b hkcrafcf. Lk tlrcplutc flkablc
h`b agpubafcf. Lk tlrcplutc lxprlsc su lb`j` cbtl lstc ch f`s sudsastlgcs. Mchl trcdcjcr c kc gcfrl s`kc h`b lk baó`
tatuf, slóckcbf` qul lk baó` fldlrçc rlspltcr c su pcfrl. ck qul mc utakazcf` h`g` hmav` lgascra` h`bs`kafcbf` lk kç
gatl ckrlflf`r fl lstc facfc, qul mc saf` flgcsacf` fádak.
t`rLkflsudsastlgc nrctlrb`
tck g`f` qul pulfctcgdaáb blhlsatc
flslgplócr ub kçgatlflpr`tlh
sus nubha`bls `nrl \dahc ck maj` pcrlbtck lb ubc p`sahaøb fl ctlbhaøb fl k`s `tr`s
hlr c k`s baó`s kc `p`rtubafcf fl cprlbflr h``plrchaøb, h`g baó`s, fldakatcbf` lk kçgatl ckrlflf`r flk sudsastlgc pcrlbtck
pltahaøb, n`rgcs fl lvatchaøb ` hcpatukchaøb, h`g` icbcr ` qul lxhkuyø ck maj` utakazcf` h`g` hmav` lgascra`. Flbtr` fl
plrflr ub ckacf` y `trcs h`bfaha`bls rlqulrafcs pcrc vavar h`b lstl sastlgc fl kçgatls, kc gcfrl pulfl trcdcjcr h`b lk hmav`
aiuckls. K`s pcfrls fldlb rlspltcr lstc `p`rtubafcf fl hrl lgascra` lb n`rgc h`gpltlbtl, butrahac.
hagalbt` sab su cyufc ` abtlrnlrlbhac. Lb ckiubcs ncgakacs kcs slpcrcha`bls gãs bltcs s`b blhl
Lb kc ncgakac Dr`wb (hcp. 34), lk cp`y` y rlnulrz` flk scracs ` útakls. \b sastlgc pulfl slr gãs h`bnkahtav` c glfafc
sudsastlgc nrctlrb` fl kc cb`rlxac blrva`sc fl ubc baóc fl qul lk búglr` fl sus galgdr`s cuglbtc. K`s hcgda`s lb lk
bulvl có`s ls tcb saibanahctav` h`g` lk rlnulrz` pr`vlbalbtl búglr` fl galgdr`s fl ub sastlgc pulfl fcr kuicr, c su vlz,
flk sudsastlgc h`byuick. _`r k` tcbt`, lk tlrcplutc flscrr`kkc c ubc trcbsn`rgchaøb agp`rtcbtl flk sastlgc. Lb ckiubcs `hc
tcrlcs pcrc lk sudsastlgc nrctlrb`, y k`s pcfrls s`b lxhkuaf`s sa`bls, kc suprlsaøb fl ub sçbt`gc fc kuicr, sagpklglbtl, ck
lsplhçnahcglbtl fl t`fc abtlrvlbhaøb. \takazc kc táhbahc fl flspkczcgalbt` fl ub h`bnkaht` b` rlsulkt` c `tr` p`rtcf`r flk
kklvcr c k`s baó`s ck hlbtr` fl kc mcdatchaøb pcrc bli`hacr ` sçbt`gc. Lb `trcs `hcsa`bls, sab lgdcri`, k`s hcgda`s pulflb
lxpk`rcr s`kuha`bls. _lrgcblhl h`b k`s pcfrls lb kc plranlrac, pr`fuharsl sagpklglbtl lb lk pr`hls` fl slpcrchaøb fl ub
cyufãbf`k`s c `dslrvcr sab pcrtahapcr, lbslóãbf`kls c rlspltcr galgdr` fl kc ncgakac fl ástc. Lb lk trcbshurs` fl ub plrç`f`
kc cut`b`gac fl sus maj`s. ciuf` fl strlss ncgakacr k`s drlvls plrç`f`s fl m`spatckazchaøb
Kc trçcfc rçiafc pkcbtlc pr`dklgcs lsplhackls pcrc flka pulflb h`bstatuar b` søk` ub pckactav` blhlscra` sab` tcgdaáb
gatcr kçgatls. Hucbf` ubc pcutc trcbschha`bck trcbsilblrcha` ubc pcrtl lslbhack flk pr`hls` fl hcgda` fl kc ncgakac h`g`
bck, qul mcdatuckglbtl abhkuyl c k`s pcfrls y c ub maj`, qul sastlgc.
fc lbhlrrcfc flbtr` fl kçgatls rçiaf`s fc kuicr ã pcutcs Lk tlrcplutc pulfl agp`blr kçgatls trcdcjcbf` slklhtavcglb
trcbschha`bckls. Lk tlrcplutc fldl trcdcjcr pcrc trczcr bulv`s tl h`b fanlrlbtls sudsastlgcs fl ubc ncgakac. Abahac lk trcdcj`
436 43<

lbtrlvastcbf` c t`f`s k`s galgdr`s fl ubc ncgakac buhklcr, fl lstcs pcutcs. C glbuf` kc ncgakac ls p`h` nklxadkl, abhcpcz
plr`, c glfafc qul lstcdklhl ub gcpc ncgakacr, ls p`sadkl fl rlhurrar c n`rgcs fl rlkchaøb fanlrlbtls. Lk tlrcplutc qul
qul fastabic ub ãrlc lb kc qul slrçc útak cuglbtcr ` fasga sl ubl c lkk`s lb lk sastlgc tlrcpáutah` fldl lxpk`rcr t`fcs
buar tlrcplutcs
b`s lk búglr` prlnalrlb
fl galgdr`s fl søk`
trcdcjcr kc ubafcf tlrcpáutahc.
h`b k`s lsp`s`s `Ckiu
pc kcs h`bfuhtcs
plrgatar. Fldlcktlrbctavcs
lxplraglbtcr qul lkcabfcicr
`ricbazchaøb
tcbt` ncgakacr pulfl
kc nklxadakafcf
frls. @tr`s prlnalrlb trcdcjcr h`b ubc rlf ncgakacr tcb cgpkac flk sastlgc ncgakacr h`g` su hcpchafcf fl rllstruhturcrsl y
h`g` slc p`sadkl rlubar. @tr`s, p`r úktag`, prlnalrlb trcdcjcr hrlhlr h`b su cyufc.
h`b gúktapkls ncgakacs. Kc mcdakafcf flk tlrcplutc pcrc pr`fuhar strlssls lb fanl
_`r ga pcrtl, prlnalr` trcdcjcr h`b kc ncgakac buhklcr, lb ck rlbtls pcrtls flk sastlgc ncgakacr kl pr`p`rha`bcrã c ák, y lb
iubcs `hcsa`bls g`fanahcbf` kc h`gp`sahaøb flk irup`. Ck trc ckiub`s hcs`s c k`s pr`pa`s galgdr`s fl kc ncgakac, ub abfaha`
dcjcr h`b cf`klshlbtls, abhkuy` salgprl slsa`bls abfavafuckls chlrhc fl kc hcpchafcf fl kc ncgakac pcrc rllstruhturcrsl hucb
h`b k`s cf`klshlbtls. Hucbf` trcdcj` h`b ncgakacs lxtlbscs, trc f` kcs harhubstcbhacs hcgdacb. Xu cp`rtl y su lstçguk` lxplrt`
dcj` h`b k`s sudsastlgcs ‖pcfrls s`k`s, pcfrls h`b maj`s gc pr`fuhlb bulv`s h`btlxt`s ` harhubstcbhacs g`fanahcfcs c k`s
y`rls, pcfrls h`b k`s baó`s gãs plquló`s, lk sudsastlgc nrc qul kc ncgakac fldl cfcptcrsl lb prlslbhac suyc.
tlrb`. Lb ckiubcs ncgakacs, pulfl slr agp`rtcbtl trcdcjcr h`b  Dk` qu l` fl pc utc s trc bsc hha `b ckl s.   Kc gcba`drc gãs sag
galgdr`s agp`rtcbtls fl kc ncgakac lxtlbsc. Lb ckiubcs `hc pkl c kc qul ub tlrcplutc pulfl rlhurrar pcrc pr`fuhar strlss
sa`bls, k`s pcfrls pulflb slklhha`bcr c k`s galgdr`s qul h`bsastl lb `dstruar lk nkuj` fl h`gubahchaøb c k` kcri` fl
pcrtahapcrãb lb ubc slsaøb. Lb fltlrgabcfcs ncgakacs, kc sl sus hcbckls mcdatuckls. _`r ljlgpk`, lb kc ncgakac I`rflb lk
klhhaøb fl sudirup`s ls fltlrgabcfc p`r kc fabãgahc rlls maj` pcrlbtck cf`ptc su r`k mcdatuck fl trcfuhar kcs h`gubahc
truhturcbtl. Lk tlrcplutc pulfl ubarsl c ub pcfrl caskcf` y ha`bls fl kc gcfrl c k`s `tr`s baó`s y kcs fl ást`s c lkkc. Lk
c sus maj`s, lxhkuylbf` c kc gcfrl, pcrc plrgatar qul sl tlrcplutc abtlrvalbl, fahalbf`: "_lrføbcgl, G`rras", y "pr`
flscrr`kklb bulvcs nubha`bls. \b pcfrl f`gabcbtl pulfl slr saiul", ck baó` abtlrrugpaf`. Lk dk`qul` fl kcs abtlrvlbha`bls
lbvacf` trcs ub vafra` h`b vasaøb ubakctlrck fl g`f` tck qul flk baó` pcrlbtck plrgatl ub gcy`r h`btcht` lbtrl kc gcfrl
pulfc pcrtahapcr sab tlblr kc p`sadakafcf fl h`btr`kcr. K`s
pulfc pcrtahapcr sab tlblr kc p`sadakafcf fl h`btr`kcr. K`s y k`s `tr`s baó`s, qul mcb saf` slpcrcf`s p`r kc abtlrnlrlbhac
baó`s plquló`s
cg`rtaiucr pulflb slrLktrcçf`s
k`s h`bnkaht`s. c slsaøb
tlrcplutc h`bsalgprl
trcdcjc lk pr`pøsat`
h`b fl
su fl G`rras. Habh` gabut`s flspuás, lb kc slsaøb, kc nklxadakafcf
fl kc `ricbazchaøb ncgakacr sl gcbanalstc. Hucbf` G`rras ab
gcpc fl kc ncgakac t`tck prlslbtl lb su glbtl. Cub hucbf` tlbtc bulvcglbtl cyufcr c su gcfrl c h`gprlbflr c su mlr
trcdcjc lb n`rgc abtlbsavc h`b ub sudirup`, su gltc ls kc gcbc, kc gcfrl, agatcbf` ck tlrcplutc, kl fahl qul b` ab
rllstruhturchaøb t`tck fl kc ncgakac. tlrrugpc.
 Chlbtuchaøb
 Chlbtuchaøb fl fanlrlbhacs.  Lk tlrcplutc pulfl pr`f
fl kcs fanlrlbhacs. pr`fuhar
uhar
ABVLBXANAHCHAØB FLK XVTLXX strlss ck slóckcr fanlrlbhacs qul kc ncgakac mc lshcg`tlcf`.
_rlstc ctlbhaøb c kc n`rgc lb kc qul k`s galgdr`s fl kc nc
Kcs ncgakacs qul chuflb c trctcgalbt` mcb flscrr`kkcf` mc gakac hckanahcb c kcs flhkcrcha`bls fl k`s `tr`s, "glj`rcb" ub
datuckglbtl pcutcs trcbschha`bckls fasnubha`bckls pcrc lbnrlb glbscjl fl ckiúb galgdr` fl kc ncgakac `, sagpklglbtl, fas
tcr lk strlss. Lk pchalbtl aflbtanahcf` sl lbhulbtrc lb lk hlbtr` hrlpcb. _ulfl lshuhmcr kc `pabaøb fl ub galgdr` chlrhc fl

43> 439

ub tlbac fcf` y kuli` faraiarsl c `tr` galgdr` y flhark`: qul trcdcjc h`b ubc ncgakac sugcglbtl cikutabcfc sl ubl ck
"°Huãk ls su   `pabaøb0" @ pulfl rlckazcr ubc abtlrvlbhaøb gãs pcfrl pcrc cyufcrk` c pkcbtlcr sus quljcs h`btrc su lsp`sc,
lsplhçnahc fahalbf`, p`r ljlgpk`: "_crlhl qul ustlf y su ls kuli` h`b kc lsp`sc pcrc cyufcrkc c pkcbtlcr sus quljcs h`btrc
p`sc b` k` vlb flk gasg` g`f`5 °pulflb fashutark`0'. lk pcfrl y kuli` lb n`rgc suhlsavc h`b hcfc ub` fl k`s maj`s,
 Flsc
 Fl scrr`
rr` kk` fl k h`bn
h` bnkah
kah t` ag pkç hat`.
ha t`.   K`s gát`f`s fl ubc nc c glfafc qul kc ncgakac trcdcjc pcrc flscrr`kkcr rlikcs fanl
gakac pcrc lvatcr ub h`bnkaht` `plrcb lb n`rgc rãpafc y cut` rlbhacfcs y rlspulstcs fá cp`y` cflhucfcs.
gãtahc. Csç, ls p`sadkl qul ub lsp`s` sl ctcqul c sç gasg` lb Lk tlrcplutc fldl scdlr tcgdaáb huãbf` y høg` fldl
t`fc `hcsaøb lb kc qul palbsc qul su gujlr lstã c pubt` fl ubarsl c ub galgdr` fl kc ncgakac furcbtl ub plrç`f` gãs
ctchcrk`, flscrgãbf`kc y prlslbtãbf`sl h`g` ub m`gdrl fádak pr`k`bicf`. Lstl lbn`qul ls lb pcrtahukcr blhlscra` h`b nc
qul, p`r lkk` gasg`, fldl slr pr`tliaf`. Cdcbf`bc t`fc p` gakacrls qul balicb ` lvatcb sus h`bnkaht`s lb n`rgc rçiafc
sahaøb fl nulrzc fldaf` c qul lk sudsastlgc h`byuick b` plr
y h`b ncgakacs qul sl balicb lb n`rgc plrsastlbtl c chlptcr
gatl ubc h`bnr`btchaøb qul fcrçc kuicr ck suriagalbt` fl ub
h`bnkaht` `hukt`. kc aflc fl qul kc ncgakac h`g` ub t`f` h`bstatuyl lk pr`dklgc.
Lst`s sastlgcs rçiaf`s pulflb slr pulst`s lb g`vagalbt` ubaáb
gcs\bsa baó` pulflh`galbzcb
sus pcfrls t`rbcrsl lxpk`sav` ` prlslbtcr
c vavar h`bnkaht`s `tr`scdalrtc.
lb n`rgc sçbt` f`sl c ub galgdr` fl kc ncgakac, p`r k` ilblrck ub` fl k`s
pr`ilbat`rls, furcbtl ub kcps` pr`k`bicf`, p`r ljlgpk` huctr`
Lb lk praglr hcs`, lk tlrcplutc chtúc h`g` lk hkãsah` "cuxa ` habh` slsa`bls. Xa lk tlrcplutc sl ubl c ub høbyuil lb h`btrc
kacf`r", `nrlhaábf`sl pcrc "s`stlblr k`s sch`s fl k`s cfvlr flk `tr` furcbtl ub plrç`f` pr`k`bicf`, pr`v`hc ub strlss
scra`s". Ck plrhadar qul lk gcraf` utakazc lk cut`flsprlha` h`g`
lb cgd`s. Lk agpcht` hulsta`bc lk ugdrck fl strlss flk sud
ubc táhbahc pcrc lvatcr lk h`btcht`, y, p`r k` tcbt`, lk h`bnkah
sastlgc h`byuick, sus n`rgcs mcdatuckls fl abtlrrlkcha`bcrsl
t`, h`b su lsp`sc, lk tlrcplutc `dkaic c kc pcrljc c lstcdklhlr
h`btcht`. Lb lk sliubf` hcs`, lk tlrcplutc abtlbtc flstruar lk y sus gát`f`s prlnlraf`s pcrc bli`hacr ` lvatcr h`bnkaht`s.
glhcbasg` fasnubha`bck fl lvatchaøb fl k`s h`bnkaht`s r`g _`r ljlgpk`, lb ubc ncgakac lk h`bnkaht` lb lk sudsastlgc
palbf` kc rçiafc trçcfc, dk`qulcbf` kc abtlrnlrlbhac flk baó` 'h`byuick ls lvatcf` c trcvás fl kc utakazchaøb h`g` hmav` lga
lb lk h`bnkaht` pcrlbtck. scra` fl ub maj`. Hucbf` kc lsp`sc agpuibc c su gcraf` p`r
b` icbcr gãs
gãs fablr`, ástl `ralbtc su ctlbhaøb mchac lk maj`, h`rra
\baøb lb ckacbzc ` h`ckahaøb.  Lk tlrcplutc pul pulfl
fl pr`v`h
pr`v`hcr
cr ialbf` su h`bfuhtc y rllstcdklhalbf` csç su pr`pa` slbtaf` fl
ub strlss ubaábf`sl lb n`rgc tlgp`rcrac c ub galgdr` ` sud h`gpltlbhac cglbczcf`. Hucbf` lk gcraf` hulsta`bc c kc
sastlgc fl kc ncgakac. Lstl tap` fl abh`rp`rchaøb c kc lstruh gujlr p`r slr ub cgc fl hcsc flspr`kajc, lkkc h`galbzc c
turc ncgakacr rlqualrl ubc huafcf`sc pkcbanahchaøb y ubc mcda mcdkcr chlrhc fl kc gckc h`bfuhtc flk baó` lb kc lshulkc. Lk
kafcf pcrc flskaicrsl, fl tck g`f` qul lk tlrcplutc b` slc tlrcplutc sl ubl ck gcraf` lb ubc h`ckahaøb h`btrc kc lsp`sc,
cds`rdaf` p`r kc iulrrc ncgakacr. cp`ycbf` narglglbtl su rlqulragalbt` fl ub gcy`r `rflb lb
Vcgdaáb pulfl ubarsl c k`s fanlrlbtls galgdr`s fl kc nc kc hcsc. Lstc táhbahc fc kuicr fl abglfact` ck suriagalbt` flk
gakac lb n`rgc suhlsavc. Lb lstl hcs`, sl ckac c ub galgdr` h`bnkaht` h`byuick qul, h`b kc cyufc flk tlrcplutc, ls bl
y plklc jubt` c ák y kuli` hcgdac, fastraduylbf` sus ncv`rls i`hacf` flbtr` flk sudsastlgc h`byuick, kadlrcbf` ck baó`.
lb n`rgc lquatctavc y flscrr`kkcbf` strlss suhlsav`s lb fanl- Hucbf` lk tlrcplutc sl ubl c ub galgdr` fl kc ncgakac,
anrbtls pcrtls flk sastlgc ncgakacr. _`r ljlgpk`, ub tlrcplutc fldl lvckucr lb n`rgc cflhucfc lk ugdrck fl t`klrcbhac fl
43= 431

kcs tcrlcs pcrc slóckcr y chtuckazcr ub ãrlc fl lxpk`rchaøb


su ckacf` y fl k`s `tr`s galgdr`s fl kc ncgakac. H`rrl ub slra` qul pulfl b` mcdlrsl flscrr`kkcf` lb n`rgc bcturck lb lk
ralsi` fl abfasp`blr ck dkcbh` fl kc h`ckahaøb y, h`b nrl nkuj` fl kcs trcbschha`bls fl kc ncgakac. @, tcgdaáb, pulfl
hulbhac, c t`fc kc ncgakac. Cub lb lk glfa` fl ub ctcqul, ls
agp`rtcbtl pr`p`rha`bcr ckiúb cp`y` ck dkcbh`. Xa lk tlrcplutc sudrcycr
 Flbtr` ub
fl ãrlc lb kc  qul
kc slsaøb. Kcskctcrlcs
ncgakaccsaibcfcs
blhlsatc flbtr`
trcdcjcr.fl ubc
trcdcjc jubt` c ub h`tlrcplutc, ástl fldl cp`ycr ck dkcbh` fl
kc h`ckahaøb. Xa trcdcjc s`k`, fldl fcr c lbtlbflr qul rlh`b`hl slsaøb pulflb slóckcr sagpklglbtl høg` y c quaáb k`s galg
kc n`rgc lb qul lk dkcbh` vl kc satuchaøb. _`r ljlgpk`, cub dr`s fl kc ncgakac fldlrçcb faraiarsl. Lk tlrcplutc pulfl sl
galbtrcs cyufc ck gcraf` lb su ctcqul h`btrc su lsp`sc p`r óckcr, p`r ljlgpk`: "Fashutcb lk pr`dklgc cquç". @: "Mcdkl
flspr`kajafcf, abtlrprltc kc h`bfuhtc fl ástc h`g` ubc rlsas h`b su maj` fl tck g`f` qul ák pulfc `çrk`". @: "Xaic mc
tlbhac cbtl lk h`btr`k crdatrcra`. dkcbf`5 b` fljl qul su mlrgcb` k` abtlrrugpc".
Kcs tcrlcs pulflb rlkcha`bcrsl h`b kc gcbapukchaøb flk ls
Hucbf` ubc slhulbhac pcrtahukcr h`bhkuyl, fldaf` c qul
pcha`. Lk tlrcplutc pulfl flhar: "Sualr` qul fl vulktc kc sakkc,
sl ckhcbzø ub `djltav` ` c qul sl kkliø ck kçgatl fl t`klrcbhac,
lk tlrcplutc fldl hcgdacr fl p`sahaøb y ckacrsl h`b lk dkcbh` csç b` pulfl vlr kcs slóckls fl su gcfrl". @: "Sualr` qul sl
prlva`. Lb ckiub`s hcs`s, abhkus`, pulfl kklicr c ubarsl c ástl salbtl hlrhc fl su lsp`sc y qul t`gl su gcb` hucbf` c ustlf
h`btrc lk ckacf` cbtlra`r. kl pcrlzhc qul lstã cbiustacfc".
Lstc táhbahc prlslbtc ub ralsi`. Lk galgdr` fl kc ncgakac Kcs tcrlcs pulflb utakazcrsl pcrc frcgctazcr kcs trcbsch
qul ls ctchcf` pulfl h`btrcctchcr b` ck tlrcplutc sab` ck ha`bls fl kc ncgakac y suilrar hcgda`s. Lb ubc ncgakac, lk tl
galgdr` fl kc ncgakac h`b lk qul ástl sl ckac. H`g` h`bsl rcplutc kl pafl c k`s baó`s qul b` utakahlb h`g` hmav` lgascra`
hulbhac fl lkk`, ub galgdr` fl kc ncgakac qul yc sunrl ub c ub` fl lkk`s furcbtl trls gabut`s, y lbtrlic su rlk`j ck maj`
strlss slvlr` pulfl vlrsl s`drlhcricf`. Lb kc ncgakac I`rflb, gcy`r pcrc h`btr`kcr lk abtlrvck`. Lb `trc ncgakac, kl fahl ck
lk tlrcplutc sl ubl c kc baóc utakazcfc h`g` hmav` lgascra` y pcfrl: "Sualr` qul b` kl plrgatc c Jag abtlrrugpar c J`h
kc flnalbfl ctchcbf` c kc gcfrl5 kc gcfrl, lbt`bhls, csugl furcbtl lstc slsaøb". Lb ubc ncgakac h`b ubc gcfrl qul vavl
ubc chtatuf cub gãs cirlsavc h`btrc su majc, fl tck g`f` qul lb lk carl y ub pcfrl plranárah`, lk tlrcplutc absastl lb qul
lk tlrcplutc, ck plrhadar lk cuglbt` fl prlsaøb, cdcbf`bc lstc hucbf` vl c k`s lsp`s`s s`k`s, s`kcglbtl lk pcfrl pulfl pkcb
h`ckahaøb lxhlsavcglbtl strlsscbtl. tlcr k`s pr`dklgcs h`b k`s maj`s. Xa kc gcfrl flslc qul sl
pkcbtll ckiubc satuchaøb rlkcha`bcfc h`b k`s maj`s, fldl s`kaha
Lk `djltav` úktag` flk tlrcplutc h`bsastl lb dlblnahacr c kc tcrkl ck gcraf` qul k` mcic.
t`tckafcf fl kc ncgakac, y kc ncgakac fldl plrhadark` lb t`f`
g`glbt`. Xa n`rgc ubc h`ckahaøb h`btrc fltlrgabcf`s galg Ck csaibcr tcrlcs flbtr` fl kc slsaøb, lk tlrcplutc sudrcyc
dr`s, lst`s fldlb scdlr qul lstl pcs` ls tlgp`rcra` y qul, su p`sahaøb h`g` lk qul najc kcs rlikcs. Ls ák qualb fltlrgabc
p`r s`drl t`f`, ák lstã ckacf` c t`fçMc ncgakac lb lk sastlgc kcs rlikcs fl h`bfuhtc flbtr` fl kc slsaøb tlrcpáutahc.
tlrcpáutah`.  Fldlrls.
 Fldl rls.  Lk tlrcplutc pulfl tcgdaáb csaibcr tcrlcs pcrc lk
m`icr. Hucbf` kc ncgakac rlsp`bfl rlckazcbf` kc tcrlc qul ák
CXAIBCHAØB FL VCTLCX csaibø, lstãb kklvcbf` rlckglbtl ck tlrcplutc c su m`icr. Lstl
sl h`bvalrtl lb lk mchlf`r fl kcs rlikcs gãs ckkã fl kc lstruhturc
Kcs tcrlcs hrlcb ub gcrh` lb huy` slb` k`s galgdr`s fl fl kc slsaøb tlrcpáutahc.
kc ncgakac fldlb flslbv`kvlrsl. Lk tlrcplutc pulfl rlhurrar  c
443
44?

lsp`s`, fldaf` c qul ástl blhlsatc cyufcrkc flscnacbf` su cut`


Kc tcrlc csaibcfc c kc ncgakac I`rflb cpubtc tcbt` ck pr` rafcf arrcha`bck.
dklgc qul sl prlslbtc h`g` ck pr`dklgc lstruhturck sudyc Kc utakazchaøb fl tcrlcs prlslbtc gúktapkls vlbtcjcs. Kc n`-
hlbtl. Lk pr`dklgc prlslbtcf` ls ubc baóc abhlbfacrac c kc hckazchaøb s`drl lkkcs `dkaic ck tlrcplutc c lbhcrcr kc ls
qul sl utakazc h`g` hmav` lgascra`. Lk tlrcplutc abstruyl c kc truhturc y kcs pcutcs trcbschha`bckls fl kc ncgakac, lb kuicr
gcfrl pcrc qul pcsl habh` gabut`s p`r fçc h`b lstc baóc, fl lbhcrcr kcs hcrchtlrçstahcs pcrtahukcrls fl k`s galgdr`s ab
lbslóãbf`kl høg` lbhlbflr nøsn`r`s sab plkair`. Ck baó` pc favafuckls. Kcs tcrlcs slóckcb kcs bulvcs p`sadakafcfls fl
rlbtck, huyc cyufc lb lk m`icr mc agplfaf` c kc hmav` lga rllstruhturchaøb fl kc ncgakac. Ck pkcbtlcr tcrlcs, lk tlrcplutc
scra` ub h`btcht` farlht` p`satav` h`b su gcfrl, sl kl s`kahatc fldl hkcranahcr su gcpc fl kc ncgakac y lstcdklhlr `djltav`s
qul vaiakl c k`s `tr`s baó`s galbtrcs kc gcfrl trcdcjc s`kc lsplhçnah`s, csç h`g` tcgdaáb pcs`s lsplhçnah`s lb farlhhaøb
h`b kc hmav` lgascra`. Fl lstl g`f`, lk tlrcplutc k`irc qul fl ls`s `djltav`s. Kcs tcrlcs tcgdaáb h`bstatuylb ub glfa`
lk pchalbtl aflbtanahcf` tlbic ub halrt` h`btcht` h`tafacb` h`b cflhucf` pcrc p`blr c pruldc kc nklxadakafcf ncgakacr.
kc gcfrl, qul chtúc h`g` ub lfuhcf`r h`gpltlbtl lb kuicr Ck gasg` talgp`, ck aiuck qul `trcs abtlrvlbha`bls tlrcpáu
fl mchlrk` h`g` ubc rlz`bi`bc, y tcgdaáb qul ck baó` pc tahcs, kc tcrlc b` ls gãs qul ubc abfcichaøb flk sastlgc nc
rlbtck b` sl kl plrgatc abtlrnlrar sab qul p`r lkk` palrfc su gakacr. Ck csaibcr tcrlcs, lk tlrcplutc b` scdl høg` kcs lb
p`sahaøb lb kc ncgakac. nrlbtcrãb k`s galgdr`s fl kc ncgakac. _ulst` qul b` lstã h`g
Lb kc ncgakac "h`b pulrtcs cdalrtcs", kc tcrlc dushc ubc pr`gltaf` lb kc rlckazchaøb fl kc tcrlc, b` pulfl slr flsaku
fanlrlbhachaøb lbtrl k`s galgdr`s fl kc ncgakac. Lb lstc sa`bcf`. Kc csaibchaøb fl ubc tcrlc pr`p`rha`bc ub bulv`
ncgakac, lb kc qul lk pcfrl lstã ckacf` h`b k`s baó`s y kc gcfrl gcrh` pcrc kcs trcbschha`bls. Lk tlrcplutc `dslrvc k`s rlsuk
lxhkuafc, lk tlrcplutc 3h s`kahatc c kc lsp`sc qul fltlrgabl lk tcf`s h`b lk pr`pøsat` fl k`ircr qul surjcb pcutcs trcbschha`
g`glbt` lb qul k`s baó`s fldlrãb slr lxpukscf`s fl kc mcda bckls cktlrbctavcs.
tchaøb h`byuick y kcs pulrtcs hlrrcfcs. Lk gcraf` fldl ch`g Lb ckiubcs `hcsa`bls ubc ncgakac chlptc ubc tcrlc y h`g
pcócr c su gujlr lb lstc chtatuf. Kc majc gcy`r fldl hlrrcr pruldc qul kcs h`bfuhtcs lglrilbtls c h`bslhulbhac fl ástc s`b
su pulrtc furcbtl vcracs m`rcs trls vlhls p`r slgcbc. Lb lk gãs h`bvlbalbtls qul kcs cbtaiucs ‖qul kc ncgakac pulfl nub
trcbshurs` fl lstl plrç`f` lk pcfrl fldl i`kplcr kc pulrtc sa ha`bcr glj`r lb lstl bulv` gcrh`. Lb `trcs, k`s galgdr`s fl kc
prltlbfl lbtrcr. ncgakac kc g`fanahcb, kc h`btrcfahlb ` kc lvatcb. Kcs fanlrlbtls
Lb ubc pcrljc lb kc qul kc lsp`sc h`btr`kc guhm`s csplht`s rlspulstcs pr`p`rha`bcb, tcbt` ck tlrcplutc h`g` c kc ncgakac,
fl kc vafc fl su lsp`s`, abhkuylbf` sus mãdat`s ckaglbtaha`s, ubc glj`r h`gprlbsaøb chlrhc flk kuicr lb lk qul sl lbhulbtrcb
su m`rcra` fl ch`stcrsl y kc rliukcrafcf h`b kc qul sl dcóc, y chlrhc flk kuicr ck qul fldlb faraiarsl.
kc tcrlc dushc qul cuglbtl kc fastcbhac lbtrl gcraf` y gu
 jlr, pcrc nchak
nchakatcr
atcr kc rllstruh
rllstruhturc
turchaøb
haøb flk suds
sudsast
astlgc
lgc h`by
h`byuick
uick..
\VAKAZCHAØB FL K@X XÇBV@GCX
Ck gcraf` sl kl s`kahatc qul h`gprl su r`pc s`k`, p`r praglrc
vlz lb su vafc, t`gcbf` lb h`bsaflrchaøb lxhkusavcglbtl sus
pr`pacs prlnlrlbhacs y iust`s. C kc lsp`sc sl kl s`kahatc qul Lk tlrcplutc qul trcdcjc flbtr` flk gcrh` fl kc ncgakac h`b
h`btabúl l abhkus` lxcilrl su h`btabuc chtatuf hratahc fl su saflrc qul k`s sçbt`gcs fl ub galgdr` abfavafuck s`b ubc
444 448

lxprlsaøb fl ub pr`dklgc h`btlxtuck. _`r k` tcbt`, pulfl h`g g` talgp` qul cuglbtc kc fastcbhac lbtrl lstc majc y lk baó`
dctar kc tlbflbhac fl kc ncgakac c hlbtrckazcrsl lb lk p`rtcf`r pcrlbtck, y k` mchl rlhurralbf` c ubc tcrlc dcscfc lb lk
flk sçbt`gc. Lb `tr`s hcs`s, sab lgdcri`, pulfl lkliar trc lbhlbfaf` fl nuli`.
dcjcr lb n`rgc farlhtc h`b lk qul prlslbtc k`s pr`dklgcs. Lb kc ncgakac Dr`wb, lk pr`dklgc prlslbtcf`, kc cb`rlxac
C vlhls, lk sabt`gc, p`r ljlgpk` kc n`dac, kc cb`rlxac blr blrva`sc qul cglbczc kc vafc fl kc pchalbtl, ls aiuckglbtl
va`sc ` kcs tlbflbhacs abhlbfacracs, ls tcb plkair`s` qul `dkaic urilbtl y, ubc vlz gãs, rlprlslbtc ub b`fuk` fl strlss nc
c h`bsaflrcrk` lb n`rgc pra`ratcrac. Lb `trcs `hcsa`bls, lb ub gakacr. Lk tlrcplutc chtúc fl tck g`f` qul lbtrl k`s pcfrls
praglr g`glbt` ls p`sadkl qul kc ncgakac b` pulfc lbhcrcr y lk baó` surjc ub h`bnkaht` lb rlkchaøb h`b lk sçbt`gc,   k`  qul
ub h`btrct` tlrcpáutah` qul vcyc gãs ckkã flk pr`dklgc prl cuglbtc kc pr`xagafcf lbtrl k`s høbyuils y ctlbúc  lk  vçbhuk`
slbtcf`. pr`tlht`r lbtrl gcfrl l majc.
Lbn`qul hlbtrcf` lb lk sçbt`gc.   C glbuf`, lk trcdcj` h`b Lb `tr` hcs`, ub baó` chufl c tlrcpac h`b ubc n`dac cbtl
k`s sçbt`gcs flk pchalbtl aflbtanahcf` pulfl h`bstatuar lk hc k`s plrr`s sugcglbtl chlbtucfc, qul prãhtahcglbtl b` kl plr
gab` gãs rãpaf` pcrc facib`stahcr y g`fanahcr kcs pcutcs gatl cdcbf`bcr su hcsc.   Lk facibøstah` flk tlrcplutc ls lk
4

trcbschha`bckls fasnubha`bckls fl ubc ncgakac. K`s sçbt`gcs flk fl qul lk sçbt`gc ls rln`rzcf` p`r ub h`bnkaht` agpkçhat`,   b`
pchalbtl aflbtanahcf` `hupcb ubc p`sahaøb lsplhack lb lk sas rlsulkt`, lbtrl k`s lsp`s`s, qul sl gcbanalstc lb ubc ubaøb
tlgc fl trcbschha`bls fl kc ncgakac. Tlprlslbtcb ub b`fuk` lbtrl kc gcfrl y lk maj` qul lxhkuyl ck pcfrl. Xu lstrctliac
h`bhlbtrcf` fl strlss ncgakacr. C glbuf`, h`bstatuylb ubc h`bsastl lb cuglbtcr kc ubaøb lbtrl lk pcfrl y lk maj` cbtls
fl kcs n`rgcs fl kc ncgakac fl gcbljcr lstl strlss. Lb t`f` fl lbnrlbtcr k`s pr`dklgcs flk sudsastlgc h`byuick. H`b   lsl
hcs`, k`s sçbt`gcs flk pchalbtl aflbtanahcf` s`b rln`rzcf`s nab, lstagukc ck pcfrl, hcrtlr`, y, p`r k` tcbt`, "lxplrt`   lb
p`r ub búglr` saibanahctav` fl pcutcs trcbschha`bckls fl kc kc rlkchaøb h`b plrr`s*', pcrc qul kl lbslól ck maj` høg`   lb
ncgakac. _crcnrcslcbf` c Nrluf, p`frçcg`s flhar qul lk trc nrlbtcr c k`s plrr`s flsh`b`haf`s. Lk maj`, qul ls cf`ptav`,
dcj` h`b lkk`s pulfl h`bstatuar lk hcgab` rlck mchac kc ls cf`ptc c su vlz ub plrr`, y pcfrl l maj` chtúcb lb h`b
truhturc ncgakacr.  jubt` lb t`f`
t`f` k` qul talbl qul vlr h`b
h`b lk plrr`.
plrr`. Lstc chtavafcf
chtavafcf

lsLb lk trctcgalbt`
urilbtl g`fanahcrfllkkcpr`dklgc
ncgakac I`rflb, h`g`lk lsfllvaflbtl,
prlslbtcf`, kc baóc lr`dustlhl
maj`. Ck su rlkchaøb ylkpr`gulvl
flscpcrlhlr ubctlrcplutc
sabt`gc, lk slpcrchaøb lbtrl
lk`iac gcfrl
c cgd`s
abhlbfacrac. Vcgdaáb sl `dslrvc h`b hkcrafcf qul kcs chta pcfrls p`r su lxat`s` gcblj` flk baó`. Kuli` lbhcrc lk trcdcj`
tufls abhlbfacrçcs y kcs trcbschha`bls c su ckrlflf`r h`bsta h`b k`s h`bnkaht`s gcraf`-gujlr.
tuylb ub b`fuk` flk strlss ncgakacr. _`r k` tcbt`, lk tlrcplutc @tr` tlrcplutc lstagukc c ub baó` qul sl mchl lbhagc pcrc
b` hulsta`bc lb n`rgc abglfactc kc n`rgukchaøb flk pr`dklgc qul h`bslrvl lk sçbt`gc "c glb`s qul cki` pulfc `hurrar   lb
p`r pcrtl fl kc ncgakac. _rlnlrlbtlglbtl, saiul kc lstrctliac kc ncgakac*'. Cfvalrtl c k`s pcfrls qul cbckahlb huafcf`scglbtl
fl abnkuar s`drl lk rlst` fl kc ncgakac pcrc qul `plrl lb tár huckls slrçcb kcs h`bslhulbhacs sa lk baó` fljcsl fl mchlrsl
gab`s fl cyufc ck pchalbtl aflbtanahcf` lb lk ãrlc flk sçbt`gc. lbhagc y "sl mahalsl b`rgck". Lstl gát`f`, qul sl pr`k`biø
Cubqul bubhc h`gubahc su pr`pa` n`h` c kc lstruhturc ncga furcbtl ub gls, sarvl pcrc lxpk`rcr kc utakazchaøb flk sçbt`gc
kacr, flspkczc c kc gcfrl fl ubc p`sahaøb lb kc lstruhturc lb kc ncgakac y rlvlkc k`s lklglbt`s ncgakacrls fasnubha`bckls
ncgakacr c `trc, cuglbtcbf` kc pr`xagafcf gcfrl-majc ck gas- sudychlbtls ck sabt`gc.

446 44<

sabt`gc.  \b tlrcplutc
 Lxcilrchaøb flk sabt`gc.
 Lxcilrchaøb tlrcplutc pulfl utakazcr su tr` flk hcgp` fl kc h`gafc, fl ub abtlbs` h`bnkaht` abtlrplr-
p`flr flbtr` fl kc ubafcf tlrcpáutahc pcrc rln`rzcr k`s sçbt` s`bck, qul kuli` prlf`gabc lb rlkchaøb h`b lk sçbt`gc . 6

gcs flk pchalbtl aflbtanahcf`, cuglbtcbf` su abtlbsafcf. Lstc Lb ubc ncgakac h`gpulstc p`r ub pcfrl, gcfrl y trls maj`s
tãhtahc sl h`bvalrtl lb ubc gcba`drc rllstruhturcbtl. fl trlhl, falz y `hm` có`s, lk pcfrl ls lk pchalbtl aflbtana
\bc pcrljc fl lfcf glfac chufl c tlrcpac fldaf` c qul hcf`, h`b vøgat`s fl `railb psçquah`. Kc lsp`sc b` qualrl
pcrtahapcr lb lk trctcgalbt` ba tcgp`h` plrgatar qul k`s baó`s
kc flprlsaøb flk gcraf` ls tcb slvlrc qul kl agpafl trcdcjcr.
chufcb. Absastl lb qul lk pr`dklgc ls lxhkusav` flk gcraf`.
Lk tlrcplutc, ck `dslrvcr kc hcrlbhac fl cp`y` gutu` lb lstc Xab lgdcri`, chlptc h`bhurrar c kc slsaøb abahack. Lb kc slsaøb
pcrljc sab maj`s, abtlrprltc kc flprlsaøb flk m`gdrl h`g` ubc h`b kc pcrljc sl `dslrvc h`b hkcrafcf qul kc lsp`sc ls kc "ful
lvckuchaøb h`rrlhtc fl su vafc plrfafc y suialrl qul rlckahl óc fl kcs rlikcs" lb kc ncgakac. Lk gcraf` ls h`gpkchalbtl,
ub fulk` p`r ubc pcrtl plrfafc fl sç qul mc gulrt`. Fl sckv` lb sus vøgat`s. Kc majc fl trlhl có`s, sliúb kc flshrap
chulrf` h`b kc rlkaiaøb fl kc ncgakac, lk tlrcplutc ch`bsljc ck haøb fl k`s baó`s qul rlckazcb k`s pcfrls, ls guy cbiustacfc,
m`gdrl qul kklvl lk Xmavc (k`s trcfaha`bckls saltl fçcs fl prl`hupcfc p`r tlg`rls fl qul su pcfrl gulrc. Lk maj` glb`r
fulk` fl kc rlkaiaøb jufçc)
jufç c) plrgcblhalbf` slbtcf` lb lk pas`
furcbtl `hm` m`rcs facracs galbtrcs su lsp`sc kl trcl ckaglbt` gagc y rlglfc
lstc pcrljc k`s vøgat`s
kcs saiualbtls flk pcfrl._ulfl
cktlrbctavcs. Lk tlrcplutc
cyufcr ck`nrlhl
pcfrlc
y k` h`bsulkc. Lk m`gdrl kk`rc h`btabucglbtl furcbtl trls fçcs, lbslóãbf`kl c v`gatcr sab mchlr ruaf`, ` c kagatcr sus vøgat`s
kuli` sl cdurrl huctr`. Xu flprlsaøb flscpcrlhl y rlirlsc ck ck dcó`, ` abhkus` c fljcr fl v`gatcr p`r h`gpklt`. _lr` lkk`
trcdcj`. Kc pcrljc pr`saiul lk trctcgalbt` scdalbf` qul b` b` cyufcrã c kc pcrljc c cfquarar ub rlsplt` gutu` ` c k`s
ls lk gcraf` lk flpragaf`, sab` kc rlkchaøb lb su t`tckafcf. f`s maj`s, lb huycs vafcs sl abjlrtc, abtlrnalrl, lk h`bnkaht` pcrlb
Lb `trc ncgakac, lk pr`dklgc prlslbtcf` h`bsastl lb qul tck, c cprlbflr c fanlrlbhacrsl h`g` abfavafu`s. Xl trctc fl kcs
lk maj` r`dc. Lk tlrcplutc, qul fltlrgabc qul sl trctc fl ubc ãrlcs lb kcs qul lk trctcgalbt` slrçc gãs agp`rtcbtl.
rlchhaøb cbtl kc hcrlbhac fl ub h`btr`k lnlhtav` lb kc ncgakac,  Cf`phaøb
 Cf`p haøb fl ub bulv sçbt`gc.  Lk cd`rfcjl fl ub ssçbt`g
bulv`` sçbt`gc. çbt`gcc
abstruyl lb n`rgc cdalrtc ck baó` pcrc qul saic r`dcbf`, l ab c trcvás fl su nubha`bcgalbt` lb kc ncgakac plrgatl flscrr`
hkus` pcrc qul kl r`dl ck pcfrl, fahalbf`: "Sualr` vlr sa kkcr ubc lstrctliac pcrc lbnrlbtcr lk pr`dklgc aflbtanahcf`
tlbls mcdakafcf sunahalbtl h`g` pcrc r`dcrkl c tu pcfrl". Lstl flspkczcbf` tlgp`rcracglbtl lk n`h` fl h`bhlbtrchaøbRtlrc-
rlhurs` rludahc kc h`bfuhtc cbtas`hack lb ubc satuchaøb abgl páutahc c `tr` galgdr` fl kc ncgakac. Lk flspkczcgalbt` flk
factc qul g`vakazc kcs nubha`bls ljlhutavcs fl h`btr`k fl kc n`h` ls utakazcf` lb ubc ncgakac qul chufl c tlrcpac fldaf`
ncgakac. Kc táhbahc ls sagakcr c kcs táhbahcs utakazcfcs p`r C. c  pr`dklgcs fl suló` flk maj` fl f`hl có`s. Lb lk trcbshurs`
Cahm`rb h`b baó`s flkabhulbtls   \bc vlz gãs, kc h`bfuhtc
8
fl kc tlrcpac, kc gcfrl flshradl su' pr`pa` abs`gba` qul sl
cbøgckc fl ub galgdr` sl h`bvalrtl lb tlgc fl rliukchaøb pr`k`biø furcbtl falz có`s y, p`stlra`rglbtl, slóckc lk pkchlr
abtlrplrs`bck lb kc ncgakac. slhrlt` qul k`irc ck tlblr h`gpcóçc furcbtl ckiubcs fl sus
 Fltchlbtu
 Fltch lbtuchaø
chaøbb fl
flkk sçbt`
sçbt`gc.
gc. Lb ckiubcs `hcsa`bls, ls p`sa b`hmls abs`gbls. Lk flspkczcgalbt` flk n`h` ls utakazcf` tcg
dkl utakazcr lk sabt`gc h`g` ubc vçc qul plrgatc ckljcrsl flk daáb h`b k`s I`rflb. Lb kc ncgakac Xgatm, kc sliubfc pcrtl
pchalbtl aflbtanahcf`. Kc táhbahc fl ckg`rzcr h`b ub pchalbtl fl kc lbtrlvastc abtlbtc flspkczcr kc ltaqultc csagátrahc fl
cb`ráxah` y  su ncgakac, p`r ljlgpk`, nchakatc kc hrlchaøb, flb- lbnlrglfcf flk gcraf`  c kc lsp`sc.
44> 449

 Tl
 Tllta
lta qu ltu g alb t` fl k sçb t`gc
t` gc .  \bc rlh`bh
rlh`bhlptuckazchaøb
lptuckazchaøb flk Ckiubcs ncgakacs, lb pcrtahukcr kcs ch`scfcs p`r kc p`drlzc
sçbt`gc lb tárgab`s abtlrplrs`bckls pulfl cdrar bulv`s hc ` kcs qul talblb ub galgdr` psah`s`gãtahcglbtl lbnlrg`, ls
gab`s fl hcgda`. Lb ub hcs`, ubc cb`rlxac fl ubc baóc ls tãb tcb mcdatucfcs c kcs lglrilbhacs qul lb su slb` b` lxastl
rlflnabafc h`g` fls`dlfalbhac y rlhurs` pcrc satucr c k`s babiubc jlrcrquçc fl pr`dklgcs. Hucbf` sl pkcbtlc ubc sa
pcfrls lb ubc p`sahaøb fl abh`gpltlbhac. tuchaøb hrçtahc, su agpcht` ls gabagazcf` p`r kc agprlsaøb fl
 G`fanahchaø
 G`f anahchaøb sabt`gc..  _ulfl slr útak hcgdacr
b flk cnlht` flk sabt`gc qul "tcgdaáb lstc vlz b`s crrlikcrlg`s". Ls p`sadkl qul lk
lk cnlht` fl kcs trcbschha`bls qul h`bhalrblb c ub sçbt`gc. \b tlrcplutc sl vlc `dkaicf` c abtr`fuhar abtlbsafcf pcrc k`ircr
* ljlgpk` lstã h`bstatuaf` p`r kc tcrlc csaibcfc c kc majc fl kc qul kc ncgakac rlsp`bfc lb n`rgc cflhucfc c ubc satuchaøb
ncgakac I`rflb, qul lstagukc c kc gcfrl c abtlrchtucr h`b qul fldlb h`gprlbflr qul ls slrac. Xøk` ck lklvcr kc abtlbsa
kc baóc, ckrlflf`r fl su pr`dklgc abhlbfacra`, lb n`rgc h`g fcf fl su rlspulstc pulfl kklvcrk`s c h`gprlbflr qul lk
pltlbtl, lfuhctavc. hcgda` ncgakacr ls blhlscra` . >

K`s h`gp`blbtls cnlhtav`s pulflb slr utakazcf`s pcrc gc


GCBA_\KCHAØ
GCBA_\KCHAØB
B FL K M\G@T bapukcr fastcbhac. Lb ubc ncgakac cikutabcfc, ub gcraf` chusc
c su lsp`sc fl slr abncbtak. Xu maj` fl `bhl có`s sl ubl c ák
Guhmcs ncgakacs prlslbtcb ub cnlht` prlf`gabcbtl. Cfmalrlb fahalbf`: "Ls t`btc hucbf` julic h`bgai`". Lk tlrcplutc kl
c ub bavlk fl mug`r rlstrabiaf`, slc huck nulrl lk h`btlbaf` fl fahl h`b abfaibchaøb ck pcfrl qul b` fldlrçc plrgatar lsc
k`s tlgcs qul fashutlb. \bc ncgakac h`bslrvcrã ubc huckafcf ncktc fl rlsplt` flk maj` mchac su gcfrl. Kc chtatuf flk tl
flpragafc, cpãtahc5 `trc dr`glcrã h`bstcbtlglbtl. Lk cnlht` rcplutc "kl prlstc" abfaibchaøb ck pcfrl, qul mchl cvlri`bzcr
qul ch`gpcóc c kcs trcbschha`bls ncgakacrls h`bstatuyl ub` c su maj`. Vcbt` kc abfaibchaøb h`g` kc vlriûlbzc s`b ncht`
fl k`s gúktapkls abfaha`s qul fltlrgabc kc h`bfuhtc flk tl rls qul pr`fuhlb fastcbhac, cyufcbf` c h`bs`kafcr k`s nrãiakls
rcplutc. Lk cnlht` h`bstatuyl ubc pastc chlrhc fl k` cfgasadkl kçgatls flbtr` fl kc ncgakac.
lb ubc ncgakac fltlrgabcfc.
Kc rlflsaibchaøb fl ub cnlht` prlf`gabcbtl tcgdaáb pulfl
Lgpklcr lk cnlht` fl kc ncgakac h`bstatuyl ubc `plrchaøb
slr útak. Xa ubc gcfrl ls lxhlsavcglbtl h`btr`kcf`rc, lk tlrc
fl ubaøb, plr` tcgdaáb pulfl h`bstatuar ubc `plrchaøb rl plutc pulfl rlhurrar c kc táhbahc fl flsaibcr c lstcs `plrc
lstruhturcbtl. Lk tlrcplutc pulfl rlhurrar c ubc agatchaøb lxc ha`bls fl h`btr`k h`g` "prl`hupchaøb" p`r sus maj`s. C gl
ilrcfc flk lstak` ncgakacr pcrc sushatcr glhcbasg`s fl lbnrlb- buf`, lstc rlflsaibchaøb h`bstatuyl søk` ub g`f` fl sudrcycr
tcgalbt` fl kc cb`gckçc p`r pcrtl fl kc ncgakac. _`r ljlgpk`, csplht`s suglriaf`s fl k`s slbtagalbt`s fl kc gujlr mchac sus
lb ubc ncgakac h`b ubc gcfrl maplrh`btr`kcf`rc y nulrtl, qul maj`s. Ck sudrcycr su prl`hupchaøb, lk tlrcplutc sl rlkcha`bc
k`irc kc `dlfalbhac fl sus trls majcs cf`klshlbtls c trcvás fl h`b kc gcfrl lb ub hcgp` fl sagpctçc qul nchakatc kc cpcra
k`s irat`s, lk tlrcplutc chtúc lb n`rgc cub gãs cirlsavc pcrc haøb fl bulvcs trcbschha`bls lbtrl gcfrl l maj`s.
h`b lkkcs, `dkaicbf` c kc gcfrl c g`flrcr su lstak` fl h`b
tcht` y c pr`p`rha`bcr ubc gcy`r cut`b`gçc c sus majcs. Lb
`trcs ncgakacs, ls p`sadkl qul lk tlrcplutc flsll flg`strcr ub C_@Q@, LF\HCHAØB Q I\AC
cnlht` fanlrlbtl, gãs cpr`pacf`. CA trcdcjcr h`b ubc ncgakac
prl`hupcfc p`r lk h`btr`k, p`r ljlgpk`, lk tlrcplutc pulfl Lk cp`y`, kc lfuhchaøb y kc iuac h`bstatuylb c glbuf` `pl
cf`ptcr ub mug`r plrgasav`, rlkcjcf` . 1
rcha`bls fl ubaøb, cubqul tcgdaáb pulflb hugpkar nubha`bls
44= 441

rllstruhturcbtls. Kc ckaglbtchaøb, hurchaøb y cp`yc qul ubc pç` kcs táhbahcs fl trcdcj` h`b kc ncgakac lb sus nchltcs fl
ncgakac pr`p`rha`bc c sus galgdr`s s`b vatckls pcrc k`s h`btcht` h`b kc s`halfcf. Lkal Yalslk lshradaø qul k`s trctcf`s
galgdr`s abfavafuckls fl kc ncgakac y pcrc lk gcbtlbagalbt` Vckgúfah`s sl abahacb trcfaha`bckglbtl lb kc pãiabc f`s, pcrc
flk sastlgc ncgakacr. Lk tlrcplutc fldl h`gprlbflr kc agp`r rlh`rfcr ck klht`r qul abhkus` sa kcs h`b`hl flsfl ub lxtrlg`
tcbhac fl lstcs nubha`bls y scdlr fl quá g`f` lstagukcrkcs. ck `tr`, b` mc saqualrc h`glbzcf`'. Lstl hcpçtuk` mudalsl p`
C glbuf` sl vlrã `dkaicf` c lbslócr c kc ncgakac fl quá faf` h`glbzcr plrnlhtcglbtl lb kc pãiabc f`s, pcrc slóckcr
g`f` cp`ycrsl gutucglbtl. _ulfl vlrsl `dkaicf`, tcgdaáb, qul abhkus` sa lk klht`r h`b`hl plrnlhtcglbtl t`fcs lstcs táh
c lbslócr c k`s pcfrls lk g`f` fl rlsp`bflr lb n`rgc fa bahcs, b` mc saqualrc h`glbzcf`.
nlrlbhack c sus maj`s. Lb kc ncgakac h`b kcs pulrtcs cdalrtcs,
p`r ljlgpk`, ub` fl k`s `djltav`s nubfcglbtckls fl kcs tcrlcs
csaibcfcs h`bsastçc lb pr`p`rha`bcr ubc lxplralbhac fl s`hac
kazchaøb fanlrlbhacfc.
Xa lk nubha`bcgalbt` ljlhutav` fl ubc ncgakac ls fádak, ls
p`sadkl qul lk tlrcplutc fldl abh`rp`rcrsl ck sastlgc, csu
galbf` kcs nubha`bls ljlhutavcs h`g` ub g`flk`, y kuli`
cdcbf`bcr lsc p`sahaøb pcrc qul k`s pcfrls pulfcb rlcsugar
lstcs nubha`bls. Lb ckiub`s hcs`s lk tlrcplutc pulfl lbslócr
c k`s galgdr`s abfavafuckls fl kc ncgakac c lbnrlbtcr lk gubf`
lxtrcncgakacr. _`r ljlgpk`, ub cf`klshlbtl h`b cb`rlxac sl lb
hulbtrc hcsa t`tckglbtl caskcf` fl kcs chtavafcfls flk irup`
fl baó`s fl su lfcf. \bc vlz qul sl suplrc lk sabt`gc prl
slbtcf`, lk tlrcplutc abvatc ck baó` c su pr`pa` m`icr furcbtl
ubc slgcbc, pcrc qul vasatl c ba maj` y c su majc cf`klshlbtls.
_`stlra`rglbtl, ub baó` fl kc gasgc lfcf flk pchalbtl qul
sl salbtl plrnlhtcglbtl dalb lb ub irup` cf`klshlbtl ls h`btrc
tcf` pcrc lbslócr ck pchalbtl kc n`rgc fl abtlrchtucr h`b ub
irup` .
9

C glbuf` ub tlrcplutc pulfl lbslócr c ub baó` kcs trltcs


pcrc flslbv`kvlrsl lb kc lshulkc. Hucbf` trcdcjc h`b ubc nc
gakac lb h`btcht` h`b abstcbhacs s`haltcracs qul abtlrnalrlb lb
n`rgc saibanahctavc lb kc vafc ncgakacr, pulfl tcgdaáb lbsl
ócrkl lk g`f` fl gcbljcrsl lb rlkchaøb h`b lkkcs.
Kcs táhbahcs tlrcpáutahcs qul fashutag`s cquç b` s`b lb
cds`kut` kcs úbahcs c kcs qul pulfl rlhurrar ub tlrcplutc. Lb
rlckafcf, cgpka`s slht`rls mcb qulfcf` sab lxpk`rcr, p`r ljlg-
48? 483

hc fl sç gasg`s y chlrhc fl k`s `tr`s sl prlslbtcb lb dcstcr


A] fakkcs. Kcs gcba`drcs fl ch`g`fchaøb y fl rllstruhturchaøb s`b
flsaibcfcs Ch. y Tl.
 KC VÁHBA
VÁH BAHC
HC FLK
FL K "XA, _LT@".
_LT @".
 K@X XGAVM (Gabuhmab µl flspkctc p`r f`
qualr, rludahcbf` t\tcs. Flrradc
Q XCK^CF@T GAB\HMAB ub hlbahlr` y k` vulkvl c h`k`hcr.)
 Gab
 Gabuhm ab:  °Valbl ustlf pcralb
uhmab:
tls lb Asrclk0  Ch. Abahac kc slsaøb h`b ubc fl
hkcrchaøb qul k` flnabl h`g` pcr
tl fl kc rlf fl pcrlbtlsh` ncga
Xló`r  Xgatm:  °_cralbtls lb As kacr ("X`y h`g` ustlfls").
rclk0 B`.
Gabuhmab:: H`b`zh` ubc ncgakac
Gabuhmab
Xgatm lb Asrclk. Dulb`. _r`dlg`s - Ch. Xl fastabiul flk tlrcplutc
Lk f`ht`r Ncrrlkk k` mc vast` søk` cbtlra`r. Ls ub lsplhackastc lb
c ustlf y c babiub` fl k`s `tr`s ncgakacs y pulfl mchlr kcs h`scs
K`s Xgatm nulr`b faraiaf`s c ub tlrcplutc fl ncgakac pcrc galgdr`s fl kc n'.. kakac. lb n`rgc fastabtc.
h`bsuktc, p`r ub psaquactrc qul pcrtahapcdc lb ub slgabcra` Xló`r Xgatm:  _lrføblgl, plr`
lk f`ht`r Ncrrlkk y y` tuvag`s ubc
abtr`fuht`ra` chlrhc fl tlrcpac ncgakacr. Lk sló`r Xgatm mc h`bvlrschaøb mchl guhm`s có`s.
saf` ub pchalbtl psaquaãtrah` furcbtl falz có`s, y nul m`spatc B` sá sa ustlf rlhulrfc. Lb lk
kazcf` lb f`s `p`rtubafcfls p`r flprlsaøb ciatcfc. Tlhalbtl m`spatck.
 F`ht`r Ncrrltt:
Ncrrltt:  Ls halrt`. Xøk`
glbtl, sus sçbt`gcs rlcpcrlhalr`b. B` k`irc rlkcjcrsl, ls abhc ubc vlz.
pcz fl h`bhlbtrcrsl, sl salbtl cbiustacf` y s`kahatø bulvcglbtl Xló`rc Xgatm: Csa ls.
slr m`spatckazcf`. Kc lbtrlvastc h`b kc ncgakac h`bstatuyl, p`r  F`ht`r Ncrrl\
Ncrrl\:: Lk sló`r Xgatm
nul ga pchalbtl furcbtl p`r k`
pcrtl flk psaquactrc, ub abtlbt` fl lbh`btrcr ubc cktlrbctavc glb`s ub có` ` f`s.

c kc
Lbm`spatckazchaøb.
kc lbtrlvastc, sl lbhulbtrcb prlslbtls lk sló`r Xgatm, fl Xló`r Xgatm:  Q` lrc su pc
halbtl.
 F`ht`r
 F`ht`r Ncrrl\
Ncrrl\::  Hucbf` y` ls
hucrlbtc y bulvl có`s5 su lsp`sc, fl hucrlbtc y f`s5 su úbah` tcdc lb kc hEmalc psaquaãtrahc. Q
maj`, Gcttmlw, fl f`hl, y lk pcfrl fl kc sló`rc Xgatm, lk gl nua fl ctta, hrl`, mchl huctr`
sló`r Dr`wb, qul mc vavaf` h`b kc pcrljc flsfl su hcscgalbt`. ` habh` có`s. Flsfl lbt`bhls, nul
Lk psaquactrc qul k`s mc flravcf`, lk Fr. Ncrrlkk, sl lbhulbtrc ctlbfaf` p`r lk f`ht`r _`st, qut
mudalsl qulraf` vlbar m`y plr` kl
tcgdaáb prlslbtl. nul agp`sadkl mchlrk` p`rqul sl
Kc trcbshraphaøb fl kc lbtrlvastc pr`pacglbtl fahmc ls rl kl cvasø tcrfl.
 Gabu
 Gabuhma
hmab:
b:  °\stlf k` vltc ck
pr`fuhafc lb kc h`kugbc azqualrfc. Lb kc h`kugbc flrlhmc f`ht`r _`st ubc vlz p`r slgcbc0
sl rlpr`fuhlb k`s h`glbtcra`s y cbãkasas. Kc lstrctliac y kcs Xló`r Xgatm: \bc vlz p`r gls.  Ch.  Bulvcglbtl, sl fastabiul
táhbahcs tlrcpáutahcs sl prlslbtcb lb kltrcs r`gcbcs5 k`s plb Gabuhmab:
Gabuhma b: \bq vlz p`r gls. flk tlrcplutc cbtlra`r, slóckcbf`
 /Huckk ls lk pr
 /Huc pr`d
`dkl
klgc
gc0
0 Xcd
Xcdl,
l, b` qul h`bnacrã lb su pr`pac lvckuc
scgalbt`s y slbtagalbt`s flk lbtrlvastcf`r y fl kc ncgakac chlr- sá flgcsacf` chlrhc fl ustlf. Q haøb fl k` qul kc ncgakac farã.

484 488

ubc fl kcs n`rgcs lb kcs qul Tl. Farail su praglrc prliubtc hulbhac lb kc qul hulsta`bø kc
trcdcj` ls, prlnalr` b` scdlr fl s`drl lk pr`dklgc fl kc ncgakac prltlbsaøb flk lsp`s` fl gcbtl
gcsacf`, p`r k` tcbt` b` abtlrr` lb su t`tc ¡fcf5 b` ck pchalbtl blr su r`k h`g` pchalbtl, lk tl
iuá ck f`ht`r Ncrrlkk. _r`dcdkl aflbtanahcf`, k` qul hulsta`bc kc rcplutc mchl ub pkcbtl` abfcict`
glbtl ustlf gl pr`p`rha`bcrã su aflc fl qul mcy ub pchalbtl. ra` dcj` kc n`rgc fl ubc prliub
pr`pac vlrsaøb chlrhc fl k`s pr` tc qul pkcbtlc ubc fufc rlls
dklgcs, fl tck g`f` qul p`fcg`s truhturcbtl.
pcrtar fl ckkç. °Suaáb qualrl lg Xló`r Xgaçm: Dulb`, hrl` qul Lk sló`r Xgatm sl ch`g`fc cb
plzcr lbt`bhls0 ls csç. B` sá sa lstã pr`v`hcf` tl lk ctcqul prlva` c kc lstruh
p`r ckiualb, plr` s`y lk qul tal turc fl kc ncgakac, chlptcbf` qul
Xló`r Xgatm:   Hrl` qul sl trctc bl lk pr`dklgc. cki` pulfl lstcr pr`v`hcbf` su
fl ga pr`dklgc. X`y y` lk qul  pr`d klgc .
k` talbl.
talbl. Q .. . Cnabuh'aab: Ggg. Xaicg`s su  Ch.   Xl ch`g`fc cbtl lk ch`g`
Gabtah'aab: B` lstá tcb sliur`. Tl. H`btrcfahl kc cnargchaøb flk kçblc fl plbscgalbt`. Xa lstuvalsl fcgalbt` flk sló`r Xgatm. H`g`
B` fldl lstcr bubhc tcb sliur`. sló`r Xgatm qul talbfl c gcb hcuscf` p`r ckiualb ` cki` lxtl h`bslhulbhac fl lkk`, sl kl ctra
(Lk sló`r Xgatm lstã abhkabcf` tlblr kc lstruhturc ck prlslbtcrsl ra`r c ustlf, °huãk farçc qul ls su duyl ck sló`r Xgatm ubc prl`hu
mchac cflkcbtl, guy ctlbt`. Ga c sa gasg` h`g` lk pr`dklgc. pr`dklgc0 pchaøb chlrhc fl k`s pr`dklgcs fl
buhmabck lstã
garc sló`rcp`ktr`bcf`. Gcttmlw
Xgatm u cgd`s rçlb Lk tlrcplutc
nahchaøb hulsta`bc
flk sló`r kc aflbta
Xgatm h`g` pc hcusckafcf abtlrplrs`bck.
bøstah` kagatcf` Lk faci
ls rllgpkczcf`
cbtl kc rápkahc fl Gabuhmab.) halbtl y rlsp`bfl c su chtatuf s` p`r lk pr`dklgc gãs cgpka`:
klgbl h`b ubc dr`gc. Vcgdaáb °huãk ls lk pr`dklgc'.'
hulsta`bc kc lxplralbhac fl kc rl Xló`r  Xgatm:  Xcdl, gl s`rprlb £4  sló`r Xgatm rlpkahc.
ckafcf flk pchalbtl y fl k`s galg flrçc guhm`.
dr`s fl kc ncgakac. C/abuh/aab: _lbslg`s lb kc nc
Xló`r Xgatm:   Dulb`, pcrlhlrçc gakac. °Suaáb k` plrturdc c ustlf0  Tl.   Absastl lb ub gcrh` abtlr
qul csç ls. plrs`bck y saiul hulsta`bcbf` kc
Cnabuhmab: Dalb. aflbtanahchaøb flk sló`r Xgatm h`
Xló`r  Xgatm:  X`y lk qul lstu g` lk pr`dklgc. Ck gasg` talgp`,
vl lb lk m`spatck y t`f` ls`. lstl lbn`qul h`bnargc kc p`sahaøb
 Gabu hmab :  Xa, plr`, fl t`f`s Tl. Hulsta`bc bulvcglbtl kc
hlbtrck flk sló`r Xgatm lb kc nc
g`f`s, ls` b` gl flgulstrc t` rlckafcf flk pchalbtl.
gakac. Xl ch`g`fc c su p`sahaøb
fcvçc qul sl trctc fl ub pr`dkl  Ch.   Lstagukc ck pchalbtl aflbta h`g` iucrfaãb ck gasg` talgp`
gc lxhkusavcglbtl suy`. Dulb`, nahcf` pcrc qul mcdkl, k` qul k`
qul hulsta`bc kc lstruhturc.
pr`saic. °Huãk ls su pr`dklgc0 gcbtalbl lb ubc p`sahaøb hlbtrck.
Xló`r  Xgatm:  Xagpklglbtl qul Xló`r Xgatm:   B` hrl` qul bc
lst`y blrva`s`, abqualt` t`f` lk fal fl kc ncgakac gl plrturdl.
talgp`.  Gab uhm ab:   Fájlgl prliubtcrkl  Ch.   Tlh`b`hl kc p`sahaøb flk
 Gabu hmab :   °\stlf lstã abqualt`0 c su lsp`sc, °fl chulrf`0 sló`r Xgatm h`g` iucrfaãb.
Xló`r  Xgatm:   Xa, bubhc pulf` £/ tlrcplutc lxplraglbtc lk p`
rlkcjcrgl. @m, c vlhls, c vlhls flr fl ub sastlgc rçiaf`, yc qul
pulf` mchlrk`. _lr` lb ilblrck b`. sus hulsta`bcgalbt`s mcb saf` `d
Lbt`bls gl pusl guy tlb«` y  jltc f`s h`b narg lzc p`r lk pcha lb
kls plfa qul  gl  kklvcslb ck  m`spa tl aflbtanahcf`, qul absastl lb
tck. Q lstuvl mcdkcbf` h`b lk f`h gcbtlblrsl h`g` pr`dklgc. Htg-
t`r
t`r Ncrrlkk  lb  lk  m`spatck. slhulbtlglbtl, lk tlrcplutc lbtc
Gabuhmab:  °\stlf  palbsc qul f`.Xló`r Xgatm:
  Dulb`. Fl chulr dkc h`btcht` h`b `tr` galgdr`.
ls ustlf lk pr`dklgc0  Ch.  v  T«. Flspuás fl kc sl-

486 48<

 Gabuhm ab:  °Suaáb palbsc


 Gabuhmab: palbsc ustlf "Dulb`, tlbi` qul h`bsuktcr pra
ls...0 glr` c D`d".
D`d". B` k` mci` p`r ga
Xló`rc Xgatm:  Dulb`, trctá fl hulbtc. Xalgprl
Xalgprl .. . p`rqul salbt`
qul ák ls lk jlnl fl kc ncgakac,
plbs
plbscr
pcrlhlcr qul
lb ls
lst`
ák t` y rlckglbtl
rlcksus
pr`v`hc glbtl gl
pr`pa`s y ák lstã mcdakatcf` pcrc mchlrk`.
pr`dklgcs. Cbtls fl mchlr huckqualr h`sc,
 Gab
 Gabuhm ab: Gg.
uhmab: fld` prliubtcrkl. Lbt`bhls b`
Xló`rc Xgatm:  _`rqul
_`rqul ák sl prl  Lstl kcri
kcri`` g`b
g`bø'`i
ø'`i`` flstchc
flstchc lk palbs`...
`hupc p`r h`scs tckls h`g` pcicr  h`b
 h`btr`k
tr`k flk gcr
gcraf`
af` s`dr
s`drll su lsp`
lsp`  Gab
 Gabuhm
uhmab:
ab:  °B` mcy bcfc fl k`  Tl.  Hulsta`bc bulvcglbtl kc
(c hulbtc fl kc lklhtrahafcf. Xl  sc y kc glfafc
glfafc lb qul lkkc sl rl qul ustlf mchl qul k` arratl0 vckaflz flk ltaqultcgalbt` flk
trctc fl cki` b`rgck pcrc t`f`s.  gatl c ák. _lr` su lkcd
lkcd`rcf
`rcfcc fls m`gdrl h`g` lbnlrg` sab t`gcr
Q ák talbl ub trcdcj` sliur`. B`  hraphaøb
 hraph aøb fl kcs n`rgcs lb qul su lb hulbtc lk h`btlxt` trcbschha`-
talbl p`r quá prl`hupcrsl chlrhc  gcr
 gcraf`
af` fldl h`btr`kcr
h`btr`kcrkc
kc sarvlb pc bck fl kc ncgakac, y hulsta`bc bul
fl ák Xl prl`hupc p`r kc hcsc hcsc..  rc flnabark
flnabark`` h`g`
h`g` ub m`gdrl
m`gdrl lb vcglbtl kc lxplralbhac fl kc rlcka
Hucbf` valbl c hcsc ‖h`g` sa kkc c  nlrg`.
 nlrg `. C glfafc
glfafc qul lkkc mcdkc,
mcdkc, fcf fl k`s galgdr`s fl kc nc
hcsc lstuvalsl p`r flscpcrlhlr. lk sló`r Xgatm gulstrc ubc h`b gakac.
Dulb`, bcfal vc c lbtrcr y kkl  fuhtcc qul sudrcyc
 fuht sudrcyc lk saibanah
saibanahcf`
cf` Xló`rc  Xgatm:  Xa, dulb`, ls
vcrsl bcfc. Ls p`r ls` qul hrl`  fl k` qul lkkc fahl.
fahl. p`r ls` qul y` fai`, c glb`s...
qul ák pr`v`hc sus pr`pa`s pr` b` sá, rlckglbtl b` sá. Hkcr`
dklgcs. Q rlckglbtl b` gl pc hucbf` praglr` v`kvç ck trcdcj`
rlhl qul y` k` arratl, c glb`s qul mchl gãs ` glb`s hct`rhl có`s
b` k` slpc. _`rqul salgprl ab °b` ls csa0 Xa, gãs ` glb`s,
tlbt` fljcr fl kcf` ga pr`pa` cpr`xagcfcglbtl hct`rhl có`s.
g`f` fl chtucr. Vrct` fl plbscr Xló`r Xgatm:  Xaltl...
h`g` ák k` mchl y trctcrá fl Xló`rc  Xgatm:  C ák b` kl ius  Kcs abfcicha
abfcicha`bl
`blss rllstruh
rllstruhturc
turcb
b
mchlr h`scs qul... trctcrá fl nc tcdc kc aflc fl qul y` v`kvalsl c  tls flk tlrcplut
tlrcplutcc mcb saf` fljcfcs
hakatcrkl kcs h`scs.  (Lk tlb`r Xgatm trcdcjcr, plr` hucbf` k` mahl nul  fl kcf` p`r la agpkchc
agpkchcdkl
dkl g`b
g`bø
ø
 h`g
 h`galb
albzc
zc c ciatcrtl lb n`rgn`rgcc dct p`rqul flsfl lk pubt` fl vastc k`i` y p`r kc h`bfuhtc sabt`gã
çcbtl lxtrcóc. Lxtalbfl tu hulrp` fl kcs nabcbzcs vavçcg`s ub g`  tahc flk tlb`r
tlb`r Xgatm.
Xgatm. Lk tlrcplu
tlrcplu
 h`g
 h`g`` ta nul
nultl
tl c t`hc
t`hcrr c tu ltp`-
ltp`- glbt` fançhak. Q ák tlbac f`s trc  tc tl talb
talbtl
tl hlrh
hlrhlbc
lbcf`
f` y nru
nrustrc
strc
 tc, plr` fljc hclr tu gcb gcb`` y kc dcj`s. Q lb lsc áp`hc b` tl slb  f`5 lxplr
lxplragl
aglbtc
btc kc blh
blhlsafc
lsafcff fl
 gulvl
 gul vl c k` kcri` flk d`rf d`rfll fl tçc dalb, y kl fajl c ák, kl fajl, v`kvlr c k`ircr lk h`btr`k fl kc
kc tttkc. "Kcric mug`" h`b ub quazã sa vulkv` c trcdcjcr tl p`  slsaøb.
 slsaøb.  Xa
Xabb  lgdcri`, b` pulfl ab
 pr`k`bicf
 pr`k` bicf`` tutpar`.
tutpar`. Lxcg
Lxcgabc
abc k`* frçc cyufcr. B` tlbfrãs qul tl  tlrr
 tlrrugp
ugparar c lstc gujlr
gujlr lb n`rgc
n`rgc
 rabh`blss fl tu  «aka`b. Tlplbtabc
 rabh`bl blr f`s trcdcj`s. Q fl lsl g`f`  flgcsac
 flgcsacf`f` drutlc,
drutlc, yc qul lkk` sl
glbtl,  tl abhkabc vcrc cpcicr tu p`r supulst` lstuv` fl chulrf`,  rac vavaf` h`gh`g`` `tr` ctc
ctcqul
qul p`r
 haicrrakk
 haicrrakk`,
`, y kuli
kuli`` hlpakkc
hlpakkc h`b hua
hua cubqul b` kl iustcdc qul y` trc  pcrtl
 pcrtl fl ubc plrs`plrs`bc
bc qul tl lb
 fcf` t`f` lk dr`t` fc tu takkc. dcjcsl. _lr` lstuv` fl chulrf`  hul
 hulbtrc
btrc yc lb b`tahaøb
b`tahaøb fl vahtagc.
vahtagc.
 Garc
 Garc tu rlk`
rlk`jj y lxcgab
lxcgabcc tus uóct.)
uóct.) p`rqul lrc ub pr`dklgc nabcbhal
H`g`, p`r ljlgpk`, sulk` prliub rc lb lb áp`hc. Lbt`bhls...
tcrkl: "°S
"°Sualrls
ualrls ququll vcyc ck ck
c k  Gab
 Gabuhm ab: °Suá  trcdcj` mchl
uhmab:
gcháb0", y ák gl h`btlstc qul b`, ustlf0  Ch.  H`bnargc c kc sló`rc Xgatm
Sualrl ar ák salgprl, "°^`y • pc abahacbf` ub faãk`i` h`b lkkc.
icr kcs hulbtcµ0" B`, ák qualrc  Tl.  H`g` lkkc mc lstcf` mc
mchlrk`. Xa ckiualb b`s kkcgc plrc dkcbf` fl sa gasgc søk` lb rlkc
Ar • ckiúb kcf`, salgprl fai`: haøb h`b su gcraf`, lk tlrcplutc

48> 489

kc kklvc c qul fljl fl flshradarsl Xló`r  Xgatm:  Dulb`, cm`rc ls


h`g` vçhtagc fl ub m`gdrl lb t`y gãs ` glb`s ch`stugdrcf` c
nlrg` y flshradc su vafc nulrc fl lkk`. _lr` lb kc áp`hc lb qul
kc ncgakac. lkkc k` pkcbtlø b` gl pcrlhçc qul
kcs gujlrls tuvalslb qul trcdcjcr.
Q.. .
Xló`rc  Xgatm:  Vrcdcj` lb ub
dcbh`.  Gab uhmab::  °Xu ncgakac ls ubc
 Gabuhmab
 Gabu hma b:   °Suá mchl ustlf ckkç0 ncgakac fl tap` trcfaha`bck0
Xló`rc Xgatm: X`y crhmavastc, y  Bulvcglb
 Bulvc glbtl,
tl, lk tlrcplutc
tlrcplutc sl vl Xló`rc Xgatm:  @m, sç.
lshrad` c gãquabc. Lb rlckafcf, dk`qulcf`. Hcfc ub` fl k`s høb Xló`r Xgatm:  Suazãs ls p`rqul
t`f` k` qul tlbic qul vlr h`b  yui ls mc chl ptcf ` `dl falb tlgl b gcgã bubhc
bubhc trcdcjø. Sualr` fl
`nahabc.  Q  ák. . . dulb`, bubhc kl tl kc aflc fl qul ls p`sadkl qul har, nulrc fl hcsc bubhc trcdcjø.
iustø kc aflc fl qul su gujlr
gujlr trc lk gcraf` b` slc lk úbah` pr`dkl Q y` salgprl quasl `hupcrgl flk
dcjcsl. _lr`, fl t`f`s g`f`s, y gc, fl tck g`f` qul b` sl k`s gcb
gcbtlbag
tlbagalbt` y .... .
ik`dckglb\' mcdkcbf`, ls` nchaka  pulf c chusc r fl b` h``p lrcr. Kc  Gabuhmab::  °Suá su gujlr
 Gabuhmab gujlr trc 
dcjcsl saibanahcdc cki`0 °Suá us
tø kcs h`scs. B` ls qul lstuvaásl- sló`rc Xgatm rlsp`bfaø
rlsp`bfaø c su ab tlf b` p`fçc gcbtlblrkc0
g`s flgcsacf` cprlgacf`s p`r lk tlbt` fl rl`ralbtcr su ctlbhaøb.
fablr`, plr` b` tlblg`s qul prl _lr` flspuás fl f`s flhkcrcha` qulXló`r   Xgatm:  y`
k` pkcbtlø, Lbtlbac
kc áp`hc
áp`h
f`sctrc
lb
`hupcrb`s p`r k`s pci`s. bls, vulkvl c flshradar c su gc dcj`s. Q gl quljcdc ub p`h` p`r
raf` h`g` ub m`gdrl lbnlrg`. ls`. Q ls p`r ls` qul lkkc faj`
 Flb tr` fl lstl sastl gc guy rçia qul mcrçc . . .
f`, kcs abtlrvlbha`bls flk tlrc  Gab
 Gabuhmab -.  °Suá trcdcj` mchl
uhmab-.
 plutc s`b fljcf cs fl kcf` . Kc ustlf0  Tl. Abtlrrugpl ub nkuj` fl plb
lxplralbhac fl lsl dk`qul` k` scgalbt`s `ralbtcf` c slóckcr qul
h`bfuhl c flscrr`kkcr ubc bulvc lk sló`r Xgatm lstã lbnlrg`, h`b
lstrctliac. H`gprlbfl qul fldl vartaábf`k` lb ub faãk`i` chlrhc
ák ubarsl c lkk`s çbtagcglbtl cb fl `trcs ãrlcs.
tls fl qul pulfcb chlptcr huck
qualr `plrchaøb rllstruhturcbtl. Xló`r Xgatm:  °Føbfl trcdcj`0
 Flh afl ubar sl c k`s høb yui l* h`b  Vrcdcj` pcrc ub gcbunchturastc.
 nargcbf`
 nargc bf` c hcfc ub` fl  lkk`s  ab Gabuhmab: °Huãk ls su trcdcj`0
favafuckglbtl, lsplrcbf` qul p` °Suá mchl ustlf0
frã lbt`bhls lbh`btrcrtl lb ubc Xló`r  Xgatm:  Vrcdcj` lb ub
 p`sa haøb qul kl plrg atc huls ta` kcd`rct`ra` h`g` táhbah` l abs
bcr sus abtlrchha`bls. Lb lnlht`, plht`r.
slrã h`g` ta fajlsl- "Cgd`* t`b  Gab
 Gabuhm ab:  °Ls` qualrl flhar lk
uhmab:  Ch.  Cubqul lk tlrcplutc b`
dulbcs plrs`bc*, plr` cki` lb kc csplht` pr`fuhtav` flk trcdcj`0 h`gprlbfl y b` lstã abtlrlscf`
 n`rg c qul Glrc htúc b l* hul sta` lb lk trcdcj` flk sló`r Xgatm, su
bcdkl". prliubtc cdrl ub ãrlc h`gúb5
 Gabuhmab::  Xló`r Xgatm, °p`r
 Gabuhmab  Ch.  Lstcdklhl h`btcht` utakazcb pulflb mcdkcr jubt`s fl bli`ha`s.
quá b` kl iustc qul su gujlr f` lk h`btlbaf` flk g`bøk`i` fl  Tl.  Lk h`btlbaf` ls chlrhc fl
trcdcjl0 kc sló`rc Xgatm. csplht`s b`rgckls fl kc vafc flk
 Tl.  Kc tlrgab`k`içc "b` kl ius pchalbtl aflbtanahcf`.
tc", sl lbhulbtrc cs`hacfc c kc Xló`r  Xgatm:  Dulb`, lb m`rcs
h`bfuhtc b`rgck, b` ck mlhm` fl lxtrcs trcdcj`
rcbtl kc lb trcdcj`
slgcbc pr`fuhhaøb.
lb lkFu
kc-
lstcr lbnlrg`.

48= 481

d`rct`ra` pr`pacglbtl fahm`, h`b  h`bnacb


 h`bnacbzc
zc fl qul tut abtl
abtlrvlb
rvlbha`
ha`
gulstrcs y fanlrlbtls pruldcs qul  bls slrãb cm`rc
cm`rc chlptcfc
chlptcfcµµ p`r lt
mcy qul mchlr. \scg`s guhm` lk  sastlgc..
 sastlgc
gahr`sh`pa`, lxcgabcbf` gulstrcs
h`b ub gahr`sh`pa`. Xló`r Xgatm:
Gabuhmab:   Gg.b` k` ls, lva
\stlf  Tl.  Absastl lb kc lzp\ftcfø`
 Gabuhmab: °Hucbt` talgp` mchl
 Gabuhmab:  Ch.  Kc lxpk`rchaøb fl kc vafc flbtlglbtl. fl su glbscjl.
qul trcdcjc ckkç0 flk m`gdrl k` rlcsliurc. Xló`r  Xg Xgatm:
atm: B`, b` farçc qul
Tl. Xaiul
Xaiul flstchcbf` k`s cs s`y abqualtc Sualr` flhar, fulr
plht`s b`rgckls fl kc vafc. g`. _lr` b`...
Xló`r  Xgatm: Vrlabtc có`s.  Gab
 Gabuhm
uhmab: ab:  \stlf ls h`bstcbtl  Ch.  H`bnargc ck sló`r Xgatm
Gabuhmab: (Vrlabtc có`sk Fa`s
Gabuhmab: lb ubub . . . h`g` h`gpltlbtl.
gç`. Xló`r Xgatm:  Lb k` qul h`b
Xló`r  Xgatm:  Xa. H`b kc h`g halrbl ck trcdcj`, sa. Dulb`, nua
pcóçc. _lr` b` trlabtc có`s lb ckkç hucbf` tlbac falhabulvl có`s
lstl trcdcj`. Mchl cpr`xagcfc y gl qulfá ckkç.
glbtl saltl có`s qul mci` lstl  Gab
 Gabuhm
uhmab: ab: °\stlf talbl hucrlb
trcdcj`. tc y bulvl0
 Gabuhm
 Gabuhmab:
ab: B` sá. Bubhc trcdc  Ch.  Csugl ubc chtatuf guhm` Xló`r Xgatm: Hucrlbtc y bulvl.
 já lb babiú
babiúb
b ku
kuic
icrr fu
furcb
rcbtl
tl gas glb`s f`igãtahc, agatcbf` ck sl  Gab
 Gabuhm
uhmab: ab: (vchuc,
(vchuc, h`g
h`g`` pcb
pcb--
fl saltl có`s. Lsl ls lk plra`f` ó`r Xgatm l abtr`fuhl su pr`pac  tcbf`.)
 tcbf`.)  Vlblg`s kc gasgc lfcf lfcf..  Ch.  Lk tlrcplutc y lk sló`r
gas pr`k`bicf` qul trcdcjá. X`y vafc plrs`bck, mcdkcbf` fl trc Xgatm sl cslgljcb lb kc lfcf csa
guhm` gcs ablstcdkl qul ustlf. dcjcf`r c trcdcjcf`r. h`g` tcgdaáb p`r slr abqualt`s
X`y ubc plrs`bc guy abqualtc.  Tl.  Ck ubarsl ck sló`r Xgatm, y p`r slr trcdcjcf`rls.
(Tctlc tu hcdlzc, garc tu  rlk`j, lk tlrcplutc slóckc qul ls p`sadkl Xló`r Xgatm:  °Tlckglbtl0  Lk tlb`
tlb`rr Xgatm
Xgatm chu
chusc
sc rlha
rlhad`,
d`,
 y juiultlc
juiultlc h`b tu tch`.) qul lk pchalbtl b` lstá tcb lb  ch`g`fã
 ch`g`fãbf`bf`tl
tl ck tlrcplut
tlrcplutc.
c.
nlrg`. Gak cub, ck prlslbtcrsl  Gab
 Gabuhm
uhmab:
ab:  °Q huãbf` lgplzø  Tl.  Cm`rc sl flskaic, h`bvar
h`g` "abqualt`" lk tlrcplutc hrlc ustlf c prl`hupcrsl chlrhc fl taábf`sl lb lk lxplrt` qul sl fa
ubc satuchaøb pcrcføjahc lb kc lstcs h`scs0 rail c ubc plrs`bc qul blhlsatc
ubc satuchaøb pcrcføjahc lb kc rail c ubc plrs`bc qul blhlsatc
qul lk m`gdrl gcs fádak, lk sló`r cyufc.
Xgatm, ls vast` h`g` lk gcs nulr Xló`r Xgatm:  Mch l falz có`s.
có`s.
 Gab
 Gabuhm
uhmab:
ab:  Falz có`
có`s.
s. Fçicgl,
tl. Xa tck h`bnusaøb
lbnlrglfcf ls p`sadkl,
flk pchalbtl kc
aflbtana quazã su maj`... °su úbah` maj`0  Ch.  H`gpruldc
plrgas` flk sló`r qul talbl
Xgatm lk
pcrc
hcf` tcgdaáb pulfl slr hulsta` lstcdklhlr h`btcht` h`b Gcttmlw.
bcfc. Kc raiaflz flk lsqulgc nc Xló`r Xgatm: Xa.
gakacr ls hulsta`bcfc.  Gab
 Gabuhm
uhmab Gcttmcw):  Vu pc
ab (c Gcttmcw):  Ch.  Gcbtalb
Gcbtalbll ck pcfrl lb kc
Lk  tlrcplutc lt  h`bshalbtl  flk frl faj` qul ák ls lk pr`dklgc p`sahaøb fl pchalbtl aflbtanahcf`,
 mlh
 mlhm`m` fl qul fltc rr`ûc ubc  ls
fltcrr`ûc fl kc ncgakac. °_lr` huãkls t`b kcs galbtrcs lstcdklhl h`btcht` h`b
trctliac  qul k` chlrhcrã ck tlb`r h`scs qul mchlb qul tu pcfrl su maj`.
Xgatm, b` csa flk mlhm` fl qul tu . . . qul k` arratcb, qul k` plrtur  Tl.  _crc lxpk`rcr kcs trcbschha`
 h`b
 h`bfuht
fuhtcc vcha
vchakckc y fc qul tu p`- dcb, quá ls k` qul k` pufrl0 bls abtlrplrs`bckls qul pulflb
 tahaøb
 tahaø b mc plrfaf` p`fcr.
p`fcr. Mcdkc fl arratcr ck sló`r Xgatm, hulsta`bc
 ta gag
gag`` h`g
h`g`` ub glfaglfa`` tcbt`
tcbt` lk pr`dklgc prlslbtcf` fl pct`-
 pcb chlr
chlrhcrt
hcrtll h`g`
h`g` plbc  huls k`iac abtrcptaquahc.
ta`bcr  kc flnabahaøb flk m`gdrl  Mcdalbf
 Mcd albf`` lstc
lstcdklh
dklhaf`
af` h`b
h`btcht
tcht``
 h`g`
 h`g` lbnlrg`.
lbnlrg`. Xl talbtc gaµ chlp
chlp  h`b f`s galgdr`
galgdr`ss fl kc ncgncgakac
akac,,
 tcf`,, gãs trcb
 tcf` trcbqua
quak`
k` y h`b gcy
gcy`r`r lk tlrcplutc abtlbtc abhkuar ck tlr-

46? 463

 hlr`.
 hlr`. Tlhu
Tlhurrl
rrl c ub klbiucjl
klbiucjl cfl Xló`r   Dr`wb:  Xltlbtc y `hm`.  Lk tlrcplutc
tlrcplutc talbt
talbtll ub halrt`
halrt`
 huc
 hucf`
f` pcrc ub cf` cf`klsh
klshlbt
lbtl,
l, lbhc
lbhc  Gabuh mab:   Xltlbtc y `hm`. Val  rlsplt`
 rlsplt` p`r lk cbhacb
cbhacb`. `. Vcg
Vcgdaáb
daáb
 rãbf`k`
 rãbf `k` h`g`
h`g` ubc plrs`bc
plrs`bc  qul bl dulb csplht`.  talb
 talbtl
tl flsl`*
flsl`* fl pr`tl pr`tlilr
ilr ck
 `dslrvc
 `dsl rvc kcs h`sc* fl kc ncga ncgakac.
kac.  cdulk`,
 cdulk`, ck plrhadar
plrhadar tu kuicr
kuicr gcr
gcr
Hucbf` Gabuhmab lstcdklhaø h`b Xló`r  Dr`wb:  B`, kl v`y c fl
 iabckk lb kc ncg
 iabc ncgakac.
akac.
 Gcttm
 Gc ttm lw:
lw :  B` sá. B` hrl` qul  tcht` h`b Gcttmlw
Gcttmlw lsplrcd
lsplrcdcc lb har k` qul palbs`. K` qul k` pr`
 Lk cdulk`
cdulk` tcgdaáb
tcgdaáb gcbtalb
gcbtalbll kc
sl
slcc h` g `. .. ckiualb
ckiualb qul k`k` pr`  h`btrcr
 h`bt rcr ub c'a`f`, ub hcgab` pc v`hc ls lk pr`pa` D`d. Xalgprl
lstruhturc fl kc ncgakac.
v`qul.
v`qul. Ls søk` .. . b` sásá..  rc abtlrvlbha`
abtlrvlbha`blsbls rllst
rllstruht
ruhturcb
urcbtl*.tl*. lstã prl`hupcf` p`r gç. Sualrl
 _lr` lb kui kuicr
cr fl lkk` lk baó
baó`` rl qul t`f` slc mlhm` fl ub g`f`
 patl k` qul fahl su gcfrl. Lk tl fltlrgabcf`, °gl lbtalbfl0 Lb
 rcplutc
 rcplu tc sl salbtl arratcf`
arratcf` y su `trcs pckcdrcs, ls lsplhack, °gl
 nrustrch
 nrustrchaøb
aøb abtl
abtlrvalb
rvalbll lb su sa lbtalbfl0 Q ák vl cki` qul y` b`
 iua
 iualbt
lbtll rlnl
rlnlrlb
rlbhac
hac c kc ncg
ncgakac
akac.. mcyc mlhm` y fl abglfact` talbl
 Gabuhm ab:   B` pulf` hrllr qul  Tl.   Absastl pcrc qul kc ncgakac qul ar y mchlrk`. Q sa ckiualb
slc csa °scdl0 Kcs plrs`bcs s`b lxpk`rl trcbschha
lxpk`rl trcbschha`bls
`bls abtlrplrs`bc fahl: "K` mcrá". "B`, k` mcrá y`.
salgprl pcrtl fl ub t`f` hucbf` kls. Lk tlrcplutc hulsta`bø lk sas K` mcrá y`", fahl. Lsc ls ubc h`
vavlb jubtcs, lbt`bhls sl arratcb tlgc søk` lb n`rgc abfarlhtc galb
gutucglbtl, °gl lbtalbfls0 Ls trcs mcdkcdc h`b lk pcfrl y kc sc. @trc . ..  °\stlf fahl qul kl
t`y sliur` fl qul tu pcfrl tl arra gcfrl, plr` ck mcdkcr h`b lk maj`
 Gabu hma b:  Tl.   Tlhkcsanahc kc flshraphaøb
iustc mchlr
mchlr h`sc
h`scss lb kuicr .. . pc flk sló`r Dr`wb rlnlrlbtl c kcs
tc c vlhls. (Kc sló`rc Xgatm ctchc h`b nulrzc. Bulvcglbtl
rc `trcs plrs`bcs0 chha`bls flk sló`r Xgatm. Lk sló`r
csalbtl lbnãtahcglbtl.) Q lst`y hulsta`bc kc plrhlphaøb fl kc
sliur` fl qul tu cdulk` tl arratc rlckafcf fl ub galgdr` fl kc Dr`wb kcs kkcgc h`bs`kcf`rcs. Lk
c vlhls. Q tú, tcgdaáb, arratcs c tu ncgakac. tlrcplutc suialrl qul s`b slrva
cdulk` y c tu pcfrl y c tu gcfrl. Ch. H`bhkuyl su ctcqul h`b ub hackls.
Lst`y sliur` fl ls`. °Vlbi` rc plfaf` fl cs`hachaøb y rlh`b`ha
zøb0 galbt`. Xló`r Xgatm:  Hrl` qul b` h`g  Lk sló`r Xgatm absastl
absastl lb *u p`
 Gcttmlw:
 Gcttmlw:  Xa. _lr` y` b` k` prlbfaø lk vlrfcflr` slbtaf`.  sahaøb h`g`
 sahaøb h`g` pchalbtl
pchalbtl.. Abtl
Abtlrrug
rrugpl
pl
arrat` tcbt`, h`g` pcrc p`blrk` lk faãk`i` lbtrl lk sló`r Dr`wb
rlckglbtl blrva`s`. _ulf` p`rtcr  y Gabuhm
Gabuhmabab pr`fu
pr`fuhalb
halbf`
f` ubc h`
gl gck c vlhls. _lr` b` hrl` qul  gubahch
 gub ahchaøb
aøb plrpl
plrpltuc
tucf`rc
f`rc fl kc
y` k` arratl tcbt`. Ch. Xl farail ck baó` h`g` ub lstruhturc p`r pcrtl flk cdulk`.
Gabuhnhg: °Q tu cdulk`0 °Lk `dslrvcf`r h`gpltlbtl fl kc ls Xló`r   Dr`wb:  B`, b`, b`. _crc
arratc c tu pcfrl0 hlbc ncgakacr. ák gasg`. Dulb`, supøbicsl qul
mcy talrrc lb kc ckn`gdrc. Lk fahl
 Gcttmlw :  B`. B` mcdkc guhm`.  Ch.   Lstcdklhl h`btcht` h`b lk lbt`bhls: "dulb`, mcy talrrc lb
 Gabuhm ab:   Lk cdulk` b` mcdkc hucrt` galgdr`, faraiaábf`sl c ák kc ckn`gdrc". Lkkc: "dulb`, v`y
guhm`. °Suá lfcf talbl ustlf, lb n`rgc j`vack. c kagpacrkc". "B` tl prl`hupls
prl`hupls,, y`
sló`r Dr`wb0 k` mcrá." Q lbt`bhls vc fl ab
Xló`r Dr`wb:  B` sá. C vlhls glfact` y kc kagpac. Q` hrl` qul
palbs` qul mcdk` flgcsacf`. b` fldlrçc mchlrk`.
 Gabuhm ab:   °Suá lfcf talbl us  Gabuh mab:   Fl lsl g`f` ák cyu  Tl.   Bulvcglbtl rlhkcsanahc.
tlf0 fc.
Xló`r Dr`wb:  °Huãbt` kl pcrl Xló`r Dr`wb:  B` hrl` qul ls lstá
tá Lk  sló`r Dr`wb pcrlhl rlck
hl c ustlf0 dalb. B` hrl` qul fldlrçc mchlr  glbtl prl`hup
 glbtl prl`hupcf`
cf` p`r lk sló`r
sló`r
 Gabuh mabt @m,   ckrlflf`r fl k`. Fldlrçc fljcr qul k`s `tr`s mc Xgatm, b` sagpklglbtl ckacf` h`b
habhulbtc y trls. icb cki` tcgdaáb.  su majc
majc.. _lr` lk cdu
cdulk`
lk` b` talb
talbll

464 468

 guhm`` p`flr lb lk tattlg`.


 guhm tattlg`. Lk Xló`r Xgatm:  Vrcdcj` nãhak.
 tlrcplutc k` trctc h`b rlsplt`,
 tlrcplutc rlsplt`,  Gcttmlw: Xa.
 Gcttmlw:
 plr` flha
flhafl
fl qul kc* abtlrvlb
abtlrvlbha`
ha` Xló`rc Xgatm:  _lr` ls ubc ircb

 blscdu
rllstruht
rllst cyufc.
 Gabuh mab:   °Suaáb p`r ljlgpk`0  ck lk`ruhturcb
cdulk` b`urcbtl*
tl*
pulf lbqul
pulflb tlblrutakahlb
utak
tlblr ahlb.
áxat`
áxat`. Xló`r Xgatm: Kagpalzc plscfc
b` mci` pcrc lkkc, ba tcgp`h` kcv`
Xló`r Dr`wb:  Huckqualrc fl k`s pkct`s. Xa, kc cyuf` h`b k`s
b`s`tr`s trls.
pkct`s flsfl qul b`s hcscg`s,
Gabuhmab: °Hcric t`f` s`drl
plr` b` salgprl. Kc gcy`r pcrtl
sus m`gdr`s0
fl kcs vlhls.
Xló`r  Dr`wb:  Hcsa t`f`. Q`
 Gct
 Gcttmlw:
tmlw:  Hrl`
Hrl ` qul qualrl fl-
.. . prãht
prãhtahcglbt
ahcglbtll t`f`.
 Ch.   Mcdalbf` lstcdklhaf` h`b har sa, p`r ljlgpk`, cki` sl r`g
 Gabuh mab:   Vú. °Høg` gl fa
tcht` h`b lk sló`r Dr`wb, sl vulk paø lb kc hcsc ` . . .
jastl qul tl kkcgcdcs0
vl mchac `tr` galgdr` y dushc  Gabuhm
 Gabuhmab
ab (h`b abfaibch
abfaibchaøb)
aøb)::
lstcdklhlr h`btcht` h`b Gcttmlw lsplrc ub p`h`, lsplrc ub p`h`.  Tl.   _kcbtlc pcrc lk sló`r Xgatm
fl ub g`f` gãs ncgakacr. °Suaáb qualrl flhar0 ub hcgab` pcrc flnabar lk kagatl
abtlrilblrcha`bck, yc qul kc ab
 Gcttml
 Gcttmlw:
w:  Gcttmlw.
faibchaøb h`bstatuyl ubc nulrzc
 Gabuh mab:   Gcttmlw. Vú b` ls
p`flr`sc pcrc kc slpcrchaøb.
tcdcs fl chulrf` h`b lst`, h`b kc
cnargchaøb fl tu cdulk`.
cnargchaøb Lk  tlrcplutc talbl kc agprlsaøb
 Gcttmlw:
 Gcttmlw:  Hrl` qul lb pcrtl  fl qul Gcttmlw
Gcttmlw hrata
hratahc
hc c tu pc
talbl rczøb. B` gl pcrlhl qul  frl h`b lxhlsa
lxhlsavc
vc kadlrtcf,
kadlrtcf, p`r k`
mcic t`f`, scdl. Lk rlckglbtl  huc
 huckk flhafl
flhafl ctch
ctchcr
cr ck maj`,
maj`, g`s
g`s
trctc fl mchlr guhmcs h`scs. _`r  trcb
 trcbf`
f` tu abfa
abfaibch
ibchaøb.
aøb.
ljlgpk`, sa ckiualb sl `nrlhl, ák
 Gcttmlw:
 Gcttmlw:  Ga cdulk`.
farã: "b`, pulf` mchlrk` y`". B`  Gabuh mab:   Vu cdulk`. Lstãs lx
gl pcrlhl qul sl gltc lb t`f`. pkahcbf` c tu cdulk`.
Mcrã guhm` fl lst`. Lb rlckafcf  Gcttmlw : Xa.  H`g` sa cki` ls
b` flgcsacf`. _lr` fl t`f`s g` tuvalsl r`t` lb kc hcsc ` cki` csa,
f`s ák gl fahl qul scqul kc dc qulrrã mchlrk` ák ` cki`.
Xló`r Xgatm:  B`, b` gl iustc
surc y t`f`. Lscs h`scs, kc gcy`r gcbljcr c kc ilbtl fl lsl g`f`.
pcrtl kcs tlbi` qul mchlr y`.
Sualr` qul slc mlhm` fl abglfac
Xló`rc Xgatm:  _lr` lbt`bhls  Kc quljc
quljc fl Gct Gcttmlw
tmlw cpcrlhl
cpcrlhl
t`, pr`dcdklglbtl, y ls hcrchtlrçs
hucbf` b` kcs mchls, ák tlrgabc  h`g` guy tçpahc fl k`* pr`dkl pr`dkl
tah`...
p`r mchlrkcs.  gc* lbtrl
lbtrl maj`s  cf`klshlbtl* y tu*
 pcfrl*.
 pcfrl *. Kc sló`
sló`rcrc Xgat
Xgatm m tl ubl  Gcttmlw :  Xa, h`g` sa quasalsls
qul slc mlhm` fl abglfact`.
lb ubc ckacbzc h`b lk tlb`r Xgatm,
 flnabalb f` k`s   kagatls   flk   sudsas Xló`rc Xgatm:  B` talbl suna  Kcs trls cnargch
cnargcha`b
a`bls
ls saiulb
saiulb
tlgc  pcrlbtck. halbtl pchalbhac h`g` pcrc lspl udahcbf` ck tlb`r Xgatm lb kc pl
rcr.  tahaøb
 tahaøb fl lbnl
lbnlrg`
rg`.. Lxastl ubc h`ab
Xló`r   Xgatm:  B` hrl` qul slc  Lk tlb`r
tlb`r Xgatm rllttcd\hl
rllttcd\hl tu
ls` k` qul lstã gck, p`rqul y`  p`sahaøb
 p`sah aøb h`g`
h`g` lbnlrg`
lbnlrg` y rlch rlchta
ta  haflbhac
 haflb hac lb rlkchaøb
rlkchaøb h`b lstc pcu
b` p`frac cyufcr gãs c ga gujlr vc kc satuchaøb lb qul tu maj` k`  tc trcbtchh
trcbtchha`bc
a`bckk fasnu
fasnubha`
bha`bck,
bck, qul
lb k` qul h`bhalrbl c kc kagpalzc.  trctc h`g` lbnl
lbnlrg`.
rg`.  gcbtalb
 gcb talbll c kc ncgncgakac
akac uba
ubafc.
fc. Lk
Gcttmlw: Xa, h`g` p`r ljlgpk`  tlb`rr Xgatm
 tlb` Xgatm mcdçc
mcdçc lgplzcf`
lgplzcf` bulbul
ák pulfl v`kvlr c h`sc y, p`r vcglbtl c flshradarsl h`g` lbnlr
ljlgpk`, dcrrlr kc ckn`gdrc.  g`, k` qul chtavc ¡c chtatuf pr`-

466 46<

klht`rc fl kc sló`rc Xgatm, lva  sló`rc Xgatm


 sló`rc Xgatm saiu
saiull mcdkcb
mcdkcbf`
f` y
tcbf` ub gcy`r flscrr`kk`.  b` qualrl
qualrl abt
abtlrru
lrrugpa
gpark`
rk` lb n`rgc
n`rgc
Xló`rc Xgatm:  B` hrl` qul slc  drushc
 drushc..
cki` gck`. Guhmc ilbtl ls csç.  Gab
 Gabuhm ab:  Xl prl`hupc p`r us
uhmab:
 Gab
 Gabuhmab
uhmab:: Gc flhçc: "b` hrata-  Ch.  Gcbtalbl
Gcbtalbl y flna
flnabl
bl lk kç- tlf. °Ls ls` k` qul b` kl iustc0
quls c _c". gatl flk sudsastlgc h`byuick, fl Xló`rc  Xgatm:  Xç. B` gl pc  Kc `dslrvc
`dslrvchaøb
haøb fl kc sló`sló`rc
rc
tck g`f` qul pulfcb flscrr`kkcr rlhl qul fldlrçc mchlrk`, p`rqul Xgatm chlrhc flk sló`r Xgatm ls
sl kcs trcbschha`bls p`satavcs, fl s`y ubc plrs`bc y ák b` fldlrçc ubc h`gubahchaøb qul abtlbtc
cp`y` gutu`. prl`hupcrsl tcbt`. _`rqul talbl  hrlcrr fastcbha
 hrlc fastcbhacs,
cs, lxprlscf
lxprlscfcc lb rls
Lk tlrcplutc salbtl qul mc saf` guhm`s pr`dklgcs
pr`dklgcs fl k`s qul fl
f l  pul
 pulstc
stc c kc `plrcha
`plrchaøb
øb prlv
prlvac
ac flk
flgcsacf` blictav` mchac kc sl dlrçc `hupcrsl.  tlrcplu
 tlrcplutc
tc qul cpu cpubtc
btcdc
dc c cu
ó`rc Xgatm y sl h`rrail.  glbtcr
 glb tcr lk h`b
h`btch
tcht`
t` gcr
gcraf`-
af`-gua
gualr.
lr.
 Gcttm lw:   °Lkkc quá0 Gabuhmab:
Gabu hmab: \stlf qualrl flhar  Tl.  @djltc lk abtlbt` fl kc sl
 Gab uhm ab:   Lkkc sagpklglbtl fa qul sl prl`hupc p`r ustlf, c vl ó`rc Xgatm fl gcbtlblr kc ls
j`: "b` hrataquls c pcpa". _`rqul hls lst` kc g`klstc. °Gl p`frçc truhturc prlvac h`b ubc h`bvcka
tú lstcdcs fahalbf`: "Lk ls agpc fcr ub haicrrakk`, sló`r Xgatm0 fchaøb abtlrplrs`bck qul h`bs`kafc
halbtl", y Gc fahl: "dulb`, scdls, Xló`r  Xgatm:  _`r supulst` lk sudsastlgc gcraf`-gujlr.
guhmc ilbtl ls csç". °_r`tlil c (`nrlhl ub haicrrû'` ck tlrcplutc).
pcpã0  Gab
 Gabuhm
uhmab:
ab:  Nug`
N ug` søk` hucbf`
 Gcttm
 Gcttmlw:
lw: B` gl pcrlhl. b` sá k` qul mchlr, plr` lb lstl
 Gab uhm ab:   B` mcy bcfc gck` g`glbt` b` sá k` quá mchlr, p`r
lb lst`. _albs` qul ls cki` dcs ls` lst`y prl`hupcf`. Lst`y nu
tcbtl
tcbtl d ulb`.  Ch.   Bulvcglbtl cp`yc ck sud gcbf`.  (Lk tlrcplutc sl quat` lk
sastlgc h`byuick, rlnaraábf`sl c  sch`,, k` hulkic y vul
 sch` vulkvl
kvl  p`rc  qul Xl  trctc fl `plrcha`bls gagá-
trcbschha`bl
trcbschha`blss p`satavcs gcraf` -gu lk sló`r Xgatm kc fá nuli`.)  tahc
 tahcss lsp`btãb
lsp`btãblcslcs,, `raiabc
`raiabcfcs
fcs lb
jlr, k` qul trcbquakazc c Gcttmlw k` prl`hupchaøb flk tlrcplutc. Kc
mchaábf`kl slbtar qul b` talbl  h`bfuh
 h`bfuhtc tc sab
sabt`g
t`gãtah
ãtahcc flk sló`r
sló`r
p`r quá agpkahcrsl. Xgatm y kc `plrchaøb hrlcf`rc fl
 Gctt mlw :   Lkkc ls ub p`h`, gl  fastcbh
 fastcbhacac fl kc sló`rc
sló`rc Xga
Xgatmtm mcb
pcrlhl. B` hrl` qul slc s`drlpr`  fltl
 fltlrgab
rgabcf`
cf` bul
bulvcg
vcglbtlbtll qul lk
tlht`rc.  tlrcplu
 tlrcplutc tc sl salbtc lxhkuaf``  l  ag
salbtc lxhkuaf
 Gab uhm ab:   Sualr` flhar sagpkl  Ch.  H`bvckafc ck sló`r y c kc  p`tlbtl
 p`tlbtl.. Lb lstl g` g`glb
glbt`t` lk tl
glbtl pr`tlht`rc, lb n`rgc p`sa sló`rc Xgatm h`g` p`satav`s y  rcplutc
 rcpl utc y lk sló`r
sló`r Xga
Xgatmtm sl lb
tavc. Flk gasg` g`f` lb qul dulb`s.  hul
 hulbtr
btrcb
cb nugcbf
nugcbf`` y lb gcbi`s gcbi`s
pcpa cpcrlbtlglbtl pr`tlil c t`  Tl.   Ck sudrcycr k`s csplht`s  fc h`gas`.
h`gas`.
f`s k`s flgãs, sliúb k` qul fahl p`satav`s lb m rlkchaøb gcraf`-  Gab
 Gabuhm
uhmab:
ab:  °H`g` sl kkcgc su  Ch.  Abtlbtc rlfuhar kcs fastcb
lk cdul'`. °Ls halrt`0
halrt`0 °Xu gcraf` gujlr, hulsta`bc lk lsqulgc nc lsp`sc0 hacs uscbf` k`s b`gdrls.
abtlbtc mchlr h`scs, trctc fl mchlr gakacr. Xló`r Xgatm:  T`slgcry.
su trcdcj`0  Gab
 Gabuhm ab: T`slgcry. °Q ustlf0
uhmab:
Xló`rc  Xgatm:  Dulbc,  sl  prl Xló`r  Xgatm:  D`d, T`dlrt.
`hupc flgcsacf`   p`r  gç.  Gab
 Gabuhm
uhmab:
ab:  D`d. T`slgcry fahl Lk  tlrcplutc mc vulkt` s`drl sus
(Lk sló`r Xgatm susparc ruaf`sc  Lk tlrc
tlrcplu
plutc
tc salbtl
salbtl qul lstã qul c vlhls ustlf rl prl`hupc fl  pcs`s, y` qul `ds
 pcs`s, `dslrvø
lrvø qul lk h`b
h`b
 glbtl,
 glb tl, kul
kuli`
i` rlpl
rlplbta
btabcg
bcglbt
lbtll sl  plrfalb
 plrf albf`
f` ck sló`r
sló`r Xgatm, qul tal gcsacf` p`r lkkc. °C quá sl rl  tcht
 tcht`` farlht`
farlht` h`b kc sló`rc
sló`rc Xgatm
Xgatm
 schc
 schc lk cdrai`
cdrai` y hcgabc
hcgabc c ircb
ircb  bl ubc garcfc
garcfc vafra`sc
vafra`sc y fastcbtl.
fastcbtl. nalrl0  cuglbt
 cug lbtcc kc abqual
abqualtuf
tuf flk sló`r
sló`r
 fls pcs`s pcrc h`kicrk`
h`kicrk`.. Lbhalb
Lbhalbfl
fl Xalbtl kc blhlsafcf fl k`ircr h`b Xgatm. Cm`rc lstcdklhl h`btcht`
lbt`bhls ub haicrrakk`.)  tcht`
 tcht` h`b lk sló`r
sló`r Xga
Xgatm,
tm, plr` kc  h`b k` lsp`
lsp`sc
sc ` trcvás flk gc
gcraf`
raf`..

46= 469

 Mcdaáb f`tl ch`g` fcf` ck rlspl-  juah


 juaha`
a`,, h`g
h`g`,
`, t`fc
t`fcss gas chha`
chha`b
bls
ls,,
 tcr lk kuicr hlbtrc k flk tlb`r y b` ls bcfc qul...
Xgatm, y mcdaábf`k` agatcf` ck  Gabuhmab:
 Gab uhmab: °_ulfl ustlf garcr  Tl. Tlhruflhl kc abtlbsafcf
abtlbsafcf fl
quatcrsl lk tch` y lbhlbfaf` ub c . . . pulfl
pulfl fcr
fcr vulktc
vulktc su sakkc0 su abfcichaøb.
 haicrra kk`, Gabuh mab tl talbtl bul Xló`r Xgatm:  °Fcr vulktcvulktc ga
vcglbtl lb h`btcht` h`b lk sló`r sakkc0
Xg\m.  Gabu
 Gabuhma b:  Xa. Xagpklglbtl pc
hmab: Tl. Xaiul g`fanahcbf` kc fas
Xló`r Xgatm:  Dulb`, y` s`y, rc qul pulfc garcrkc. (Xl klvcb p`sahaøb lspchack, abtlbsanahcbf` lk
b` sá rlckglbtl quá qualrl flhar  tc y cyufc c k`s lsp`s`µ c g`fa strlss lb lk sudsastlgc gcraf`-
h`b ls`. Gl prl`hup`
prl`hup` p`r lkkc y  nahcr
 nahcr kc p`sah
p`sahaøb
aøb fl sus tukc*
tukc* fl gujlr, k` qul pulfl lstagukcr lk
lst`y guy lbcg`rcf` fl lkkc, y  tck g`f` qul qulflb lbnrlbtc  flspkaliul fl pcutcs trcbschha`
b` hrl` qul gl prl`hupl flgc  f`s.) bckls cktlrbctavcs.
sacf`. Xló`r Xgatm: Xa.
 Gabuh mab:   Vrctlg`s fl cvlra  Tl. mlµ csaibc kc tcrlc fl mc  Gabuhmab:
 Gabu hmab: _`rqul quazãs ustlf  Ch.  Tlcsliurc ck sló`r Xgatm
Xgatm
iucrk`. Vrctlg`s fl cvlraiucrk`. dkcr lbtrl sa. b`... ustlf pcsc p`r ckt` ckiu ck lxpkahcr kcs rcz`bls fl su pl
(Mchl ub ilst`, slóckcbf` qul lk Lk  tlrcplutc salbtl qul k`s b`s fl k`s glbscjls. faf`. Lk cuglbt` fl strlss cl
sló`r Xgatm y kc sló`rc Xgatm  galgdr `s fl kc ncgakac b` sliua ch`gpcóc csa h`b ubc flhkcrc
fldlrçcb mcdkcr.)  rãb sus abstru hha`b ls, p`r k` huck haøb fl cp`yc
abahac ubc ncsl fastabtc fl kc lb Xló`r Xg\m: K`s úktag` vlabta
 trlvastc , abstru ylbf` c k`s pcrtaha  trás có`s.
 pcbtls pcrc qul mcdklb lbtrl sç. Xló`rc Xg\m (rçl):  B`, plr`
 K` mchl pcrc lstaguk crk`s c qul h`g` ‖ák salgprl‖ ls guy fanç
 gulstr lb sus pcutcs trcbsch ha`bc hak fl lxpkahcr. B` sá rlckglbtl
kls mcdatuckls lb kc chhaøb. Abtlb høg
høg` ` lxpkahcrk`.
 tc cm`rc gcbtlb lrtl nulrc fl kc Xló`r Xg\m:  Hrl` qul qualrl
qualrl  Cgd`µ høbyu ilµ gcbtal blb kc
 fashus aøb, lb kc glfafc fl k` p` flhar...  pcutc trcbsc hha`bc k prlnlrafc , mc-
 sadkl.  dkãbf` kl ck tlrcplut c lb kuicr fl
 mcdkcr lbtrl   «a.
Xló`r  Xg\m:  B` sá k` qul  Gabu hmab:   B`, b`,
b`, b`.  (Mchl  Tl. Absastl pcrc qul mcdklb lb
qualrl flhar h`b... ub ilst` abfahcbf` qul fldlb trl sa, lxhkuylbf` ck tlrcplutc.
Xló`rc  Xg\m {mcdkcbf` prab  mcdkcr lbtrl sa.)
 hapckg lbtl   «g garcr `ç   tlb`r Xló`rc Xg\m:  B`, plr` lk lstã
Xg\m): Dulb`, c vlhls, lb rlcka salgprl...
fcf, h`g` hucbf` vulkv` c hcsc hmab: Mãdklkl c ák. Mãdkl-
 Gabuhmab:
 Gabu
flk trcdcj`, p`r ljlgpk`, lk sãdc kl ák. Mãdklkl c ák.
f`. Dulb`, quazã b` lk sãdcf`. Xló`rc  Xg\m:   Fl chulrf`.
chulrf`. H` H`g` rlspulstc c kc fasgabu
Hu
Huckqua
ckqualr
lr fac. g` hucbf` vulkv` c hcsc: "°Suá  haøb fl fastcbh ac lbtrl k`µ høbyu 
Xló`r  Xgatm: Ggg. faj` ástl, quá faj` cquák0". Ls`  ilµ y c kc h`bs`k afchaøb flk ka
 Gabuhm
 Gab uhmab:
ab: °Xcdlb cki`0 Valblb  Tl. Xaiul hulsta`bcbf` k`s gl ls hucbf` v`y ck plkuqulr`.
plkuqulr`. Hucb  gatl ckrlflf` r flk sudsas tlgc h`b
lstc sakkc, ástc, lb lk glfa`, lb hcbasg`s fl fastcbhacgalbt` lbtrl f` vcs c ckiúb kcf` y vls c ck  yuick, mc cpcrlh af` `trc pcutc.
halrt` g`f` lbtrl ustlfls.  (Xchc gcraf` y gujlr rlhurralbf` c kc iualb
iualb y vls c Gcry,
Gcry, ` c ckiualb,  B` tl trctc fl kc prl`hu pchaøb
¡c ta'kc.) rlfastraduhaøb flk lspcha`. y y` fai`: "°Suá faj` Gcry0"  fl ubc lsp`sc p`r ub gcraf ` lb
Xló`r Xg\m:  Lgplzø c lstcr ‖k` qul b` talbl bcfc fl gck`  nlrg` tab` fl kc quljc fl  ubc
gãs, um. (Flspalhl  tu stakc.) hucbf` tú gl k` prliubtcs‖. _l lsp`sc cbtl ub m`gdrl li`çstc,
 Gabu
 Ga bu hm ab:  Xa. r`, fl t`f`s g`f`s, ák b` gl k`  h`btr `kcf `r.
Xló`rc Xg\m:  _`bl lb tlkc fl fahl. _lr` lb `tr`s slbtaf`s, p`r

46= 461

ljlgpk` sa lst`y lbnlrgc, v`kvlrã  F`ht`r


 F`ht`r N
Ncrrl kk: \stlf faj` quazã
crrlkk:
c hcsc flk trcdcj` y gl qulfcrá qul ák b` scdl høg` flg`strcr
lb hcgc, lsplrcbf`, lsplrcbf` su cg`r.
qul vlbics y vlcs høg` lst`y. Q Xló`rc  Xgatm:  @m. Ls halrt`.
tú b` valbls. Vl slbtcrãs c t`gcr Suazã slc ls`.
ubc hlrvlzc y c nugcr ub haic  F`ht`r
 F`ht`r Ncr
Ncrrl\
rl\::  Xç.
rrakk`, y kuli` tl flhafls c vlbar. Xló`rc Xgatm: °C ustlf kl pc
Q, °rlhulrfcs hucbf` lstcdc lb rlhl qul ásl ls lk pr`dklgc0 Sul
lk m`spatck0 °Suá g`glbt` fanç cubqul y` sá qul gl cgcs, p`r
hak gl mahastl pcscr lb lk m`spa qul c hcfc rct` gl k` fahls (  Ga
Ga
tck0 Vú, tú hcgdacs. _lr` b` sá  buhmab rçl).  _lr` fl t`f`s g`f`s
 buhmab
høg` lxpkahcf`, rlckglbtl. b` scdls høg` flg`strcrk`.
Xló`r Xg\m:  Xç.  Gab
 Gabuhm
uhmab:
ab: Ls ircha`s`.  Lk tlrc
tlrcplu
plutctc palbsc
palbsc qul lstc
Xló`rc Xg\m:  Q fl t`f`s g`  flhkcrc haøb  çls  guy
 flhkcrchaøb guy  ircha`sc, h`
f`s, sá qul ák, tú gl qualrls, y  gal
 galbzc
bzc c rlçr plr` rlplbtabcg
rlplbtabcglb
lb
y` tl qualr`. _lr` quazãs ls ásl  tl h`b
h`bsafl
saflrc
rc qul tu rasc lstã nul
nul
lk pr`dklgc. Suazã b` slpcs hø  rc fl kuic
kuicrr p`rqul
p`rqul bab
babiub
iub`` fl
g` g`strcr
p`frçc slr cg`r.
ls`0 °Vl pcrlhl qul k`s galgdr`s fl kc ncgûac rçl.
Xló`rc Xg\m: Tlckglbtl. Q sab
Xló`r  Xgtçm:  °Fl chulrf` lb lgdcri` pcrc gç lscs s`b kcs h`
qul h`btlstl0 scs qul talblb guhmc agp`rtcb
 Gab
 Gabuhm ab:  Xç, sa, p`r ncv`r.
uhmab: Tl. Tlnulrzc lk kagatl flk sud hac.
H`btástlkl. sastlgc h`byuick.  Gab
 Gabuhm
uhmab:
ab:  _`r supulst`.
Lkkc kl maz` ubc prliubtc. £3 sló`r  Xg\m abtlbtc rlstcdkl Xló`r  Xgatm:  Ls ub pr`dklgc
Xló`r Xg\m:  Gg.Gg. B` hrl
hrl`
` qul  hlr kc pcutc
pcutc trcb
trcbtch
tchha`b
ha`bck
ck prln
prlnl
l abtlrlscbtl. °Høg` flgulstrc su
sl lstá rcz`bcbf` dalb lb ls`. B`  rafc
 rafc,, prlslbtã
prlslbtãbf`
bf`tl
tl c ta gasggasg`` cg`r0 °Høg` ls hcpcz fl flg`s
hrl` qul b` slc ub pr`dklgc.  h`g
 h`g`` lk galgdr`
galgdr` lbnlrg`.
lbnlrg`. Xl fa trcrk`0 H`b h`scs gctlrackls `
_lr` b` hrl` qul slc ga pr`dkl  rail ck tlrcplut
tlrcplutcc abh`rp`
abh`rp`rãbf
rãbf`k`
`k` h`b...
gc. Xá qul guhmcs vlhls gl  ck h`bnkaht`
h`bnkaht` h`byui
h`byuick,
ck, h`g` n`rg
n`rgcc Xló`rc Xg\m:  Dulb`, b` hrl`
prl`hup` chlrhc fl tus h`scs plr  fl cucuglb
glbtcr
tcr kc fastcbh
fastcbhac.
ac. Vcg
Vcg qul k` gulstrls h`b h`scs gctl
s`bckls, y b` hrl` qul tl iustl,  daáb cpkchc
cpkchc c su lsp`
lsp`sc
sc ` pcrt
pcrtar
ar rackls. Q` hrl` qul lk cg`r sl
y b` fldlrçc prl`hupcrgl p`r  fl tu p`sahaøb
p`sahaøb mcdatu
mcdatuck
ck fl fld
flda
a flgulstrc mchalbf` lk ub` p`r lk
lkkcs. _lr`, dulb`, lkkc, ls halrt`. kafcf. `tr`, y sckaábf`sl flk pr`pa` hc
Ml vulkt` c hcsc y scdçc qul  Tl.  Tlnulrzc lk kçgatl. gab` pcrc cyufcrsl lk ub` ck
lkkc lstcdc lbnlrgc y b` nua fa `tr`, pcrc nchakatcrsl kcs h`scs gu
rlhtcglbtl, plr`... tucglbtl. Ls k` qul hrl`. Q qua
Gabuhmab:  D`d, T`slgcry kl zã tú k` vlcs fl ub g`f` fastabt`.
pkcbtlø ubc prliubtc.
prliubtc. B` talbl Xló`r Xg\m:  Dulb`, gl pcrl  Lk sló`
sló`rr Xg\m
Xg\m tl talb
talbtl
tl abhø
abhø
qul h`btlstcrgl c ga, p`rqul lkkc hl qul lstcg`s fljcbf` fl kcf`  g`f` cbt
 g`f` cbtll kc fasgabu
fasgabuhaøb
haøb fl fas
kl maz` ubc prliubtc. Lbt`bhls lk pr`dklgc.  tcbhac
 tcbhac y lk suri
suriaga
agalbt
lbt`` fl pr`dkl
h`btlstl.  gcs abt
abtlrpl
lrplrs`b
rs`bckls
ckls lbt
lbtrl
rl ák y tu
Xló`r Xg\m:  °Suá gl prliub lsp`sc.
tcstl0 Xló`rc Xgtçm:  B`, lstcg`s mc
Xló`rc Xg\m:  @m, cm`rc kc `k dkcbf` fl ls`.
vafá p`rqul palbs` qul mcdçc tcb
tcs `trcs h`scs.  Gab
 Gabuhm
uhmab:
hãbf`b`s ab: Suazãs lstlg
ck pr`dklgc `s chlr
chlr
lb kuicr fl  Tl. ck
talbl Tlnulrzc k`s lb
pr`dklgc kç gatls
kçgatls y gcb
lk bavlk ab-

4<? 4<3

ckljcrb`s. Gl abtlrlsc scdlr høg` tlrplrs`bck. gø c D`d y faj` qul b` p`fçc


ustlfls f`s kc pcscb jubt`s. k`ircr qul D`d k` lbtlbfalsl.
lbtlbfalsl. Fa 
Xló`rc Xgatm:  Dulb`, D`d b`  Lstagukcf
 Lstagukcfcc p`r kc flhkcrchaø
flhkcrchaøb
b j` qul lrc h`g` mcdkcr c ubc
talbl flgcsacf`
rlckafcf, salgprl klqul flhar.
fai`, Lb
"°høg`  cbtl
 cbtlra`r
ra`rcflfaraiarsl
vulkvl su gcraf
gcraf`,
ck`, tlrcplutc,
kc lsp`sc
lsp`sc pcrlf. K` úbah`
qul lstuvalsl qul h`b
lb hcsc qulrçc lrc
ák. Lb
pulfls slr tcb trcbquak`0".  fasgabuylb
 fasgab uylbf`
f` kc nulrzc clk kçgatl
kçgatl t`bhls nabckglbtl tuvl qul v`kvlr
 flk sudsastlgc
sudsastlgc h`byuick.
h`byuick. c hcsc, y rlckglbtl kl plfç ck f`h
Xló`r Xgatm:  B` tlbi` flgc t`r qul p`r ncv`r gl fljcsl ar c
sacf` ... hcsc y crgcr kc trchhaøb y t`f`
Xló`rc Xgatm:  B` mcdkc gu-  Kc lsp`sc
lsp`sc abtlrru
abtlrrugpl
gpl c su gc ls` lb hcsc y lbt`bhls D`d ls
hm`. X`y y` kc qul mchl kc gcy`r  raf` hucbf` ák lgpa
lgpalzc
lzc c mcdkcr,
mcdkcr, tuv` sctasalhm` lbt`bhls.
pcrtl fl kc hmcrkc, y kc gatcf  gcbtlbaá
 gcbt lbaábf`k`
bf`k` lb kc p`sahaøb
p`sahaøb fl (Gabuhmab hcgdac fl p`sahaøb,
fl kcs vlhls ba saqualrc sá sa gl  galgdr`
 galg dr` saklbha
saklbha`s`
`s` ck gasg`
gasg` tal
talg
g  hlpakkc kc glsc y sl ciatc.
 hlpakkc ciatc.))  Kc lsp`s
lsp`sc,
c, mcdaábf
mcdaábf`kl
`kl ck tl
lshuhmc.
lshuh mc. _lr` sa y` fai`: "°@çstl  p` qul sl quljc
quljc fl su saklbha`
saklbha`..  rcplutc s`drl
 rcplutc s`drl su gcraf`,
gcraf`, mc lx
k` qul tl fajl0". "Xç, `ç k` qul fa  prlscf`
 prlsc f` sus quljcs.
quljcs. Fl lsl g`
jas
jastl."
tl." °B` ls csa0  f` sl pr`fu
pr`fuhl
hl ub flspkc
flspkczcgal
zcgalbt`
bt`
 F`ht`r Ncrrl\:   °\stlf faj` ck  mchac
 mchac su lbnl
lbnlrglf
rglfcf,
cf, qul sl h`b
h`b
i` chlrhc fl qul ák kl maz` pcscr valrtl lb lk hlbtr` fl ctlbhaøb.
ub gck rct` lb lk m`spatck0  Lk tlrcp
tlrcplutc
lutc guls
gulstrc
trc agpchalb
agpchalbhac
hac
Xló`rc Xg\m:  Ggg.  cbtl kc lxtlbsaøb
lxtlbsaøb fl su rlkct`.
rlkct`.
Xló`r  Xg\m:  B` kc úktagc
úktagc vlz Xló`r Xgatm:  _albs` qul nul ub
qul lstuvastl. hcs` lb lk qul plbsá qul k` qul
Xló`rc Xg\m:  Dulb`, b` kc úk lkkc faj` p`fçc slr mlhm` lb hcsc.
tagc vlz fldaf` c qul k` mcdçc Lkkc sagpklglbtl lstcdc lb hcgc
g`s chkcrcf`. _lr` tlbi` mlrbac h`b trchha
trchhaøb
øb lb lk m`spat
m`spatck
ck y . . . y
lb ub fash`, y lk gáfah` qulrçc hrl` qul mudalsl fldaf` qulfcr
qul gl qulfcsl falha`hm` fçcs. gl trcbquak`. Nul ubc fl kcs vl
B`. B` gl chulrf` hulbt` talg hls fl kcs qul kls mcdká. _lr` nul
p`. _lrføblgl.
_lrføblgl. Ml `kvafcf` huãb mchl trls ` huctr` có`s.
t` talgp`. Xló`rc Xg\m:  Mchl trls có`s.
Xló`r Xg\m:  Vú mcdçcs lstc
f` ckkç furcbtl f`s slgcbcs cpr` \takazc
 fc-g
 fc-glg`r c su
lg`rac,
ac, lsp`sc
rln`rzcb
rln` f`h`g`
rzcbf` cyu
su h`btr`k
h`btr`k flk Gabuhma b:  \stlfls
tlgc hlbtrck. sl fahalb
Lk lstcdc nulr`b fl Tc.   ^ulkvlk`s
lxpk`rcr c pr`dklgcs
csaibcr kc abtlr
tcrlc
xagcfcglbtl.  s`drll lkkc.
 s`dr f`, ustlf kl prliubtcdc ckiubcs plrs`bckls lb lk abtlra`r fl kc
Xló`rc  Xg\m:  Xa, y` mcdçc ls h`scs c D`d y ustlf trctcdc fl facfc. Lk tlrcplutc, mcdalbf` lx
tcf`. _lr` abhkus` hucbf` lbtrá kc h`btlstcr. Xcdl, y` salgprl palb plraglbtcf` lstc ircb rlsastlbhac
praglrc slgcbc, ák sl trcst`rbø s`, D`d, qul sa ustlf lstã tlbalb ck hcgda` flk sastlgc ncgakacr,
guhm` p`rqul y` mcdçc lbtrcf`. f` ckiubcs fanahuktcfls, salgprl h`galbzc c abtlrvlbar h`b gcy`r
Q kkcgø ck f`ht`r y qulrçc qul y` abtlbt` flshudrar quá hkcsl fl ab absastlbhac, pcrc chlklrcr kc tcrlc.
sckalsl, y gl kkcgø p`r tlkán`b` nalrb` lstã `hurralbf` lbtrl ustlf Lk  tlrcplutc palbsc qul lk sl
absastaábf`gl lb qul sckalsl y y su lsp`sc. Lsl ls lk \p` fl h`-  ó`r Xg\m mchl mchl c ub kcf` t`fcs
rlckglbtl absastaø pcrc qul k` ma scs qul gl iustcrçc qul vaáslg`s kcs hrçtahcs fl su lsp`sc fashuk
halsl p`rqul plbsø qul y` p`fçc cm`rc. °Dalb0  pãbf`sl
 pãbf `sl y slóc
slóckcb
kcbf`
f` su abh`gpl
abh`gpl
lstcr lb hcsc ch`stcfc h`b trch  tlbh
 tlbhac.
ac. Flhafl
Flhafl mchlr
mchlr ubc lxpl
haøb flk gasg` g`f` lb qul p`  ralb
 ralbhac
hac lsta
lstaguk
gukcbf
cbf`` ck sló`
sló`rr Xg\m
fçc lstcr h`b trchhaøb lb lk m`s  c mchlr
mchlr nrlbtl c su lsp`slsp`sc,
c, pr`
patck. Q ga gáfah` abhkus` k` kac-  g`valbf`
 g`val bf` lk h`bn
h`bnkaht`
kaht`..

4<4 4<8

Xló`rc Xgatm:   Ggg. kc dcsurc pcrc udahcrk` lbtrl ák tc lk suriagalbt` flk h`bnkaht`,
 y Gabuhm
Gabuhmab
ab y flsmchl
flsmchl ub haicr
haicrra
ra qul kadlrc ck sló`r Xgatm fl kc
 Gabuh mab:   _`rqul c gç gl pc
kk` lb lk hlst`. Gabuhmab tl fls p`sahaøb cbøgckc. Cm`rc pcrlhl
rlhl qul T`slgcry lstã . . . lstcdc
 pkczc kailrcglb
kailrcglbtltl mchac ctrãs
ctrãs.)
.) ub gcraf` li`çstc fl hcrahcturc.
lxprlscbf`
lxprlsc bf` rlhaáb ckiubcs hrçtahcs,
Xló`r Xgatm:  _albs` qul ls sø
scdl. Q quazãs lkkc qualrl qul us
k` ub mãdat`.
tlf h`btlstl ckiubcs fl lscs h`scs.  Ch.   Cp`yc kcs quljcs fl kc ls Xló`rc Xgatm: _lr` fl t`f`s
p`sc galbtrcs kl mcdkc ck gcraf`
g`f`s b` gl fljcs mchártlk` c ta,
lb n`rgc cgast`sc.
y ba saqualrc gl fljcs kagpacrtl
Xló`rc Xgatm:   Dulb`, yc kl prl  Kc sló` rc Xga tm rlhm czc kc tc lk lshrat`ra`. °_`r quá0
iubtá lscs h`scs cbtls. rlc, mcdkcbf` h`b lk tlrcplutc. Xló`r   Xgatm:  B` sá p`r quá.
Gabuhmab: _rliúbtlslkcs cm`rc.
_albs` qul p`rqul cprlbfç kcs h`
Xló`rc Xgatm:   H`g` y`, gl scs csa sab rcz`bcr lb ‖huãk
‖huãk ls -
chulrf`, tú salgprl talbls qul ar
b` sá sa ls b`rgck ` b`. Q tú tal
y garcr gas r`pcs, h`btr`kcr gas
bls rczøb. Q` gl ml lbnurlhaf`
r`pcs pcrc vlr sa t`f` lstã ckkç,
hucbf` lkkc hcgdaø fl kuicr gas
cdrar gas hcj`bls5 qul y` b` hrl`, pcplklss y gas h`scs. Q sagpklglb
pcplkl
b` ls qul hrlc qul b` fldlrçcs tl plbsá qul pulf` kagpacr lk ls
mchlrk`. Dulb`, b` gl pcrlhl qul
hrat`ra` s`k`, ls` ls t`f`.
fldlrçcs mchlrk`. _lr` fl t`f`s
Xló`rc Xgatm: X ç, plr` b` sl k`  Kc sló`
sló`rc
rc Xg\m
Xg\m tl mc ch`g`
ch`g`
g`f`s b` gl lbnurlzh` p`rqul
k` mcics.
kagpaø flsfl mchl guhm` talgp`.  fcf` ck rlqulraga
rlqulragalbt`
lbt` flk tlrc
Q ls p`r lst` qul gl lbnurlzh`  plutc lk h`bs`kafcr
h`bs`kafcr lk kçgatl flk
 Gabu hma b:   @m sç, T`slgcry, us  Tl.   _r`gulvl lk h`bnkaht`. hucbf` ák garc, hucbf` tú tl gl  sudsastlgc
 sudsastlgc h`byuick.
h`byuick. Lb lk pubtpubt``
tlf sl lbnurlhl, b` gl faic qul tls lb gas h`scs. _`rqul tú b` lb lk qul mcdatuckglbtl lkkc ab
b` sl lbnurlhl. gl fljcs gltlrgl lb tus h`scs.  tr`fuharkc
 tr`fuharkc c `trc plrs`b
plrs`bc,
c, h`galb
Xló`rc Xgatm:   B`, dulb`, fá  zc c abtr`
abtr`fuhar
fuhar ck tlrcplutc
tlrcplutc.. Lb
jlgl lxpkahcrk` gãs lb fltckkl,  t`bhls,
 t`bhls, lb kuicr fl utakazc
utakazcrr ck tl
p`r ncv`r. _`rqul salbt` qul lscs  rcplutc
 rcplu tc pcrc flsvacr lk h`bnkaht`
h`bnkaht`
s`b gas h`scs y y` b` v`y, p`r  h`byui
 h`byuick,
ck, saiu
saiull lbnrlb
lbnrlbtcb
tcbf`
f` c tu
qul ák gl k` mc fahm`. Ba saqual  gcraf`.
 gcra f`.
rc gl fljc kagpacr su lshrat`ra`
p`rqul b` pulf` g`vlr bcfc fl Xló`r Xgatm:  B` gl prl`hupc
su kuicr. _lr` ák salgprl lstã sa mcs lstcf` lb lk hcjøb ` b`.
ylbf` c gas hcj`bls, h`btr`kcbf` (Lvatc kc garcfc fl su lsp`sc.
qul t`f` lstá cmç, h`g` sa y`  Gab
 Gabuhm
uhmab
ab kl i`kplc kailrcgl
kailrcglbtl
btl lk
nulsl c fãrslk` c ckiualb. B` v`y  m`gdr`
 m`g dr` y kl fahl qul talbtalbll qul
c flsmchlrgl fl bcfc. Q sl k`  garcrkc.)
 garcr kc.)
prliubtá guhmcs vlhls, °p`r quá Xló`rc Xgatm:  Xa b` nulsl p`r
talbls qul vaiakcr gas r`pcs y gas lst` b` hrl` qul gl lb`jcrçc. _l
h`scs0 r` dcj` lstcs harhubstcbhacs, ls
(Gabuhmab vc fltrãs flk sló`r p`r ls` qul gl lsnulrz`. Vú fl
Tl. Tlstrabil kc pcutc trcbsch-
Xgatm  y kl mchl   flspkczcr s u  tukc ha`bck prlnlrafc qul gcbtalbl lk
dlrçcs ‖°sa ub` pulfl mchlrk`,
 fl tck g`f` qul sl lbhulb
lbhulbtrl
trl gãs p`r quá b` lk `tr`0
sló`r Xgatm h`g` pchalbtl y caskc
 bltcglb
 bltc glbtl
tl nrlb
nrlbtl
tl c su lsp`
lsp`sc.
sc. Ga ck gcraf` y c kc gujlr. Ck gcb Xló`r Xgatm:  Xa qualrls garcr
 buh
 buhmab
mab tl salb
salbtc
tc hlrhc flk m`gdrl. tlblr lk strl's fl kc pr`xagafcf gas hcj`bls, b` gl prl`hupc.
 Lk tlb`r Xgtçm gulvl lk hlst` fl gcraf`-gujlr, lk tlrcplutc nchaka- Xló`rc Xg\m:  Ls csa h`g` gl

4<6 4<<

salbt`. _lr` fl t`f`s g`f`s tú tl  p`bfcc c kc rãpaf


 p`bf rãpafcc flsva
flsvachaø
chaøb
b fl
hckalbtcs tcbt`, scdls.  tus abfcicha`bl
abfcicha`bls,
s, Abhk
Abhkus`
us` flspuás
flspuás
Xló`r Xg\m:  Q` rlckglbtl b`  fl qul h`glbzø c plbscr
plbscr qul kkl
gl hckalbt`. vcdcb c ckiúb kcf`.
Xló`rc Xg\m: @m, D`d, tú rlck
glbtl cukkcs. Vú k` scdls. Xá m` Xló`r Xgatm: C gç b` gl pc
blst`. rlhl. °C ta sç0
Xló`r Xg\m: Tlckglbtl b` hrl` £3 sló`r  Xg\m abtlbtc gcbtl Xló`rc Xg\m:  C ga sa.
qul gl lbnurlzhc.  blr lk tastlgc
tastlgc cpch
cpchaiuc
aiucbf`
bf` c tu  Gabuhmab:
 Gabuhm ab:  Xliur` qul sç.
sç.
 gujlr.
 gujl r. Lûc b` rlsp`bfl c sus ab Xló`r Xgatm: °Lstcg`s sckalb H`bnr`btcf` h`b ubc ckacbzc fl
 fahcha`b
 fahc ha`bls
ls fl qul mcb ckhcbzcf
ckhcbzcf`` f` p`r tlklvasaøb0  su lsp`sc y flk tlrcplutc,
tlrcplutc, qul ab
lk kagatl fl flschulrf` qul chlp  tlbtc pr`v`hcr
pr`v`hcr ub lbnrlbtc
lbnrlbtcgalb
galbt`
t`
 tcb y fl qul mc ^licfc
^licfc lk g`  flk sastlg
sastlgcc h`b
h`byuic
yuick,
k, lk sló`r
sló`r
 glbt`
 glb t` fl cpcrtcrsl5
cpcrtcrsl5 saiul lbnrlb
lbnrlb Xg\m scktc nulrc flk h`btlxt` y
 tãbf`k`.
 tãbf `k`. Lk gcraf` sl rltarc.
rltarc.  h`galbzc
 h`g albzc c prl`hup
prl`hupcrsl
crsl p`r kcs
 Gabuhm
 Gabuhmab:
ab: °Lk
 °Lkkc
kc ls guy tlgpl  Ch. Xl ubl ck sló`r Xgatm hra  hãg
 hãgcrcs
crcs fl tlklv
tlklvasaøb
asaøb,, huy
huy`` slb
rcglbtck0 tahcbf` c su gujlr. Lk cp`y` ck  taf` kl nul lxpkahcf
lxpkahcf`` cbtls
cbtls fl kc
gcraf` lb ubc h`ckahaøb h`btrc  slsaøb.
 slsaøb. Lkk` h`bst
h`bstatuy
atuyll ubc abfahc
abfahc
su lsp`sc plrgatarã tcgdaáb pr`  haøb fl
fl qul ta kagatl
kagatl fl kc prlsaøb
sliuar lk h`bnkaht`. qul pulfl t`klrcr lk sló`r Xg\m
 mc saf` ckhcbzcf`
ckhcbzcf`..
Xló`r Xg\m:  B`, b`s`tr`s ml
g`s tlbaf`...
 Gabuhm
 Gabuhmab:
ab: B`, lkkc. Lk'c. Tl. B` plrgatl lk ckljcgalbt`.
Xló`r Xg\m: B`, lkkc b` talbl. Lb lk rlst` fl kc slsaøb, lk `djltav` abglfact` flk tlrcplutc,
Xló`rc  Xg\m:  @m, y` v`y c ckhcbzcf` p`r k`s flstlkk`s fl pãbah` flk sló`r Xgatm, h`bsastl
iratcr cm`rc. Irat`.
Xló`r Xg\m:  Cm, furcbtl ub lb ch`g`fcr lb gcy`r glfafc ck sló`r Xgatm cbtls fl pr`
gabut` vcs c iratcr. sliuar sus abvlstaicha`bls. Xl gcbanalstc ub gctlrack h`bnkah-
 Gabuhm
 Gabuhmab:
ab:  \stlf `hu
`huktc
ktc qul tav`. Lk sló`r Xgatm rlvlkc qul lb ckiúb g`glbt` sabtaø qul
lkkcXló`r
ls guy tlgplrcglbtck.
Xg\m:   B`, bubhc plbsá lk cdulk` `hupcdc flgcsacf` kuicr lb su vafc, plr` ák b`
qul lkkc nulsl guy tlgplrcglb k` chkcrø. Lk sló`r Xgatm sl h`bsaflrc c sa gasg` h`g` ub
tck. m`gdrl guy h`kárah`, hcpcz fl hcuscr fcó` sa sl fljc f`gabcr
 Gabuhm
 Gab uhmab:
ab:  @m, y` k` vl` cquç, p`r su tlgplrcglbt`. Kc sló`rc h`abhafl h`b lkk`, fahalbf`
scdl. LBc ls h`g` pagalbtc. H`
g` pagalbtc, lkkc ls guy hcpcz qul su hcrãhtlr kc csustc.
fl... Lk g`flk` fl k`s h`bnkaht`s qul sl gcbanlstcr`b mcstc lk
Xló`r Xg\m: Lkkc b` pulfl lx g`glbt` sl rlpatl. Kc sló`rc Xgatm sl quljc, lk sló`r Xgatm
prlscrsl dalb.
 Gabuhm
 Gab uhmab:
ab:  Xl p`bl guy blr balic, kc sló`rc Xgatm k` abtlrrugpl y ák kc trcbquakazc p`balb
va`sc, °b` ls csa0  Lk tlrcplut
tlrcplutcc mc h`gprlb
h`gprlbfaf`
faf` f` ub chlbt` lb su absunahalbhac. @ kc sló`rc Xgatm sl quljc
qul su ctcqul fldl slr gas fa y lk sló`r Xgatu h`abhafl h`b lkkc lb qul ák mudalsl fldaf`
 rlht
 rlht`,
`, pul'
pul't`
t` qul p`r sa s`t` lk
 sló`rr Xg\m
 sló` Xg\m b` ctchcrã c su ls chtucr fl ub g`f` fanlrlbtl. Lb t`fc `hcsaøb lb kc qul lk
 p`sc.. Lk tlrcplut
 p`sc tlrcplutcc tcg
tcgdaáb
daáb  rls- tlrcplutc hulsta`bc kc agcilb fl sç gasg` h`g` lbnlrg` y
4<= 4<9

 haøb gcraf`-g
gcraf`-gualr
ualr.. _us` t`f` su
tcgdaáb kc fl su lsp`sc, ` hratahc c kc sló`rc Xgatm, lk sló`r  plt` pcrc k`ircr qul tc vasuckazc
vasuckazc
Xgatm rlsp`bfl slóckcbf` fl ckiúb g`f` su pr`pac absuna  sl c kc lsp`tc h`h`g`
g` lbnl
lbnlrgc.
rgc. Lkk`
halbhac. Kcs abtlrvlbha`bls flk tlrcplutc s`b flshckanahcfcs t`k`  pulfc k`ircrtl c trcvás fc
h`bstcbtlglbtl p`r lk sló`r Xgatm, b` csç p`r kc sló`rc Xgatm. ubc lstrlhmc h`ckahaøb lbtrl ák ^
 ck rlbulbtl
rlbulbtl tlb`r Xgatm.
Xgatm. Kcµ pcupcu
Lk saiualbtl nrciglbt` h`rrlsp`bfl cpr`xagcfcglbtl c ubc  tcs trcbschh
trcbschha`b
a`bckls
ckls trlbsaha`
trlbsaha`bc\
bc\ss
m`rc flspuás. Gabuhmab kl mc plfaf` ck sló`r Dr`wb y c Gct  d`tcfcµ
 d`tc fcµ lb lstc lstrc
lstrctliac
tliac ncha
nchaka
ka
tmlw qul cdcbf`blb kc mcdatchaøb y v`khø kc h`bvlrschaøb mc  tcrãb kc utak
utakazcha
azchaøb
øb fc pcupcutcµ
tcµ ck
 tlrb
 tlrbctav`
ctav`µµ lb lstl rçiaf` sastlsastlgc.
gc.
hac kc vafc slxuck fl kc pcrljc, chlrhc fl kc huck cgd`s s`b Xló`r Xg\m: Dulb`, scdac qul
lvcsav`s. çdcg`s c kklicr c lst`. Ml mcdkc
f` h`b lk f`ht`r Ncrrlkk. Mlg`s
lxcgabcf`
lxcgabcf` lstl pubt`. Lkkc ls sag
 Gab uhm ab:   °Mcy cki` lb k` qul   Tl.   Abtlbtc lstagukcr kcs hrçta- pklglbtl ‖y ml mcdkcf` h`b ga
ustlf hrataqul c T`slgcry0 hcs flk sló`r Xgatm qul lquaka gujlr‖, lkkc ls sagpklglbtl k`
drcrçcb lk g`f`
lstcdklhaf` lb qul
kc rlkchaøb sl mc
gcraf`-gu qul y` kkcgcrçc
bcturcklzc ubclkkc
nrçc. @m, plrs`bc fl
b` talbl
jlr. guhmcs ‖b` sá huck ls kc pckcdrc
Xló`r Xgatm:  °Hrataqul c lkkc0 cflhucfc‖ abhkabcha`bls slxuckls,
°_albscs qul mcy cki` qul hrata y mchl ckiub`s có`s gl prl`hu
qul lb ta0 pcdc guhm` p`r lst` _lr` lb
Xló`rc Xgatm:  B` sá, D`d. Vl   Kc sló`rc Xgatm sl mc ch`g`- gcy`r ` glb`r glfafc gl va kkl
prliubtø c ta. B` sá.   fcf` lb gcy`r glfafc ck tlrc vcf` c chlptcrk` cm`rc. Q quazã
 plut c, plr` lk sast lgc , h`b sus p`rqul ml lbvljlhaf` y gas tlb
rçiafcs pcutcs trcbschha`bckls, sl flbhacs slxuckls mcb fasgabuaf`
gcbtalbl. tcgdaáb. _lr` lb ubc áp`hc tuva
Xló`r Xgatm:  Xa lkkc qualrl ar g`s pr`dklgcs slxuckls, y y` kl
c ckiúb kcf`, y` ... s`kçc plfar qul nulsl ck gáfah`
 Gab uhm ab: Kl   lst`y prliubtcb pcrc h`bsuktcr p`r lst`, y lkkc k`
f` sa mcy cki`. Xá qul lkkc hrçta h`bvlrsø h`b bulstr` gáfah` fl
hc ckiubcs h`scs suycs. Kl lst`y hcdlhlrc, ls` nul mchl ckiub`s
prliubtcbf`, °mcy ckiubcs h`scs có`
có`s.s. Q . . . _lr` lb gcy`r
gcy`r ` gl
fl T`slgcry qul b` kl iustlb0 b`r glfafc kkliuá c chlptcrk`.
°Sualrl qul lkkc hcgdal lb cki`0 Sualr` flhar, b` plbsá qul nulsl
Xló`r Xgatm:  B`. hcusck fl fav`rha` ba bcfc p`r lk
 Gab uhm ab:   °Muggg0 lstak`. @trcs h`scs, plbsá qul mc
Xló`r Xgatm:   B`, b` k` hrl`. dkc `trcs h`scs lb lk gubf` cfl
Kc qualr` tck h`g` ls. Q .. . gãs flk slx`kcgdaáb. _`rqul mcy
 Gabuhmab:
 Gabuh mab: Lk f`ht`r Ncrrlkk gl ubc ircb pcrtl fl kc vafc gctra
lbvaø cquç ubc b`tatc. Fahl qul g`back.
kc sló`rc Xgatm bubhc nul slxuck-  Gab
 Gabuhm ab:  _lr` fl t`f`s g`
uhmab:
glbt
glbtll slbsa
slbsadk l. Q y` b` s á . . .  
dkl. Lk tlrcplutc, ck slbtarsl h`bs f`s tuvalr`b rlkcha`bls slxuckls.
tcbtlglbtl flshckanahcf`, flscrr` Xló`r Xgtçm:  Xç. Dulb`, qualr`
kkø cm`rc ubc lstrctliac pcrc ab flhar, ustlfls s`b gáfah`s. Lkkc
tlrvlbar lb kc fast`rsa`bcfc rlkc- bubhc gl bliø lk flrlhm`. Xatcµ

4<= 4<1

pklglbtl, b` sl r`ltl guhm` lb kc hcgc, b` pulf` tlblr fasiust`s.


ls`. Q k`s úktag`s có`s h`glbhá c Xa k`s tlbi`, lbt`bhls ck pcrlhlr
plbscr qul ls c hcusc flk g`f` lb
qul gl ml lstcf` sabtalbf` y t` b` pulf` lstcr h`b lk mug`r cfl
hucf`.
f` ls`. \b` talbl qul lstcr fl  Gab
 Gabuhm
uhmab:
ab:  °Suá `hurrl hucbf
hucbf`
`  Ch.  Tcstrl`.
dulb mug`r pcrc tlblr rlkcha`bls ustlf b` lstã fl mug`r y ák sa0  Tl.  Lxpk`rc lk h`bnkaht`, cm`rc
slxuckls y t`f` ls`. Q, ls ub tl °Suá `hurrl0 h`b kc lsp`sc h`g` cbøgckc.
gc guy fançhak fl mcdkcr. Xló`rc Xg\m:  Dulb`, salgprl
 Gab
 Gabuhm
uhmab:
ab:  °Huãbf` nul kc úk  Ch.  Cp`yc ck sló`r Xgatm. k` flj` chtucr. Xalgprl k` flj` p`
tagc vlz qul ustlfls f`s tuval sllrgl y . . . lbtalb
lbtalbfl.
fl. Cu
Cubqul
bqul y`
r`b rlkcha`bls slxuckls0 b` kkliul.
Xló`r Xg\m:  °Kc úktagc vlz0  Gab
 Gabuhm
uhmab:
ab: Q ák salbtl h`g` qul Tl. Gcbapukc cnlht`, "prlstcb
\m,  hrl` qul nul just` cbtls fl ustlf b` sl prl`hupc p`r ák hucb f`" slbtagalbt`s fl rlhmcz` y
qul nulsl ck m`spatck. _lr` b` sá f` lkk` `hurrl. lb`j` ck sló`r Xgatm.
sa mcy ckiubc rlikc pcrc tlblr rl Lk  tlrcplutc, ubaf` lb h`ckahaøb
kcha`bls slxuckls ` sa sagpklglbtl  h`b lk sló`r
sló`r Xgtç
Xgtçm,
m, sl salb
salbtl
tl g`
sl kcs fldl tlblr hucbf` sl salb klst` p`rqul ástl b` sl pr`tlil c
tl lk agpuks` fl tlblrkcs.  sç gasg
gasg`.`. Xu lb`
lb`j`
j` sl gcb
gcbanal
analstc
stc
 Gab
 Gabuhm ab: Mug. °H`b quá nrl
uhmab:  h`g`
 h`g` ub ctcqu
ctcqull h`b
h`btrc
trc kc sló`rc
sló`rc
hulbhac salbtl lk agpuks`0 Xg\m.
Xló`r Xg\m: Dulb`, mchl ckiu Lk  sló`r Xg\m mc h`glbzcf`
b`s có`s s`kçc slbtar lk agpuks`  c ch`g`fcr
ch`g`fcrslsl ck tlrc
tlrcplut
plutc.
c. Kl nck Xló`rc Xg\m:  B` tlbi` lsc
t`fcs kcs b`hmls. _lr` lk úktag`  tc p`h` pcrc rl cha`b
cha`bcrcr sus sçbt` agprlsaøb.
có` ` f`s có`s quazãs ubc vlz  gcs chtuckls
chtuckls y sus pr`dklg
pr`dklgcs cs ab-  Gguhmg
 Ggu hmg::  Dalb.
hcfc f`s slgcbcs ` cki` csç.  tlrplrs`b
 tlrplrs`bckls
ckls h`b
h`b ssu
u lsp`sc
lsp`sc..  F`ht`r
 F`ht Ncrrlkk:  Lk gl faj` qul
`r Ncrrlkk:
_albs` lb lscs
lscs `trcs h`scs. _albs` s`kçc lbh`klrazcrsl lb`rglglbtl
qul sa b` nulsl p`r ls` plbscrçc p`r lst`, hucbf` ustlfls lrcb gãs
lb lst` quazã gãs c glbuf`.  jø
 jøvl
vlbl
bls.
s. °\
°\stl
stlff b` tlb
tlbac
ac h`bhal
h`bhalb
b
Gabuhmab:
Gabuhmab: °Q quá kl `hurra
`hurraøøc  Tl.  _crc sudrcycr kc b`rgcka hac fl lkk`0
T`rlgcry0 °Suá kl `hurraø c us fcf y kcs p`sadakafcfls flk sló`r Xló`rc Xg\m:  _`rqul ák s`kçc
tlf0 °Xagpklglbtl b` sl prl`hu Xgatm, kc prliubtc ls kailrcglbtl lstcr fl mug`r t`fcs kcs b`hmls,
pc0 flsprlhactavc. h`g` faj`, y y` sagpklglbtl b`
Xló`rc  Xg\m:  Q` sagpklglb p`fçc lstcr fl mug`r p`rqul sç
tl ‖bubhc‖. B` sá. Lk gáfah` lstcdc hcbscfc ` cki` csç, lsl fçc,
gl faj` hucbf` nua c vlrk` ‖h` h`g` fajl, s`y lk tap` fl plrs`bc
g` tlblg`s lsl pr`dklgc‖ y faj` qul blhlsatc qul t`f` sl mcic
qul s`y ubc plrs`bc sugcglbtl h`b sucvafcf. Q b` pulf` tlblr
blrva`sc y qul tlbi` qul rlkc cktlrcha`bls p`rqul hucbf` kcs
 jcrgl
 jcrgl.. B` sá høg`
høg` rlk
rlkcjc
cjcrg
rgl.
l. Q tlbi`, b` pulf`, y ls p`r ls` qul
ásl lrc lk pr`dklgc. Lb rlckafcf, nua c h`bsuktcr ck gáfah`.
lb lsl g`glbt`, sa k` rlhulrfcs, Xló`r Xg\m:  Dulb`, quazãs lb
D`d suiaraø qul t`gcsl ub h`he ubc áp`hc ásl nul ga prabhapck
tcak ` cki` csa fl b`hml pcrc rl pr`dklgc, y scdçc qul lrc b`r
kcjcrgl. K` qul ck pcrlhlr cyu gck tlblr ub pr`dklgc csa.
fcdc. _lr` t`f` tlbac qul mchlrsl  Gab
 Gabuhm
uhmab:
ab:  \stlf ls ubc plrs`  Ch.  Xudrcyc kc p`tlbhac flk sl
h`b sucvafcf. Csa, cbtls fl ar c bc h`b ub abtlbs` agpuks` slxuck. ó`r Xgatm.

4>? 4>3

Xló`r  Xgtçm:  Dulb`, h`abhaf` pcrlhl qul slc ga hcsc. Vlbi`


h`b ustlf cm`rc. Suazcs ls` tuv` galf` fl abvatcr c ilbtl c qul su
cki` qul vlr h`b kcs hcuscs flk dc p`rqul salbt` h`g` sa D`d, ls
lstcf` qul tuvl, sa qualr` lhmcrkl h`g` faj` mchl ub`s gabut`s rl
kc hukpc c ckiualb p`r ls`. _`r nlrlbtl c hucbf` sl lbnurlhl, rlck
qul sá qul lb lsc áp`hc lsplrcdc glbtl sl lbnurlhl. Q salgprl tlb
v`kvlr c hcsc y tlblr rlkcha`bls i` galf` fl plrturdcrk`. Q h`g`
slxuckls h`b ga lsp`sc, scdl, cb b` kl iustcb guhm`s fl gas cga
tls fl qul lkkc nulsl c trcdcjcr. i`s b` k`s abvat`. _`rqul sá qul
Q ls` s`kçc arratcrgl guhm`. sl lbnurlhl. Lbt`bhls ba saqualrc
 Gguhmg:   °C ustlf kl iustc k`s abvat`.
p`sllrkc, kl iustc dlscr0  Gabuhmab:   B` hrhrl`
l` qul kl tlb
Xló`r Xgatm: Xa, sa. ic tcbt` galf`.
Xló`rcc Xgatm: Gl iustcrçc hcp- 
Xló`r Kc sló`rc Xgtçm chlptc   l k r ` Xló`rc   Xgatm:  @m, sç. Hucbf`
tcr ls`.  tuk` fl lbnlrgc. sl lbnurlhl gl lspcbtc.
 Gabuhmab:   Cpcrlbtlglbtl, lxas-  Tl.  Lb lk glfa` fl kc slsaøb, Xló`r Xgttm: °Huãbf`, quaá  Flnlbsc
 Flnlbsc..
tl ubc pcrtl fl D` d, kc pcrtl r`- lk tlrcplutc
tlrcplutc abtlbtø qul lk sló`r bls s`b tus cgai`s qul b` gl
gãbtahc fl D`d , qul salbt
salbtll qul Xgatm lbnrl
lbnrlbtcs
btcsll c su lsp`sc, iustcb0
ustlf b` chlptc ubc pcrtl fl ák. Cm`rc kc lbnrlbtc
lbnrlbtc ák gasg`, ch Xló`rc   Xg\m:  Dulb`, c ta b`
tucbf` h`g` flklicf` flk sló`r tl iustc hucbf` valbl Gcrtmc.
Xgatm. Kc sló`rc Xgatm chlptc ck V ú . . . tú fah
fahls
ls qul llrl
rlss t`klrc
t`klrcbtl
btl
tlrcplutc h`g` v`hlr` fl su ls h`b lkk`s. _lr` b` kls mcdkcs. Bub
p`s`. hc tl iustø Cbb. Bubhc pcrlhls
prl`hupcrtl p`r lkkc.
Xló`r  Xg\m:  Dulb`, salgprl  Flnlbsc.
 Flnlbsc.
gl iustø J`cbbl.
Lb ub g`glbt` p`stlra`r fl kc slsaøb, kc sló`rc Xgatm flshra  _r`slhusa
 _r`slhusaøb
øb flk ctcqul,
ctcqul, sab tl
Xló`rc   Xgatm:  Q hucbf` Dãr
dl bulvcglbtl c su gcraf`. Lbnrlbtcfc p`r kc p`flr`sc h`cka dcrc s`kçc vlbar, plr` abhkus`  blr lb hul
hulbtc
btc kc flnlbsc.
flnlbsc.
haøb fl su gcraf` y lk tlrcplutc, rlsp`bfl h`b ub ctcqul h`btrc hucbf` tus cgai`s, lsplhackglbtl
su gcraf`, lk galgdr` gãs fádak fl kc h`ckahaøb. Xl abahac kc tus h`gpcólr`s fl trcdcj`, hucb
f` valblb tú tl lhmcs ctrãs. Q
pcutc trcbschha`bck ncgakacr. Lk sló`r Xgatm h`bhakac, galb hucbf` valblb c bulstrc hcsc,
trcs kc sló`rc Xgatm k` aib`rc y sl saiul quljcbf`. _lr` lxastl salgprl s`y circfcdkl h`b lkk`s.
ub kailr` saib` fl hcgda`, yc qul hcpturcf` lb kc `phaøb fl Xalgprl trct` y gl prl`hup`.
cpchaiucr c su lsp`sc y tlblr qul ch`g`fcrsl c su ckacf`, lk Xló`r  Xgatm:  Xaiul, saiul ub...  Abtl
 Abtlbtc
btc flnl
flnlbfl
bflrsl.
rsl.
Xló`rc Xgatm:  _lr` fl t`f`s  _r`saiul
 _r`saiul ák ctcqul
ctcqul sab tlblr lb
tlrcplutc, lk sló`r Xgatm pkcbtlc ubc flshckanahchaøb fl su g`f`s tú b` k` mchls p`r gas  hul
 hulbtc
btc kc flnlbsc
flnlbsc,, plr` flspkc
flspkc
flscgpcrcfc p`sahaøb. Kc pcutc sl gcbanalstc flk saiualbtl cgai`s.  zcb
 zcbf`
f` lk n`
n`h`.
h`.
g`f`. Xló`r  Xg\m:  B` s`y ub dulb  Flnlbs
 Flnlbscc fl abh`gp
abh`gpltl
ltlbha
bhac.
c.
h`bvlrscf`r, tú k` scdls.
Xló`rc   Xgatm:  Xç, plr` k` lrls  Tlh`b`haga
 Tlh`b`hagalbt`
lbt` y cp`y`.
cp`y`.
Xló`rc Xgttm: Dulb`, ák b`, Ctcqul, h`b tus cgai`s, D`d.
vlc, ls ls` k` qul gl pcrlhl Xló`r  Xg\m:  Dulb`, b` tlbi`  Fln
 Flnlbsc
lbsc lb tárgab`s
tárgab`s abtlrpl
abtlrplrs`
rs`
lquav`hcf`. Lb bulstrc hcsc bl tcbt` lb h`gúb h`b tus cgai`s  bck
 bckls.
ls.
ir` s`drl dkcbh`. _lr` b` gl h`g` h`b gas h`gpcólr`s fl trc-

4>4 4>8

dcj`. _lr` y` ‖lk f`ht`r fashrlpc Xgatm.


h`bgai`‖ b` hrl` qul slc kc hcu Xló`r Xgatm: Bubhc plbsá qul
 Ch`g`fchaøb
 Ch`g`fchaøb ck tlrcplutc.
tlrcplutc.
sc fl ga pr`dklgc. _ulfl slrk` nulsl hukpc fl lkkc.
lb n`rgc abfarlhtc. °_lr` quá gl  Gcbtlbag
 Gcbtlbagalbt`
 Ch`g` albt`ckflk
 Ch`g`fchaøb
fchaøb sastlg
sastlgc.
utc.c.
tlrcplutc.
tlrcpl Gabuhm ab: _`r supulst`, ls gãs
agpuksc c mchlr kcs h`scs qul nãhak sa palbsc qul ls hukpc suyc.
mci`0 Ls h`g` ub agpuks`. °K` mcrã p`r lkkc, ` b`0
CA  tárgab` fl kc m`rc, Gabu Xló`r  Xgatm:  °Suá0 °Hcgdacr
 hmab rlsugl kc satuchaøb
satuchaøb vcrc kc kc0
 pcrljc,, slóckcbf`
 pcrljc slóckcbf` qul su pr`dkl
pr`dkl  Gabuhm
 Gabuhmab:
ab: Xç.
 gc ls abtlrplrs`b
abtlrplrs`bck,
ck, y kc ubafcf Xló`r Xg\m:  Mcy qul plbscr
 tlrcpáutahc
 tlrcpáutahc sliuarã trcdc
trcdcjcbf`
jcbf` c k` guhm`.
 pcrtar fl lsc prlgas
prlgasc.c.  Gabuhm ab:   B`, b` mcy qul plb
Xló`r Xgatm:  °C ustlf kl pc- scrk` guhm`. Mcy qul... sl bl
rlhl qul ga pr`dklgc ls ásl0 hlsatc c`føb, m`gdrl. °Dalb0
 Gabuhmab :  B` sá, plr` talbf` Xló`r Xgttm: Fl chulrf`.
c hrllr qul su pr`dklgc sl lb
hulbtrc ckkç, lbtrl ustlfls f`s.
\stlf k` udahc t`f` lb ustlf. Lb lstc ncgakac, lxastl ub chulrf` pcrc h`bsaflrcr qul lk
_lr` lstã cqua. Q ustlf b` k` tal sló`r Xgatm ls lk pr`dklgc. Lk ls lk gãs nargl flnlbs`r fl su
bl lb hulbtc. B` talbl lb hulbtc
lk g`f` lb qul sl trctcb gutuc
p`sahaøb lb kc ncgakac. Kc lstruhturc ncgakacr sugcglbtl rçia
glbtl. Nçjlsl, ustlf mc cfgataf` fc mc saf` rln`rzcfc p`r k`s falz có`s fl h`abhaflbhac gáfahc
 ‖cgd`s k` mcb mlhm`‖ qul ls lb cnargcr qul lk sló`r Xgatm pcflhl fl ubc lbnlrglfcf
gãs nãhak sa ustlf fahl "ls hukpc glbtck.
gçc" qul sa talbl lb hulbtc k`
qul kls `hurrl c k`s f`s. _`r quá Kcs lstrctcilgcs fl Gabuhmab cpubtcb ck `djltav` fl kadl
ls gãs nãhak flhar "ls hukpc gçc", rcr ck sló`r Xgatm fl su p`sahaøb h`g` lbnlrg`. _crc k`ircrk`,
lb kuicr fl flhar "T`slgcry, tal
bl cki` qul vlr h`b lk g`f` lb
lb praglr kuicr fasgabuyl kc h`bvahhaøb flk sló`r Xgatm fl
qul dcakcg`s jubt`s. Xagpklglbtl qul ák ls lk lbnlrg`. Kuli` hulsta`bc kc vckaflz fl lstc h`b
b` mcy gúsahc pcrc lst`". Xcdl,
ls k` qul lstã fahalbf`. B` mcy
vahhaøb, tcbt` flk sló`r Xgatm h`g` fl su ncgakac.
gúsahc pcrc lstl dcakl. B`s fl
Xu praglr hulsta`bcgalbt` sl dcsc lb kc gltãn`rc fl kc
tlbfrlg`s cqua. _lr` vlc, f`ht`r mcdatchaøb fl Ckahac. Xa kc mcdatchaøb fl Ckahac hrlhl galbtrcs
Ncrrl\, lst`y sliur` fl qul b` Ckahac plrgcblhl aiuck, Ckahac slbtarã lk hcgda`. _`r k` tcbt`,
p`frçc cyufcr lb cds`kut` c D`d
c glb`s qul T`slgcry hcgdal.
Gabuhmab agatc ck sló`r Xgatm. Kcs h`bfuhtcs flk sló`r Xgatm
Xcdl. Q qul ák b` vc c h`kcd`rcr tlbfalbtls c rlcnargcr qul ls ák lk lbnlrg` s`b agatcfcs p`r
guhm`. _`rqul prlnalrl flhar: lk tlrcplutc. Hucbf` lk sló`r Xgatm nugc, lk tlrcplutc nugc.
"ls hukpc gçc" lb kuicr fl mcdkcr
h`b su lsp`sc.
Hucbf` sl flsp`jc fl su cdrai`, lk tlrcplutc sl schc lk cdrai`.
F`ht`r Ncrrlkk: Garcb. Lk tlrcplutc slóckc qul talblb kc gasgc lfcf. Cgd`s s`b trc
Xló`rc
Xló`rc Xgatm: B` sá h`g` hcg  Kc sló`rc Xgatm chlptc su r`k dcjcf`rls. Lk tlrcplutc tcgdaáb ls abqualt`.
dacr. h`g` lbnlrgc. Lstcs rlspulstcs gagátahcs ckljcb ck sló`r Xgatm fl su p`sa
Gabuhmg: B`, ls ustlf, D`d,  Tl.   Abfahc ubc tcrlc: lk sló`r
qualb blhlsatc hcgdacrkc. Xgatm fldl hcgdacr c e sló`rc
haøb h`g` lbnlrg`. Fldaf` c qul lk tlrcplutc ls ub lxplrt`

4>6 4><

y lk galgdr` gãs p`flr`s` flk sastlgc tlrcpáutah`, slr h`g` Lstl sl salbtl rlcsliurcf` p`r ubc ckacbzc h`b lk tlrcplutc y
ák b` pulfl slr ubc n`rgc fl lbnlrglfcf. Kcs gcba`drcs fl sl salbtl csç lstagcf` p`r ák. _crc gcbtlblr lstc ckacbzc, lk
"aiuckcrsl" tcgdaáb hulsta`bcb kc lxplralbhac fl k`s `tr`s galg sló`r Xgatm fldl chlptcr kc rlckafcf fl kcs blhlsafcfls fl su
dr`s fl kc ncgakac. Xa lk galgdr` lbnlrg` fl kc ncgakac ls h`g` lsp`sc y plrhadarsl h`g` lk qul kc cyufc lb nuicr fl plrhadarsl
lk p`flr`s` tlrcplutc, yc b` sl k` pulfl h`bsaflrcr h`g` lbnlr h`g` lk qul rlhadl cyufc fl lkkc. Lstl hcgda` schufl c kc
g`. Lstl pr`hls` sl abahac ck h`galbz` fl kc slsaøb. Hucbf` lk ncgakac nulrc fl su surh` mcdatuck. H`g` pr`fuht` fl ncht`rls
sló`r Xgatm fahl "y` s`y lk pr`dklgc", lk tlrcplutc rlpkahc "B` abtlrb`s y lxtlrb`s, kc lxplralbhac flk sló`r Xgatm hcgdac. Qc
lstá tcb sliur`". b` sl k` vl h`g` lk lbnlrg`, sab` h`g` lk "ilglk`" flk tlrc
C glfafc qul kc slsaøb cvcbzc, lk tlrcplutc absastl lb sl plutc. Qc b` sl k` vl h`g` lk qul rlhadl cyufc, sab` h`g` lk
óckcr qul lk sló`r Xgatm rlsp`bfl c ch`btlhagalbt`s qul sl qul kc pr`p`rha`bc. Lstc trcbsn`rgchaøb fl kc lstruhturc ncga
pr`fuhlb lb lk abtlra`r fl kc ncgakac. Cubqul lstl pubt` fl kacr plrgatl csç qul sl gcbanalstlb pcutcs trcbschha`bckls `huk
vastc ls tlbczglbtl rlhmczcf`, ck hcd` fl ub halrt` talgp` tcs. Lstcs bulvcs pcutcs, cflgãs fl cut`sustlbtcrsl, slrãb rl
h`galbzc c slr chlptcf`.
flk sló`r Xgatm h`g` ubc Xl h`galbzc
rlspulstc c kcch`bfuhtc
plrhadar fl
kc h`bfuhtc
k`s `tr`s n`rzcfcs lb tlrcpac. c lstc slsaøb, sl rlckazc ubc fashusaøb
H`b p`stlra`rafcf
galgdr`s fl kc ncgakac. Xl hulsta`bc bulvcglbtl kc vckaflz h`b lk f`ht`r Ncrrlkk chlrhc fl kcs lstrctliacs cflhucfcs pcrc
fl kc lxplralbhac fl kc ncgakac. h`btabucr lk trcdcj` h`b kc pcrljc. Hucbf` lk f`ht`r Ncrrlkk
Lb ub g`glbt` p`stlra`r fl kc slsaøb, lk tlrcplutc flsc h`bsaflrc qul b` talbl ubc n`rgchaøb sunahalbtl lb tlrcpac
rr`kkc kc lstrctliac fl h`bvlrtar c kc sló`rc Xgatm lb kc pchalbtl. fl ncgakac pcrc trcdcjcr h`b kc pcrljc, sl farail lk hcs` c ub
Lstc p`sahaøb sl `p`bl lb n`rgc farlhtc c kc lxplralbhac fl kc tlrcplutc fl ncgakacs, Gcracb` Dcrrciãb, f`ht`r lb Glfahabc.
ncgakac fl h`bsaflrcr ck sló`r Xgatm h`g` lbnlrg`, y p`r k` Lstl sl lbtrlvastc h`b kc pcrljc cpr`xagcfcglbtl vlabtl vlhls
tcbt` sl kc rlsastl. Xab lgdcri`, kc sló`rc Xgatm chlptc lk c k` kcri` fl ub plrç`f` fl falz glsls. Lk n`h` sl flspkczc c
tuk` fl lbnlrgc p`rqul agpkahc kc pr`glsc fl sctasnchlr sus kc sló`rc Xgatm y sl lxcgabcb k`s pr`dklgcs slxuckls fl kc
blhlsafcfls, qul mcstc lk g`glbt` mcb lstcf` sud`rfabcfcs pcrljc, rlhurraábf`sl c táhbahcs h`g` kcs flscrr`kkcfcs p`r
c kcs blhlsafcfls flk sló`r Xgatm. Kc h`gpklglbtcrafcf prlvac Gcstlrs y J`mbs`b . Lk tlrcplutc tcgdaáb cyufc c kc ncgakac
3

ls abvlrtafc. Kc sló`rc Xgatm, kc "vahtagazcfc", sl h`bvalrtl c flkagatcr ub lspcha` vatck gãs flnabaf` pcrc lk sló`r Dr`wb,
cm`rc lb kc pchalbtl. Xl kl s`kahatc ck pchalbtl prlvacglbtl slpcrcf` flk fl kc pcrljc. Lk cdulk` h`galbzc c vasatcr h`b
aflbtanahcf` qul cyufl c kc bulvc cbøgckc. gcy`r nrlhulbhac c sus cgai`s, y sl lgplóc lb rltarcrsl t`fcs
Ck gasg` talgp`, sl prlslrvc lk kuicr hlbtrck flk sló`r kcs b`hmls c kc pcrtl fl kc hcsc qul h`bstatuyl su f`gaba`. Xl
Xgatm lb lk sastlgc. Lstc p`sahaøb ls sab fufc agp`rtcbtl, h`bhkuyl kc tlrcpac p`r gutu` chulrf`. \b sliuagalbt` rlcka
tcbt` pcrc ák h`g` pcrc su ncgakac. _lr` ckiub`s csplht`s fl zcf` trls có`s flspuás plrgatl h`gpr`dcr qul lk sló`r Xgatm
su plrs`bckafcf qul mcdçcb tlbfaf` c flscpcrlhlr c k` kcri` sl saiul flslbv`kvalbf` lnahczglbtl lb su trcdcj` y qul kc
fl k`s có`s pulflb cm`rc gcbanlstcrsl, fl tck g`f` qul pulfl ncgakac nubha`bc lb n`rgc crg`ba`sc. Lb lstl hcs`, ubc abtlr
cyufcr lb kuicr fl slr cyufcf`. vlbhaøb `ralbtcfc mchac kc ncgakac plrgataø lvatcr kc m`spatc
Kc lstrctliac
ncht`rls. talbl áxat`,
Lk tlrcplutc cp`yøylbástl ls p`sadkl
n`rgc farlhtc fldaf`
ck sló`rc vcra`s
Xgatm. kazchaøb.

4>> 4>9

] slbtls y lb kcs p`tlbhackls. Lk sló`r y kc sló`rc F`ffs rls


p`bflb c lstl "m`gdrl guy circfcdkl", tck h`g` k` flshradlb
 KC VÁHBAH
VÁH BAHC
C FLK "XA Q" ub có`
plt` y flysuglfa` flspuás,
rlsplt` gutu`.h`b ub abhrlglbt`
C pcrtar fl suYmatcelr
fl lstc p`sahaøb, cut`rrls-
K@X  F@FFX pkcbtlc b` ub hcgda`, sab` ub cut`flscrr`kk`5 b` p`rqul k`s
Q HCTK C. YMAVCELT `tr`s k` blhlsatlb, sab` p`rqul kl mcrã slbtarsl dalb c t`f`s.
_`r ljlgpk`, lk sló`r F`ffs sl flshradl h`g` h`bflshlbfalbtl
y trcbquak`. Ymatcelr fahl: "°Xl csustc su lsp`sc hucbf` ustlf
rlckglbtl csugl ubc chtatuf nulrtl0'. C kc lsp`sc, kl fahl:
"Hucbf` ák csugl ubc chtatuf lbáriahc ls h`bflshlbfalbtl.
\stlf cf`ptc su chtatuf hucbf` ák cf`ptc kc suyc".
Lk pchalbtl aflbtanahcf` ls ub baó` trcbquak`, csustcf`, fl
`bhl có`s, f`gabcf` p`r ubc gcfrl h`btr`kcf`rc. _r`saiualbf`
su lxpk`rchaøb fl kcs p`sadakafcfls fl slbtar lb lk nulr` abtlrb`
Kc ncgakac F`ffs nul lbtrlvastcfc p`r Hcra C. Ymatcelr fl hcfc ub` k`s slbtagalbt`s qul sl ctraduylb c k`s `tr`s galg
h`g` flg`strchaøb lb lbtrlvastcs fl ncgakac flspuás fl ub dr`s fl kc ncgakac, Ymatcelr prliubtc: "°Ckiubc vlz kl icbc
trctcgalbt` qul sl mcdçc lxtlbfaf` furcbtl gcs fl ub gls c lkkc juicbf` c kcs hcrtcs0 °Høg` k` vavl lkkc0 °Xl salbtl
h`b ub lquap` fl tlrcpac ncgakacr abtlircf` p`r ub psahøk`i` g`klstc0". Kuli` prliubtc: "°Ckiubc vlz plbsø lb slr kc gc
y ub lstufacbtl fl kc hcrrlrc fl csastlbtl s`hack plrtlblhalbtl frl fl su pr`pac gcfrl0 °Bubhc0 @m, ¡ls n`rgafcdkl!".
ck plrs`bck fl kc _makcflkpmac Hmakf Iuafcbhl Hkabah. Kc sl Ymatcelr b` hulsta`bc lb n`rgc farlhtc kc pr`xagafcf fl
saøb cquç trcbshraptc tr`palzc h`b k`s pr`dklgcs abmlrlbtls c gcfrl l maj`. Lb kuicr fl lkk`, abtlbtc hcgdacr kc sabcpsas
kcs flg`strcha`bls. Lk lbtrlvastcf`r b` v`kvlrã c tlblr h`b fl kcs trcbschha`bls abtlrplrs`bckls flscrr`kkcbf` lk slbtaf` fl
tcht` ckiub` h`b kc ncgakac ba tcgp`h` h`b lk tlrcplutc. Xl
lbhulbtrc lb rlkchaøb h`b f`s cufat`ra`s fanlrlbtls: kc ncgakac aflbtafcf
pr`xagafcffllbtrl
k`s pcrtahapcbtls.
gcraf` y gujlrLstruhturckglbtl, flscrr`kkc kc
cp`ycbf` sus trcbschha`bls
qul rlqualrl trctcgalbt` y k`s pr`nlsa`bckls qul chuflb h`b y slpcrcbf` csç c kc gcfrl y ck maj`, fltlrgabcbf` qul kc
nabls fl cprlbfazcjl. Xus abtlrvlbha`bls sl farailb c cgd`s gcfrl slc glb`s hlbtrck. C trcvás fl lstc lstrctliac, kc lxpl
h`btlxt`s y `djltav`s. Xab lgdcri`, kc lbtrlvastc fl flg`strc ralbhac fl k`s galgdr`s fl kc ncgakac pulfl hcgdacr.
haøb talbl kc vlbtcjc fl rlvlkcr ckiubcs fl kcs hcrchtlrçstahcs
gãs agp`rtcbtls flk lstak` fl ub lbtrlvastcf`r. Kc lbtrlvastc qul naiurc c h`btabuchaøb gulstrc ubc abtl
Hcra Ymatcelr hulsta`bc c kc ncgakac F`ffs y dushc cp`y` rlscbtl táhbahc fl "hcgdacr kc mcdatchaøb fl Ckahac". Ymatcelr
pcrc hcgdacrkc pkcbtlcbf` kc fasp`badakafcf fl ubc rlckafcf h`galbzc c slbtar qul ls flgcsacf` p`flr`s` lb kc slsaøb. H`
gãs rahc lb lk abtlra`r fl hcfc galgdr`. Cp`yc c kcs rlspuls g` h`bslhulbhac fl lkk`, flshalbfl mchac lk pas`. Hucbf` cpc
tcs fl k`s galgdr`s fl kc ncgakac cbtl kcs harhubstcbhacs qul rlhl h`g` dcj` y plquló`, lk rlst` fl kcs plrs`bcs sl lklvcb
lbhcrcb, g`strcbf` rlsplt` p`r sus abtlbt`s fl mchlrkls nrlb y sl mchlb gãs p`flr`scs. Xu hcgda` fl p`sahaøb y su juli`
tl. Xl ubl c kc ncgakac, cp`yãbf`sl lb sus p`sadakafcfls prl- h`b lk dldá plrgatlb qul sl flscrr`kkl ub hkagc cgast`s`, hã-

4>= 4=1

Ajf`, lb ubc ncgaka


kac qul p`r k` h`gúb csugl cht
ta
at
tu
ufls rç
çi
iafcs c trcvás fl lstcs slsa`bls ml fls
y ls gcbljcfc p`r kc hukpc. hudalrt` qul lsplr` flgcsacf` fl
ga maj` gcy`r. Lsplr` qul csugc
Xl prlslbtcb søk` k`s praglr`s vlabtl gabut`s fl kc lbtrl-
rlsp`bscdakafcfls qul b` gl pc
vast
tc
c. Lb lk h`galbz`, lk psahøk
k`
`i` pr`p`rha`bc abn`rgcha`bls rlhlb flgcsacf` gcfurcs pcrc ub
ck Fr. Ymatcelr. Vcgdaáb lst

ãb prlslbtls k`
k`s baó`s gãs pl- baó` fl `bhl có`s
có`s qul gcrhmc
fl chulrf` c su lfcf. B` gl
quló`s: Hctmy, fl bulvl có`s5 Fcvaf, fl salt
tl
l, y lk dldá. K`s
pcrlhl qul plfarkl h`scs flbtr`
pcrtahapcbtls sl lbhulbtrcb slbtcf`s flk saiualbtl g`f`: fl k` rcz`bcdkl ls lsplrcr flgc
sacf`, h`g` p`r ljlgpk` schcr
kc r`pc suhac fl su mcdatchaøb y
p`blrkc lb lk hcbcst`. Q fl b`
hml‖ fldaf` c qul b` mci` kc
hcgc hcfc gcócbc p`r lk sagpkl
mlhm` qul lstã g`jcfc. Lbt`bhls
fai`: "Jcs`b, tú lrls guy hcpcz.
Mcy guhmcs
fls sãdcbcs
p`blr ubc". Fl kagpacs.
b`hml, _ul
fls
puás fl qul kc ragc sl slhø ub
p`h`, lbtr`. Vlbi` ub fls`f`rcb
tl qul us` lb kc mcdatchaøb p`r
takkl ák ls ub hmah` ircbfl. Xcdl,
abtlbt` lkagabcr kc p`sadakafcf fl
`k`r.
Ymatcelr:  °C ák kl plrturdc lk  Ch.   Xaiul lk h`btlbaf`.
K`s `dslrvcf`rls garcb tr
trcs ub vafra` fl vasaøb ubakctlrck
`k`r ` søk` kl g`klstc c ustlf0  Tl.   \b glbscjl chlrhc fl kc
y glfacbtl ub g`bat`r fl vafl`, fl tck
ck g`f` qul su prlslbhac
ac abfavafuckazchaøb lstã agpkçhat`.
b` h`bsta
at
tuyc ubc abtrusaøb. Xló`rc F`ffs: Dulb`,  gl g` 
klstc c gç p`rqul `dvacglbtl b`
qualr` qul lb hcsc mcyc lsl `k`r.
Xhmwcrtz:  . . . lk pr`dklgc fl Q h`b hmah`s fl lstc lfcf lst`
Jcs`b fl g`jcrsl, nrlbtl ck huck kc  ‖sa b` sl huafc mcstc halrt` pu b
ncgakac sl slbtçc lb halrt`
halrt` g`f` t`‖ b` sá sa ustlf, f`ht`r, h`b`
favafafc. Kc sló`rc F`ffs h`b- hl høg` ls lst`, plr` suhlfl. Ml
saflrcdc qul sl trctcdc rlckglbtl lstcf` lb `trcs hcscs qul rlck
fl ub pr`dklgc. Lk sló`r F`ffs glbtl cplstcdcb c `rabc, y y`
pcrlhçc gãs pchalbtl,
pchalbtl, h`bsaflrc- palbs`: "@m ga Fa`s", gl lb
dc qul lrc cki` qul adc c pcscr. talbfl.
'Ymatcelr:  °\stlfls quasalrcb kal.
ka l. Farail kc prliubtc c t`fc Ymatcelr:  ° C ustlf kl g`klstc  Ch.   Lk tlrcplutc saiul lk h`b
cócfar cki` c lst`0 °C k` qul ák kc ncgakac. søk` lk `k`r c `rabc ` mcy `tr`s tlbaf` y gcbtalbl lk h`btcht` h`b
flhçc0 `k`rls qul tcgdaáb kl g`klstcb0 kc gcfrl qul sl mc flnabaf` h`
X`b`rc F`fft:  Dulb`, ls guy g` kc "h`bgutcf`rc" fl kc ncga
fançhak rlsugar ubc satuchaøb fl kc kac y h`gpr`gltaø ck tlrcplutc.
huck mlg`s mcdkcf` furcbtl sl- Ml. Lb kuicr fl hlbtrcrsl lb
gcbcs h`b lk tlrcplutc. Hrl` qul lk pr`dklgc flk baó`, lk tlrcplu-

49? 493

tc prliubtc quá kl `hurrl c kc kagpa`  y  slh` lb kc gcócbc. Q`


gcfrl, h`bsaflrãbf`kc h`g` ubc h`btr`k` qul ák sl kcvl, dulb`,
Xló`rc F`ffs:  Dulb`, sup`b pchalbtl. b` sl pulfl ar c kc lshulkc h`b
i` qul sa ub` talbl ub `k`r ‖cj`‖ `k`r. _`rqul ml tlbaf` kc lxpl
p`r t`fc kc hcsc, ub` b` qualrl ralbhac h`b `tr`s hmah`s qul sl
qul slc flgcsacf` abtlbs`. gl chlrhcdcb,  y  rlckglbtl cpls
Ymatcelr:  B`, gl rlnalr` c ák. tcdcb, h`g` sa b` kls prl`hupcsl.
Xló`rc F`ffs: @m, b`, k` mchl Q ák, c vlhls, sa pulfl arsl csç
g`s kcvcr. sa b` k` h`btr`k`, c vlhls sl
 Ch. Tcst
Tcstrl`
rl`  (saiualbf` lk h`b `kvafc. Q lbt`bhls sl gl chlrhc,
Ymatcelr:  \stlf mcdkø h`g` sa
y  kl fai`: "B` tl hcgdacstl". @:
mudalsl ckiualb lb lk `tr` hcgp`. tlbaf`) y h`bslrvchaøb fl kc ls
°Lstã søk` Jcs`b lb lk `tr` hcg truhturc (mcdkcbf` h`b kc "h`b
"h`b "B` tl kcvcstl dalb"*. Q csç t`fcs
kcs gcócbcs cbtls fl qul vcyc c
p` ` lb halrt` g`f` lk pcfrl sl gutcf`rc").
`p`bl c su lsnulrz` fl schcr lk kc lshulkc.
 Tl.  Lxpk`rc kc p`sadakafcf fl  Ch.  Cubqul hratahcbf` lk g`
`k`r0 Ymatcelr:  _crlhl h`g` sa ls
ubc h`ckahaøb flk pcfrl l maj` tuvalrc lbnurlhafc ck flhar lst`. f` lb qul kc gcfrl mcdkc fl su
h`btrc kc gcfrl. maj`, k` mchl fl tck g`f` h`g`
Xló`rc F`dds:  B`, b`,
b`, ák . . . k` pcrc b` hratahcrkc h`g` plrs`bc.
mci` lbtlrcglbtl p`r abahactavc Kc cnargchaøb p`frçc h`bstatuar ub
pr`pac. B` hrl` qul Jche, kc ga lk`ia` c su vatckafcf.
tcf fl kcs vlhls, tlbic h`bhalbhac
furcbtl lk fçc fl huãbt` irat`: Xló`rc F`ffs:  ‖Q y` palbpalbs`:
s`:
"¡Xchc lscs sãdcbcs g`jcfcs fl "B` vcs c ar c kc lshulkc csç".
kc hcgc! ¡_`bçcs
¡ _`bçcs lb kc hcbcstc". Ymatcelr:  °Kl pcrlhl0
Q t`f`s k`s fçcs sl vchçc kc hc Xló`rc F`ffs:  Ls p`sadkl qul
bcstc, y t`f`s k`s fçcs kcv`. Sual b` slcg`s k`s glj`r vlstaf`s, ba
r` flhar, b` s`y kc plrs`bc gãs bcfc p`r lk lstak`, plr` slcg`s ck
kagpac flk gubf`. Ga hcsc, f`h glb
glb`s
`s cki` kagpa`s. Lk jcdøb b`
t`r, sa ustlf vc lstc slgcbc, pul hulstc tcbt`. _lr` ls guy fançhak.
fl qul tlbic qul scktcr p`r lb _albs` qul .fldlrçc slr hc
hcpcz
pcz fl
hagc
talbfl,flkcsub h`scs
juiultl,
fl `,
k`sgl lb
hmah`s mchlr
su lst`. Xchcr
mcdatchaøb kc r`pclb
y p`blrkc suhac fl
lk hc
lstãb lb lk pas` y ga h`glf`r bl bcst`.
hlsatc ub dcrraf`. _lr`... Ymatcelr:  \stlf lgplzø c fl. Ch. Tlsp`bfl c ub ilst` flk
Ymatcelr {faraiaábf`sl c Yasl): Tl. G`fanahc ubc udahchaøb lb har cki`, sló`r. pcfrl pcrc lstcdklhlr h`btcht`
°Gl mcrçc ub ncv`r0 °Hcgdacr fl k`s csalbt`s qul mcdçc satucf` c Xló`r F`ffs:  Vcgdaáb talbl h`b ák.
kuicr h`b Jcs`b0  {J {Jcs`b
cs`b y lk tl Jcs`b nulrc fl kc ncgakac. ub pr`dklgc fl fls`rflb. Sul
 rcplutc
 rcpl utc hcgdacb
hcgdacb,, y Jcs`
Jcs`b
b lstã pcrlhl mcdlr glj`rcf` guhm` lb
 cm`
 cm`rc
rc lbtr
lbtrll Fcvaf
Fcvaf y su gcfr
gcfrl.)
l.) k`s úktag`s glsls.  Ml.   Tlhulrfc ck  pcfrl  y   c  k`s
Xló`rc F`ffs:  Lb k` rlnlrlbtl Ymatcelr:  Fçicgl °høg` sl flgãs «pal ák sl lbhulbtrc lb
c k`s mãdat`s ubatcra`s fl k`s hma salbtl h`b su lquap` tlrcpáutah`0 ub  r`
r`kk  fl pr`nlsa`bck. Sualrl fls-
h`s, sup`bi` qul gl prl`hup` ub \scrtl h`b hkcrafcf fl k`s `tr`s
p`h`. Lsplhackglbtl p`rqul ta tlrcplutcs, pcrc sliuar ubc kablc
qul ák sl g`jc. Q kl ncktc p`h` fl  lxpk`rchaøb rlkcha`bcfc lb
pcrc slr ub hmah` ircbfl, y fl gcy`r  glfafc h`b lk hrlhagalbt`
gcócbc fld` kcvcr y t`f` lstã

494 498

y p`sadakafcfls y glb`s h`b kc YmttcJn


YmttcJnhlr:
hlr: Valbls
Va lbls ub csplht`
csplht ` Tl. Tlhmczc lk pkcbtl` fl kc
pct`k`içc. guy lklicbtl. Gl iustcrkc p`flr gcfrl fl sliuar lstcdklhalbf` p`r
Xló`r  F`ffs:   @m, pcrlhlb ls k`ircr qul ga maj` fl `bhl có`s hulbtc pr`pac lk h`btcht` lb rl
tcr mchalbf` ub dulb trcdcj`. sl vastalsl csç. prlslbtchaøb fl t`fc kc ncgakac.
Ymatcelr: °Vrcdcjc dalb h`b Ch. Gcbtalbl lk h`btcht` h`b
lkk`s0 lk pchalbtl aflbtanahcf`, prlslb
Xló`r F`ffs:   Xç, guy høg`f`. tãbf`k` h`g` g`flk`. Vcgdaáb sl
Lk tcgdaáb tlbçc ub rlhmcz` pc aflbtanahc c sa gasg` h`g` lk pc
rc utakazcr pcplk maiaábah`. _`r frl fl ub maj` fl kc gasgc lfcf
quá, b` sá. Xchcdc huckqualr h`sc qul ls fls`dlfalbtl.
qul p`fçc lbh`btrcr lb lk hcbcst`
Xló`r  F`ffs:  Xab lgdcri`,
pcrc slhcrsl. °_`r quá slbtçc lsl
hucbf` vulkvl c hcsc b` talbl lk
rlhmcz`0 B` sá. Lsl lrc `tr` pr`
gasg` csplht`.
dklgc qul s`kçc prl`hupcrb`s.
Xló`rc  F`ffs:  Valbl lsl cs
Ymatcelr:  Suazã kl prl`hupc-   Tl.   Xuialrl ubc rczøb køiahc plht` ck arsl, plr` b` ck v`kvlr.
mc gltlr sus flf`s p`r cmç. °Hø- pcrc kc h`bfuhtc flk baó` lb tu
Ymatcelr:  Irchacs c Fa`s qul Tl. Tlnulrzc lk glbscjl fl
g` ls ls`0 °Vl kklvckklvcss glj`r
glj`r h`b icr fl h`bsaflrcr
h`bsaflrcrkckc h`g` k`hc,
kc ncgakac flsfl qul lgplzcg`s Lk tlrcpl
tlrcplutc
utc utak
utakazc
azc kc flhkcrc- ls csa. qul ubc Lk
b`rgck. halrtc
t`b`ncktc fl `rflb ls
flk tlrcplutc ls
c vlrb`s cquç0   (Jcs`b garc c  su   haøb flk pcfrl h`g` ub pulbt pulbtll abfanlrlbtl, y b` sl farail c bc
 gcfr l.)   pcrc k`ircr ub h`btch
h`btcht`
t` farlht` fal lb pcrtahukcr. Xab lgdcri`,
h`b lk pchalbtl aflbtanahcf`, flk lstc flhkcrchaøb plrtlblhl c ubc
qul søk` sl mc mcdkcf` sab qul slral qul trcbsgatl su sastlgc fl
ák t`gcsl kc pckcdrc. Xu prliubtc vck`rls c kc ncgakac.
sl rlkcha`bc h`b trcbschha`bls ab
tlrplrs`bckls lbtrl lk pchalbtl Xló`rc F`ffs:  Lb kc lshulkc kl
aflbtanahcf` y kc ncgakac5 b` ab lxailb qul usl ubc hcgasc dkcb
vlstaic chlrhc fl kc pct`k`içc. hc y ub hmcklh` t`f`s k`s fçcs,
Xló`rc F`ffs:  Vl mcdkc c ta, pcrc qul csç hcfc gcócbc tlb
Jcs`b. icb ub csplht` kagpa` ck sckar fl
Ymatcelr:  °Vl iustc vlbar cqua   Ch   ‒   Mcdkc h`b lk pchalb-
  Tl
kc hcsc. Lstcs s`b kcs r`pcs fl kc
` ls h`g` ub f`k`r lb lk hulkk`0 tl aflbtanahcf`, ck qul ssll mc fls- lshulkc. Dulb`, k`s pcbtck`bls s`b
(Jcs`b sl lbh`il fl m`gdr`s.)   hrapt` h`g` gck`kalbt
gck`kalbtll y gck vls- bulv`s, plr`...
V`f`s lstãb guy lkliclklicbtls
btls m`y. taf` rlnaraábf`sl
rlnaraábf`sl c su dulb csplh-
°Xalgprl sl vastlb csç0   (Jcs`b  t` y cpcrlbtl gcfurlz. Ymatcelr:  °Tlhaáb lgpalzcs  c Ch. \takazc kc flhkcrchaøb fl kc
 schufl
 schu fl su hcdl
hcdlzc.)
zc.)  _crlhls ub uscr pcbtck`bls kcri`s0 gcfrl h`g` ub pulbtl pcrc ls
j`vlb fl falhasaltl có`s. tcdklhlr h`btcht` h`b `tr` galg
Xló`rc   F`ffs:   °Vú vcs c kc dr` sab rlhmczcrkc c lkkc.
lshulkc, Jcs`b0 °B` tl vastls csç Xló`rc F`ffs:  Vl mcdkc c ta,
t`fcs kcs gcócbcs0 Fcvaf.
 Jcs` b:   Xa. Ymst`nhlr: °Huãbt` talgp`
Xló`rc  F`ffs:  Dulb`, °p`r mchl0
quá fajastl qul b`0 Lstcs s`b kcs Xló`rc F`ffs:  H`btástckl ck
r`pcs fl kc lshulkc yc qul lstc sló`r, Fcvaf.
g`s faspulst`s c fljcrk`s ar ckkç Ymatcelr:  Ls tlrradklglbtl Ch. Cubqul lk h`btlbaf` rlvl
farlhtcglbtl.
farlhtcglbt l. Ls p`r ls` qul flj` pr`bt` pcrc uscr pcbtck`bls kcr kc søk` kc aib`rcbhac flk tlrcplu
qul Hctmy usl su uban`rgl. i`s. _lbsá qul k`s hmah`s uscdcb tc lb k` qul sl rlnalrl c hcgdacr

496 49<

pcbtck`bls fl sp`rt c lstc lfcf. k`s lstak`s fl k`s baó`s, su abtlb \b nulrtl salbf` cgcdkl y trcb gcfrl lb n`rgc farlhtc y tlblr
°Suá lfcf talbls0 °Falz0 haøb fl lstcdklhlr ub faãk`i` h`b quak`0 qul flscnacrkc. Lk tlrcplutc rlcka
lk baó` ls lvaflbtl. zc ubc abtlrprltchaøb fl h`gpkl
Xló`r  F`ffs:  °B` pulfls mc glbtcrafcf lb kc rlkchaøb gcraf`-
dkcr0 Mcdçckl ck f`ht`r. gujlr. \bc vlz gãs, k`s tárgab`s
Xhmwcrtz:  Xcdlb, ls kc pragl Ch. Xhmwcrtz pr`p`rha`bc ub utakazcf`s sudrcycb k` p`satav`:
p`satav`: kc
rc vlz qul Fcvaf y y` b`s lbh`b pulbtl lbtrl lk sastlgc tlrcpáu gcfrl ls nulrtl, lk pcfrl ls cgc
trcg`s. Ls kc praglrc vlz qul tl tah` cbtlra`r y lk tlrcplutc. Ln  5
dkl. @tr` tlrcplutc, qul pusalsl
vl` cqua. Q gl kkcgc kc ctlbhaøb lstak` fl Xhmwcrtz, guy fastabt` gãs lk chlbt` lb kc pct`k`içc, mu
høg` sl pcrlhlb Fcvaf y Jcs`b flk fl Ymatcelr, lbnrlbtc kc pc dalsl p`faf` kkcgcrkc h`btr`kcf`-
lb hucbt` c ls` fl h`btlstcr prl t`k`içc y kc rlsastlbhac. rc y c ák pcsav`.
iubtcs. _albs` qul ubc fl kcs
lxplralbhacs qul mlg`s tlbaf` Xló`r F`ffs:  Xa
Xa,, palbs` qul tl
h`b Jcs`b cqua ls kc fl qul c blg`s plrs`bckafcfls dcstcbtl
vlhls nul fançhak mcdkcr. Q b` sc `pulstcs. Lkkc ls, h`g` ustlf fa
dlg`s guy dalb p`r quá ls csa. hl, dcstcbtl vlmlglbtl.
C vlhls kc sló`rc F`ffs sl abtr` Ymatcelr:  °C ustlf kl circfc
fuhl y rlsp`bfl c kcs prliubtcs. lst`0 °Kl iustc0
Ymatcelr:  C ga gl pcrlhl h`  Tl.  Lxpkahc kc h`bfuhtc flk ba Xló`r F`ffs:  Xç, sup`bi` qul
g` sa mudalsl guhm` nuli` lb kc ó` lb tárgab`s fl su abtlrchhaøb lb halrt` g`f` ls dulb`.
v`z fl gcga fl tck g`f` qul k` h`b kc gcfrl. Kc rlpltafc gltã Ymatcelr:  Vlbi` kc agprlsaøb Ch. Xl cp`yc c cgd`s høbyu
fldl mchlr vchakcr c ák, °lm0 n`rc b` ls blictavc, yc qul b` qul ls csa h`g` b`s hcscg`s. Q` ils y c sus pcutcs trcbschha`bc
ckufl ck h`btr`k ` ck lb`j` gc gl hcsá h`b ubc gujlr vlmlglb kls. Xl flnabl lk kagatl flk sud
tlg`s. Kc agcilb lv`hc ubc fa` tl p`rqul lb halrt` g`f` s`y sastlgc h`byuick, k` qul pr`tlil
sc qul absparcrçc tlg`r, rlsplt` ` h`bflshlbfalbtl y trcbquak`. c cgd`s lsp`s`s. Kc gcfrl b`
cf`rchaøb, ck aiuck qul vchakchaøb. ls caskcfc h`g` lk "h`bgutcf`r"
h`btr`kcf`r, tck h`g` k` nul lb
Xló`rc  F`ffs:  B`, b` k`s ml  Kc gcf
gcfrl
rl sl salb
salbtl
tl hulsta`
hulsta`bc
bc ub h`galbz` fl kc slsaøb, y lk
agpukscf` fl babiúb g`f` p`r  fc y sl ch`g`f
ch`g`fcc ck tlrc
tlrcplu
plutc.
tc. pcfrl b` ls caskcf` h`g` lk qul
qul b` sá quá prliubtcs vc c mc ckaglbtc (sl( sl gcbtuv` lb saklbha`
hlr ustlf.
nulr`b: Gasfaklúbahcs
Jcs`b, pckcdrcs
ck f`ht`r Yma flsfl qul kl fa` fl h`glr ck dl
dá). Lk cuglbt` fl kc pr`xaga
tcelr k` qul tl fajl pcrc lk hcs`
qul tl mahalslb ckiubc prliubtc. fcf chtavc fl k`s høbyuils kadl
rcrã tcgdaáb ck pchalbtl aflbtana
b: °Suá0
 Jcs`b:
 Jcs`
hcf` fl kc ctlbhaøb cdrugcf`rc
Xló`rc  F`ffs:  Hucbf` tl fajl fl kc gcfrl. Lk gagltasg` flk
lb hcsc: huckqualr h`sc qul tl prl tlrcplutc tcgdaáb cp`yc ck gcra
iubtlb. .. °quá tl fajl0 f` y c kc gujlr, g`strcbf` qul
Hctmy:  Suá kc h`btlstl. ák ls h`g` lkk`s.
Xló`rc  F`ffs:  °Suá Hctmy0  Tl.  Lk mlhm` fl mc
mcdkcr
dkcr h`b lk
H`btlstcrkc. Lstc ls kc úbahc abfa pcfrl k` mchl `hupcr ub kuicr
hchaøb qul kls fa. Xa sl mchl  ck
gãs hlbtrck, rlfuhalbf` k`µ ckhcb
iubc prliubtc, b` agp`rtc huãk
hls fl kc gcfrl.
slc, h`btlstlb.
Xló`r F`ffs:  Q lkkc ls h`g` kc
Ymatcelr:  ^cg`s _c. °Tlsulk  Tl.  Lstcdklhl
Lstcdk lhl h`btcht` h`b lk vafc flk irup`.
vls lk pr`dklgc fl qul  Gc  slc pcfrl, lvatcbf` rlsp`bflrkl c kc Ymatcelr:  B` hrl` qul icbl Ch. Gagltasg` qul chlbtúc su

49> 499

guhm` h`b su vlmlglbhac. Q prl ch`g`fchaøb c kc ncgaka


ch`g`fchaøb ncgakac.
c. Lk tl
tl ck sló`r høg` pulfls pcrcrtl
sug` qul k` h`btrcra` tcgdaáb ls rcplutc y lk pcfrl sl h`bvalrtlb guy dalb yc. Xab scktcr.
halrt`. Sul lkkc sl hcsø h`b ustlf lb ilglk`s qul pcscr`b c trcvás Ymatcelr:  Lst` ls n`rgafcdkl.  Ch.  Flslbnctazc kc n`rgckafcf.
h`b kc lsplrcbzc fl cpchaiucr fl ubc lxplralbhac sagakcr. °Sualrls hcgabcr cicrrãbf`tl fl Kc chhaøb rlqualrl tcgdaáb ubc
lb cki` su vlmlglbhac. Tl. Lbvçc ub glbscjl abfarlh ub flf`0
flf`0 ^lb. (X (Xll  cichmc lb lk ch`g`fchaøb fl kc ncgakac ck tl
t` c kc gcfrl suiaralbf` ub hcg  pttu y  tl  lxtalbfl k`µ drcz`s ck rcplutc y c su sastlgc fl vck`rls
da` ("cpchaiucbf`
("cpch aiucbf` cki` fl su  dld
 dldá.)
á.) gcbanalst`, ckaglbtchaøb, rlkcjc
vlmlglbhac''), h`g` sa pr`vabalrc haøb, chlptchaøb fl kc favlrsafcf,
fl lkkc. Fl lsl g`f` sl rlnulrzc y ub lstak` h`bflshlbfalbtl, trcb
lk kagatl flk sudsastlgc h`byuick quak`.
ck csaibcr ck gcraf` kc nubføb fl Tl. Agpkçhatcglbtl cp`yc ck
cyufcr chtavcglbtl c su lsp`sc. pcfrl, qul, h`g` ilglk` flk tl
rcplutc, sl mc h`bvlrtaf` tcg
Xló`r F`ffs:  Lb halrt` g`f` daáb lb "h`bflshlbfalbtl plr`
hrl` qul ls ub lnlht` lquakadrc trcbquak`".
f`r. Lstá dalb. Xló`rc F`ffs (lk dldá vulkvl Cpcrlhl  cm`rc ubc pcutc trcb-

kc Ymatcelr:   Cqul
ncbtcsçc fl glbuf`
glbu f` ml
sa f`s tlbaf`
d`kcs fl  ictlcbf
 ictl
qul cbf`
` mchac
mchcactulkkc
qulrçcs ):  °Flhafastl
lkkc):
gcfrl0 Dulb`,  schh
 schha`b
a`bck
 pulstc
 puls tc ck
c kccktl
cktlrbc
rbctavc
h`b
h`bfuhtavc
fuhtc h`g`
h`g
tc flk ` plu
rls
tlrcplu
tlrc
nuli` h`g` su lsp`sc sl hcscslb, vlb lbt`bhls. °Sualrls p`blrtl fl  tc. Kc gcfr
gcfrll ls gãs h`b h`bflsh
flshlb
lb
t`f` sl abhlbfacrac. Q sa f`s ta rlhm` cquç y flharkl m`kc ck f`h  falbtl,
 falb tl, hcsa slfu
slfuht`r
ht`rc,
c, y cpcrlhl
cpcrlhl
p`s trcbquak`s h`g` ustlf ` h` t`r0 °Ls ub m`gdrl guy dulb`, ub mug`r ilblrck fl `riukk` y sc
g` y` b`s hcsá slrb`s, tlbgbcrac- b`0  tasn
 tasnchha
chhaøb,
øb, h`b lk dldá
dldá lb lk hlb
hlb
g`s dkc, dkc, Gc.  tr`.
Xló`rc  F`fft:  H`b ls` lst`y Hctmy.  ¡M`kc!  (V`gc
(V `gc ck dldá.)
fl chulrf`. C glbuf` k` fai`. Ga Ymatcelr (t`fcvçc lb lk pas`):
Fa`s, °quá `hurrarçc sa sl mudalsl °K`s hmah`s c vlhls sl p`blb
hcscf` h`b ubc hmahc h`g` ák0 vlmlglbtls h`g` kc gcfrl0 °@
|B` pcscrçc bcfc, bck lb ilblrck sl p`rtcb h`g` ustlf0
Xló`r F`fft:  _albs` qul ls Xló`r  F`ffs:  B` sá. Lb ilbl Tl. Xaiul `t`ricbf` lk kuicr
halrt`. Hrl` qul ls p`r ls` qul rck talblb ub mug`r uban`rgl. C hlbtrck ck pcfrl, h`bstruylbf` ub
ftuaEG Just`s* vlhls lstckkcb. g`flk` pcrc sus maj`s.
Ymatcelr  (ck  dldá):  M`kc. Ch. Lk tlrcplutc sl ubl c kc Ymatcelr:  °\stlf tcgdaáb lx Ch. Tcstrl`. Kc lxpk`rchaøb fl
°Sualrls vlbar y vlrgl0 ^lb, vlb. ncgakac lb su csplht` butraha` t` pk`tc c vlhls0 ub csplht` fl kc h`bfuhtc flk pc
(_`bl ck   dldá lb  tu rlict`.)  °Suá gcbf` lb drcz`s ck dldá, qul frl k` n`rtcklhl.
tck0 °Sualrls dcjcrtl0 (Lk  dldá tl mcdçc lstcf` fcbf` vulktcs ckrl
 d`n
 d`nc.)
c.) flf`r fl vcra`s galgdr`s fl kc Xló`r  F`ffs:  C vlhls.
ncgakac pcrc qul k` t`gcslb lb Ymatcelr:  °Høg` sl pr`fuhl0
drcz`s. Xló`r F`ffs:  GuGuyy rcrc vlz.
Valbl qul trctcrsl fl cki` qul sl
Xló`rc F`fft:  Ls ubc
ubc hracturc mc lstcf` fcbf` furcbtl guhm`
guy cgaicdkl. talgp` cbtls fl qul y` rlckglbtl
Ymatcelr:  Gcrcvakk`sc s`brasc. lxpk`tl.
Hmcu. Ymatcelr:  °Gc sl csustc hucb Tl. _rlslbtc kc p`sadakafcf fl

kc (Lk   dldá ictlc lb farlhhaøb fc


óutcb.) f` ustlf
chtatuf rlckglbtl csugl ubc
lbáriahc0 ubc h`bfuhtc
galgdr` fl kcqul "csustl"
ncgakac huyc lb lk
aflb
Xló`rc  F`fft:  Cqua, guástrckl tafcf lb lkkc mc saf` hcrchtlrazc-

49= 491

fc h`g` h`bflshlbfalbtl y trcb k`s pcfrls plklcrsl, fashrlpcr `


quakc. Lk tlrcplutc lxtalbfl k`s gcbljcr ub h`bnkaht`.
kagatls fl cktlrbctavcs
kls p`sadkls, ubc táhbahc abfavafuc
qul usc Xló`rc F`ffs:  Lb kc gcy`r
rã p`stlra`rglbtl. pcrtl, `m, b`, b` b`s lsh`bflg`s.
H`g`, ubc flhasaøb agp`rtcbtl
Xló`r F`ffs:  ¡Bck  ((Cgd`s
Cgd`s pc rlnlrlbtl c cki` qul p`flg`s ` b`
 frlµ rçcb.)
rçcb.) plrgatarb`s, h`bhalrbl c k`s baó`s.
Xló`rc F`ffs:  B` qulrçc
qulrçc rlçr, Kc satuchaøb suril, y lb sliuafc
plr` rlckglbtl Jche b` valbl sl kc rlsulkvl. Sualr` flhar, b`
cf`bfl y` salgprl k` ml tlgaf`. ls qul Jcs`b b` slpc qul Jche y
Lk iratc, y y` k` flj`. Hucbf` y` p`flg`s
p`flg`s fashutar
fashutar cki`. _lr`,
lstckkc, sagpklglbtl k` flj`. h`g` huckqualr flhasaøb agp`r
Ymatcelr:  \stlf cf`ptc su ls  Ch.  \b cp`rtl lfuhctav`. tcbtl, hucbf` kc t`g`, pulf` p`
tak` hucbf` ák cf`ptc lk suy`. Tl. Xudrcyc kc h`gpklglbtcra blrgl guy blrva`sc, fashutag`s
Hucbf` talbl ubc chtatuf vlml fcf fl kc h`bfuhtc gcraf`-gujlr. lst` trcbquakcglbtl p`rqul Jche ls
glbtl, ustlf talbl ubc chtatuf flk tap` trcbquak`. Q` pulf` fl
h`bflshlbfalbtl. har: "Cm`rc vlcg`s. ^lcg`s lstl
csubt`".
Xló`rc F`ffs:  Dalb, sç palbs`
qul lstã t`tckglbtl lquav`hcf`, ` Ymatcelr:  Hucbf` ustlf sl p` Tl. Xudrcyc bulvcglbtl kc
ba saqualrc pulf` rlh`rfcr fl bl blrva`sc, ák lb halrt` g`f` sl h`gpklglbtcrafcf fl k`s lsp`s`s.
quá fashutçcg`s, rlckglbtl, slrçc h`bvalrtl lb su tlrcplutc.
slra`.
slra`. Ls p`sadkl qul
qul ák irat
iratll chlr Xló`rc F`ffs:  Dulb`, gl pc
hc fl cki`, y lbt`bhls y` pulf` rlhl qul ls csç. _`rqul rlckglb
plbscr, `m, dulb`, fájck` sliuar, tl rlsplt` lk mlhm` fl qul palb
y lbt`bhls sagpklglbtl b` kl h`b sc guhm` lb kcs h`scs cbtls fl
tlst`. Q sa sl trctc fl cki` guy t`gcr ubc flhasaøb, pcrc flhar
agp`rtcbtl, cki` qul pulfl plr "sç" ` "b`" c cki` qul y` qulrçc
turdcrgl guhm`, lsplrcg`s mcstc mchlr. _`r ljlgpk`, fashutag`s sa

qul k`s hmah`s sl chulstlb. Fas vlbar


y ` b` cqua
lxcgabcg`s cbtls fl p`r
kc satuchaøb mchlrk`,
cg
hutag`s t`f` cqulkk`, faicg`s
qul lxajc ubc flhasaøb agp`rtcbtl. d`s kcf`s. Vuvag`s lb hulbtc lk
mlhm` fl qul b`s kklvcrkc talgp`.
B` fashutag`s t`f` flkcbtl fl k`s
Mlg`s trctcf` fl mchlr, gl lb
baó`s, plr` b` mcy guhmcs h`scs talbfl, h`g` kcs p`hcs vlhls qul
qul b` fashutcg`s flkcbtl fl tuvag`s qul ncktcr p`r lbnlrgl
lkk`s. _lr` mcy ckiubcs h`scs lb fcf. _lr` hucbf` t`gcg`s kc fl
rlkchaøb h`b kcs huckls tlblg`s hasaøb fl qul vlbfrçcg`s, t`gc
qul t`gcr ubc flhasaøb y b` kcs g`s kc flhasaøb `rbø`s ‖fl qul
fashutag`s flkcbtl fl k`s baó`s. pcpa adc c vlbar sa sl kl plfac
Ymatcelr:  \stlf palbsc chcs`
chcs `  Ch.  Xaiul lk h`btcht` h`b kc qul k` mahalsl. Q ls guhm` pcrc
qul ls pcrc dalb fl lkk`s, sa b` gcfrl, qul sl mc flnabaf` c sa ckiualb qul trcdcjc, h`rrlr c hc
k`s vlb plklcr c ustlfls. gasgc h`g` lk galgdr` hlbtrc
hlbtrck.k. sc y flspuás h`rrlr pcrc cquç. Q
Tl. Abtr`fuhl ub vck`r fanlrlb ák p`frçc lstcr guy dalb slbtcf`
tl ‖kc agp`rtcbhac pcrc lk flsc lb hcsc. _lr` faj`: "B`, quá tcb
rr`kk` fl ub baó` fl qul vlc c t`, v`y c ar mcstc lk nabck"

4=? 4=3

Ymatcelr (mchaábf`kl h`squakkcs Ymatcelr:  °Ckiubc vlz kl ic Tl. Bulvcg


Bulvcglbtl
lbtl `nrlhl c ub
ck dldá):  °Q sa ckiubc vlz kklic bcs0 
(dlct). galgdr` fl kc ncgakac  ubc lxtlb
c flhar rlckglbtl "b`", ustlf sl saøb fl kcs h`bfuhtcs p`sadkls.
plklc h`b ák0 Kc pckcdrc  dlct  ls uscfc h`b
Xló`rc   F`ffs:   B`. Xa flspuás cgd`s saibanahcf`s, icbcr y i`k
ák chkcrc k` qul salbtl b` ls k` plcr. Kc `plrchaøb flk tlrcplutc
h`rrlht`, p`r k` ilblrck chlpt` su h`b Jcs`b, ub baó` cpchadkl, ls
juaha`. Ls` `hurrl guhmcs vlhls. sagakcr c kc lnlhtucfc h`b lk pc
Jche gãs ` glb`s gl fc kadlrtcf. frl.
Xalbtl qul lst`y lb hcsc t`f` lk  Jcs`b (rçl):  C vlhls.
 Jcs`b
fçc, y qul s`y y` kc qul talbl qul Ymatcelr:  °Tlckglbtl0 °H`g` Ch. H`bnargc ck pchalbtl aflb
vavar h`b halrtcs h`scs. Sualr` fl k` chlptc lkkc0 °Xl salbtl mlrafc0 tanahcf` h`g` ub `dslrvcf`r h`g
har, b` sl pulfl slr flgcsacf` pltlbtl fl kc h`bfuhtc fl su
lsplhçnah`, f`ht`r, p`rqul y` tlb Xló`rc F`ffs:  Garc ck f`ht`r. gcfrl.
frçc qul... Ymatcelr:  °Vl k` mchl pcicr
Ymatcelr:   B`, lstã guy dalb.  Tl.   G`fanahc lk røtuk`, abtr` flspuás0
°Xalbtl c vlhls qul ls ubc hcric fuhalbf` ubc aflc qul flscrr`kkc  Jcs` b:  B` (nal).
 Jcs`b:
guy plscfc ls` fl kklvcrk` t`f` rã kuli`, lk "fldlr" fl kc lsp`sc Ymatcelr:  °B`0
s`dr
s`drll sus m`gdr`s0 (su lxhls` fl h`btr`k) h`g` ubc Xló`rc  F`ffs (c Ymatcelr):
hcric. @m, b`.
 Ch.   Gulstrc sagpctçc y rlspl Ymatcelr:   °Xl salbtl `riukk`sc  Tl.  Bulvcglbtl lxtalbfl k`s
t`, utakazcbf` ub bulv` røtuk` dc fl ta hucbf` kl icbcs0 kagatls flk "y` chlptcdkl", abtr`
j` kc n`rgc fl ubc prliubtc ab fuhalbf` p`sadkls plrsplhtavcs fl
tlrlscfc. h`bfuhtc qul lk pchalbtl aflbta
Xló`rc F`ffs (vchuc):  B`, b` nahcf` ba saqualrc agciabø (qul kc
gl pcrlhl qul slc ubc hcric. B` gcfrl pulfl chlptcrk` l abhkus`
gl pcrlhl qul salgprl lstá mc slbtarsl `riukk`sc fl ák sa kl icbc).
halbf` k` glj`r, °gl lbtalbfl0  Jcs` b:   B`.
Ymatcelr:  _`r supulst`, °chcs`  Ch.   Lstl glbscjl "s`g`s gãs Ymatcelr:  Gl chulrf` fl kc
b` b`s pcsc k` gasg` c t`f`s0 Ls Ch. Mcdkc fl su pr`pac lxpl
mugcb`s qul `trc h`sc" (tck h` praglrc vlz qul ga maj` gl pus`
ubc fl kcs h`scs qul talbl qul ralbhac h`g` pcfrl. Cqua lk cg
g` k` lxprlsø M. X. Xukkavcb), sl ub `j` blir`.
vlr h`b slr pcfrl. daiu` saibanahcf` fl kc pckcdrc
crtahukc c trcvás fl guhm`s h`
 dlct  sl flnabl hkcrcglbtl lb lk
glbtcra`s flk tlrcplutc. N`rgc
slbtaf` va`klbt`.
pcrtl fl su glbscjl mugcbastc, Xló`rc  F`ffs:  Mcdk` fl kcs
b`rgckazcf`r. hcrtcs.
Xló`rc F`ffs:  Gl prl`hup` Ymatcelr:  Lstcdc lbnurlhaf` Ch. _rlslbtc ub g`flk` fl h`b
p`r Jcs`b y b` sá p`r quá, p`r h`b ák, plr` lb halrt` g`f` gl fuhtc b`rgck sabtaábf`sl lb`jcf`
qul bubhc tuv` babiúb tap` fl favlrtçc. Gl lbtalbflb. Lk ma plr` `riukk`s`. Mcdaábf`sl flhkc
pr`dklgc. Ls ub dulb hmah`. B`s  j` fl . .. rcf` praglr` h`g` lk ilglk` flk
favlrtag`s guhm` lb hcsc juicb pcfrl y cm`rc h`g` ilglk` fl
f` c fanlrlbtls juli`s ` ‖°c quá kc gcfrl, lk tlrcplutc gcbanalstc
 ju
 juic
icg`
g`s0s0  (C Jcs`b)‖. °Ck g`b` sus pr`pa`s slbtagalbt`s y pkcb
p`ka`0
flr. Q`C kl
ák kl hulstc
icb` ck ub
ruggy,p`h` plr
` c tlc lsc p`sadakafcf pcrc sus "il
glk`s".
ckiúb
ckiúb `t
`tr`
r` juli
juli`,
`, y . . . Xló`rc F`ffs:  Dulb`, ls` ls

4=4 4=8

slbtçc guy gck y gl ch`stá lb fufc fl su maj`. Lk tlrcplutc s`


søk` lb lk kuli` fl hlrtcs. Lk lk favãb y kl plfç c k`s hmah`s qul kahatc lbt`bhls c kc ncgakac qul
t`fcvçc b` gl i`kplc  (mat).  Fai` gl fljcrcb s`k`. Q ub`s gabut`s sl ch`g`fl c su g`f` fl slbtar.
"t`fcvçc" p`rqul c vlhls palbs` flspuás, ga maj` gãs hmah` fl
hucbf`
hucb f` k` h`btr`k`
h`btr`k` p
p`r
`r cki` ák . . . slas có`s vab` y gl fa` ub dls`.
søk` lk mlhm` fl qul s`y su gc Xcdls, ga f`k`r fl hcdlzc flsc
frl kl fltalbl kcs gcb`s. _`rqul pcrlhaø h`g` p`r crtl fl gciac.
sl lb`jc guhm` h`bgai`. Xló`rc F`ffs:  B` gl garls  Ls p`sadkl
p`sadkl qul kc gcfr
gcfrll sl
Ymatcelr:  Lbt`bhls lrls h`g`  Tl.  Lbhucfrc kc h`bfuhtc flk raábf`tl, Jcs`b. Ls sagpkl, cm`rc.  salbtc
 salbtc g`kl
g`klstc
stc p`r slr k` qul ls
tu pcpa. Xøk` lxpk`tcs fl vlz lb maj` lb rlspulstc c kc fl su gc Garc ck f`ht`r. Lk tl lstã mc lb kuicr fl slr h`g` lk tlrcplutc.
hucbf`. °Suá palbscs qul `hurra frl h`g` sagakcr c kc flk pcfrl. dkcbf`.  Ctchcc c su man`.
 Ctch man`.
rçc ‖(sl  fltalbl y kl mchl h`s Lk tlrcplutc kl mcdkc ck maj` y Ymatcelr:  Suazã bubhc plbsø  Ch.  Tlsp`bfl c su abh`g`fa
quakkcs ck dldá)‖, quá palbscs qul lbvçc ub glbscjl ck pcfrl. lb slr kc gcfrl fl su gcfrl. fcf h`b cp`y` y ubc plbltrchaøb
`hurrarçc sa - kl icbcsls ubc fas
fas °Lkk`s palbscb qul ustlf sl cvlr plrspahcz fl sus slbtagalbt`s.
husaøb c tu gcfrl y kl flg`strc iûlbzc hucbf` sl salbtl blrva`sc
sls qul lstã lquav`hcfc0 y trcst`rbcfc0 °Sul ustlf sl salb
 Jcs`b:
 Jcs`b:  B` sá. tl g`klstc ‖g`kls`klstc
tc p`r lstcr
Ymatcelr: °Xup`btl qul kc cic
cic  blrva`sc‖ hucbf` sl p`bl blr
va`sc0
rrcsls0 °Gl lbtalbfls, qul rlck
glbtl kc cicrrcsls0 Xló`rc F`ffs:  B` hrl` qul slc
(Kl   mchl h`squakkcs ck dldá.) csç.
Xló`rc F`ffs:  Fakl k` qul Ymatcelr:  °Xl salbtl ustlf g` Tl. Cyufc c kc gcfrl c prl
palbscs, Jcs`b. klstc, h`g` cvlri`bzcfc p`r slr slbtcrsl h`g` fádak cbtl kc ncga
fádak0 kac, lsplhackglbtl cbtl Jcs`b.
Ymatcelr:  °Hrlls qul kk`rcrç
kk`rcrçc0
c0  Tl.  Bulvcglbtl lxtalbfl kc lx
°Ckiubc vlz kc vastl kk`rcr0 plralbhac fl `tr`s galgdr`s fl kc Xló`rc F`ffs:  Dulb`, gl lb`
ncgakac. Ck h`galbz` fl kc slsaøb,  j` h`
h`bg
bgai
ai`
` gasg
gasgc
c p`r
p`r lxpk`t
lxpk`tcr.
cr.
lk tlrcplutc kl pafaø c kc gcfrl C vlhls p`r, scdl, gl pcrlhl
qul h`bsaflrcsl c su maj` h`g` h`g` sa gl lb`jcsl h`bgai` gãs
ub "j`vlb faib` fl falhasaltl", qul cvlri`bzcrgl. B` gl cvlr
iûlbz` p`r mcdlr iratcf` ` p`r
glj`r
Cm`rc qul lk maj`
kl pafl flk qul
ck maj` tlrcplutc.
vlc c tlblr ubc lg`haøb. Ls sagpkl
kc p`flr`sc gcfrl h`g` fádak. glbtl qul b` sá høg` mchlr nrlb
tl c ubc satuchaøb, lbt`bhls gl
 Jcs`b: C vlhls.
 Jcs`b: lb`j` h`bgai` gasgc. Xa, p`r
Ymatcelr:  Dalb. °Lrcs lbt`bhls  Tl. C trcvás fl kc gltãn`rc fl mcdlr lxpk`tcf` lb lsl g`glbt`,
su gcfrl0 °_lbscstl ckiubc vlz slr "kc gcfrl fl tu gcfrl" flsc y mudalsl fldaf` lsplrcr qul su
lb slr kc gcfrl fl tu gcfrl0 Gl nac ck baó` c vlrsl c sa gasg` h` pcfrl vulkvc c hcsc, ` cki` csa.
lbtalbfls, sa rlckglbtl sl p`bl g` ubc gcfrl. Lk tlrcplutc mc Ymatcelr:  °C ustlf kl pcrlhl
blrva`sc y trcst`rbcfc y salbtl s`kahatcf` c k`s galgdr`s fl kc qul fldlrçc slr gãs...
icbcs fl kk`rcr, °tl chlrhcs y kc ncgakac qul palbslb y salbtcb Xló`rc F`ffs: _lr` bubhc plb
gagcs y kc mchls slbtarsl glj`r0 h`g` k`s flgãs pcrc k`ircr csa sá p`stlricr ub pr`dklgc mcstc
°K` mchls ckiubc vlz0 ubc lxtlbsaøb-fl kcs agãilbls. qul lk pcfrl vulkvc c kc hcsc,
 Jcs` b:  B`.
 Jcs`b: p`rqul ` ub` sl `kvafc flk pr`
Ymatcelr:  °Bubhc w mcs ml  Ch.  Bulvcglbtl chtúc h`g` sa dklgc ` lk baó` `kvafc p`r quá
hm`0 @m, ls n`rgafcdkl. \bc vlz nulsl fl kc ncgakac, cm`rc h`g` sl kl rlicóc. Lb lsl slbtaf`
slbtaf` . . .
v`kvç c ga hcsc flk trcdcj`, y gl ub pcfrl qul lxplraglbtc kc h`b-
4=<
4=6

Ymatcelr:  Mchl dalb. Ch. Cp`yc. Xló`r F`ffs:   B` fai` qul kkll
Xló`rc F`fft:  Lbt`bhls y` gl iustl, plr` b` trctc fl crrlikcrk`
`hup` fl hcsa t`f` k` qul talbl ba bcfc p`r lk lstak`. _lr` c vl
qul vlr h`b kc fashapkabc. hls hucbf` t`f` cbfc dalb sl
Ymatcelr:  °Suá `hurrl hucbf` Tl. Lfuhc. Kc, abtlbhaøb flk chlrhc c su gcfrl y kl fc ub
ustlf sl fashukpc0 °K` mchl0 °Kl tlrcplutc fl chtucr lb n`rgc mu !2ls` ` ub cdrcz` ` cki` csç.
fahl qul ustlf lstã lquav`hcfc0 gcbc `ralbtc ckiubcs fl sus prl Xló`rc F`ffs: @m, sç.
iubtcs. H`bsaflrc agp`rtcbtl kc Ymatcelr: Vuvl rlhaáb ubc aflc Tl. T`gpalbf` k`s kçgatls fl
hcpchafcf fl kc ilbtl fl cp`ycr k`hc. °Kls iustcb kcs aflcs k`hcs0 slpcrchaøb y k`s r`kls abfavafuc
y rlh`b`hlr c k`s flgãs. C gç gl iustcb kcs aflcs k`hcs. kls, lk tlrcplutc suialrl qul lk
X`b gãs favlrtafcs qul   kcs  aflcs pcfrl pulfl cprlbflr fl su maj`.
Xló`rc  F`fft:  @m, sç, k` ml h`gubls. Kc aflc k`hc qul tuvl
mlhm`. °B` ls halrt`, Jcs`b0 (Jc ls qul ák trctcdc fl lbslócrkl
s`b nal.) _lfartl fashukpcs.
fashukpcs. °B` høg` trctcr c su lsp`sc. Ls p`
tl ml fahm`
fahm`0:
0: "Dulb`, k` salbt`, sadkl qul ustlf   slc  flgcsacf`
Jcs`b, y`...". ^lcg`s. B` nul gcibãbag`.
mchl
qul y`guhm`
gl fatalgp`
hulbtc qul y` fajl,
flspuás qul
lstcdc lquav`hcfc.
Jcs`b (nal): °Hucbf` nul ls`0
Xló`rc F`fft:  °Suá gl fahls  Kc slsaøb tl abahaø
abahaø h`b ubc gc
fl hucbf` tl kklvá c kc lshulkc lk  frl hlbtrck,
hlbtrck, h`btr`kc
h`btr`kcf`rc,
f`rc, qul
`tr` fac, y fajl qul kcglbtcdc  talgprl
 talgprl tlba
tlbacc rczøb y qul tl qul
mcdlrtl lgpujcf` tcb nulrtl, sg  jcdc fl ub maj` nrustrcbt
nrustrcbtl.
l. Kc ab
scdlr k` qul pcscdc lb kc lshul  tlrvlbhaø
 tlrvlbhaøbb flk tlrcplutc
tlrcplutc mc k`irc
k`irc
kc0 °B` tl k` fajl0 °Sul b` scdac  f` qul kct pcutct
pcutct trcb
trcbschh
schha`bc
a`bckls
kls
kcs tlbsa`bls qul slbtçcs0  gcfrl-maj
 gcfr l-maj`` faltlb pct` c ububcc pcu
 tc cmlgctavc,
cmlgctavc, lb kc qul ubc gc
 frl g`klstc,
g`klstc, hukpcdkl
hukpcdkl,, kl pafl fat-
 hukpct
 hukpct c tu maj`.
maj`.
Ymatcelr: °Kc plrf`bc c ustlf  Tc.  Bulvcglbtl flspkczc ck
lb sliuafc lbt`bhls0 pchalbtl aflbtanahcf` fl ubc agc
ilb fl ckiualb abh`gpltlbtl c kc
fl ckiualb qul talbl lk p`flr fl
plrf`bcr ` b` c ubc gcfrl huk
pcdkl.
Xló`rc F`fft:  °Gl plrf`bls,
Jcs`b0
 Jct`b  (rçl): Xa.
 Jct`b
Xló`r F`fft:  B` ls guy h`g
pcsavc _`r ljlgpk`, sa lbnurlhl
c su gcfrl mcstc ub pubt` lb
qul lkkc sl flslsplrc ` kk`rc ` ck-
ifcsa.
Ymatcelr:   °Lb halrt` g`f` kl
iustc, lm0

4== 4=9

]A truhturc ncgakacr, c cgpkacr lk n`h` (sa lk pr`dklgc prlslbtcf`


mc saf` ub galgdr` abfavafuck fl kc ncgakac) y, k` gãs agp`r
 KC LBVTL^AXVC
LBVTL ^AXVC ABAHACK,
ABAH ACK, tcbtl, flscrr`kkcr p`r k` glb`s ub h`btrct` tlrcpáutah` pr`
vas`ra`.
 K@X I@T
I@TFL
FLBB Q Lk tlrcplutc ncgakacr tcgdaáb fldl flslgplócr `trcs tcrlcs
 DTC\KA
 DT C\KA@
@ G@G@BV
BVCK^@
CK^@ lb t`fcs kcs slsa`bls, plr` qul csuglb ubc n`rgc lsplhack fu
rcbtl kc slsaøb abahack. Ck h`galbz` fl kc slsaøb lk tlrcplutc
fldl chtucr h`g` cbnatraøb fl kc ncgakac. Vcgdaáb fldl prl`
hupcrsl p`r lstcdklhlr h`btcht` h`b t`f`s k`s galgdr`s fl kc
ncgakac.
Fl lsl g`f`, ubc slsaøb abahack pulfl favafarsl tlbtctavc
glbtl lb trls ltcpcs. Lb kc praglrc ltcpc, lk tlrcplutc saiul
kcs rlikcs hukturckls fl ltaqultc. Lb kc sliubfc ltcpc, abtlrr`
ic c hcfc galgdr` fl kc ncgakac chlrhc fl huãkls s`b lb su
K`s `djltav`s fl ubc lbtrlvastc h`b ubc ncgakac h`bstatuylb `pabaøb k`s pr`dklgcs fl kc ncgakac. Lb kc tlrhlrc ltcpc, lx
ub` fl k`s ncht`rls qul nchakatcb kc flnabahaøb flk g`f` lb qul pk`rc kc lstruhturc ncgakacr cyufcbf` c kc ncgakac c p`blr lb
lk tlrcplutc h`bfuharã kc slsaøb. Kcs lbtrlvastcs h`b k`s Yci  juli` su frcg
frcgcc ncga
ncgakacr.
kacr. _`r sup
supuls
ulst`,
t`, lstcs
lstcs ltcp
ltcpcs
cs lstãb
lstãb su
blr y k`s Tcdab nulr`b lxpk`rcha`bls flk nubha`bcgalbt` nc  jltcs c vcra
vcrachaø
chaøbb y g`f
g`fanah
anahcha
chaøb
øb p`r ub tlrcp
tlrcplutc
lutc fl ncg
ncgaka
akacs
cs
gakacr lnlhtav`. K`s cp`rtls fl k`s lbtrlvastcf`rls sl rlfujlr`b h`b lxplralbhac.
lb ircb glfafc c kc ch`g`fchaøb y c abfcicha`bls h`b `djl
tav` facibøstah`. Lb lk hcs` fl kcs ncgakacs Xgatm y F`ffs
k`s tlrcplutcs nulr`b kkcgcf`s lb h`bsuktc. K`s Xgatm chcdcdcb LK VLTC_L\VC FL NCGAKACX H@G@ CBNAVTAØB
fl h`glbzcr kc tlrcpac ncgakacr y k`s F`ffs mcdçcb lstcf` lb
tlrcpac ncgakacr furcbtl ckiub`s glsls, plr` cgd`s tlrcplutcs Lk h`btcht` abahack h`b ubc ncgakac pulfl slr vast` h`g` ubc
scdçcb qul b` pr`sliuarçcb lk trctcgalbt` fl kcs ncgakacs. Kc rlkchaøb cbnatraøb-abvatcf`. Kc ncgakac sl lbhulbtrc abhøg`fc.
lbtrlvastc h`b kc ncgakac I`rflb ls kc praglrc trcbshraphaøb B` h`b`hlb kcs rlikcs flk juli`, y b` h`b`hlb ck tlrcplutc,
flk h`btcht` abahack fl ubc ncgakac h`b ub tlrcplutc qul palb sckv` p`r lk mlhm` fl qul sup`blb qul sl trctc fl ub lxplrt`
sc pr`sliuar kc tlrcpac fl lsc ncgakac. qul k`s cyufcrã lb sus pr`dklgcs tck h`g` k`s plrhadlb. Xl
\bc slsaøb abahack prlslbtc kcs hcrchtlrçstahcs úbahcs fl ub lbhulbtrcb flbtr` flk ãgdat` flk tlrcplutc. Lsplrcb qul ástl,
lbhulbtr` lbtrl f`s ubafcfls s`hackls fl lxtrcó`s. _`r k` tcbt`, lb tcbt` cbnatraøb, lstcdklhlrã kcs rlikcs c trcvás fl kcs huckls
lb ub praglr g`glbt` csugl kc n`rgc fl ubc rlubaøb s`hack. sl rlkcha`bcrãb h`b ák.
_ulflb pr`fuharsl guhmcs vchakcha`bls, lbscy`s y dúsqulfcs Kc praglrc prl`hupchaøb flk tlrcplutc ls k`ircr qul kc
tlbtctavcs pcrc k`ircr lk h`rrlht` bavlk fl h`btcht`. Kc prab ncgakac sl salbtc høg`fc. Xl prlslbtc y cyufc c kc ncgakac c
hapck prl`hupchaøb flk tlrcplutc ls kc fl flscrr`kkcr kc ubafcf prlslbtcrsl cbtl ák. Xa yc h`b`hl sus b`gdrls c pcrtar fl ubc
tlrcpáutahc. _lr` tcgdaáb fldl h`glbzcr c h`bnaiurcr kc ls- h`bvlrschaøb tlklnøbahc ` kcs b`tcs t`gcfcs p`r ubc slhrltcrac,
4== 4=1

k`s kaic c hcfc galgdr` fl kc ncgakac. Lst` flgulstrc qul sl tlbuls h`b lk gubf` lxtlra`r pulfl abhkuar flsfl ub h`galbz`
lbhulbtrc prlpcrcf` pcrc lk h`btcht` h`b kc ncgakac. Fl slr ck tlrcplutc lb sus h`bnkaht`s y plklcr fl abglfact`. @trcs nc
p`sadkl, fldl mcdlr udahcf` lb kc mcdatchaøb sakkcs sunahalbtls gakacs sl pr`tlilrãb pr`p`rha`bcbf` ubc vlrsaøb `nahack fl su
cbtls fl kc kklicfc fl kc ncgakac. Xa mcy baó`s plquló`s, pulfl ncgakac, cdraábf`sl ck tlrcplutc rlhaáb flspuás fl qul ástl
slr h`bvlbalbtl qul fasp`bic sakkcs plqulócs y ckiub`s ju sl mcyc ubaf` c lkk`s lb ub sastlgc tlrcpáutah`.
iultls sushlptadkls fl ubc utakazchaøb trcbquakc. Kc praglrc prliubtc flk tlrcplutc ls pkcbtlcfc, p`r k` il
Hucbf` kc ncgakac sl salbtc, lk tlrcplutc ncgakacr fldl prls blrck lb tárgab`s ilbárah`s, y b` ls faraiafc hkcrcglbtl c
tcr ctlbhaøb ck g`f` lb qul sl udahcb. C glbuf`, su udahc babiúb galgdr` fl kc ncgakac lb pcrtahukcr. _`r ljlgpk`, pul
haøb pulfl pr`p`rha`bcr ckiub`s fct`s chlrhc fl k`s vçbhuk`s fl flhar: "Dulb`, vlcg`s quá ls k` qul k`s mc trcçf` cquç".
lxastlbtls lb kc ncgakac. Xl trctc fl fct`s gçbag`s, c k`s qul _lr` lk tlrcplutc tcgdaáb pulfl flhafar qul h`bvalbl faraiar
lk tlrcplutc b` fldl ctraduar lxhlsavc agp`rtcbhac. Xab lgdcr lstc prliubtc c ub galgdr` lsplhçnah`. Xa k`s pcfrls sl lb
i`, lb ckiub`s hcs`s pr`p`rha`bc lnlhtavcglbtl ckiub`s abfa hulbtrcb slbtcf`s jubt`s, pulfl faraiarkls kc prliubtc garcbf`
ha`s qul p`stlra`rglbtl pulflb vlranahcrsl. lb su farlhhaøb.
Lk tlrcplutc pulfl utakazcr k`s praglr`s gabut`s pcrc hmcr Lb ckiub`s hcs`s, kc praglrc prliubtc ls fltlrgabcfc p`r
kcr fl nrusklrçcs. Xa sl utakazc ckiúb lquapcgalbt` lsplhack, k`s vck`rls hukturckls fl kc ncgakac ` p`r ub sastlgc fl vck`rls
h`g` ircdcf`rls ` nugcf`rcs, fldl lxpkahcr fl quá sl trctc. h`gpcrtaf`s. _`r ljlgpk`, ub tlrcplutc m`gdrl pulfl fara
_ulfl abtlrr`icr c kc ncgakac sa lstãb pcscbf` ub g`glbt` iarsl lb praglr kuicr ck pcfrl fldaf` c ub sastlgc fl vck`rls
fançhak. Xl trctc fl ubc h`bfuhtc s`hack h`bn`rgl c kcs rlikcs h`gúb. @ pulfl slr h`bvlbalbtl mcdkcr lb praglr kuicr h`b
hukturckls fl cgcdakafcf. lk pcfrl p`r `trcs hcuscs. _`r ljlgpk`, ck trcdcjcr h`b ubc
ncgakac p`drl lk tlrcplutc h`bsaflrc qul kc gcfrl mc rlhadaf`
kc rlsp`bscdakafcf y `dkaichaøb fl kcs tcrlcs lfuhctavcs y flk
LXVCDKLHAGALBV@ FL K@X lstcdklhagalbt` fl h`btcht` h`b abstatuha`bls, p`rqul sl kc
H@BVCHV@X VLTC_Á\VAH@X h`bsaflrc cut`gãtahcglbtl h`g` glj`r h`b`hlf`rc fl k`s pr`
dklgcs fl k`s baó`s y gãs falstrc lb lk lstcdklhagalbt` fl
Vcb pr`bt` h`g` lk tlrcplutc h`bsaflrc qul kc ncgakac sl h`btcht` h`b kcs abstatuha`bls. Xab lgdcri`, sa lk tlrcplutc fa
salbtl gãs høg`fc, prliubtc huãk mc saf` lk pr`ircgc qul rail kc praglrc prliubtc c kc gcfrl ls p`sadkl qul lk pcfrl
trcj` c kc ncgakac c slsaøb. Lstc prliubtc h`bnaiurc kc bcturc sl flskaiul. \bc prliubtc cfaha`bck faraiafc ck pcfrl lbvacrã
klzc fl kc tcrlc qul mc rlubaf` c ub lxplrt` qul cyufc y c lk glbscjl fl qul lk tlrcplutc k` h`bsaflrc h`g` ubc plrs`bc
ubc ncgakac qul k` blhlsatc. Kc rlspulstc fl kc ncgakac h`bs saibanahctavc lb lk slb` fl kc ncgakac, qul fldlrçc pcrtahapcr.
tatuyl lb sç gasgc ubc abfahchaøb flk g`f` lb qul kc ncga Cub sa lk pcfrl `ralbtc lbt`bhls kc prliubtc mchac su gujlr,
kac bli`hac kçgatls flk gubf` lxtlra`r y chlrhc fl huãk ls kc yc sl mc k`ircf` lstcdklhlr lk h`btcht` h`b ák. Xu rlpkcbtl`
agcilb qul prltlbfl pr`ylhtcr h`g` pr`pac. fl kc prliubtc ls lb sa gasg` ubc n`rgc fl pcrtahapchaøb.
Kuli`, lk tlrcplutc h`galbzc c lxtlbflr su h`btcht`. Lb
Lb lstl h`b
lbhulbtrc pubt`, kc ncgakacqul
ub tlrcplutc ls ls
ub ub
glfa` crtanahack,
lxtrcó`. _`r k`qul sl
tcbt`, ubc ncgakac abtchtc, h`galbzc p`r ctrclr ck `tr` lsp`s`. Xa kc
sl h`gp`rtcrãb fl ub g`f` "`nahacr.  \bc ncgakac h`b kagatls gcfrl mc prlslbtcf` lk pr`dklgc, lk tlrcplutc prliubtc lbt`b-

41? 413

lls ck pcfrl høg` vl kc satuchaøb. Xa lk pcfrl mc mcdkcf`, lk p`r lk rlhabt` ` h`bsuktcb praglr` c kc gcfrl0 Xa ub pcfrl
h`galbzc c mcdkcr, °kc gcfrl abtlrrugpl pcrc hckanahcr ` bl
tlrcplutc sl farail
_rlstc ubc c kclsplhack
ctlbhaøb gcfrl. c kcs slgljcbzcs y fanlrlbhacs icr k`, qul sl mc fahm`0 Hucbf` ub galgdr` fl kc ncgakac
mcdkc, °prlstcb ctlbhaøb k`s `tr`s c k` qul fahl0 °Huãkls s`b
fl kc n`rgc lb qul hcfc pcfrl prlslbtc k`s pr`dklgcs. _`r
kcs slóckls c trcvás fl kcs huckls k`s galgdr`s fl kc ncgakac sl
ljlgpk`, kc gcfrl pulfl sudrcycr kc fls`dlfalbhac fl ub maj`,
pr`p`rha`bcb gutucglbtl abfahcha`bls rlnlrlbtls c quá h`
plr` lk pcfrl pulfl hcrchtlrazcr kc satuchaøb fahalbf` qul lk
gubahchaøb ls chlptcdkl lb lk h`btlxt` fl kc slsaøb0 Lk tlrc
baó` ls guy fls`dlfalbtl h`b su lsp`sc. Kc bcturcklzc fl kc
plutc fl ncgakac fldlrã scdlr p`r úktag` fl quá g`f` rlckazc
hcrchtlrazchaøb, ` abhkus` ubc abnklxaøb fl su v`z, pulfl abfu
trcbschha`bls kc ncgakac y høg` rlsp`bfl c satucha`bls fl strlss
har ck tlrcplutc c lxpk`rcr lsl ãrlc. Hucbf` abfciul, ls p`sadkl
lb lk abtlra`r fl kc ncgakac. Kc `dslrvchaøb fl lstl úktag` lb
qul lk pcfrl faic qul lk baó`, k` `dlflhl, plr` qul kc gcfrl
ub bavlk b` vlrdck h`bstatuyl ub praglr pcs` mchac su h`g
ls flgcsacf` abfukilbtl. Fl lsl g`f`, y guy pr`bt`, lk tlrc
prlbsaøb.
plutc sl lbhulbtrc lb lk glfa` fl ub h`bnkaht` abtlrh`byuick.
Lk pr`dklgc lxpkçhatcglbtl flnabaf` p`r k`s pcfrls habh` ga Flspuás fl qul lk tlrcplutc fl ncgakac nchakatø kc prlslbtc
but`s cbtls nul lk fl kc fls`dlfalbhac flk baó`. Lsc satuchaøb haøb flk pr`dklgc p`r pcrtl fl k`s pcfrls, abtlrr`icrã c ub
sl lxtlbfaø yc c ub ãrlc fl flschulrf` lbtrl k`s pcfrls. tlrhlr galgdr` pcrc h`b`hlr su `pabaøb. _`r k` ilblrck, b`
h`bvalbl qul lstc plrs`bc slc lk pchalbtl aflbtanahcf`, yc qul
Kc saiualbtl abtlrvlbhaøb flk tlrcplutc flplbfl fl su lvc sa k`s pcfrls sl mcb hlbtrcf` lb ub baó` hcrchtlrazãbf`k` h`g`
kuchaøb fl kc ncgakac. _ulfl plrgatar ` abhkus` ncv`rlhlr qul lk pr`dklgc, ástl sl lbhulbtrc lb ubc p`sahaøb flnlbsavc. Xa
lk h`bnkaht` pcrlbtck sl flscrr`kkl h`g` ubc lstrctliac pcrc lk tlrcplutc lstcdklhl h`btcht` h`b ástl, pulfl slbtar lbt`bhls
flspkczcr lk røtuk` flk "pr`dklgc" nulrc flk baó` y lxpk`rcr qul lk tlrcplutc sl ubl c kc h`ckahaøb qul k` chusc y qul kc
ub sudsastlgc gcraf`-gujlr p`sadklglbtl fasnubha`bck. Xab lg chlptc. Lk h`btcht` prlva` h`b `tr` galgdr` fl kc ncgakac
dcri`, fldl tlblr kc prlhcuhaøb fl b` cdrar ãrlcs fl strlss pulfl plrgatar qul sl gcbanalstl `tr` pubt` fl vastc chlrhc
cbtls fl qul lk sastlgc tlrcpáutah` sl mcyc flscrr`kkcf` mcstc flk pr`dklgc, cdralbf` csç ubc bulvc ãrlc fl k`s pr`dklgcs
ub pubt` lb lk qul pulfc cp`ycr c k`s galgdr`s fl kc ncgakac fl kc ncgakac.
strlsscf`s. Xa lsl h`bnkaht` abtlrh`byuick sl gcbanalstc flgcsac
f` pr`bt`, lb kc praglrc slsaøb, ls p`sadkl qul lk tlrcplutc Lk tlrcplutc fldl p`blrsl lb h`btcht` lb ckiúb g`glbt`
sl vlc `dkaicf` sagpklglbtl c rliastrcrk` h`g` ub ãrlc pcrc h`b hcfc ub` fl k`s galgdr`s fl kc ncgakac prlslbtls, abhkus`
ubc lxpk`rchaøb nuturc y k` ctlbúl hlbtrãbf`sl lb `tr` galg k`s baó`s gãs plquló`s. Ls p`sadkl qul b` h`bvlbic abtlrr`icr
dr` fl kc ncgakac. c ub galgdr` guy plquló` chlrhc fl su `pabaøb s`drl lk
Lk tlrcplutc prlstc ctlbhaøb ck h`btlbaf` fl kc prlslbtchaøb pr`dklgc, plr` lk tlrcplutc pulfl abtlrhcgdacr ckiubcs pckc
flk pr`dklgc p`r pcrtl fl kc ncgakac, plr` tcgdaáb `dslrvc drcs ` ilst`s cnlhtav`s h`b ák, pcrc mchlrkl slbtar qul n`rgc
lk g`f` lb qul sl h`gp`rtc kc ncgakac. Lb ub bavlk b` vlrdck, pcrtl fl kc slsaøb.
ls pr`dcdkl qul sl lbhulbtrlb guhm` glb`s h`bstrlóaf`s, y B` ls agprlshabfadkl qul hcfc galgdr` fl kc ncgakac slc
qul su h`bfuhtc slc gãs sagakcr c sus pcutcs mcdatuckls. Lk h`btchtcf` lb n`rgc suhlsavc, y qul lk tlrcplutc b` pr`saic
tlrcplutc t`gc b`tc fl t`fc h`gubahchaøb b` vlrdck lbtrl sus abfcicha`bls mcstc qul t`f`s k`s galgdr`s mcycb saf` h`b
k`s baó`s y k`s pcfrls. Xa k`s baó`s s`b ciatcf`s, °sl flspkczcb tchtcf`s. _lr` lb kc praglrc slsaøb ls agp`rtcbtl qul hcfc

414 418

lkk`, kcs abtlrvlbha`bls strlsscbtls pulflb slr chlptcfcs h`g`


galgdr` salbtc qul mc pcrtahapcf` h`b lk tlrcplutc lb kc lx
pr`vlbalbtls fl ub galgdr` flk sastlgc tlrcpáutah`.
pk`rchaøb fl k`s pr`dklgcs.
Mcstc lk g`glbt`, lk tlrcplutc fl ncgakac mc rlsp`bfaf` c
kcs lxplhtctavcs fl kc ncgakac fl qul lk lxplrt` ck qul mcb
chufaf` pcrc rlhadar cyufc, abfahcrã fl quá g`f` fldlb fls
L]_K@TCHAØB FL KC LXVT\HV\TC NCGAKACT hradarkl lk pr`dklgc. Cm`rc fldl g`fanahcrsl lstc satuchaøb.
Fldl "flv`kvlr kc plk`tc" c kc ncgakac y `dslrvcr høg` gcbljc
Mcstc lstl pubt`, k`s galgdr`s fl kc ncgakac sl mcdrãb fara ástc ubc satuchaøb lb sus pr`pa`s tárgab`s. Xa b` k` mchl, slrã
iaf` lxtlbscglbtl ck tlrcplutc fl ncgakacs, lk lxplrt`. Lstl abhcpcz fl `dslrvcr lk hcgp` gãs cgpka` flk g`flk` ncgakacr.
mcdrã lstagukcf` sus h`glbtcra`s, trctcbf` fl plshcr k` qul _`r k` tcbt`, h`galbzc c `ricbazcr c kc ncgakac lb sudsastlgcs
`hurrl. _rlstc ctlbhaøb c k` qul fahlb, plr` su prabhapck prl` y c abfcicr h`b gcy`r kadlrtcf, iuacf` p`r su lvckuchaøb
hupchaøb ls kc fl abtlbtcr h`gprlbflr lk g`f` lb qul nubha`bc fl kc ncgakac. Xa mc `dslrvcf` ãrlcs fl fashrlpcbhacs lbtrl gc
kc ncgakac. H`galbzc p`r n`rgcrsl ubc aflc fl kc lstruhturc
ncgakacr, `dslrvcbf` lk `rflb lb qul sus galgdr`s mcdkcb. raf` y gujlr,
k`s lsp`s`s pulfl
pcrc h`glbzcr
qul mcdklb sussç.abfcicha`bls
lbtrl `ralbtcbf`
@, lb hcs` fl qul lxastcc
@dslrvc lk g`f` lb qul ást`s sl rlkcha`bcb lbtrl sç. °Chtúc ub pr`dklgc lbtrl kc gcfrl y ub maj`, pulfl chtavcr lstc facfc.
kc gcfrl h`g` "h`bgutcf`r"0, °pcsc t`fc h`gubahchaøb c trc
vás fl lkkc0 °Lk pcfrl kc abtlrrugpl, mcdkcbf` gãs nulrtl qul Hucbf` k`s galgdr`s flk sudsastlgc slklhha`bcf` mcdkcb
lkkc0 °Xl flscrr`kkc ubc abtlrchhaøb lb facfc0 °Xl pr`fuhl ubc lbtrl sç y rlckazcb trcbschha`bls, lk tlrcplutc pulfl utakazcr
lshckcfc fl ástc0 °Xl lsnugcb kcs abtlrchha`bls lb facfc c trc ubc klbtl cgpkac5 b` lstã `dkaicf` c abtlrvlbar. Kc ncgakac
vás fl kc abhkusaøb fl `tr` galgdr`0 `plrc h`b ubc abtlbsafcf fl cnlht` abhrlglbtcfc fldaf` c qul
kc satuchaøb ls mcdatuck lb lk m`icr. Xa kc gcfrl y lk pcfrl
Ck gasg` talgp` lk tlrcplutc pkcblc sus saiualbtls pcs`s. fashutlb sus fashrlpcbhacs rlnlrlbtls c k`s maj`s, lk tlrcplutc
_albsc lb kcs lstrctliacs gãs cflhucfcs pcrc k`ircr qul kc fl ncgakacs fldl `dslrvcr kc facfc pcrlbtck y kc rlspulstc fl
ncgakac sl fá c h`b`hlr. Mcstc lk g`glbt`, kc ncgakac mc prl k`s `tr`s galgdr`s fl kc ncgakac c ubc trcbschhaøb fl kc fac
slbtcf` ubc h`gubahchaøb "rlhatcfc" c ubc plrs`bc qul mc fc pcrlbtck.
chlptcf` su h`gubahchaøb sab hulsta`bcgalbt`s. Ls pr`dcdkl
qul lk tlrcplutc mcyc saf` lk galgdr` gãs chtav` fl kc slsaøb5 Lb lstl pubt`, lk tlrcplutc fl ncgakacs `plrc lb n`rgc guy
mc saf` ck glb`s lk kçflr abstruglbtck fl lkkc lb lk slbtaf` fl sagakcr c kc fl ub farlht`r fl tlctr`. Ck `ralbtcr c fltlrga
tlblr ubc h`gubahchaøb farlhtc, pafalbf` praglr` c ub galg bcf`s galgdr`s pcrc qul mcdklb lbtrl sç, p`bl c pruldc sus
dr` y kuli` c `tr` qul mcdkl. prlslbtagalbt`s chlrhc flk g`f` lb qul kc ncgakac nubha`bc.
Abfcic ãrlcs fl fashrlpcbhac y `dslrvc fl quá g`f` sl gc
Mc lstcf`, fltlrgabcbf` kc-h`bnaiurchaøb fl fltlrgabcf`s bljc kc fashrlpcbhac y høg` rlsulkvl kc ncgakac ub pr`dklgc.
csplht`s fl kc lstruhturc ncgakacr y mc saf` ilblr`s` lb lk lg Vcgdaáb rlh`pakc abn`rgchaøb pcrc su lstrctliac p`stlra`r, qul
pkl` fl gcba`drcs fl ubaøb. Cm`rc salbtl qul sus abtlrvlbha` pulfl h`bsastar lb abhkuar c `tr` galgdr` lb kc bli`hachaøb
bls yc b` s`b czcr`scs. Valbl prlslbtagalbt`s qul qualrl p`blr lb hurs` ` lb lxpk`rcr ubc facfc fanlrlbtl.
c pruldc. Xu p`sahaøb lb lk slb` fl kc ncgakac sl mc n`rtcklhaf`
irchacs c sus huafcf`scs trcbschha`bls h`b sus galgdr`s fl Lb lstc lxpk`rchaøb abahack, lk tlrcplutc sl iuçc p`r su aflc
h`bn`rgafcf h`b su lstruhturc ncgakacr. H`g` h`bslhulbhac fl chlrhc fl huãk ls lk g`f` lnahcz fl nubha`bcgalbt` fl ubc

416
41<

Kc lxpk`rchaøb fl kcs facfcs pulfl slr útak. Xa lxastl ub


ncgakac. Lxcgabc kcs huckafcfls fl fanlrlbhachaøb, trczcf` fl pr`dklgc lbtrl cgd`s høbyuils, sl pulflb lxpk`rcr k`s pr`
kagatls y nklxadakafcf.
naiurcha`bls _lr` ck gasg` talgp` lxpk`rc kcs h`b
fasnubha`bckls. dklgcs lbtrl pcfrls l maj`s ` lbtrl k`s maj`s. Ls útak tlblr lb
hulbtc k`s rcsi`s p`satav`s flk pchalbtl aflbtanahcf` y lstagukcr
c kc ncgakac c qul k`s rlh`b`zhc.
Xa kc slsaøb mc saf` h`rrlhtcglbtl h`bfuhafc, ls pr`dcdkl
CG_KACHAØB FLK N@H@ qul lk tlrcplutc y kc ncgakac h`abhafcb lb kc blhlsafcf fl qul
kc lxpk`rchaøb b` sl kagatl ck pchalbtl aflbtanahcf`. Lstc h`b
Kc táhbahc fl `ricbazcr c kc ncgakac lb sudsastlgcs tcg hkusaøb pulfl slr strlsscbtl pcrc kc ncgakac, plr` tcgdaáb
daáb cyufc c cgpkacr lk n`h` flk pr`dklgc. _`r k` ilblrck, kc `nrlhl ub lklglbt` fl lsplrcbzc. Kc ncgakac mc chufaf` c tl
ncgakac mc chufaf` c tlrcpac h`b ub pchalbtl aflbtanahcf`. rcpac fldaf` c su nrchcs` lb kc rls`kuhaøb flk pr`dklgc h`b
Xus `djltav`s y k`s flk tlrcplutc b` s`b k`s gasg`s. Kc nc lk pchalbtl aflbtanahcf`. Ck lxtlbflr lk pr`dklgc gãs ckkã flk
gakac sl mc `ricbazcf` hlbtrãbf`sl lb lk pchalbtl aflbtanahcf` n`h` ncgakacr, lk tlrcplutc mchl suriar kc lsplrcbzc fl qul
y lb halrt`s hcs`s sl lgplóc lb gcbtlblr lstl n`h`. Lk tl ub g`f` fanlrlbtl fl cd`rfcr lk pr`dklgc plrgatarã lbh`b
rcplutc fl ncgakacs, p`r lk h`btrcra`, h`bsaflrc flsfl ub h` trcr ubc s`kuhaøb.
galbz` qul lk pchalbtl aflbtanahcf` rlsp`bfl c csplht`s fas
nubha`bckls fl kcs trcbschha`bls ncgakacrls, y qul lk glj`r Lb guhm`s slbtaf`s, kc lbtrlvastc abahack h`bstatuyl ubc sçb
tlsas fl k` qul `hurrarã h`b kc ncgakac lb tlrcpac. Xl fldlb
g`f` fl lbn`hcr k`s pr`dklgcs flk pchalbtl aflbtanahcf` ls
lk fl lshkcrlhlr y hcgdacr lst`s csplht`s fasnubha`bckls. C gl lxpk`rcr k`s pubt`s fl strlss, plr` lk tlrcplutc fldl tlblr
buf`, kc slsaøb abahack `shakc lbtrl lst`s f`s pubt`s fl vastc. h`bhalbhac flk bavlk fl strlss qul kc ncgakac pulfl t`klrcr.
Lk tlrcplutc fl ncgakac lxtalbfl lk n`h` fl lxpk`rchaøb flsfl Hucbf` k`s galgdr`s fl kc ncgakac sl salbtlb flgcsacf` ab
lk pchalbtl aflbtanahcf` c fanlrlbtls csplht`s fl kc `ricbazc høg`f`s, lk tlrcplutc fldl fcr ub pcs` ctrãs, utakazcbf` c
haøb ncgakacr5 kc ncgakac hlbtrc bulvcglbtl lk pr`dklgc lb lk glbuf` `plrcha`bls fl s`stáb, mcstc ub pubt` lb lk qul kc
ncgakac sl salbtc bulvcglbtl høg`fc. Lk tlrcplutc fldl uda
pchalbtl lk
lxpk`rcr aflbtanahcf`.
g`f` lb qulLk tlrcplutc
kc ncgakacgcbanalstc kc blhlsafcf
`plrc y `nrlhl fl
k`s glfa`s hcrsl c sç gasg` h`g` kçflr y gcbtlblr lstc p`sahaøb. Nabck
pcrc mchlrk`. Kc ncgakac pulfl `çr lk glbscjl y lb ckiub`s glbtl, t`fcs kcs `plrcha`bls tlrcpáutahcs fldlb lnlhtucrsl
hcs`s abhkus` rlsp`bflrkl, plr` kuli` rlfuhl bulvcglbtl lk tlbalbf` ubc hkcrc h`bhalbhac flk mlhm` fl qul kc praglrc
n`h`, hlbtrãbf`k` lb lk pchalbtl aflbtanahcf`. rlikc fl kc lstrctliac tlrcpáutahc ls kc fl qul kc ncgakac pcrtc
h`b lk flsl` fl v`kvlr lb kc slsaøb saiualbtl.
Lk tlrcplutc fl ncgakacs pulfl rlhurrar c gúktapkls lstrctl
iacs pcrc cgpkacr lk n`h`. _`r ljlgpk`, pulfl lkliar `tr` pc Kc afa`sabhrcsac fl ubc ncgakac fltlrgabcfc y lk lstak` fl
halbtl lb lk qul h`bhlbtrcrsl. _ulfl fashutar k`s `tr`s pr` ub tlrcplutc fl ncgakacs fltlrgabcf` s`b k`s ncht`rls satucf`s
dklgcs. _ulfl lxpk`rcr ãrlcs h`blxcs. _`r ljlgpk`, sa sl prl lbtrl k`s `djltav`s fl ubc praglrc lbtrlvastc y kcs rlckafcfls
slbtc c ub baó` h`g` tlbalbf` pr`dklgcs lb kc lshulkc, pulfl fl ubc praglrc lbtrlvastc. Lb t`f`s k`s hcs`s, lk tlrcplutc
prliubtcr sa lk baó` talbl pr`dklgcs lb su hcsc. Xa sl gcba y kc ncgakac fldlb ch`g`fcrsl gutucglbtl lb lk flscrr`kk`
nalstc ub pr`dklgc lb kc hcsc, sl k` pulfl fashutar lb tárgab`s fl ub sastlgc tlrcpáutah`. Xab lstc cfcptchaøb, b` mcdrã
fl trcbschha`bls abtlrplrs`bckls. tlrcpac.

4X> 410

Kc praglrc lbtrlvastc qul naiurc c h`btabuchaøb nul h`b lk pcfrl y lk pchalbtl aflbtanahcf`, y kc gcfrl ctchcdc ck pc
fuhafc p`r ub tlrcplutc fl ncgakacs fl ircb lxplralbhac, Drcu frl c trcvás fl kc pchalbtl aflbtanahcfc (Nai. 6<).
ka` G`btckv`. Xaiul ubc slhulbhac lb halrt` g`f` g`fanahcfc
lb rlkchaøb h`b lk g`flk` glbha`bcf`. Kc praglrc ltcpc ls
drlvl, kc csagakchaøb sudslhulbtl flk tlrcplutc lb lk sastlgc
ncgakacr ls rãpafc, y lbt`bhls sus h`btcht`s h`b t`f`s k`s
galgdr`s fl kc ncgakac s`b abtlrrugpaf`s p`r ubc abtlbsc h`b" Kc gcfrl, p`r k` tcbt`, rlsp`bfl c kc cs`hachaøb flk tlrc
hlbtrchaøb lb lk pchalbtl aflbtanahcf`, Gcbfy, fl saltl có`s. plutc h`b lk pchalbtl aflbtanahcf` cuglbtcbf` su ctcqul h`b
_lr` t`fcs kcs tcrlcs pr`shraptcs fl kc praglrc lbtrlvastc s`b trc kc baóc.
ljlhutcfcs. H`g` h`bslhulbhac fl lkk`, lk tlrcplutc fl ncgakacs hcgdac
Kc lvckuchaøb lstruhturck flk tlrcplutc fl kc ncgakac H`r. lbt`bhls su lstrctliac, cp`ycbf` c kc gcfrl pcrc cp`ycr csç
flb ls kc fl qul lstã h`gpulstc p`r ub sudsastlgc ljlhutav`, c kc pchalbtl aflbtanahcfc (Nai. 6>).
kc gcfrl y ub
aflbtanahcfc ls maj` pcrlbtck,
utakazcfc h`g`G`rras, fl falz
ub hmav` có`s.p`r
lgascra` Kc pchalbtl
lstl sas
tlgc ljlhutav` (Nai. 68). Kcs abtlrvlbha`bls abahackls flk tl-

Csaibc ubc tcrlc qul fldl slr ljlhutcfc lb lk m`icr pcrc


abtlbsanahcr ubc lstruhturc fl ub sudsastlgc lb lk qul kc gc
frl abtlrchtúc lb n`rgc farlhtc h`b kc pchalbtl aflbtanahcfc,
galbtrcs lk maj` pcrlbtck farail su ctlbhaøb c sus `tr`s mlr
rcplutc cpubtcb c ubar c kc baóc utakazcfc h`g` hmav` lgasc gcb`s (Nai. 69). Mchac lk tárgab` fl kc sliubfc slsaøb, lk
ra` y c flspkczcr ck maj` pcrlbtck nulrc flk h`bnkaht` lbtrl kc
gcfrl y kc pchalbtl aflbtanahcfc (Nai. 66).

tlrcplutc mc h`glbzcf` c k`ircr qul sl pr`fuzhc ubc gcy`r


cs`hachaøb fl kc gcfrl y flk maj` pcrlbtck h`b sus aiuckls fl
lfcf (Nai. 6=).
Lstc abtlrvlbhaøb ls csagakcfc p`r kc gcfrl, y pr`dcdkl
glbtl p`r lk maj` pcrlbtck, lb ubc lstruhturc ncgakacr prlvac
glbtl lxastlbtl, cbtls fl qul k`s pcfrls sl slpcrcslb. Kc gc
frl y lk maj` pcrlbtck n`rgcdcb lbt`bhls ubc h`ckahaøb h`btrc

41= 411

Naiurc c h`btabuchaøb ubc trcbshraphaøb fl nrciglbt`s fl Xló`rc I`rflb: Gcbfy talbl


kc lbtrlvastc abahack h`b lstc ncgakac. Vcgdaáb lstãb prlslbtls saltl.
k`s `tr`s f`s baó`s fl kc ncgakac, J`yhl, fl `hm` có`s, y Fld-  G`
 G`btc kv`:  Xaltl, `hm`
btckv`: `hm`,, falz y
dal, fl f`s. Hucbf` kc ncgakac lbtrc, sl udahc flk saiualbtl f`s.
Xló`rc  I`rflb:  Huctr`.
g`f`:  G`btc kv`: Huctr`, `m, hcrcgdc.
 G`btckv`: Ch. Xl rlnalrl ck úbah` h`btch
Dulb`, hucbf` gl kkcgcr`b cylr, t` prlva`, ubc kkcgcfc tlklnøbahc,
ustlf... pcrc fcr ubc agprlsaøb fl h`bta
buafcf y fl ub plrç`f` fl h`b`
hagalbt` gãs pr`k`bicf`.
Xló`rc I`rflb:  Q` cylr lstc
dc tcb abqualtc.
G`btckv`: \stlf lstcdc guy  Ch.  Tlh`b`hl y hckgc kc cb
abqualtc. iustac fl kc sló`rc I`rflb.
Xló`rc  I`rflb:  Xa, p`rqul ls`
 G`btc
 G`btckv`:
kv`:  °Suá lfcf talbl Ch. Lstcdklhl lb praglr kuicr p`fçc slr guy plkair`s`. Q lkkc
lkkc0 h`btcht` h`b kc gcfrl, rlh`b` yc k` mcdçc mlhm` cbtls. Q sa G`
halbf` su p`sahaøb h`g` hcdlzc rras gl mudalsl kkcgcf` ck trcdcj`
ljlhutavc fl kc ncgakac. pcrc flhargl qul kc hcsc sl mcdçc
Xló`rc Hcrflb:  Huctr` có`s. abhlbfacf` bulvcglbtl y qul k`s
 G`btc
 G`btckv`:
kv`:  Huctr`. °Suá lfcf Ch. H`b`hl k`s b`gdrls fl k`s
 Ch.  H`b`hl k`s b`gdrls fl k`s d`gdlr`s lstcdcb ckkç, b` sá quá
talbl G`rras0 baó`s, k` qul abfahc h`btcht`s prl mcdrçc mlhm`.
va`s y chlklrc kc abh`rp`rchaøb c  G`btckv`:  \stlf lstcdc lb lk
 G`btckv`:
kc ncgakac h`g` pcrtl flk bulv` trcdcj`.
sastlgc s`hack. Xl trctc fl ubc Xló`rc I`rflb:  Xç.
h`bfuhtc s`hack, lb kc qul lk tl  G`btc kv`:  Q G`rras kc kkcgø.
 G`btckv`:
rcplutc hmcrkc cgcdklglbtl h`b Xló`rc I`rflb:  Lk b` kkcgø,
kc gcfrl. p`rqul scdçc qul gl adc c ab
Xló`rc  I`rflb:  Falz.
 G`
 G`btc kv`:  °Q Cbbal0
btckv`: qualtcr
 G`btcguhm`.
kv`:  @m.
 G`btckv`:
Xló`rc  I`rflb:  @hm`. Xló`rc I`rflb:  B` kkcgø p`r
 G`
 G`btc
btckv`:
kv`:  °Ls
°L s ástc Cbb
Cbbal0
al0  Ch.  H`gltl ub lrr`r, lb pra qu
qull ák mcd
mcdçc
çc . . .
glr kuicr lb k` rlnlrlbtl c ub  G`btc
 G`btckv`
kv` (c G`rrat)
G`rrat)::  Lbtalb Ch. Xaiul rcstrlcbf` kc h`gu
b`gdrl, kuli` c kc lfcf fl ub f`. °Lbt`bhls cpcicstl lk nuli` bahchaøb fl kc gcfrl.
baó`, k` qul plrgatl qul kc nc s`k`0
gakac sl salbtc gãs høg`fc ck
h`btrcrrlstcr t`f` tlg`r fl cut`- Tl. Lk h`btcht` h`b `tr` galg
t`rafcf cds`kutc. Lk tlrcplutc sl dr` plrgatl h`glbzcr c lbslócr
prlslbtc h`g` nckadkl, y h`bsl ubc
ubc rlikc fl h`gubahchaøb: k`s
hulbtlglbtl h`g` chhlsadkl. galgdr`s fl kc ncgakac fldlb mc
Xló`rc  I`rflb:  J`yhl. dkcr lb b`gdrl
b`gdrl pr`pa`: sl fls
 G`btc
 G`btckv`:
kv`:  J`yhl. ckalbtc kc glfachaøb. H`g` G`
Xló`rcW I`rflb:  J`yhl talbl rras lstcdc prlslbtl y su gcfrl
`hm` có`s. b`, ls G`rras qualb fldl rlkctcrkc.
 G`btc
 G`btckv`:
kv`:  @hm`. Lstc ls kc praglrc tãhtahc h`btrc
pulstc c kc ltaqultc: lk tlrcplutc

8??
8?3

abtlrrugpl c kc sló`rc I`rflb salbtc gãs høg`fc, kcs prliubtcs


pcrc flhar c G`rras qu qull mcdkl. sl mcrãb gãs h`gpkljcs.
Xló`rc  I`rflb:  B` schufcs kc  Kc sló`rc
sló`rc I`rflb
I`rflb flscnçc
flscnçc ck tl  Gc bfy::  Xç.
 Gcbfy
hcdlzc.  rcplutc
 rcpl utc ck h`rrliar
h`rrliar k`s g`fckls
g`fckls fl  G`
 G`btc
btckv`:
kv`: °Csç fl ircbfl0 (Kl Tl. Xaiul utakazcbf` ub klbiuc
 G`rras.
 G`rras. Absa
Absastarã
starã lb gcbgcbtlb
tlblrtl
lrtl vcbtc sus gcb`s.)  °@ csç0  jl fl h`g
h`gpl
pltlb
tlbhac
hac y h`
h``p
`plr
lrch
chaø
aøb.
b.
 h`g`
 h`g` jlnl fl kc ncg
ncgakac
akac..  Gcbfy
 Gcbfy::  Gãs ` glb`s
glb`s csç. Xl trctc fl ubc "salgdrc". Lb
 G`b tckv`:  °Suaáb prlbfaø lk
 G`btckv`:  G`
 G`btc kv`: °Csç fl ircbfl0 @m,
btckv`: ub g`glbt` p`stlra`r fl kc sl
nuli`0 Fa`s. Tlckglbtl ircbfl. Q ák maz` saøb hcpatckazcrã kc lxpk`rchaøb fl
 G`rras:  Gcbfy. ub dulb trcdcj`. lstl tlgc. _`r lk g`glbt`, huls
tckv`:  °Gcbfy0 °Chtuø
 G`btckv`:
 G`b  Ch.  Lstcdklhl h`btcht` h`b ub ta`bc lk slbtagalbt` fl hukpc. B`
dalb ák0 °Suá usø0 °Ciuc0 °Gcb tlrhlr galgdr` fl kc ncgakac. Mc lbnrlbtc c kc gcfrl, sagpklglbtl
fy0 dkcbf` h`b lk pchalbtl aflbtana suialrl ubc farlhhaøb fanlrlbtl.
hcf`, dushc abn`rgchaøb5 su ch  Gcbfy::  Xa.
 Gcbfy
tatuf ls slrac cubqul b` chusc  G`btckv`: °K`  cyufcstl c cpc
 G`btckv`:
f`rc. icrk`0

Xló`rc
 G`b
 G`btckv`:
tckv`: °Suá usø
  I`rflb: Mcdkc.
ák0 °Ciuc0 Gcbfy:
 G`btc
 G` kv`:B`.
btckv`:  °B`0 °Suasastl cyu
 Gcb fy:  Xç.
 Gcbfy: fcrk`0 °Suasastl cyufcrk` c cpc
tckv`:  °Xç0 °Q quá gãs0
 G`btckv`:
 G`b  Tl. Abtr`fuhl ub sliubf` hcg icrk`0 (Gcbfy  gcshukkc cki`.)
°_crc cpcicr lk nuli`, quá usø0 da`, pr`fuhl ub icgdat`. Gcba °Lm0 K` salbt`, b` tl `ç.
pukc lk h`btlbaf` y lk cnlht` pcrc Xló`rc I`rflb:  Mcdkc gã gãss  Kc sló`rc
sló`rc I`rf
I`rflblb chlptc
chlptc qul
cbckazcr kc h`gpltlbhac ‖h`g` nulrtl. lk tlrcplutc chtúl h`g` abfuht`r.
nul rlsulkt`
rlsulk t` lk pr`dklgc‖ lb ku  Ck gasg`
gasg` talgp`,
talgp`, rlt`
rlt`gc
gc su r`k
icr fl dushcr c quaáb sl fldl  h`g`
 h`g` jlnl fl kc ncg
ncgakacakac,, lb ub
ubcc
chuscr. Kcs ncgakacs lb hrasas sul  chtatuf
 chtatuf fl h`b
h`btr`k
tr`k..
klb prl`hupcrsl p`r aflbtanahcr ub Gcbfy: Lk gl faj` qul b` k`
hukpcdkl. K`s tlrcplutcs fldlb mahalsl.
scdlr huãbf` h`rrlsp`bfl hulsta`  G`btc
 G`btckvp:
kvp:  °_ulfl cyufcrgl c  Ch.  Chlptc kc `nlrtc fl kafl
bcr lstc h`bfuhtc. Lb lstl hcs`, lbtlbflr0 °Suá faj`0 rczi` fl kc gcfrl, utakazãbf`kc
lk hulsta`bcgalbt` qulfc agpkç h`g` trcfuht`rc. Xaiul kcs kçblcs
hat`. Lk tlrcplutc h`bnaiurc su fl h`gubahchaøb fl kc ncgakac, uta
prl`hupchaøb p`r kc rls`kuhaøb flk kazcbf` c kc gcfrl h`g` "h`b
pr`dklgc y lk rlsplt` p`r kc h`g gutcf`r".
pltlbhac fl k`s baó`s. Tl. _kcbtlc lk klbiucjl fl cp`
y:  Xøk` ciuc.
 Gcbfy:
 Gcbf y` y h``plrchaøb lb kc facfc gc
 G`btckv`:  °Xøk` ciuc0 °B`
 G`btckv`: Cl. G`fanahc
G`fanahc lk cnlht` fl ub frl-majc.
crr`jø r`pcs ` cki` csa0 ch`btlhagalbt` trcugãtah` abtlrl Xló`rc I`rflb: Lkkc
 Lk kc faj` qu
qull ák
sãbf`sl lb kc flshraphaøb flk ab kl faj` qul b` k` cyufcsl. _r`
haflbtl. Lkk` cyufc c Gcbfy c dcdklglbtl kl faj` qul sckalsl flk
abtlrchtucr lb n`rgc h`gpltlbtl glfa`.
h`b ák.  G`btc
 G`btckv`:
kv`:  @m. °_`r quá b` Tl. Bulvcglbtl flsckalbtc c
 Gcbfy
 Gcbfy::  B`. qulrçcs qul cyufcsl0 kc gcfrl c mcdkcr lb kuicr fl
tckv`:  °Nul rlckglbtl ub
 G`btckv`:
 G`b  Ch. _kcbtlc prliubtcs lb n`rgc G`rras, k` qul rlnulrzc kc rlikc
ircb abhlbfa`0 h`bhrltc, fl tck g`f` qul kc fl qul k`s galgdr`s fl kc ncgakac
csustcfc baóc pulfc rlsp`bflrkl fldlb mcdkcr lb b`gdrl pr`pa`,
h`b g`b`sçkcd`s.
g`b`sçkcd`s. Hucbf
Hucbf`` lkkc sl sab abtlrglfacra`s.

8?4 8?8

 G` rr\::  _`rqul


 G`rr\ _`r qul lkkc lstcdc lb gl pcrlhaø qul hucbt` gas ciuc
lk hcgab`. lhmcdc gas nuli` mcdkc.
 G`btc kv`:  |@m! Lkkc lstcdc lb
 G`btckv`: G`bt`a``: Gg. °Lgplzø p`r lk
glfa` flk h`khmøb0
 Ch.  Tcstrl`.
lk hcgab`.
 G`rr\
 G`rr\:: _`rqul y` cicrrá lk h`k- G`rras: Cja.
hmøb qul lstcdc prlbfaf` y k`  G`btc
 G`btckv`:
kv`:  °Gcbfy tl faj` hø Ch. \takazcbf` lk h`btlbaf` `d
cicrrá y k` kklvá y k` pusl lb lk g` mcdkc lgplzcf` lk nuli`0 tlbaf` c trcvás flk galgdr` prl
dcó` y k` pusl lb kc dcbcflrc y vacglbtl h`btchtcf`, lk tlrcplutc
fljá qul h`rralsl lk ciuc. abtlbtc abahacr ub fack`i` lbtrl kc
G`btckv`: Ggm. gcfrl y Gcbfy. _`bl lb juli`
 G`rras
 G`rras::  Q lbt`bhls cicrrá t` pcutcs trcbschha`bckls.
fcs sus r`pcs y kcs pusl lb kc Xló`rc  I`rflb:  Lkkc cicrrø  Kc gcf
gcfrlrl kl, rlsp`bf
rlsp`bfll ck tlrc
tlrc
dcbcflrc. ub`s nøsn`r`s y k`s prlbfaø. Lkkc  plu
 plutc
tc lb kuic
kuicrr fl abahacr
abahacr ub faã
 G`btc kv`:  Mahastl ub dulb trc
 G`btckv`: Ch. Lk`iac kc h`gpltlbhac fl b` faj` qul k` mcdkc prlbfaf`. k`i` h`b Gcbfy.
dcj`. °Ckiubc vlz mahastl cki` G`rras lb ub klbiucjl
G`rras klbiucjl cflhucf`  G`btc
 G`btckv`:
kv`:  °_`frçc prliubtcrkl0  Ch.  Gcbtalbl kc lstruhturc nc
pcrlhaf` cbtls0 pcrc ub baó` fl falz có`s. Vcg Mcdkl h`b lkkc cm`rc. (M`hl (M`h l ub gakacr fl gcfrl h`g` h`bgutc
daáb dushc qul kc ncgakac lk`ial ilst`,  slóckcbf` c kc sló`rc I`r f`r.
ck maj` pcrlbtck.  flb qul kl mcdklmcdkl farlhtc
farlhtcglb
glbtl
tl c  Tl.  @ralbtc c kc gcfrl pcrc
 Tl.  Hulsta`bc lk cnlht`
cnlht ` fl kc  Gcbfy
 Gcbfy.) .) qul abahal ub faãk`i` h`b Gcbfy.
ncgakac h`bhlbtrcbf` su ctlbhaøb Kc gcfrl rlsastl kc abtlrvlbhaøb
lb k` p`satav`, cht`s fl h`gpl flk tlrcplutc. Absastl, pcrc `d
tlbhac. slrvcr lk g`f` lb qul abtlrchtúcb
 G`rras:  Cbtls, t`f` sl qulgø.
 G`rras: qulgø.  Kc rlkchaøb
rlkchaøb fl kc gcf
gcfrl
rl h`b gcfrl l majc.
_lr` klvcbtá lk h`khmøb y k` pusl  G`rras
 G`rras sudrcyc
sudrcyc søk` k` p`satav`
p`satav`,, Xló`rc I`rflb:  °Suá mahastl0  Kc gcf
gcfrl
rl sl ch`g`f
ch`g`fcc ck tlrc
tlrc
h`btrc kc pulrtc y sl qulgø søk`  rlh`gpl
 rlh`gplbsc
bscbf` h`g`  maj`
bf` su r`k h`g` Flhagl lxchtcglbtl qul mahastl  plu
 plutc,
tc, y h`galb
h`galbzc
zc c mcdkcr
mcdkcr h`b
lk h`khmøb.
h`kh møb. B` mud` guhm` nul pcrlbtck. hucbf` lbtrcstl c gç mcdatchaøb.  Gcbfy
 Gcbfy,, lb n`rgc lxpk`r
lxpk`rct`
ct`rac.
rac. Xl
i` y søk` lk h`khmøb fl qulgø. °Suá prlbfastl0 °Hucbf` lbhlb  trct
 trctcc fl ub dulb-
dulb- Çbfahl
Çbfahl pr`bøs
pr`bøs
Xló`rc  I`rflb:  B` vl`
v l` saqual fastl lk nøsn`r`, c quá k` chlrhcs  tah`
 tah`,, abfa
abfahcf`
hcf`rr fl nklxadak
nklxadakafcf
afcf..
rc høg` puf` mchlrk` p`rqul y` tl pcrc prlbflrk`0 °Høg` prlb
gasgc b` pufl klvcbtcr lk h`k fastl kc h`khmc0
hmøb. Xchø lk h`khmøb fl kc hcgc  Gc bfy::  _rlbfç lk nøsn`r`.
 Gcbfy
fl cdcj` y faj` qul b` scdac p`r Xló`rc I`rflb:  Q prlbfastl kc  Lk t`b
t`b`` fl kc gcf
gcfrl
rl sl mchl
mchl
quá k` mcdkc schcf`. Lstcdc sag h`khmc.  cfg`b\`ra`
 cfg`b\ `ra`.. K` g`fg`fanah
anahøø guy
pklglbtl blrva`s`, °gl lbtalbfl k`  pr`bt`.
 pr`b t`. Fl t`f`s
t`f`s g`f
g`f`s
`s kc pr`i
pr`i
qul qualr` flhar0 _lbscbf` qul  b`s
 b`sas
as ls dulbc,
dulbc, yc qul kc sló`rc
sló`rc
sa k` schcdc t`fc kc hcgc b` sl I`rflb fc pruldcs fl hcpchafcf
qulgcrkc. Lbt`bhls lgplzø c sc  fl rlsp`bf
rlsp`bflrlr c kcs abfahch
abfahcha`b
a`bls
ls
kar fl kc mcdatchaøb h`b ák, plr`  flk tlrc
tlrcplu
plutc.
tc.
k` tlbac lb slbtaf` trcbsvlrsck y
sl ctcshø lb kc pulrtc. Lbt`bhls  Gcbfy
 Gcbfy::  Xç.
h`b lk h`khmøb lb kc pulrtc b` Xló`rc I`rflb: °Sualrls flhar
lbtalbf` høg` b` sl qulgø. c prlbflr kc h`khmc0
 G` rras::  Hucbf` lbtrá, chcdcdc
 G`rras  Gcbfy::  Q` lstcdc mchalbf` ub
 Gcbfy
fl v`kvlr fl kc lshulkc, y mcdkc lxplraglbt`.
søk` ub ciujlrat` ckkç y kklvá gu Xló`rc  I`rflb:  Dulb`, °quá
hmcs tczcs fl ciuc y kc tará, plr` `hurraø0 B` `ai` k` qul fahls.

8?6 8?<

°Lttcdcs mchalbf` ub lxplrtglb-  Gcbfy.


 Gcbf y.  Xç.
t`0 Xló`rc   I`rflb:  °Mcs vast` qul
 G`rrat:
 G`r rat:  Lkkc lstcdc... G`rras prlbfc nøsn`r`s hucbf` mc
 G`btckv`::  _lrføbcgl, G`rras.
 G`btckv`  Tl.  Dk`qulc kc abtlrnlrlbhac fl hl lxplraglbt
lxplraglbt`s0
`s0
_`rqul saiul Gcbfy. G`rras, qul rlt`gc su nubhaøb fl  Gcbfy:
 Gcbfy:  B`.
abtlrglfacra` lbtrl kc gcfrl y Xló`rc   I`rflb:  Dulb`, °p`r  Kc gcfrl
gcfrl kl lxpkç
lxpkçhatc
hatc ck tlrc
tlrc
Gcbfy. quá prlbfastl ub nøsn`r`0   (Gcb  plutc lk glb
 plutc glbscjl
scjl fl Gcbfy,
Gcbfy, rl
 Gcbfy:  Lstcdc pr`dcbf`.
 Gcbfy:  fy mcdkc
mcdkc lb n`rgc
n`rgc abcufad
abcufadkl.)
kl.)  h`b`hal
 h`b`halbf`bf` qul ák lstã pcrt pcrtaha
aha
Xló`rc I`rflb: °H`b  lk nuli` °Suá0  (Gcbfy gcshukkc bulvc  pcbf`
 pcbf` lb su faãk`i`
faãk`i` h`b Gcbfy.
Gcbfy.
fl quçgahc fl G`rras0  glbtl
 glbtl cki`.)
cki`.)  Lkkc fahl qul, du
dul-
l-  _lr` cubqul
cubqul h`ga
h`galbzc
lbzc bulv
bulvcgl
cglb b
 Gcbfy:
 Gcb fy:  ¡ X ç t   (Gcbfy
( Gcbfy lstã kk` b`, c G`rras kl rlickcg`s ub  tl c mcdkcr
mcdkcr h`b Gcbfy
Gcbfy lb n`rgc
Tl. \takazc kc fasgabuhaøb fl lxpk`rct`rac, su t`b` fl v`z ls
 rcbf`.
 rcbf`. Lk tlrc
tlrcplut plutcc kl mch
mchll ub fastcbhac pcrc rln`rzcr kc pulstc juli` fl quçgahc pcrc Bcvafcf,
 ilst`
 ilst` c kc gcfr
gcfrll pcrc hcgdachcgdacrr fl y lkkc salgprl k` usc. _`rqul usc  fur`.. Kc gcf
 fur` gcfrlrl chu
chusc
sc h`b
h`bstcb
stcbtl
tl
lb juli`
juli` fl ub faãk`i`. Cbtls  glbtl
 glb tl c Gcb
Gcbfy.
fy. Gcbfy
Gcbfy talbl
talbl gal
 csalbt`
 csalbt` h`b ák
ák.. Xl klvcbtc
klvcbtc y cvcb
cvcb csugaø ubc chtatuf pr`tlht`rc fl t`f`. ¡V`f`! Q ák k` t`gø y k`
 zc mchacW
mchacW lkkc,
lkkc, qul chlptc chlptc y sl pus` lb ga mcdatchaøb pcrc lva  f`5 gur
gurgur
gurcc lb n`rgc abcufadkl.
abcufadkl.
Gcbfy5 cm`rc udahc c kc gcfrl  Kc chlp
chlptch
tchaøb
aøb abah
abahack
ack fl kc gcf
gcfrl rl
tcr qul k` uscsl. Lbt`bhls lkkc
 salbtc
 salbtc ck kcf` fl Gcbfy.
Gcbfy.)) lb su csalbt`,
h`bfuhtc prlvaclsplrcbf` qullkkc.
abnkuarã s`drl su pafaø pcrc ar c dushcr lk ciuc.  flk g`flk`
g`flk` fl hcgda`
hcgda` flk tlrc tlrc
_lr` lb kuicr fl ar cdcj`, nul c  plu
 plutc
tc y su rlcsubh
rlcsubhaøb
aøb fl su p`
 G`rras:  Q lbt`bhls tú fajastl
 G`rras: Lk  maj` pcrlbtck lxpkahc c kc  sahaøb
 sahaøb prlvac s`b hcrc
hcrchtlr
htlrçstah
çstah`s
`s fl
qul qulrçcs ub vcs` fl ciuc. Q  gcfrl
 gcf rl kc h`bfuht
h`bfuhtcc fl k`s `tr``tr`ss ga mcdatchaøb pcrc dushcr lk jul
i`. Q trctø fl mchlr ub lxplra  t`f`ss k`s pr`hls`s
 t`f` pr`hls`s fl hcgda`
hcgda`..
sckastl. Lkkc lstuv` guhm` talg  maj`
 maj`s.
s. _r`hlfl
_r`hlfl fl chulrf`
chulrf` h`b kc
p`. Lbt`bhls y` nua c vlr quá ls lstruhturc ncgakacr, lb kc qul ák glbt`. B` sá quá hkcsl fl lx
tcdc mchalbf`. Q hucbf` nua c kc  chtúc
 chtúc h`g`
h`g` glfa
glfacf`r
cf`r lbtr
lbtrll su plralbhac p`fçc mchlr h`b nøsn`r`s.
mcdatchaøb, vab` h`rralbf` y faj`:  gcfrl
 gcf rl y k`s maj`s glb
glb`rls
`rls..  G`rras:
 G`r ras: \bc lxplralbhac qul y`
"Gcga, kc hcgc sl lstã abhlb mahl . . .
facbf`". Xló`rc   I`rflb:  G`rras, b` ab  Kc gcfrl mc chlptcf`
chlptcf` kc rlikc
 G`btc kv`:  Xç
 G`btckv`: Xç,, G`rras
G`rras trctc fl tlrrugpcs.  flk tlrc
tlrcplu
plutc.
tc.  Xl  ch`g`fc ck tl
 Ch.  Gcb
Gcbtalbl
talbl ubc
ubc chtatuf
cht atuf p`sa
slr útak y ls útak. Lrls guy útak.  rcplutc
 rcplutc,, dk`qulc
dk`qulcbf`
bf` kc abtl
abtlrrup
rrup
tavc, hckanahcbf` c kc chtatuf fl
_lr` Gcbfy b` puf` tlrgabcr su G`rras h`g` ub abtlbt` fl cyufc.
 haøb fl G`rras.
G`rras.
mast`rac. Cn`btcçl`: Ls ‖`dslrvá qul‖
°høg` sl kkcgc0
Tl. Tlhckanahc c kc cyufc fl Xló`rc: J`yhl.
G`rras h`g` abcflhucfc, kc dk`  G`btckv`
 G`b tckv`:: J`yhl ls guy tçga-  Ch.   Gcbtalbl kc lstruhturc fl
qulc, l absastl lb kc pulstc lb kc ncgakac mcdkcbf` h`b kc gcfrl
 ju
 juli
li`` flk faãk`i
faãk`i` ` gcfrl
gcfrl-ma
-majc
jc.. fc. °Ls csç0
chlrhc fl k`s maj`s y fljãbf`k`s
Xló`rc I`rflb:  Lsplrc. Fájc  Kc gcf
gcfrlrl sl ch`g`f
ch`g`fcc ck tl fl kcf`.
gl mcdkcr h`b lkkc. Lbt`bhls cic  rcplutc
 rcpl utc,, fahaá
fahaábf`
bf`kl
kl c G`r
G`rras
ras qul
rrcstl lk juli` fl quçgahc y lg Tl. Xudrcyc kc fldakafcf p`r
 b` abtlrru
abtlrrugpc
gpc,, chlp
chlptc.
tc. Mc chlp
chlp vlz praglrc.  Kc tagaflz fl J`yhl.
plzcstl c crgcr kç` h`b ák.  tcf` kc rlikc fl qul hcfc ub` Flspkalic lk pr`dklgc pcrc hcg
 mcd
 mcdkl
kl p`r sa gasg`.
gasg`. K`s lsqu
lsqulgc
lgcss Xló`rc   I`rflb:  K` ls. V`f` lk dacr lk facibøstah` abfavafuck `ra
 fl kc ncg
ncgakac
akac s`b nklxadkls,
nklxadkls, k` qul talgp` ls guy trcbquakc. iabck lb ub facibøstah` ncgakacr.
 h`b
 h`bstatu
statuyl
yl ub saib`
saib` fl dulb
dulb pr`  Ch.   Lstcdklhl h`btcht` h`b lk
 G`btckv `:   °Guy trcbquakc0 J`y
 bøstah`.
 bøstah `. hucrt` galgdr`. Mcdkc h`b t`f`s
hl, °tú tcgdaáb vastl lk h`khmøb0
 Gcbfy:  Xa.
 Gcbfy: y lxprlsc su abtlrás p`r t`f`s.
Xló`rc I`rflb: Q tú cicrrcstl  J`yhl:  B`.
 J`yhl:
k`s nøsn`r`s p`rqul lstcdcs trc  G`btckv`
 G`b tckv`::  °B`0
tcbf` fl mchlr ub lxplraglbt`.  J`yhl:
 J`yhl: B`.

8?= 8?9

tckv`::  °Føbfl lstcdcs


 G`btckv`
 G`b  Ch.  Lk tlrcplutc abhku
abhkuyl
yl c t`  G`btckv`
 G`b tckv`::  °Vrctø fl cvlraiucr
hucbf` `hurraø0 f`s k`s mlrgcb`s y rlspltc kc h` k` qul `hurraø0
l:  Lb ga mcdatchaøb kag
 J`yhl:
 J`yh gubahchaøb fl k`s baó`s. Kcs prl Xló`rc H`rflb: Xa, plr` lkkc
.. .ls` ls t`f` e2 qul pufl cvlra
paãbf`kc. iubtcs qul kls farail s`b h`bhrl
 G`btc kv`: °Suaáb tl faj` k` qul
 G`btckv`: tcs, y rlqualrlb abn`rgchaøb chlr iucr.
`hurraø0 °Gcbfy tl faj` k` hc flk "høg`", k` qul lstagukc kc  G`btckv`
 G`b tckv`::  Ggm. °_uf` cvlra
cvlra Ch. Tcstrl`, lxtlbfalbf` lk h`
qul `hurraø0 h`gubahchaøb abncbtak y kls mchl iucr sa lkkc sl mcdçc qulgcf` lb b`hagalbt` fl kc sló`rc H`rflb
slbtar agp`rtcbtls y pcrtl fl kc ckiúb kuicr0 chlrhc flk abhlbfa`.
slsaøb.  Tl.  Abfuhl
Abfuh l c kc sló`rc I`rflb
c fljcr fl kcf` kc flshraphaøb flk
 J`yhl:  Gl faj` qul kcs r`pcs ch`btlhagalbt` y c pr`nubfazcr
lstcdcb prlbfafcs. kc pulstc lb nuli` fl kcs trcbsch
 G`btc
 G`btckv`:
kv`:  °Vl csustcstl0  Tl.  ^ulkvl c gcbanlstcr prl ha`bls ncgakacrls. Flspuás fl mc
`hupchaøb p`r kcs lxplralbhacs dlrkc lshuhmcf` y cp`ycf`, scdl
cnlhtavcs fl kc baóc. qul cm`rc pulfl hulsta`bcrkc. X`
 J`yhl:  B`.
 J`yhl: kahatc ub faãk`i` lbtrl kc sló`rc
 G`btck
 G`btckv`:
v`:  °Suá mahastl0  Tl.  Xl farail c kc baóc lb tár H`rflb y Gcbfy h`b ubc flhkc
gab`s fl lnahchac. Lkkc puf` mc rchaøb fl prl`hupchaøb c kc qul
hlr cki` hucbf` tuv` qul mchlrk`. kc sló`rc H`rflb rlsp`bfl lb n`r
 J`yhl:
 J`yhl:  Kl fajl c G`rras y G` gc cpcrlbtl. Lk tlrcplutc abtlbtc
rras lbt`bhls sudaø.
sudaø. Kl fajl c abtr`fuhar ub bulv` slbtagalbt`
G`rras qul kc hcgc sl lstcdc ab (prl`hupchaøb)
(prl`hupcha øb) c trcvás fl kc
hlbfacbf`. gcbapukchaøb flk h`btlbaf` fl kc
G`btckv`: Dulb`. Hucbf` v`k Cl. ^ulkvl c kc sló`rc H`rflb, h`gubahchaøb y tcgdaáb su farlh
vaø c su hcsc ustlf fldl mcdlrsl rlspltcbf` su nubhaøb h`g` jlnl haøb, fl kc gcfrl mcfc kc majc.
slbtaf` guy abqualtc. fl kc ncgakac y h`bgutcf`r hlbtrc
fl kcs h`gubahcha`bls. Gcbanals Xló`rc Hcrflb: °Vl qulgcstl
tc prl`hupchaøb p`r lkkc, mchalb lb ckiúb kcf`0
f` sliuar su prl`hupchaøb p`r ub Gcbfy: B`.
maj`
p`r kcp`rsló`rc
ubc aiuck prl`hupchaøb
H`rflb. \bc vlz gø
gø.Xló`rc H`rflb:
. Q` trctá fl vlrB`, b` slyqul
hucbf`
hucbf` `...
gcs lstã slgdrcbf`. Gcs tcrfl tcrfl,,  G`btckv
 G`b tckv`:
`:  °Q quá mcy chlrhc  Tl.  Cp`yc ck pchalbtl aflb
hucbf` lk sastlgc ncgakacr mcyc flk sust` fl lkkc0 _ulfl slr cki` tanahcf`. B` chlptc kc abn`rgc
chlptcf` kc prl`hupchaøb, abtr` qul csustl guhm`. haøb pr`p`rha`bcfc p`r kc sló`rc
fuharã kc prl`hupchaøb lb k` qul I`rflb pulst` qul k` qul kl ab
h`bhalrbl c Gcbfy. tlrlsc ls kc pulXtc lb juli` fl
Xló`rc  I`rflb:  @m, dulb`,  Kc satuchaø
satuchaøb
b fl G`r
G`rras
ras h`g`
h`g` ub faãk`i` lb lk qul abtlrvlbic
hucf` lbtrá slbtç `k`r c qulgc  maj` pcrlbtck
pcrlbtck k` h`bvalrt
h`bvalrtll lk slbtagalbt` fl prl`hupcføb.
f`, G`rras lstcdc crradc y lbt`b  p`b
 p`bscd\
scd\ fl k`s ch`btlh
ch`btlhagal
agalbt`
bt`ss Fljc fl abtlrr`icr chlrhc flk f`
hls p`fçc flhargl k` qul pcscdc, qul sl pr`fuhlb hucbf` kc sló` k`r nçsah` pcrc mchlrk` lb rlkchaøb
lbt`bhls lbtrá y ák, ák faj`: "Gc  rc I`rflb
I`rflb lstã cusl
cuslbtl
btl.. _crl
_crlhl
hl h`b lk f`k`r psah`køiah`. Xus
ga, tlbi` qul flhartl cki`. Vl  tcgdaáb
 tcgdaáb slr su pr`tl
pr`tlht`r
ht`r,, ck csu
csu salgdrcs prlvacs, lb praglr ku
vcs c lb`jcr guhm`". Q` fajl:  gar k` rlsp`bsc
rlsp`bscdaka
dakafcf
fcf fl rls`k
rls`k icr h`b J`yhl y kuli` h`b kc sl
"Dulb`, lb praglr kuicr, °p`r quá vlr kc hrasas. ó`rc H`rflb nchakatcb lstl lbn`
lstas crradc0 °Q quá ls lsl `k`r qul.
c qulgcf`0 Xló`rc H`rflb:
H`rflb: Xa, lkkc lstcdc.

8?= 8??

 G`btckv`:   °_ulfl vlranahcrk`0 Cl. Absastl lb kc pulstc lb jul  Gcbfy


 Gcbfy (klylbf
(klylbf`):
`):  "Lk hmah`
i` fl pcutcs trcbschha`bckls. fl _cb fl Ilbiadrl. Lstc ls kc
Xló`rc I`rflb:   °Vuvastl gal plqulóc valjlhatc..." (saiul kl-
f`0  ylb
 ylbf`).
f`).
 Gcbfy:
 Gcbfy:  Xç.  G`btc
 G`btckv`:
kv`:  °Suá palbsc ustlf
Xló`rc I`rflb:   Vuvastl galf` fl ls`0
flspuás fl qul h`glbzø c crflr. Gcbfy: "...v`y c mchlr ub
 Gcbfy:
 Gcb fy:  Xç. hmah` fl _cb fl Ilbiadrl pcrc
Xló`rc I`rflb: Xagpklglbtl h`glrk`. Q lkkc k` maz`".
b` scdls p`r quá k` mahastl. Xló`rc I`rflb:  Gcbfy
Gcbfy,, °føbfl  \bc vlz gãs kc sló`rc I`rflb
 Gcbf y:   B`   (h`galbzc c kk`rcr). fljcstl lb kc lshulkc0 °Qc klçstl  plrhadl ck tlrcplutc  y c Gcbfy
Xló`rc I`rflb:  °B`0 lst`, b`0 °Føbfl fljcstl lb kc  h`g` ubc h`ckahaøb lb h`btrc fl
 Gcbfy:
 Gcb fy:  ¡B`! °•hulkc0 lkkc y  bulvcglbtl ctchc ck galg
Xló`rc   I`rflb:   Dulb`, fldl  dr` gãs fádak
fádak fl kc h`ckaha
h`ckahaøb.
øb. Kc
rçcs mcdlrk` scdaf`. °B`0  rlcpcrah
 rlcp crahaøb
aøb fl kc dúsqul
dúsqulfc
fc fas
 Gcbfy:
 Gcb fy:  Xç.
Xló`rc I`rflb:   _`rqul b` ls  Kc dúsq ulfc fl ub hma v` lga   nub
 nubha`
 fl ha`bck
fldbck
lrslflkc hmav`
fldlrsl hma
kc v` lga
lgascra
scra`
agprlsaø
agpr b` fl
lsaøb pul
pul
kc
kc praglrc vlz qul k` mahastl, °b`0 scra` sl rlcnargc, plsl c kc gc  sló`rc
 sló` rc I`rflb
I`rflb fl qul qul lk tlrcplu
tlrcplu
ba`drc flk tlrcplutc. Lxastl ubc  tc lstã hcgdac
hcgdacbf`bf` fl h`ckaha
h`ckahaøb
øb y
kcric mast`rac prlvac fl chhaøb y  cp`yc
 cp`yc c Gcbfy
Gcbfy.. Kc sló`
sló`rc
rc I`r
rlchhaøb c mlrafcs prlvacs qul rl  flb ctchc
ctchc  c  Gcbfy, lb praglr ku
sastl c kc abtlrvlbhaøb g`fanahc  icr p`rqul
p`rqul b` scdscdll kllr y kul
kuli`
i`
t`rac flk tlrcplutc.  p`rqul
 p`rq ul "kll lb kuicrkuicr fl prls
prlstcr
tcr
(^b g`glbt` p`stlra`r fl kc  ctlbhaøb
 ctlb haøb'.
'.
slsaøb. Gcbfy kac lstcf` klylbf`
trcbquakcglbtl.)  Gcbfy
 Gcbfy::  Hucbf` kkliu
kkliuáá ck nabck.
 G`bt ckv` :   C pr`pøsat`, pcrlhl  Lk tlrcplutc
tlrcplutc vulkvl
vulkvl c Gcb
Gcbfyfy Xló`rc  I`rflb:  Ck nabck.
qul c Gcbfy kl lbhcbtc kllr, c ub ãrlc blutrck fl abtlrchhaøb  Gcbfy
 Gcbfy::  Cjc.
°b` ls csç0 h`rralbtl. Xló`rc I`rflb:  Dulb`, °quá
Xló`rc   I`rflb:   B` sá, b` ls lstcdcs mchalbf`0 °Klyábf`k` fl
t`y sliurc saqualrc fl qul lstá bulv`0 °Garãbf`k`, ` quá0
klylbf` lsl kadr`.  Gcbfy::  Klyábf`k`
 Gcbfy Klyá bf`k` fl vulktc.
 G`bt ckv` :   °_`r quá b` k` cvl  Ch.   Tcstrl` fl ub mlhm`, kc Xló`rc H`rflb:
H`rflb: °_`r quá k`
raiucg`s0 °_`r quá b` k` cvlra klhturc fl kc baóc, y trcbsnlrlbhac klls0 °_`r quá b` prlstcs ctlb
iuc0 °_ulfl mchlrkmchlrk`0
`0 °_ulfl kllr
kllr flk gasg` c ubc pulstc lb juli` haøb0
k` pcrc ustlf0 fl pcutcs trcbschha`bckls.  G`btc kv`:  Lkkc lstcdc klylbf`
 G`btckv`: Lk  tlrcplutc flnalbfl c Gcb-
Cl. \takazc ubc tcrlc pcrc lb- guy dalb. fy. Lb  lstl g`glbt` ák y kc sl
gcrhcr kc abtlrchhaøb gcfrl-majc.  ó`rc I`rf
I`rflb
lb sl lbhlbhulb
ulbtrcb
trcb lb
Xló`rc I`rflb:  Dulb`, °pulfls vulkt`s lb ubc tulst` p`r lk p`flr
kllr lsl kadr`0 lb kc qul Gcbfy ls k` prlbfc.
fy:  Xç.
 Gcbfy:
 Gcb  Lb lstc satucha
satuchaøb
øb k` slólb
slólb I`t
Xló`rc I`rflb:  °Ls tu kadr`
kadr` fl lcb  sl `p`u` lb lk nrchcs` fl
klhturc0  Gcbfy
 Gcbfy.. Chl
Chlptc
ptc kc h`gpltl
h`gpltlbha
bhacc fl
 Gcbfy:  Cjc.
 Gcbfy:  Gcbfy
 Gcbfy
 fldaf` h`g`
 fldaf` qul ub
c qul ubc
lkc tlrcplu
flrr`tc
flrr
tlrc `tctc pr`pa`,
plutc pr`p
cp`a`,
cp`yc
yc
Xló`rc I`rflb:  Dulb`, kálk`.
(Gcbfy kll.)  B` tl `ai`.  c Gcbfy
Gcbfy.. Lk tlrcplu
tlrcplutc
tc lstá k`-

83? 833

 ircbf` ub halrt
 ircbf` halrt`` h`b`haga
h`b`hagalbt`
lbt` lx Xló`rc H`rflb: Kálk`.
 plraglbtc
 plraglbtckk fl kc lstruhtu
lstruhturc
rc ncg
ncga
a (klylbf`):  "K`s trls
 Gcbfy (klylbf`):
 Gcbfy
kacr. Kc
 haøb flkgasgc slhulbhac,
tlrcplutc
tlrcplutc cs`hac
h`b Gcbfy,
Gcb fy, `s`s. Lrcsl ubc vlz trls `s`s qul
vavçcb lb lk d`squl. \b `s` lrc
 ctcqul fl kc sló`rc I`rflb
 ctcqul I`rflb h`b lk _cpã @s`. \bc `sc lrc kc Gc
 trc Gcbfy,
Gcbfy, sl pr`fupr`fuj`j` h`b cbtl gã @s`".
 ra`rafcf,
 ra`ra fcf, plr` b` tuv` ubc abtlb abtlb  G`btckv`
 G`b tckv`::  ¡ Guy dalb, Gcbfy,
 safcf sunahalbtl
sunahalbtl h`g` pcrc abfu abfu guy dalb!
 har ck tlrcplutc
tlrcplutc c hcgdacr
hcgdacr fl ch Xló`rc I`rflb:  Dulb`, pulfl
 tatuf.. Cm`
 tatuf Cm`rcrc cprlm
cprlmlbfl
lbfl lk mlhm
mlhm`` kllr lst` guy dalb.
 fl qul kc sló`rc
sló`rc I`rflb trc trcbsn`
bsn`r
r G`btckv`: _lr` garl. Garl, kl Tl. Agatc lk g`f` fl chtucr
 gc lk cp`y`
cp`y` farlht` c Gcbfy
Gcbfy lb g`strcrá. "Xc, pulfl mchlr lst`. y fl mcdkcr fl kc sló`rc I`rflb.
ubc h`ckahaøb fl Gcbfy y lk tl Xc". °Suá pcsc h`b ustlf0 Ctchc c kc sló`rc I`rflb lb n`r
 rcplutc
 rcplu tc lb h`btrc
h`btrc suy`.
suy`. Ls p` gc farlhtc p`r su absastlbhac lb
 sadkl qul tlbic lk prlslbtag
prlslbtagalbt
albt`` gcbtlblr ubc h`bfuhtc hrçtahc.
 fl qul lstã
lstã rlhrlcbf`
rlhrlcbf` ubc lstruh Xló`rc  I`rflb:  °Suá qualrl
 turc ncgakac
ncgakacrr prlvac,
prlvac, cbtl
cbtlra`rg
ra`rglb
lb flhar h`b ls`0
 tl lxast
lxastlbtl
lbtl,, hucbf`
hucbf` lk pcfrl lrc  G`btckv`
 G`b tckv`::  Hcsa bcfc, qul lkkc Tl. G`fanah
G`fanahc
c su ctcqul h`btrc
ub galgdr` plrgcblbtl, y pul mchl guhmcs h`scs dalb. Xcdl, kll kc sló`rc I`rflb fahalbf` qul
 fl tlbl
tlblrr prlslbtl
prlslbtl lsl prlsl
prlslbta
bta guy dalb, ls cgast`sc, sab fufc k`s csplht`s p`satav`s fl Gcb
Gcbfy
fy
galbt`
galb t` pcrc vlranahcr
vlranahcrk`
k` p`stlra`r
p`stlra`r
 galbt` pcrc vlranahcrk`
 galbt` vlranahcrk` p`stlra`r
p`stlra`r ustlf maz` guhm` h`b lkkc. _`r gulstrcb kc chhaøb fl ubc dulbc
 glbtl.
 glb tl. _lr` p`r lk g`glbt`
g`glbt` lx qul b` lstã tcb ctrcscfc lb klh gcfrl. Lsc glzhkc fl hratahc h`b
 plraglbtc
 plrag lbtc ubc rlsastlbh
rlsastlbhac
ac ck cp` turc ba lb bcfc h`g` ustlf faj`. lk`ia` kl plrgatl c kc sló`rc I`r
 y` c Gcbfy.
Gcbfy. Fldl abh`r
abh`rp`rcr
p`rcr lstc
lstc flb chlptcr kcs hratahcs y kl plr
lxplralbhac lb su h`bfuhtc tlrc gatl tcgdaáb flnlbflrsl.
 páutahc.
 páutahc.
Xló`rc  I`rflb:  B`, dulb`, b`
lstã guy ctrcscfc.
Xló`rc I`rflb:  Dulb`,
Dulb`, lst` yc  G`btckv`
 G`b tckv`::  Xa.
k` mc klçf`.  Kc sló`rc
sló`rc I`rflb absa
absastl
stl lb b`
Xló`rc I`rflb:  Ls
L s sagpklglb
rçc G`b
 G`btckv`
vlrtckv`:   Dalb.
sa :lkkc °Q ustlf
p`fçc sliuarqul
kl tl qul b` pulf` lstcr h`btr`kãb  chlptcr k`s csplh
 chlptcr csplht`s
t`s p`satav`s
p`satav`s fl
f`kc t`f` lk talgp`. H`g` hucb  Gcbfy.
 Gcb fy. Ls p`sad
p`sadkl
kl qul sl trctl
trctl
ylbf`0 f` kc flj` crradc y dcj` pcrc mc  fl ubc fl kcs n`rgcs lb qul rls
Xló`rc I`rflb:  Xa. hlr cki`, lb f`s gabut`s ckiualb  p`bfll ck tlrcplutc
 p`bf tlrcplutc..
tckv`::  °_`r quá b` pruldc
 G`btckv`
 G`b pruldc  Tl.  Tlnulrzc su tcrlc cbtlra`r. gl kkcgc p`r cki` qul lkkc maz`.
c vlr sa pulfl0 tckv`::  °Suaáb kc kkcgc0
 G`btckv`
 G`b Flsvac ub ctcqul fl tap` "hma
Xló`rc I`rflb:  °Lstl ls lk na °G`bas0 v` lgascra`'' g`fanahcbf` lk h`b
bck0 tlbaf`, cktlrcbf` lk slbtagalbt` l
 Gcb fu:  Cjc.
 Gcbfu: abtr`fuhalbf` c `tr`s galgdr`s
Xló`rc I`rflb:  °Xcdls k` qul fl kc ncgakac.
ls0
 Gcbfy:
 Gcb fy:  Cjá. Xló`rc I`rflb: B`, b` søk`
Xló`rc I`rflb: °_ulfls kllr G`rras.
k`0 °Qc k` mcs klçf`0  G`btckv`:: °Suaáb0
 G`btckv`
Gcbfy: B`. Xló`rc I`rflb:  J`yhl, Flddal,
Xló`rc I`rflb:  °_ulfls
°_ulfls kllrk`0 t`f`s lkk`s.
fy:  Xa.
 Gcbfy:
 Gcb  G`btckv`
 G`b -.  K c úktagc vlz qu
tckv`-. qull

834 838

`hurraø cki` p`r lk lstak`, °quá rraø kcs `trcs b`hmls. _lr` b` lstã  fl Gcbfy
Gcbfy nul flsdcrc
flsdcrctcfc
tcfc ub
nul0 csustcfc fl gç. Lb rlckafcf gl  halr
 halrt`
t` búglr`
búglr` fl vlhl vlhls,
s, kc utaka
utaka
Xló`rc I`rflb:  Suazã h`g`  K`s mlrgcb`
mlrgcb`ss chuscb
chuscb c Gc Gcbfc
bfc,, hulbtc gãs qul J`yhl kcs h`scs  zchaøb
 zchaøb flk tlrcplu
tlrcplutc
tc fl kc pcupcutctc
hucbf` y` kc gcbfá crradc, kl fa  h`abhafalbf
 h`abhafalbf`` h`b kc sló`
sló`rc
rc I`r qul pcscb. @ sa b` valbl y gl  mcdatuc
 mcdatuckk fl "prl`hu
"prl`hupch
pchaøb'
aøb''' nul
 jl q
qul
ul ka
kagp
gpac
acsl
sl su mcd
mcdatc
atchaø
haøb.
b. Lb  flb.
 flb. Lb lstl pubt` fl ¡c vafc nc nc mcdkc fl k` qul pcsø lb kc lshul  chlptcf
 chlptcfcc p`r ¡c gcf
gcfrlrl y J`yh
J`yhll
t`bhls lst`s f`s fldçcb lstcr kag  gakacr
 gakacr Gcbfy
Gcbfy ls ub dulb dkcbh`.
dkcbh`. kc. _lr`
_lr ` J`yhl bubhc gl gl hulbtc  nul abh
abhkua
kuafc.
fc.
pacbf` kc mcdatchaøb. Gcbfy
Gcbfy b` Hucbf` k`s mlrgcb`s ck aiuck qul k` qul pcsø lb kc lshulkc.
mchl bcfc c glb`s
glb`s qul y` kc h`b kc gcfrl chuscb, kc cut`plrhlp-
 haøb flk hmav`
hmav` lga
lgascra
scra`` h`g`
h`g` lk  G`
 G`btc kv`:  Dulb`, ustlf fahl
btckv`:
tr`kl. J`yhl
J`y hl dcjø y faj`: "Gcga, qul lkkc b` lstã csustcfc y qul
Gcb
Gcbfyfy fahl qul b` vc c mchlr  huk
 hukpcd
pcdkl
kl sl rlnu
rlnulrzc
lrzc..
kl mcdkc. Valbl rczøb, s`b saib`s
bcfc". Q sa sud`, ls p`sadkl qul p`satav`s. °Valbl ckiubc aflc fl
J`yhl crrlikl k`s zcpct`s, galb p`r quá mchl h`scs pr`madafcs y
trcs Gcbfy k`s flscrrlikc, qul
qul b` fldlrçc mchlr0
J`yhl lstá h`kicbf` cki`, galb
trcs lkkc k` flshulkic. Xló`rc I`rflb:  Dulb`, chlrhc
fl ls` b` h`bsai` qul gl faic
 G`btc kv`:  K
 G``kvafcg`s
B`s btckv`: Klçstl
lçstl dalb, Gcbfy.
fl flharkl Gcb
qul fy.
kl  Ch.  Lk
gcfrl "b`s`tr`s"
c ubarsl abvatc c kc
ck tlrcplutc. bcfc. _lr`
_lr ` ubc vlz kl faj` c G`
rras qul kl iustcrçc arsl c vavar
yø dalb.
h`b lk pcfrl p`rqul ák kc fljcrçc
 Tl.  Hcgdac lk h`btlbaf`, hlb mchlr t`f` k` qul c lkkc kl iustc.
trãbf`k` lb ub ãrlc lb lk qul Dulb`, hucbf` lstuv` gl faj`
Gcbfy ls h`gpltlbtl. qul y` lrc flsh`bsaflrcfc h`b
Xló`rc  I`rflb:  Xa. Guy dalb.  Kc sló`rc
sló`rc I`rf
I`rflblb h`btlg
h`btlgp`ra
p`ra lkkc p`rqul b` kc fljcdc mchlr
 zc h`b lk tlrcplu
tlrcplutc,
tc, pr`d
pr`dcdk
cdklgl
lglb
b k` qul qulrçc.
qulrçc. _lr` ák b` k`s h`
 tl fldaf`
fldaf` c qul
qul c trcv
trcvás
ás flk lk`
lk` rrail dalb. _`r ljlgpk`, sa mchlb
 ia` fl Gcbfy
Gcbfy pulfl
pulfl rlstcdk
rlstcdklhlr
lhlr cki`, dulb`, sagpklglbtl k` mc
kc ckacbzc h`b ák. hlb. B` kl iustc qul rlhadcb pc
 G`btc
 G`btckv`:
kv`:  Nçjlsl, lst`y prl`hu  Tl.  Fljc lk n`h` fl Gcbfy pc kazcs ` qul slcb hcstaicf`s p`r
pcf` p`rqul, sab fufc, lstcg`s rc lxcgabcr c cgdcs mlrgcbcs y cki`. _lr` Flddal lstã lhmcfc c
fcbf` vulktcs pcrc vlr sa p`fl c sus vafcs cnlhtavcs. \takazø lstc plrflr. Q ls`, h`g` ls cm`rc, cb
g`s cvlraiucr k` qul pcsc. Q ls lstrctliac lb favlrscs `hcsa`bls tls lrc tlrradkl, b` sl kc p`fçc
t`y h`bvlbhaf` fl qul sl fldl furcbtl kc slsaøb. _crlhl lnlhtavc kklvcr' c babiúb kcf` p`rqul ub`
mchlr cki` pcrc qul ustlf sl furcbtl ub halrt` kcps`, y kuli` sl slbtçc guy g`klst`. Q h`g`
pulfc slbtar trcbquakc hucbf` sc kc n`hc kazc haøb fl Gcbfy h`g` lk cm`rc, ubc vlz Jlrry kc kklvø cnul
kl. Lkkc
Lk kc b` vc c mchlr h`scs csa úbah` pr`dklgc fl kc ncgakac rl rc ‖hucb
‖hucbf`f` ák s`kçc vlbar, cm`rc
hucbf` ustlf sckic. _lr`, scdl, cpcrlhl. b` valbl bubhc‖ y nulr`b fl
lst`y gãs prl`hupcf` p`rqul J`y h`gprcs ` cki` csç. Lbt`bhls
Lbt` bhls y`
hl ls ub p`h` tçgafc. B` ls søk` fajl: kc v`y c fljcr h`b ubc dcdy
Gcbfy. J`yhl ls cki` tçgafc y b` sattlr p`rqul b` qualr` kklvcrkc,
mcdkc, y gl pcrlhl qul Gcbfy p`rqul sá høg` sl h`gp`rtc hucb
lstã ub p`h` csustcfc. f` lstã h`btai`. _lr` ák faj`:
Xló`rc I`rflb:  B`, lkkc b` gl  Kc sló`rc
sló`rc I`rflb chchlptc
lptc kc lx "Su
"Sualr`
alr` qul vcyc". Lbt`bh
Lbt`bhlsls kc
talbl galf`. _r`dcdklglbtl lstã  tlbsaøb
 tlbsaøb fl kc prl`
prl`hup
hupcha
chaøb
øb flk fljá ar. Lbt`bhls lbtrá lb ub bl
csustcfc
csustcfc c cm`rc
m`rc p`r k` qu qul.
l. .. ls`  tlrc
 tlrcplu
plutc
tc l abh
abhkuy
kuyll c J`yhl
J`yhl h`g`
h`g` i`ha`
Q lkkcpcrc h`gprcr
qulrçc ckiubcs
cki` ckkç. Q y`h`scs.
fajl:
ls k` qul gl pcrlhl. Gl pcrlhl  pr`dklg
 pr`d klgc.
c. Gal
Galbtr
btrcs
cs kc lstr
lstrctl
ctliac
iac
qul lstã csustcfc p`r k` qul `hu-  fl sudrcycr
sudrcycr k`s csplht`s
csplht`s p`satav`s
p`satav`s "Dulb`,
"Dul b`, Flddal, b` ls pcrc v`s".

836 83<

Q lkkc lbt`bhls sl tarø lb lk pas` flr k`s pcplkls mcstc qul lkkc sl rc kc sló`rc I`rflb y Gcbfy s`
y h`glbzø c tarcr t`fcs kcs d`tl salbtc høg`fc. Xa kk`rc, ustlf fl
kkcs fl k`haøb flk lstcbtl. Jlrry  jc fl juicr.
juicr. °Fl ch
chul
ulrf`
rf`00 kcs yubc
lb kc sló`rc I`rflb
p`sahaøb fl fcrls udahcfc
cki` c
b` quas`
quas` qul kl plicsl: "B` kl Gcbfy. Lstc
Lstcss hcrchtlrçstahcs fl kc
pliuls.
pliul s. Lsplrc mcstc qul kkliulb tcrlc abtlbtcb hrlcr ub h`btlxt`
c hcsc. Lsplrc
Lsplr c mcstc qul kkl lb lk qul kc gcfrl y kc majc utaka
iul
iulb b c hcsc". Lbt`bhls
Lbt`bhls . . . zcfc h`g` hmav` lgascra` pulflb
 G`btc
 G`btckv`:
kv`:  °H`b Gcbfy pcscdc lbh`btrcrsl lb ubc satuchaøb fls
k` gasg`0 ch`stugdrcfc lb kc ncgakac. Kc
Xló`rc  I`rflb:  B`, bubhc chch  sló`rc I`rflb ls h`gpltlbtl y
tuø csç. kl fc cki` c Gcbfy5 Gcbfy rlha
 G`btc
 G`btckv`:
kv`:  Sualr` flhar, Jlrry  Tl.  Lxpk`rc kc utakazchaøb fl k`
k`ss dl y chlptc cyufc p`r pcrtl fl
y ustlf tlbçcb guhmcs fashusa` maj`s h`g` flsva` flk h`bnkaht` su gcfrl.
bls p`r... gcraf`-gujlr. Xló`rc I`rflb:  Fl chulrf`.
Xló`rc  I`rflb:  @m, dulb`, ák G`btckv`: B` mcic flaaw-acf`.
b` qulrçc qul y` kl fajlsl bcfc  Tl.  Csliurc kc h``plrchaøb fl
°Valbl ub` fl ls`s rlk`jat`s fl Gcbfy flshradalbf` kc tcrlc h`
c lkkc. crlbc0 °Fl ls`s pcrc mchlr k`s
 G`btc kv`:  Lbtalbf`. °Lbt`bhls
 G`btckv`: g` ub juli` lb lk qul lkkc flslg
mulv`s0 plóc ub pcplk lsplhack. Flspuás
mcdçc guhm`s pr`dklgcs lbtrl us
Xló`rc  I`rflb:  Xç. fl mcdlr k`ircf` qul kc sló`rc
tlf y Jlrry p`r k`s hmah`s0 Lk b`
qulrçc qul ustlf kls fajlsl bcfc  G`btc
 G`btckv`:
kv`:  Mãick` furcbtl falz I`rflb chlptl kc tcrlc, pulfl mc
c lkk`s. gabut`s, b` gãs. _ulfl mchlrk` dkcr lb n`rgc farlhtc c Gcbfy y
furcbtl falz gabut`s. °Xcdls, pr`g`vlr ubc h`bfuhtc lfuhctavc
Xló`rc I`rflb:
I`rflb: B`, b` qulrçc Gcbfy, quá vc c mchlr gcga h`b mchac lkkc ck gasg` talgp` qul
qul k`s rltcsl. Lbt`bhls • • • v`s0 Lshuhmc, G`rras, p`rqul vcs kl csaibc ubc tcrlc qul pulfl
 G`btc
 G`btckv`:kv`:  °Suaáb lrc lk ncv`  Tl.  Lxpk`rc kc h`ckahaøb c trc c tlblr qul huafcr c J`yhl y c kklicr c slr strlsscbtl. Xudrcyc lk
rat` fl Jlrry0 ( Kc gcfrl slóckcslóckc.)
.) vás fl kçgatls ilblrcha`bckls y Flddal. Xøk` Gcbfy vc c juicr. mlhm` fl qul Gcbfy ls h`gpl
°Gcbfy0 Gl pcrlhçc. Gl prliub rlckazc abtlrprltcha`bls agpkçhatcs Vú b` pulfls juicr, y tú b` pul tlbtl y fldl ljlrhlr lsc h`gpl
t ` . . . °^c c trcdcjc
trcdcjcrr lstc b
b`hml
`hml00 rlnlrlbtls c Gcbfy h`g` pcrtl fls juicr. °Dalb0 Vú lrls kc úba tlbhac lb rlkchaøb h`b su gcfrl.
fl ubckc h`ckahaøb
h`btrc gcfrl. pcfrl-Gcbfy hc qul pulfl juicr h`b gcgã. Kc tcrlc cpubtckc lk kuicr hlbtrck
Gcga tl vc c lbslócr c juicr h`b fl kc sló`rc I`rflb, plr` abtlbtc
Xló`rc I`rflb:  °Lstc b`hml0 nøsn`r`s pcrc qul b` tl qulgls hrlcr ub bulv` lstak` fl abtlrch
Xç. ba qulgls bcfc. °Dalb0 °Kl vcs haøb lbtrl kc sló`rc I`rflb y
 G`btc kv`:  °C quá m`rc, gas `
 G`btckv`: c lbslócr t`f` k` qul scdls0 °Kl Gcbfy.
glb`s0 vcs c lbslócr t`f` k` qul scdls s`
Xló`rc I`rflb:  Dulb`,
Dulb`, kls fajl drl . . . 0 °Xcdls
°Xcdls prlbflrk`s0
prlbflrk`s0 (Xl
qul adc c kklicr tcrfl.  crr`fakkc
 crr` fakkc ck kcf` fl GcbfyGcbfy,, pck
 G`
 G`btc kv`:  Gl iustcrçc qul
btckv`: qul nul  Tl.  Agp`bl ubc tcrlc pcrc lk  glãbf`
 glãbf`kl kl lk drcz`.)
drcz`.)
sl c su hcsc y trcjlsl lk juli` m`icr. Kc tcrlc lstã cpubtcfc søk`  Gcbfy
 Gcbfy::  Xç.
fl quçgahc. Q G`rras pulfl ar pcrc f`s galgdr`s. C k`s `tr`s  G`btc
 G`btckv`:kv`:  Dulb`, guástrckl t`  Tl.  \takazc lk h`btcht` nçsah`
y huafcr c J`yhl y c Flddal p`r galgdr`s sl kls csaibc ubc tcrlc f` k` qul scdls. °Dalb0 Cm`rc gl pcrc rln`rzcr su tcrlc. Hrlc abta
ub rct`. Q c ga gl iustcrçc qul fanlrlbtl, k` qul fljcrã c kc sl iustcrçc qul s`stlbics kc gcb` gafcf y cnlht
cnlht`` p`satav` lb rlkc
ustlf kklvcsl c Gcbfy y kl lb ó`rc I`rflb y c Gcbfy s`kcs. Kc fl gcga. °Dalb0 Cm`rc gcga tl haøb h`b ub h`btlbaf` qul agpka
slócsl høg` gcbljcrsl h`b k`s tcrlc ls flshraptc lb fltckkl h`b vc c lbslócr c juicr h`b nøsn`r`s hc kc lnahcz ljlhuhaøb fl tcrlcs
nøsn`r`s sab qulgcrsl ` høg` tárgab`s h`rralbtls, h`b ub t`b` sab kcstagcrtl y sab kcstagcr c y kc lvatchaøb flk f`k`r.
prlbflrr nuli`. \stlf pulfl prlb-
prlbfl p`satav`. Xl trctc
tr ctc fl ub juli` pc- bcfal. °Dalb0

83> 839

 Gc bfy:   Xa.


 Gcbfy:
 G`
 G`btc
btckv`:
kv`: ^lt`  søk` falz ga  Tl.  Najc ub kagatl c kc tcrlc lk`iac su csplht`, ck aiuck qul c J`yhl p`r pcrlhlr salgprl
p`rqul scdl qul lk h`btcht` pr`
but`s. °Dalb0
k`bicf` lbtrl kc Xló`rc H`rflkµ h`btlbtc, y kl prliubtc c kc gcfrl huãbt` talgp` kl kklvc
y Gcbfy pulfl sushatcr gãs nrah vlstar c k`s baó`s fl gcócbc. Lk tlrcplutc abahac csç kc slsaøb
ha`bls. chtucbf` h`g` cbnatraøb, mchalbf` slbtar høg`fc c kc ncgakac.
fy:  Xa.  (Kc sló`rc I`
 Gcbfy:
 Gcb I`rflb
rflb ncgakac   (gagltasg`).
Vcgdaáb rlsp`bfl ck mug`r fl kc ncgakac 
 fljc  sus
sus  gcb`s.)
 G`btc kv`:  Dulb`. Xcdlb, gl
 G`btckv`: Cl. Mchac
Mch ac lk nabck fl kc slsaøb
iustcrçc vlr c kc ncgakac ubc vlz pkcbtlc flnabatavcglbtl ck pr`dkl
gc h`g` pr`dklgc ncgakacr.  G`btc kv`:  Gcbfy pcrlhl tcb
 G`btckv`: Lk  tlrcplutc csugl kc rlsp`b
p`r slgcbc. °Kls valbl dalb lstc fanlrlbtl m`y, tcb nlkaz.  scda
 scdakafc
kafcff fl kc trcbsahaø
trcbsahaøb
b c kc sl
m`rc0 Suazã p`fcg`s ar flspcha` Xló`rc I`rflb:  Lstã cki` fa  saøb
 saøb.. Kc sló`rc
sló`rc I`rflb
I`rflb chlptø
chlptø lk
h`b t`f` lst`. _`rqul gl pcrlhl nlrlbtl m`y. Xup`b
Xup`bi`
i` qul lkkc ls  pkcbtl`
 pkcb tl` flk tlrc
tlrcplut
plutc.
c.
h`g` sa mcy guhmcs `trcs h`scs tcdc, kc slgcbc pcscfc, gl lb Xu flshraphaøb fl Gcbfy sudrc
qul b` lbtalbf`
lbtalbf` pcrc bcfc. Suazã talbfl, abqualtc p`r k` qul mcdçc  yc lk cnl
cnlht`
ht` fl kc baó
baóc.
c.
pulfcb
qul cyufcrgl
`hurrl. c prl`hupcf`
Lst`y tcb lbtlbflr k` pcscf`.
p`r J`yhl, nrcbhcglbtl, h`g` us  G`btc
 G`btckv`:
kv`:  °Høg` sl gcbljø  Ch.  Cp`yc c kc sló`rc I`rflb
tlfls k` lstãb p`r Gcbfy, cubqul ustlf0 Gl pcrlhaø guy kabf` k` y sudrcyc kc h`btabuafcf fl su
lvaflbtlglbtl k` qul `hurraø h`b qul gl h`btø p`r tlkln`b`. rlkchaøb.
Gcbfy ls guy agp`rtcbtl, p`r Xló`rc  I`rflb:  Xa. Dulb`, k`
qul kc hcsc sl mudalsl p`faf` qul `hurraø, lkkc tlbac lk pcqul-
qulgcr. _lr` pcsc cki` csa h`g` tat` cdalrt` y nr`tø lk nøsn`r`.
sa ustlf tuvalsl qul lstcr cmç Lkkc ls zurfc. Lbt`bhls k` mchl
hucbf` b` lstã, gl lbtalbfl. B` mchac ctrãs fl huckqualr g`f`.
mcy sckafc. Valbl qul lbslócrkl c  G`b tckv`::  Fájcgl vlr, Gcbfy,
 G`btckv` Ch. Lstcdklhl h`btcht` h`b
Gcbfy c huafcrsl glj`r. guástrcgl tu azqualrfc. (Lkk(L kk c  kl Gcbfy c trcvás fl ubc h`guba
vcbtc su gcb` azqualrfc.) hchaøb cflhucfc c su lfcf.
Xló`rc I`rflb:  Q lkkc nr`tø k`s  Kc flshrapha
flshraphaøb
øb fl kc sló`rc
sló`rc
Kc lbtrlvastc sl pr`k`bic furcbtl habh` gabut`s gãs. Lk nøsn`r`s y prlbfaø t`f` lk pc I`rflb sl rlnalrl c ubc agpkl-
tlrcplutc rlpkcbtlc lk ãrlc fl kc rlkchaøb gcraf`-gujlr, slóc qultl, rcdl. Q ástl, sup`bi` qul  glbtcha
 glb tchaøb
øb lnahcz
lnahcz fl kc tcrlc.
tcrlc. Fls
kc qulgø, ub p`quat`, lbt`bhls  hradl
 hradl cm`rc
cm`rc lk abhl
abhlbfa`
bfa` pr`v`
pr`v`hcf`
hcf`
kcbf` qul n`rgcrã pcrtl fl kcs slsa`bls. Kl fahl c kc sló`rc l'kc k` fljø hclr, k` crr`jø.  p`r Gcbfy
Gcbfy h`g`
h`g` ub chhaflb
chhaflbtl
tl `
I`rflb qul pr`tljc guhm` c Gcbfy furcbtl k`s falz gabut`s  nckt
 ncktcc fl h`gpltl
h`gpltlbhac
bhac y b` yc
qul furl kc tcrlc. Kl pafl c kc gcfrl qul k` kkcgl ck fçc sa  h`g`
 h`g` gcklgcklv`kl
v`klbhac
bhac..
iualbtl pcrc h`btcrkl høg` trcbshurraø kc tcrlc, y kl fahl  G`btckv`:  Cpcrlbtlglbtl us
 G`btckv`:  Ch.  ^abhukc lk pr`irls` fl
tlf maz` ub dulb trcdcj`, valbf` Gcbfy h`b kc h`gpltlbhac fl kc
qul pulfl kkcgcrk` lb huckqualr g`glbt`. Kc gcfrl cd`nl quá lrc k` qul lstcdc gck y lb sló`rc I`rflb, gcbtlbalbf` lk
tlc c Flddal y ák kl fahl qul kcs slsa`bls pulflb cyufcrkc slóãbf`kl. kuicr hlbtrck fl kc sló`rc I`rflb
c slr glb`s blrva`sc y tlbsc h`b k`s baó`s. Kc gcfrl chlptc lb kc lstruhturc ncgakacr.
trcdcjcr lb rlkchaøb h`b lstl pr`dklgc. Tl. \bl c kc sló`rc I`rflb
y c Gcbfy lb ub sudsastlgc qul
Naiurc
h`b c h`btabuchaøb
kc gasgc ncgakac ubcubcslgcbc
pcrtl flspuás.
fl kc sliubfc lbtrlvastc
Lk tlrcplutc h`
ls irctanahcf`r pcrc kc sló`rc I`r
flb, g`fanahcbf` kcs trcbschha`
bls cbtlra`rls fl tap` "hmav` lga
galbzc p`r prliubtcr c kc sló`rc I`rflb sa qualrl hcná. Kl scra`". Tlnulrzc kcs bulvcs trcb
schha`bls.
83= 831

tlst` flk sudsastlgc rlhaáb flna


Xló`rc I`rflb'. Cjc.
baf` sló`rc I`rflb-Gcbfy. Lk
G`btckv`:
cm`rc   salbtl
qul  lkkc°Xlscdl høg`sliurc
gc áxat` fl kc tcrlc fcrã cp`y` ck
vabhuk` p`satav` lbtrl k`s galg
bljcrsl glj`r0 dr`s flk sudsastlgc.
Xló`rc  I`rflb: Xa, guhm` gl
 j`r.
 j`r. (X`
(X`br çl  sctasnlhmc.)
brçl  Gcbfy..  °Cm`rc0
 Gcbfy
 G`btc
 G`btck``
k``:: °Tlckglbtl0  G`btc
 G`btckv`:
kv`:  °\b` dulb`0 °H` Tl. Gcbtalbl kc bulvc lstruh
Xló`rc  I`rflb:   Xa. g` gcga tl lbslóø0 Dalb. Cqua. turc ncgakacr, fasgabuylbf` kc
G`btck``: Dulb`, huãbtcs... Ch. Cp`yc c Gcbfy, p`b p`balbf`
albf` Mchák` cqua. Cm`rc fájcgl ^lr.
^lr. fastcbhac lbtrl kc sló`rc I`rflb
°_rchtahcr`b guhm`0 °_rchtahcstl lk chlbt` lb lk trcdcj` h`bjubt`. °_ulfl mchlrk` dalb0 °Kc vc c y Gcbfy, h`bvartalbf` c kc sló`
guhm` h`b gcgã0 cyufcr, b`0 °Xab qulgcrtl, lm0 rc I`rflb lb kc csastlbtl.
 Tl.  Cp`yc ck bulv` sudsastlg
sudsastlgc
c Dalb. °_`r quá b` sl chlrhc gãs
tcgdaáb c trcvás flk galgdr` gãs c lkkc csç kc cyufc0 (Kc  sló`rc
 j`v
 j`vlb
lb.. H`crtlb  y G`btckv` hcgdacb fl
 Gcbfy
 Gcbfy::  Xç.  csalbt`
 csalbt`.. Gcbfy
Gcbfy lbhalb
lbhalbfl
fl nul
nuli`
i`
G`btckv`: °Xa0 °H`b quá nrl lb ub hlbahlr`.)
hulbhac0  G`btc
 G`btckv`:
kv`:  ¡Guy dalb!
Xló`rc I`rflb:  Dulb`, k` mahl  Kc sló`
sló`rc
rc I`rflb
I`rflb rlsp`bf
rlsp`bfll ck Xló`rc  I`rflb:  B` fljls qul
t`f
t`f`s
`s k`s
k`s fçcs
fçcs.. C vlhl
vlhlss y ` . . .  cp`
 cp`y`
y` flk tlrc
tlrcplu
plutc
tc flsh
flshrada
radalbf
lbf``

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