1.) If 5.

6 m³ of oil weighs 46,800 N, calculate the following

1 Unit weight
2 Density
3 Specific gravity

Solution
1 Unit weight
Ƴw = 46,800.00
5.60
= 8,357.14 N/m³
2 Density
Density = 8,357.14
9.81
= 851.90 Kg/m³
3 Specific gravity
sp.gr. = 851.90
1,000.00
= 0.85

2.) of 1200 kg is 0.952 m³. Compute the following

de havinf a mass
1 mass density
2 specific weight
3 specific gravity

Solution
weight = 1200 (9.81)
weight = 1172 N
weight = 11.77

1 mass density
ρ = m 1200
=
v 0.952
= 1,260.50 kg/m³
2 specific weight
Ƴ = w 11.77
=
v 0.952
= 12.36 KN/m³
3 Specific gravity
sp.gr. = Unit weight of glycerine
Unit weight of H2O
sp.gr. = 12.36
9.81
 = 1.26

3.) A certain liquid has a unit weight of 56 KN/m³

1 Compute the mass density
2 Compute its specific volume
3 Compute its specific volume

Solution
1 Mass density
ρ = 56,000.00
9.810
= 5,708.46 Kg/m³
2 Specific volume
sp.vol. = 1.00
ρ
= 1.00
5,708.46
= 0.000175 m³/kg
3 Specific gravity
sp.gr. = 56.00
9.81
= 5.71

4.) An obbject has a specific weight of 2.23 KN/m³ Compute the following.
1 Mass density
2 Mass if the volume is 0.001 m³
3 specific volume

Solution
1 Mass density
ρ = 2,230.00
9.810
ρ = 227.32 Kg/m³
2 M = ρVol.
= 227.32 x 0.001
M = 0.23 kg
3 Specific volume
sp.vol. = 1.00
ρ
= 1.00
227.32
sp.vol. = 0.004399 m³/kg
5.) A quart of water weighs 4.08-ib. Compute the following:
1 Mass in slugs
2 Mass in kg
3 Volume in cu.f

Solution
1 Mass in slugs
W = mg
4.08 = m(32.2)
m = 4.08
32.20
m = 0.13 slugs
2 Mass in kg
m = 0.1267 32.20
2.20
m = 1.85 kg
3 Volume in cu.f
w = ƴVol.
4.08 = 62.40 Vol.
Vol = 0.07 f³

6.) A 10 m. diam. Cylindrical tank has a height of 5 M. and is full at 20 °C ( Unit weight of water =
9.789 kN/m³) if the water is heated to a temperature of 50 °C (Unit weight of water = 9.689 kN/m³)
1 Compute the weight of water
2 What is the final volume when heated to a temp. of 50 °C.
3 determine the volume of water that will spill over the edge of the tank.

Solution
1 Weight of water
V1 = Ah Dia H
A = Π/4 (10²) 10 5
= 78.54 m²
V1 = 392.70
W1 = V1D1 V1 D1
= 3,844.14 392.7 9.789

2 Final volume when heated a temp. W2 D2

w2 = V2D2 3844.14 9.689
V2 = 396.75 m³
3 Volume of water V1 V2
∆V = V2 - V1 392.7 396.75
= 4.05 m³
7.) A liquid which is compressed in a cylinder having a volume of I liter at one MN/m² and volume
of 995 m³ at 2 MN/m².
1 Compute the change in volume
2 Compute the change in pressure
3 Compute the bulk modulus of elasticity

Solution
1 Change in Volume
∆V = 995-1000
= 5.00 liters
2 Change in pressure
∆P = 2-1
1 Mpa
3 Bulk modulus of elasticity
E = ̶̶ ∆P
∆V
V
E = −( 2−1 )
(995−1000)
1,000.00
E = 200.00 Mpa

8.) A gas having a volume of 40 liters has a pressure of 0.24 Mpa at 24 °C. If the gas constant R is equal
to 212 M.N./kg.k, compute
1 density of the gas
2 mass of the gas
3 Weight of gas

Solution
ρ = P
RT
T = 273° + C°
T = 273 + 24
T = 297 K
1 ρ = 0.24 (10)⁶
212 (297)
ρ = 3.81 Kg/m³

2 m = ρV
m = 3.81 (0.04)
m = 0.52 kg

3 W = Mg
 W = 0.152 (9.81)
W = 1.49 N

9.) A gas is under pressure of 21.868 bar abs at 40°C.

1 Compute the pressure in kPa
2 Compute the gage pressure.
3 Compute the gas constant R if it has a unit weight of 362 N/m³

Solution
1 Pressure in kPa
P = 21.868 (100)
= 2,186.80 kPa abs
2 Gage pressure
Pabs = Pgage + Patm
2186.8 = Pgage + 101.3
Pgage = 2,085.50 kPa
3 Gas constant R :
ƴ = P
g
RT
P =21.868 x 10⁵ N/m²
Note :
1 bar = 10⁵Pa = 100 kPa

362 = 21.868 x 10⁵

9.81
R(40 + 273)
R = 189.30 m²/s² k

10.) 1 Find the depression h of the mercury in the glass capillary tube having diameter of 2mm if the
surface tension is 0.514 N/m for Ɵ = 40°.
2 Compute the force caused by surface tension.
3 Determine the density of the mercury.

Solution
h = 2 Ơ Cos Ɵ
ρgr
ρ = 13.6 (9810)
9.81
ρ = 13,600.00 Kg/m³

h = 2(0.514)Cos 40°
13600(9.81)(0.001)
h = 0.0059 M
h = 5.90 mm
 1 Depression h:
h = 5.90 mm
2 Force caused by surface tension
F = Ơ Π d CosƟ
F = 0.51Π(0.002)(Cos 40°)
F = 2.47 x 10 ¯³ N
3 Density of mercury
ρ = 13,600.00 Kg/m³

11.) A pressure gage at elev. 12M at the side of the tank containing a liquid reads 100 kPa. Another gauge
at elevation 7 m. reads 140 kPa.
1 Compute the specific weight of the liquid.
2 Compute the density of the liquid.
3 Compute the specific gravity of the liquid.

Solution
1 Specific weight
140 + 100 + w(5)
w = 8 kN/m³
2 Density
ρ = 8,000.00
9.81
= 815.49 Kg/m³
3 Sp.gr. = 8.00
9.81
= 0.82

12.) An open tank contain 5.7 m. of water covered with 2.8 m of kerosene having a unit weight of 8 kN/m³
If the diam. Of the tank is 1m.

1 Find the pressure at the interface of water and kerosene.

2 Find the pressure at the bottom of the tank
3 Find the total force at the bottom of the tank.

Solution
1 Pressure at interface
PA = 2.8 (8)
= 22.40 kPa
2 Pressure at the bottom
PB = 22.4 + 9.81 (5.7)
= 78.32 kPa
3 Total force at the bottom of the tank
F = (78.32) Π(1)²/Π
 = 61.51 kN

13.)
gasoline sp.gr. = 0.90 and sea water sp.gr. = 1.03. If the depths of the
liquids are 0.5 m. , 0.80 m. and 1 m for oil, gasoline and sea water respectively.

1 Find the pressure at a depth of 1.2m

2 Find the pressure at a depth of 1.8m
3 Find the pressure at the bottom of the the tank.
Solution
1 Pressure at a depth of 1.2 m.
P = 9.81 (0.8) (0.5) + 9.81 (0.90) (0.70)
= 10.10 kN/m²
2 Pressure at a depth of 1.8 m.
P = 9.81 (0.8) (0.5) + 9.81 (0.90) (0.80) + 9.81 (1.03) (0.5)
= 16.04 kN/m²
3 Pressure at the bottom of the tank
P = 9.81 (0.8) (0.5) + 9.81 (0.90) (0.80) + 9.81 (1.03) (1)
= 21.09 kN/m²

14.) A pressure gauge at elevation of 8m at the side of a tank containing a liquid reads 80 kPa.
Another gauge at elevation 3m reads 120 kPa. Compute for the
1 Specific weight
2 density
3 Specific gravity

Solution
1 Specific weight
120 = 80 + 5w
w = 8.00 KN/m³
2 density
density = 8,000.00
9.81
= 815.49 Kg/m³
3 Specific gravity
sp.gr. = 815.49
1,000.00
= 0.82

15.) The pressure on a closed tank reads 58.86 kPa.

1 What is the equivalent height of water
2 What is the equivalent height in terms of oil having a sp.gr. Of 0.85?
3 What is the equivalent height in terms of mercury having a sp.gr. Of 13.6
 Solution
1 Height in water
P = Ƴwh
58.86 = 9.81h
h = 6 m.
2 Height in oil
P = Ƴwh
58.86 = 9.81 (0.85)h
h = 7.06 m. of oil
3 Height in mercury
P = Ƴwh
58.86 = 9.81 (13.6)h
jh = 0.44m of Hg

16.) The unit weight of a liquid is variable and is given in kN/m³ and "h" is the depth of liquid from the
free surface in meters. Determine the gauge pressure in kPa at a depth of 5 m.

Solution :
ƴ = 10 + 0.5h
dP = ƴdh
dp = ( 10 + 0.5h ) dh
P = 10h + 0.5 h²
2.00
P = 10(5) + 0.5
* (5)²
2.00
P = 56.25 kPa

17.) The pressure in a gas tank is 2.75 atmospheres. Compute the pressure head in meters of water.

Solution :
pabs = Pgage + Patm
Pgauge = 2.75 - 1
Pgauge = 2.75 atm.
1 atm. = 101.33 kPa
P = 1.75 (101.325 )
P = ƴh
177.32 = 9.81h
h = 18.00 m.

18.) A presure in a given tank reads 277 mm of Hg.

1 Determine the equivalent height of column of water.
2 Determine the equivalent height of column of kerosine sp.gr. = 0.82
3 Determine the equivalent height of column of nectar sp.gr. = 2.94
 Solution :
1 Height of water
0.277 (13.6)(9.81) = h(9.81)
h = 3.77 m.
2 Height of kerosine
sp.gr. = 0.82
0.277(13.6)(9.81) = h(0.82)(9.81)
h = 4.59 m.
3 Height of nectar
sp.gr. = -2.94
0.277(13.6)(9.81) = h(2.94)(9.81)
h = 1.28 m.

19.) A mercury barometer at the base of the same time, another barometer at the top of a
mountain reads 450 mm. Assuming w of air is to be constant at 10 N/m³, what is the
appropriate height of the mountain.

Solution :
P2 = P1 + wh
P2 - P 1 = 10h
9810(13.6)(0.62)-9810(13.6)(0.45) = 10h
h = 2,268.00 m.

20.) If the atmospheric pressure is 101.3 kPa. And the absolute pressure at the bottom of the
tank as shown in the figure is 231.3 kPa.
ƳH2O = 9.79 kN/m³
1 What is the specific gravity of the olive oil.
2 What is the absolute pressure at the interface of the olive oil and mercury.
3 What is the gage pressure at the interface of the olive oil and the mercury.

Solution :
1 Specific gravity of olive oil.
101.30 + 9.79 (.89)(1.5) + 9.79(2.5) + 9.79(S)(2.9) + 13.6(6.79)(0.4) = 2.31.3
28.449(sp.gr) = 39.0123
Sp.gr. = 1.37 (sp.gr. Of olive oil)
2 Absolute pressure at the interface of olive oil and mercury.
Pabs = 101.3 + 9.81(0.89)(1.5) + 9.81(2.5) + 9.81(1.37)(2.9)
= 177.90 kPa.
3 Gage pressure at the interface of olive oil and mercury.
Pgage = 9.81(0.89)(1.5) + 9.81(2.5) + 9.81(1.37)(2.9)
= 76.60 kPa.