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Module 5 Superposition, Thevenin's and Norton's Analysis Method

1. This document discusses the principles of superposition, Thevenin's theorem, and Norton's theorem which are analysis techniques used for circuits with multiple sources. 2. Superposition allows the contributions of individual sources to be determined separately and summed. Thevenin's theorem replaces a linear two-terminal circuit by a voltage source with series resistance. Norton's theorem replaces a linear two-terminal circuit by a current source in parallel with a resistor. 3. Examples are provided to illustrate applying each technique to determine various circuit variables such as voltages and currents. Review problems are also included to check understanding.

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Jose Miguel Jimenez
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968 views73 pages

Module 5 Superposition, Thevenin's and Norton's Analysis Method

1. This document discusses the principles of superposition, Thevenin's theorem, and Norton's theorem which are analysis techniques used for circuits with multiple sources. 2. Superposition allows the contributions of individual sources to be determined separately and summed. Thevenin's theorem replaces a linear two-terminal circuit by a voltage source with series resistance. Norton's theorem replaces a linear two-terminal circuit by a current source in parallel with a resistor. 3. Examples are provided to illustrate applying each technique to determine various circuit variables such as voltages and currents. Review problems are also included to check understanding.

Uploaded by

Jose Miguel Jimenez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MODULE 5

SUPERPOSITION, THEVENIN’S AND


NORTON’S THEOREMS
MODULE 5A

SUPERPOSITION
At the end of this module, the student should be able to:

1. Draw the circuit with a single activated source.


2. Determine the individual contributions of different
sources to any current or voltage in the circuit.
3. Apply the concept of Superposition in Solving related
Circuits problem.

SUPERPOSITION
• If a circuit has two or more independent sources, one way to
determine the value of a specific variable (voltage or current)
is to use nodal or mesh analysis.
• Another way is to determine the contribution of each
independent source to the variable and then add them up.
This approach is known as the superposition.
• The principle of superposition helps us to analyze a linear
circuit with more than one independent source by
calculating the contribution of each independent source
separately.
PRINCIPLE OF SUPERPOSITION

• The superposition principle states that the voltage across (or


current through) an element in a linear circuit is the
algebraic sum of the voltages across (or currents through)
that element due to each independent source acting alone.

Note: The relationship between power and voltage (or


current) is nonlinear, therefore power cannot be determined
using superposition principle.
To apply the superposition principle, we must
keep two things in mind:
1. We consider one independent source one at a time while
all other independent sources are turned off.
2. This implies that we replace
A. voltage source by 0 V (or a short circuit), and
B. current source by 0 A (or an open circuit).
This way we obtain a simpler and more manageable circuit.
http://tuttle.merc.iastate.edu/ee201/topics/analysis_techniqu
es/superposition.pdf
REVIEW PROBLEM

Use the principle of superposition to determine i0 in the circuit.


REVIEW PROBLEM
Use the principle of superposition to determine V0 in the circuit.
REVIEW PROBLEM: Determine the node voltages V1, V2,
and V3.
REVIEW PROBLEM: Determine the node voltages V1, V2,
and V3 if 10V is voltage dependent voltage source.
CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

Using the principle of superposition, determine i in the circuit.


THEVENIN’S THEOREM
CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

Use the principle of superposition to determine V0 in the circuit.


CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

Use the principle of superposition to determine V0 in the circuit.

Answer: 3.2 V
CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

Using the principle of superposition, determine i in the circuit.


CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

Using the principle of superposition, determine i in the circuit.


SUPERPOSITION
Problems Section 4.3
FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRIC
CIRCUITS, 3rd Edition,
Alexander/Sadiku, page 162

SUPERPOSITION
MODULE 5
SUPERPOSITION, THEVENIN’S AND
NORTON’S THEOREMS
MODULE 5B

THEVENIN’S THEOREM
At the end of this module, the student should be able to:
1. Determine the Thevenin equivalent resistance of the
circuit.
2. Determine the Thevenin equivalent voltage of the
circuit.
3. Implement Thevenin’s theorem in circuit analysis.

THEVENIN’S THEOREM
Thevenin Equivalent Resistance

Turn off all independent sources and determine the


equivalent resistance with respect to terminals a and b.
Thevenin Equivalent Voltage Source

The magnitude of the Thevenin Equivalent Voltage


Source is the open-terminal voltage between terminals
a and b.
http://web.cecs.pdx.edu/~tymerski/ece241/Lecture_Ch5.pdf
Listen and Understand

Determine I in the circuit.


Solve and Learn
Determine the Thevenin equivalent circuit.
Solve and Learn
Determine the Thevenin equivalent circuit.
Solve and Learn
Determine V0 in the circuit using Thevenin’s theorem.

Answer: 3.2 V
Solve and Learn
Determine the Thevenin equivalent circuit.
THEVENIN’S THEOREM
Problems Section 4.5
FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRIC
CIRCUITS, 3rd Edition,
Alexander/Sadiku, page 166

THEVENIN’S THEOREM
MODULE 5
SUPERPOSITION, THEVENIN’S AND
NORTON’S THEOREMS
MODULE 5A

NORTON’S THEOREM
At the end of this module, the student should be able to:
1. Determine the Norton equivalent resistance of the
circuit.
2. Determine the Norton equivalent voltage of the circuit.
3. Implement Norton’s theorem in circuit analysis.

NORTON’S THEOREM
• In 1926, about 43 years after Thevenin published his theorem, E. L.
Norton, an American engineer at Bell Telephone Laboratories,
proposed a similar theorem.

• Norton’s theorem states that a linear two-terminal circuit can be


replaced by an equivalent circuit consisting of a current source IN in
parallel with a resistor RN, where IN is the short-circuit current
through the terminals and RN is the input or equivalent resistance at
the terminals when the independent sources are turned off.
Check Your Understanding
Determine i using Norton’s theorem.
Check Your Understanding

Obtain the Norton equivalent of the circuit to the left of terminals a-b.
Use the result to determine current i.
Check Your Understanding

Determine io by using the Norton’s theorem.


Converting between Thévenin and Norton equivalent circuits
Check Your Understanding

Obtain the Thevenin and Norton equivalent of the circuit to the left of
terminals a-b.
Determine the Thevenin and Norton equivalent
of the circuit between the 4 Ω resistor and
determine the current through it.
NORTON’S THEOREM
Problems Section 4.6
FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRIC
CIRCUITS, 3rd Edition,
Alexander/Sadiku, page 166

NORTON’S THEOREM

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