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Structure & Written Expression - Reading Compre

The passage discusses the agricultural revolution in the United States during the early 1800s. It mentions how Thomas Jefferson observed that Europe was changing more quickly than the US due to agricultural advances. The iron plow was invented in the early 1800s, helping farmers cultivate larger areas of land. Charles Newbold spent his own money promoting his invention, the horseshoe cultivator, which contributed to increased farm productivity.

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155 views17 pages

Structure & Written Expression - Reading Compre

The passage discusses the agricultural revolution in the United States during the early 1800s. It mentions how Thomas Jefferson observed that Europe was changing more quickly than the US due to agricultural advances. The iron plow was invented in the early 1800s, helping farmers cultivate larger areas of land. Charles Newbold spent his own money promoting his invention, the horseshoe cultivator, which contributed to increased farm productivity.

Uploaded by

Maryono
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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A.

STRUCTURE & WRITTEN


EXPRESSION
B. READING COMPREHENSION
Test exercise & Discussion – KPD Grade IX
By : Veronika Napitu
A. Structure & Written Expression
1. Inversion
It’s a sentence with the verb is placed before the subject
Usual word order Inversion
In a question You are using a computer Are you using a computer?
Prepositional phrase indicating The workings of the computer are Inside the system unit are the
place at the beginning of a inside the system unit. workings of the computer.
sentence
The conditional “if” has been If I had used a computer, it would Had I used a computer, it would
omitted have been finished now have been finished now
Statement begins with a negative I will never again write on a Never again will I write on a
word or phrase: never, nor, typewriter typewriter
neither, hardly ever, seldom, not
only….but also, only recently, only The computer not only examines Not only does the computer
after, only once, rarely, scarcely, information but also performs examine information but it also
logical operations performs logical operations
A. Structure & Written Expression
Exercise
Rewrite the sentences with inverted word order.
1. If you should make an error, it can be corrected easily.
…………………………
2. The computer not only stores information but also distributes it.
………………………..
3. The impact of the computer has been strongly felt only recently.
…………………………
A. Structure & Written Expression
2. Conjunction
 Coordinating conjunctions

Coordinating Functions Examples


conjunctions
And Joins two or more words, phrases,  Soya beans and peas have pods
or clauses of similar function and to  The plant is ready for harvesting when the leaves turn
show addition yellow and drop off, and the pods and stems dry out.
But To show contrast  In the U.S, soya is not harvested by hand but by machine
Or To give a choice  The beans may be yellow, green, brown, or mottled
So To show effect  The soya bean is versatile, so it is grown widely.
A. Structure & Written Expression
2. Conjunction
 Correlative conjunctions
Correlative Functions Examples
conjunctions
either ….or To indicate alternatives  Soya can be used either fish feed or chicken feed.
Neither…nor To indicate negative alternatives  Soya is dangerous to neither humans nor animals.
Both….and To indicate addition  Soya protein isolate is used in both meat and fish products
Not only…..but To Emphasize addition  Soya is not only the most efficient but also the least costly
also source of protein.
Whether….or To indicate a condition  Whether it is in the print of a newspaper or food we eat, our
lives are touched by soya

 either….or, neither….nor, not only….but also : the subject closest to the verb will determine if the verb is
singular or plural
A. Structure & Written Expression
Exercise
The soya plant is an annual, ………….. new seeds must be planted every
year.
a. Such
b. And since
c. While
d. so
A. Structure & Written Expression
3. Noun Clause
It is a subordinate clause. A noun clause has a subject and a verb and can be used like a
noun, either as a subject or an object.

Noun Functions
Clause
Noun clauses are introduced by
As subject His discovery was important. the following words:
Noun When what
Where which
What he discovered was important. Why whose
Noun Clause How whether
As object People believed his discovery. Who/whom if
Noun That

People believed what he discovered.


Noun clause
A. Structure & Written Expression
Noun clauses beginning with a question word
Question Noun Clause
What he discovered? I don’t know what he discovered.
When did he discover it? I’m not sure when he discovered it.
Who is Faraday? I don’t know who he is.
Whose discovery is that? It is not certain whose discovery that is.

Exercise
Faraday argued that….
a. electricity in a wire magnetic effect
b. electricity in a wire by magnetic effect
c. electricity in a wire produced a magnetic effect
d. a magnetic effect produced by electricity in a wire
A. Structure & Written Expression
4. Like/Alike/Unlike
Description Example

Like Is a preposition that means “similar”. It is Like many other people, I did not know the
followed by an object dangers of asbestos.

Alike Is an adverb that means “equally”, The new information on asbestos caused panic in
“similar” construction and industry alike.

Unlike Is a preposition that means “not similar”. It Unlike blue asbestos, white asbestos is safe when
is followed by an object its fibers are sealed off and left undisturbed.
B. Reading COMPREHENSION
Commonly asked questions in reading comprehension:
1. The main topic of the passage
2. The detailed information from the passage
3. The inference or conclusion from the passage or paragraph
4. True or not true questions
Exercise
Question:
1. What is the main topic of the passage?
a. The need for agricultural advances to help feed a growing
population
b. The development of safer machines demanded by the labor
movement
c. Machinery that contributed to the agricultural revolution
d. New Jersey as a leader in the agricultural revolution
Question:
2. When was the iron plow invented?
a. In 1970
b. In the early 1800’s
c. In 1869
d. In the early 1900’s
Question:
3. Which of the following can be inferred from what Thomas Jefferson
said (line 3-5)?
a. Europe was changing more quickly than the United States
b. Europe had greater need of farm machinery than the United
States.
c. The United States was finally running out of good farmland.
d. There was a shortage of workers on United States farms.
Question:
4. The word “here” in line 4 refers to
a. Europe
b. United States
c. New Jersey
d. Indiana
Question:
5. What point is the author making by stating that farmers could carry
nearly all their tools on their backs?
a. Farmers had few tools before the agricultural revolution.
b. People in the United States were traditionally self-reliant.
c. Life on the farm was extremely difficult
d. New tools were designed to be portable.
Question:
6. According to the passage, which of the following statements about
Charles Newbold is true?
a. He was James Oliver’s assistant.
b. He was born in Europe.
c. He was opposed to scientific agriculture.
d. He spent his own money to promote his invention.

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