UNIVERSITY OF LA SALETTE COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & ARCHITECTURE

Santiago City, Phils. PBSCE-016: Principle of Prestressed/RC Concrete

SUBJECT: PBSCE-016 (Principle of Reinforced/Prestressed Concrete)

LESSON#1: INTRODUCTION OF PRPC

A. General Objective of this Course

LO1: Understand the in-depth stress-strain characteristics of concrete for stages of loading
LO2: Evaluate the strength of structural plain, reinforced and prestressed concrete elements in axial loading,
bending, shear, and torsion under pseudo-elastic and inelastic stages of loading.
LO3: Apply allowable strength and load-and-resistance factor design methods for reinforced and prestressed
Concrete.
LO4: Demonstrate by numerical calculations and other methods the concepts, principles, and theories
obtained from the lecture portion of the course.

B. General Introduction of this Course

This is a professional course common to all Civil Engineering students designed to provide fundamental
concepts, principles and theories in the structural strength analysis and design of plain, reinforced, and
prestressed concrete elements in a structure.

1. Properties of Concrete as a Construction Material

a. Identification of structures for which the use of reinforced or prestressed concrete is applicable.

 Reinforced Concrete

 Definition of Reinforced Concrete: it is a combination of concrete and reinforcing steel

bars (RSB).

 Concrete is a mixture of sand, gravel, sand and other aggregates held together with a
paste of cement and clean water. Concrete has a high compressive strength and a
very low tensile strength.
 RSB provides the tensile strength lacking in concrete although it is also capable of
resisting compression forces but only minimal.

 Application of Reinforced Concrete

 Buildings that consist of beam, columns, walls, floors, and roofs.

 Bridges that consist of abutment, piers, girders, arches, deck, etc.
 Roads that carries heavy traffics.

Instructor: Engr. Angelito Salvador Suguitan Principle of Reinforced/Prestressed Concrete| Page 1 of 7

 UNIVERSITY OF LA SALETTE COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & ARCHITECTURE
Santiago City, Phils. PBSCE-016: Principle of Prestressed/RC Concrete

 Foundations such as piles, raft, isolated footing, rectangular footing, combined

footing, etc.
 Marine Structures such as wharfs, watch towers, lighthouse, Dams, etc.
 Pipes such as RC pipes.
 Precast Works such as precast RC columns, beams, slabs, pipes, fence post, manholes,
RC Power Transmission Poles, etc.
 Retaining Structures that includes abutments for bridges and retaining walls for
earthen embankments.

 Prestressed Concrete

 Definition of Prestressed Concrete: It is a form of concrete in which internal stresses are

introduced before its application so that it can counter act the tensile stresses produced in
concrete due to external loads. It has two types such as pre-tensioned concrete and post-
tensioned concrete.

 Pre-tensioned concrete is a variant of prestressed concrete where the tendons are

tensioned prior to concrete casting.
 Post-tensioned concrete is a variant of prestressed concrete where the tendons are
tensioned after concrete casting.

 Application of Prestressed Concrete

 Bridges Girder and Deck like Simply Supported Bridge, Cantilever Bridge, and Cable
Stayed Bridge
 Buildings Beams and Slab
 Water Carrying structure like aqueducts’ floor & beams, and water tanks’ wall

2. Compressive Strength of Concrete (Typical Stress-Strain Characteristic of Concrete in simple

Compression)

 Compressive Strength (f’c): This strength uses in the design of Reinforced Concrete and it will
verified through compressive testing machine at 7 days, 14 days and finally at 28 days.

Instructor: Engr. Angelito Salvador Suguitan Principle of Reinforced/Prestressed Concrete| Page 2 of 7

 UNIVERSITY OF LA SALETTE COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & ARCHITECTURE
Santiago City, Phils. PBSCE-016: Principle of Prestressed/RC Concrete

 Stress-Strain Relationship of a Concrete: It is the typical curves for specimens loaded in

compression at 28 days using 150mm X 300mm concrete cylinder sample.
 Concrete Strain: it is a geometric quantity that measures the deformation of concrete. The unit
is mm/mm or inch/inch.

 Concrete Stress: It is a stress received by the concrete due to applied axial compressive load.
The unit is MPa (N/mm2) or Psi (#/inch2).

 Stress-Strain Diagram of Compressive Strength Test as per ACI 318 Testing

 Based on the several testing, all concretes reach their ultimate compressive strength (f’c)
at 0.002 to 0.0025 strain.
 Ultimate strain at crushing of concrete varies from 0.003 to 0.004.
 Based on the stress-strain curve, lower strength concrete has greater deformability
(ductility) than higher strength concrete.
 In usual reinforced concrete design f’c of 24 to 35 MPa are recommended for non-
prestressed concrete. While, 35 to 42 Mpa are recommended for prestressed concrete
and 42 to 97MPa are used particularly in columns for highrise or tall buildings.

Instructor: Engr. Angelito Salvador Suguitan Principle of Reinforced/Prestressed Concrete| Page 3 of 7

 UNIVERSITY OF LA SALETTE COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & ARCHITECTURE
Santiago City, Phils. PBSCE-016: Principle of Prestressed/RC Concrete

3. Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete, refer to NSCP Code below:

 Based on the code above using close (a) formula, wc is between 1440 to 2560 kg/m3, where clause
(b) has been derived for normal weight concrete.
 For high strength concrete with 42 MPa ang higher, use:

 Initial Modulus is the slope of the stress-strain diagram at the origin of the curve.
 Tangent Modulus is the slope of a tangent to the curve at some point along the curve.
 Secant Modulus (Ec) is the slope of a line drawn from the origin to a point on a curve somewhere
between 25 and 50% of its ultimate compressive strength.

4. Properties of RSB (Reinforcing Steel Bars)

 Reinforcing Steel Bars: RSB to be used for concrete structures may be in the form of bars or
welded wire fabric. Reinforcing bars are referred to as plain or deformed.
 Welded wire fabric or mesh: it is usually used in slab or pavement. For smooth wire denotes by the
letter W while deformed wire denotes by the letter D followed by a number that stands for its
cross sectional area.
 Grades of reinforcing steel:

Instructor: Engr. Angelito Salvador Suguitan Principle of Reinforced/Prestressed Concrete| Page 4 of 7

 UNIVERSITY OF LA SALETTE COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & ARCHITECTURE
Santiago City, Phils. PBSCE-016: Principle of Prestressed/RC Concrete

 Grade 40 means SRB has Fy of 40,000Psi, Grade 50 has 50,000Psi, and so on.
 ASTM A615: Deformed and plain billet steel bars with a mark of Letter S as type of steel. It is
commonly use in the US.
 ASTM A706: Low alloy deformed and plain bars with a mark of W as type of steel. It is to be
use where tensile properties and/or controlled chemical composition for welding purposes.
 ASTM A996: Deformed rail steel or axle steel bars with a mark of R as type of steel.
 Letter S and W is present on the marking if A615 and A706 are combined.

 Reinforcing Bar Numbers and Sizes

 Identifying marks on Reinforcing Steel Bars (RSB)

 The producing company is identified with a letter.

 The bar size number 3 to 18 is geven next.
 Another letter is shown to identify the type of steel (S for billet, R for rail steel, A for axle,
W for alloy)
 Grade of bar is shown either with number or continues lines. For Grade 60 bar has either
the no. 60 or a continues longitudinal line in addition to its main ribs. A Grade 75 bar will
have the number 75 or 2 continues lines in addition to its main ribs.

Instructor: Engr. Angelito Salvador Suguitan Principle of Reinforced/Prestressed Concrete| Page 5 of 7

 UNIVERSITY OF LA SALETTE COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & ARCHITECTURE
Santiago City, Phils. PBSCE-016: Principle of Prestressed/RC Concrete

Instructor: Engr. Angelito Salvador Suguitan Principle of Reinforced/Prestressed Concrete| Page 6 of 7

 UNIVERSITY OF LA SALETTE COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & ARCHITECTURE
Santiago City, Phils. PBSCE-016: Principle of Prestressed/RC Concrete

5. Reference Codes of Practice: NSCP C101-15 and/or ACI 318

NSCP C101-15 ACI 318-19

------------------------------------------------------------END OF LESSON # 1-----------------------------------------------------------

Instructor: Engr. Angelito Salvador Suguitan Principle of Reinforced/Prestressed Concrete| Page 7 of 7