Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET IN GENERAL BIOLOGY 2

Evolution of Life on Earth
Name of Learner: ______________________________________
Grade Level: 11____________________________________
Strand/Track: STEM-ACADEMIC_______________________
Section: ______________________________________
Date: Week 3_________ (Introduction to Development)

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______________ (Engagement to Assimilation)

A. Background Information for Learners

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The lesson is about evolution of life on Earth. It involves activities which can help the
students master the assigned competency.
B. Learning Competency with code

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Describe the general features of the history of life on Earth, including generally
accepted dates and sequence of the geologic time scale and characteristics of major
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groups of organisms present during these time periods. (STEM_BIO11/12-III-c-g-8)

C. Directions/ Instructions
After going through with this unit, you are expected to:
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1. Read and follow each direction carefully.

2. Accomplish each activity for the mastery of competency.
3. Use the Learning Activity Sheets with care.
4. Record your points for each activity
5. Always aim to get at least 80% of the total number of given items.
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6. If you have any questions, contact, or see your teacher through messenger
or text
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D. Exercises / Activities

DAY 1
D.1 INTRODUCTION

a. What I need to Know

After going through with this unit, you are expected to:

1. describe the characteristics of early life forms on Earth

2. determine major groups of organisms that dominated and became extinct
using geologic time scale; and
3. appreciate ancient organisms where present life evolved from.

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS

b. What’s New?

Activity 1: “The Primitive Life”

Directions: Fill in the table at least five (5) ancient or primitive life forms that you
know and give their characteristics. Write your answer on the table below.
ANCIENT/PRIMITIVE LIFE FORMS CHARACTERISTICS

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1.
2.

3.

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4.

5.
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MY SCORE:
D.2 DEVELOPMENT
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a. What I Know?

Activity 2: “Check and Match”

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Directions: Match column A with column B. Write only the letter of the correct
answer on your activity sheet.
A B
____1. First single and multicellular organisms that a. Cenozoic era
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evolved.
____2. First arthropod that exhibit sense of vision b. Precambrian life
____3. Era in which plant life first appeared related to c. Cretaceous
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bryophytes 500 million years ago

____4. Era where reptiles were the most abundant d. Pliocene
animals
____5. “Age of mammals” e. Trilobite
____6. Year where human species arrived f. 200 years ago
____7. Year where cyanobacteria has propagated g. Jurassic
____8. Evolution of first flowering plant h. Paleozoic era
____9. Dinosaurs are abundant and diverse during i. Mesozoic era
time
____10. First appearance of apelike ancestors of j. 3.0 billion years
human ago
k. Pleistocene

MY SCORE:

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS

b. What’s In
Activity 3: “Power of Mind”

Directions: Recall the previous topic by answering the questions

comprehensively.

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1. What is DNA? Tell its structure and functions.
2. How important is genetic engineering to society today?
3. How E. coli (prokaryote) helps in producing human insulin?

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MY SCORE:

c. What is It AN
Activity 4: “Imagine Me”

Directions: Using the readings below illustrate what is asked in the grid.
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THE EARLY EARTH

Scientists assumed that billions of years ago, Earth came together with the
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solar system from a swirling cloud of gasses and dust that have condensed and
formed the sun in the center. Planets are made due to the condensation of dust and
rocks around the edges of clouds firmly held by the sun’s gravity. It is also believed
that the Earth is a very hot ball of gas consisted of free atoms which distributed into
layers.
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Due to frequent and violent volcanic eruptions Earth’s landscape were formed
and gasses were released that contributed to the changes in the atmosphere. The
atmosphere during this time was consisted of (O₂) or no oxygen at all but made up of
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ammonia (NH₃), methane (CH₄), carbon dioxide (CO₂), and nitrogen (N₂). As million
years passed by, earth cooled down resulting to the liquification of gasses. Water
molecules and vapors were formed in the atmosphere at the same time continuous
wrinkling and folding of the earth crust occurred. Rain started to pour heavily, forming
the first seas and oceans. The dissolved gasses in the atmosphere were washed off
into the sea making the sea water salty.

EARLY EARTH IN THE SOLAR EARLY EARTH

SYSTEM

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS

The first life forms originated from simple organic compounds or monomers.
These organic compounds undergone reactions to form more complex compounds

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such as polymers of proteins such as purines, pyrimidines, sugar, and phosphate
group which combined to produce the first nucleotide a molecule essential for the
heredity of organisms. Early cells originated from organic molecules present in the
sea that could have condensed into tiny bubble-like structures. The sticky properties
of proteins and other organic materials with water resulted in the evolution of the

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earliest form of cell. The formation of cell membrane in the early cells allow it to
separate the internal environment from the external world. This interaction forms a
microsphere that behaves similarly with the cell membranes known today. These
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bubble-like structures or droplets are known as protocells that started to absorb
nutrients from the environment. Protocells divided and due to the presence of nucleic
acids (DNA/RNA), they were able to reproduce and pass on genetic information to
their offspring. It is believed that this started the evolution of the biodiversity that our
modern Earth has.
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PROTOCELLS MODERN CELL
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PRIMITIVE LIFE FORMS

Early life forms were discovered through the analysis of fossil evidence by
radioactive dating. Radioactive active isotopes in the rock surrounding the fossil can
estimate the actual age of fossils. Paleontologists who study fossil evidence to
determine the fossil’s age utilize the two most used methods named as: potassium-
argon dating and radioactive dating.

Prokaryotes

The oldest fossils are the stromatolite characterized by fossilized layered

mats of prokaryotic cells. The first prokaryotes are heterotrophic that continue to

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS

release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere as they reproduce. Due to the
occurrence of genetic variability the first autotrophs evolved which can synthesize
their own food using light energy from the sun but cannot produce oxygen. These
organisms later develop photosynthetic process enable them to release oxygen into
the water and into the atmosphere like that of the modern plants.

Eukaryotes

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The evolution of eukaryotes was supported by Endosymbiotic Theory or
endosymbiosis. According to this theory mitochondria is the descendant of early
aerobic prokaryotes and chloroplasts of the primitive cyanobacteria. Larger cells that
engulfed these aerobic prokaryotes and primitive cyanobacteria became dependent
for their physiological needs. Change in appearance and function of the first
eukaryote from prokaryotic feature enable the development of multicellular

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organisms.

EARLY PROKARYOTE EARLY EUKARYOTE

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THE GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE

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Geological Time Scale served as the catalog of the history of life on Earth for
the past 4 billion years to describe the time the Earth was formed and the evolution of
the different organisms that made them dominant and extinct as million years pass
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by.

GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE

ERA PERIOD EPOCH AGE SOME IMPORTANT

mya EVENTS IN THE HISTORY
OF LIFE

QUARTERNARY RECENT 0.01 Historical Time.

CENOZOIC PLIOCENE 1.8 Ice Age, Humans appear.
PLIOCENE 5 Apelike ancestor of humans
appears.
TERTIARY MIOCENE 23 Continued relation between
mammals and
OLIGOCENE 35 angiosperms.
Origin of many primate
EOCENE 57 groups, including apes
Angiosperms dominance

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS

increase continued relation

of most modern mammalian
PALEOCENE 65 order.
Major radiation of
mammals, birds, and
pollinating insects.

Cretaceous 144 Flowering plants

(angiosperm) appear; many
groups of organisms

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include, including dinosaurs
MESOZOIC became extinct at the end
of period (cretaceous
extinctions)
Jurassic 206 Gymnosperms continue as
dominant plants; dinosaurs
abundant and diverse.
Triassic 245 Cone bearing plants

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(gymnosperm) dominate
landscape, radiation of
dinosaur

Permian
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and terrestrial organisms
(Permian mass extinction);
radiation reptiles, origin of
PALEOZOIC mammal like reptiles and
most modern of orders of
insects.
Carboniferous 363 Extensive forest of vascular
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plants; origin of reptiles;
amphibians dominant.
Diversification of bony
Devonian 409 fishes, first amphibian and
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insect.
Diversity of jawless fishes
Silurian 439 first jawed fish
diversification of early
vascular plants.
Marine algae abundant;
Ordovician 510 colonization of land plants
arthropods.
Radiation of the most
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Cambrian 543 modern animal phyla

(Cambrian explosion)

600 Diverse soft bodied

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invertebrate animals;
diverse algae.
2200 Oldest fossils of eukaryotic
cells.
2700 Atmospheric oxygen begins
to increase.
PRECAMBRIAN
3500 Oldest fossils of cells
(prokaryotes)
3800 Earliest traces of life.
4600 Approximate time of origin
of Earth.

Mass Extinction
It is defined as the loss of all species of organism in existence due to the
drastic change in the environment in a relative short geological period of time. A huge
number of species have disappeared from the surface of the Earth because of the
five cataclysmic mass extinctions millions of years ago.

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS

PERIOD EXTINCTION
Ordovician-Silurian 439 million years ago
25% of marine families and 60% of marine

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genera wiped out due to the dropping and
rising sea levels as glaciers formed and
melted.
Late Devonian 364 million years ago
22% of marine families and 57% of marine
genera caused by glaciation events.

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Permian-Triassic 250 million years ago
90% of both land and marine species
extinct
End of Triassic
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families and marine genera, and unknown
number of land vertebrates due to volcanic
eruptions and splitting of Pangea.
Cretaceous-Tertiary 65 million years ago
Annihilated many marine species and non-
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avian dinosaurs become extinct.
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DAY 2
D.3 ENGAGEMENT
a. What’s more?
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Activity 5: “Dig and Excavate”

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Directions. Answer the following question comprehensively.

1. How would you describe Earth millions of years ago?

2. How did scientists determine the age of the Earth?
3. Name all organisms that evolved on Earth according to their existence in the
Geologic Time Scale.
4. How would you explain the reasons for mass extinction that occurred on earth
million years ago?
5. How would you compare the characteristics of modern organisms to ancient
organism with respect to the early and modern earth?

MY SCORE:

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS

b. What I can Do?

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Activity 6: “Life History”

Directions. In the table below, fill out the major extinction events that happened
on Earth. Use the Geologic Timetable provided below.

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PERIOD/ERA TIME YEARS MAJOR (%)ORGANISMS
AGO EVOLUTIONARY LED TO
EVENTS/CAUSES EXTINCTION
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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS

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Credit: quipper.com

MY SCORE:

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS

DAY 3

c. What other enrichment activities can I engage in?

Activity 7: “Investigation is Essential”

Directions: Answer the following questions based on your understanding.

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1. Discuss Endosymbiotic Theory? Highlight on how mitochondria and chloroplasts
became the descendants of eukaryotes and prokaryotes.
2. Prove how age of rocks can help in determining the age of primitive living
organisms as well as the age of the Earth.

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3. Using the data in the Geologic Time scale, were you convinced by the pieces of
evidence given as proofs of the existence of ancient life forms? Justify your
argument scientifically.
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D.4 ASSIMILATION

a. What I have Learned?

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Activity 8: “Frayer Model”
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Directions: On the Frayer model below, state the general features of life on Earth.
(Refer to scoring rubric provided).

Describe the Early Earth How Life begins on Earth?

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GENERAL
FEATURES
Mass extinction OF LIFE ON Geologic Time Scale
EARTH

MY SCORE:

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS

b. Assessment / What I can show

Activity 9: “A Poster of Thousand Words”

Directions: Create a poster of the history of life on Earth. It will be scored using a
rubric. Work on your poster in a legal-size paper using coloring materials. Take a
picture and send it to any platform instructed to you by your teacher or pass it on the

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retrieval day by your parent or guardian.
Objective: Show the history of primitive life forms and its evolution on Earth.

MY SCORE:

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AN DAY 4
Activity 10: “Fact or Truth?”
Directions: Respond to the following phrases based on your own understanding.

GENESIS 1
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God created the heavens, the
Earth and everything that lives.
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He made humankind in image

and gave them charge over the
Earth. (youtube.com)
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There is grandeur in this view

of life, with its several powers,
having been originally breathed
into one; and that, whilst this
planet has gone cycling on
according to the fixed law of
gravity, from so simple a
beginning endless forms most
beautiful and most wonderful
have been, and are being,
evolved.
--Charles Darwin

MY SCORE:
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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS

E. Guide Questions
Activity 11: “Question and Answer”
Directions: Respond to the following guide questions.
1. How can you describe the life during Precambrian era?

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_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

2. What were the characteristics of life during Tertiary Period?

_______________________________________________________________

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_______________________________________________________________
3. What are the major events during Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic Era?
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_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
4. How would you describe the evolution of life with respect to the condition of the
early earth?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
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5. What are the major catastrophic events that paved way to the extinction of
organisms? How are they related to the present life forms on Earth?
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_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

F. Rubrics

Guide Questions
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Criteria Expert Accomplished Capable Beginner

4 3 2 1
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Quality of Argument is Somewhat Give some new Gives no new

Reason Scientific, argument is imformation but information and
information information wise poorly organized very poorly
wise and well and organized organized
organized

Grammar No incorrect Few incorrect A number of Ample incorrect

Usage spelling of spelling of words incorrect spelling of
words and no and minor spelling of words words and
grammatical grammarical and grammatical grammatical
errors errors errors errors which
affects the

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS

content

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Poster
Criteria 4 3 2 1

Accuracy of Shows deep Shows Shows a shallow Shows limited

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Content understanding considerable understanding understanding
of the topic understanding of of the topic of the topic
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Organization of All elements in Most elements in There is missing Some of the

Idea the artwork are the artwork are element in the elements are
logically logically artwork and are not seen and is
presented presented not really not logically
logically presented
presented
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Presentation A very clear A clear message There are some The meesage
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(Clarity of the message conveyed to the vagueness in conveyed to the

message/Neatness) conveyed to the audience conveying the audience is not
audience message to the clear
audience

G. Reflection
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Learners will write on their notebooks or journals their insights about the lesson by
completing the prompts below…
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I understand that______________________________________________.
I realized that ________________________________________________.

H. Reference

Books

Dela Pena, R.A.Jr., Gracilla, D.E., Pangilinan, C. R. (2016) General Biology

(Combined Book 1 & 2) JFS Publishing Services, Manila

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS

Basco-Tiamzon, M. E., Avissar, Y.,Choi, Jung.,Desaix, J., Jurukovski, Vladimir.,Wise

and Robert., Rye. (2016) General Biology 2. Vibal Group Inc.

Electronic Sources

Evans, C. L. (2009). The Evolution of Life in 60 seconds. (YouTube Channel).

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Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YXSEyttblMI

PBS Eons. (2017). A Brief History of Geologic Time. (YouTube Channel). Retrieved
from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rWp5ZpJAIAE

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BestofScience. (2009). Origin And Evolution Of Life. (YouTube Channel). Retrieved
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from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8SgnnV8nV9g
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