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Environmental Engineering Report 02

This document is a student's report on an environmental engineering sessional course experiment to determine the color, iron, and manganese concentration of a water sample. The student measured the color concentration as 12 platinum cobalt units, the iron concentration as 11 mg/L, and the manganese concentration as 3 mg/L. The student discussed that the color and manganese levels were within standards but the iron level exceeded standards. The student concluded that the water sample was safe to use based on color but not based on iron level and recommended further treatment would be needed.

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Alamin Khan
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114 views

Environmental Engineering Report 02

This document is a student's report on an environmental engineering sessional course experiment to determine the color, iron, and manganese concentration of a water sample. The student measured the color concentration as 12 platinum cobalt units, the iron concentration as 11 mg/L, and the manganese concentration as 3 mg/L. The student discussed that the color and manganese levels were within standards but the iron level exceeded standards. The student concluded that the water sample was safe to use based on color but not based on iron level and recommended further treatment would be needed.

Uploaded by

Alamin Khan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Environmental Engineering Sessional I

Course No: CE-3402


Experiment Name:
Determination of Color, Iron and Manganese Concentration
of water
Submitted By:
Student Name: Md. Ziaul Haque
Student id: 161103

Course Teachers:
Dr. Md. Akramul Alam.
Professor, Civil Engineering, DUET
Shahab Uddin
Assistant professor, Civil Engineering, DUET

Department of Civil Engineering


Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology,
Gazipur
A. Determination of Color Concentration of Water
1.0 Introduction:

Pure water should not possess any color. Most water available to use
are colored to some extent due the presence of various impurities
(i.e, iron and manganese in association with organic matter from
decaying vegetation).Ground water may show color due to the
presence of iron compounds. Color intensity generally increase with
an increase in pH. For this reason recording pH along with color is
advised. Color in water may result from the presence of natural steel
ions (iron and manganese), humus and peat substances, plankton,
weeds, and industrial wastes. Impurities in water may additionally
exist both within the colloidal from or in suspended state. Ground
water may additionally show shade due to the presence of iron
compounds. The coloration fee of water is extraordinarily pH-based
and continually will increase because the pH of the water is raised.
Because of this recording pH at the side of shade is advised.

1.1 Objectives:

 To determine the physical quality of water.


 To determine the accuracy of water.
 To know the color concentration of water.

2.0 Materials and Methodology:

2.1 Materials:

Apparatus;

1. UV Vis. Spectrophotometer (HACH, DR 5000)


2. Sample cell
3. Sample Water
2.2 Methodology:

 At first the sample cell was filled with 10ml distilled water
 After that 10ml sample water taken in the sample cell after
filtration.
 Then On power button, then go to main menu. After that
Favorite program then readout and fixed color.
 Put the distilled water cell, in the hole of the spectrometer and
readout zero.
 Then Put the sample water cell, in the hole of the spectrometer
and readout some values.
 This is my result which is 12 platinum cobalt unit.

3.0 Result and Discussion:

3.1 Result

Color concentration = 12 platinum cobalt unit.

3.2 Discussion:

Color is an important physical quality of water. There are two types


of color for water. One is True color and another is apparent color.
True color due to dissolved solids and Apparent color due to
suspended solid. From this experiment we found that color
concentration of this sample = 12 platinum cobalt unit. According to
(BECR) Bangladesh Environment Conservation Rules (1997), drinking
water guideline value for color is 15 Pt-Co Unit. So this sample is
suitable for us.
4.0 Conclusion and Recommendation:

Though presence of coloration in water is not always dangerous to


human however in most instances its miles. Even though the water
isn't dangerous, aesthetically humans do no longer choose to use
water with coloration. So it is important to limit the color of water
for domestic supplies.

From this test we recommended that this sample is safe for us.
Because color concentration of this sample is less than standard
value by consideration of BECR 1997 Rules.

B. Determination of Iron Concentration of Water


Introduction:

Iron as well as manganese, creates serious problems in public water


supplies. The problems are most critical for groundwater. Iron exist
in soil and minerals as insoluble ferric oxide/hydroxide and iron
sulfide(pyrite). In some areas, it also occurs as ferrous carbonate,
which is very slightly soluble. If decreasing (anaerobic) situations
exist in groundwater surroundings, the insoluble ferric iron [Fe3+] is
decreased to greater soluble ferrous iron [Fe2+] and iron
concentration in water will increase. There seems to be enough
evidence to indicate that improvement of lowering (anaerobic)
situation is crucial for considerable amount of iron (in addition to
manganese) to gain entrance into water.

1.1 Objectives:
 To determine the physical quality of water.
 To determine the accuracy of water.
 To know the iron concentration of water.
2.0 Materials and Methodology:

2.1 Materials:

Apparatus;

4. UV Vis. Spectrophotometer (HACH, DR 5000)


5. Sample cell
6. Sample Water
7. Ferrover Iron reagent powder pillow
I.2 Methodology:
 Then the sample cell was filled with 10ml distilled water
 After that 10ml sample water taken in the sample cell after
filtration.
 Add one pillow in each pillow.
 A three minute period will begin, orange color is form if present
in Iron.
 At first On power button, then go to main menu. After that
Favorite program then readout and fixed color.
 Put the distilled water cell, in the hole of the spectrometer and
readout zero.
 Then Put the sample water cell, in the hole of the spectrometer
and readout some values.
 This is my result which is 11 mg/lit

3.0 Result and Discussion:

3.1 Result

Iron concentration = 11 mg/l


3.2 Discussion:

Iron is an important chemical quality of water. According to


Bangladesh Environment Conservation Rules (1997), drinking water
standard for iron is 0.3 - 1.0 mg/l. But we found that Iron of this
sample is equal to 11. So it is more than standard value. Iron
concentration values in water exceeded WHO standards
(0.3 mg/L). Iron is an essential element in human nutrition.
Estimates of the minimum daily requirement for iron depend on age,
sex, physiological status, and iron bioavailability and range from
about 10 to 50 mg/day

4.0 Conclusion and Recommendation:

Higher values of iron reduced consuming water satisfactory.


Awareness rising on chemical contents in drinking water at family
degree is needed to enhance public fitness. It is naturally present in
water but can also be present in drinking water from the use of Iron.
The WHO, 2004 states that value up to 2mg/l (10 times the
parametric value) do not present in hazard to health. We can be
recommended that this sample is not secure for health.

C. Determination of Manganese Concentration of


Water
Introduction:
Drinking water with a level of manganese above the guidance level
can be harmful for your health, but taking a bath or a shower in it is
not. Manganese in your water can stain your laundry, causes scaling
on your plumbing, and make your water look, smell or taste bad.
Manganese is one of the most abundant metals in Earth’s crust,
usually occurring with iron. Manganese is an element essential to
the proper functioning of both humans and animals, as it is required
for the functioning of many cellular enzymes. Manganese occurs
naturally in many surface water and groundwater sources and in soils
that may erode into these waters. However, human activities are
also responsible for much of the manganese contamination in water
in some areas

1.2 Objectives:
 To determine the physical quality of water.
 To determine the accuracy of water.
 To know the Manganese concentration of water.

2.0 Materials and Methodology:

2.1 Materials:

Apparatus;

UV Vis. Spectrophotometer (HACH, DR 5000)

Methodology:
 Then the sample cell was filled with 10ml distilled water
 After that 10ml sample water taken in the sample cell after
Filtration.
 Add contents of one Ascorbic acid pillow powder in each cell
 Put the stopper on both sample cells. Invert to dissolve the
powder
 Add 12 drops of alkaline cyanide Reagent solution to each cell.
 Swirl to mix the solution may start to show turbidity. This should
dissipate in the next step.
 Add 12 drops of pans indicator solution 0.1% to each cell.
 Swirl to mix the sample will show an orang color if manganese is
present
 Start the instrument timer A 2 minute reaction time starts.
 When the timer expires clean the blank sample cell.
 Insert the blank into the cell.
 Push zero the display shows 0.00 mg/l Mn.
 Clean the prepared sample cell.
 Insert the prepared sample into the cell holder.
 Push READ result show in mg/l Mn.
 This my result which value is = 11 mg/l Mn

3.0 Result and Discussion:

3.1 Result

Iron concentration = 3mg/l Mn

3.2 Discussion:

Manganese is an important chemical quality of water. Manganese


concentrations varied from 0.1 to 5.5 mg/L with a median value
of 0.2 mg/L. The World Health Organization (WHO) has
established secondary or aesthetic based water guideline value
of manganese as 0.4 mg/L. Similarly, for aesthetic, economic,
and health-related reasons, Bangladesh has established
standards of 0.1 mg/L for. But we found that Iron of this sample is
equal to 3mg/l. So it is more than standard value. Manganese is an
essential element in human nutrition.
Conclusion and Recommendation:

Higher values of Manganese reduced consuming water satisfactory.


Awareness rising on chemical contents in drinking water at family
degree is needed to enhance public fitness. It is naturally present in
water but can also be present in drinking water from the use of
Manganese. The U.S. EPA Secondary Drinking Water
Regulations recommend a limit of 0.05 mg/l manganese
because of the staining which may be caused. For many
industrial purposes the manganese content should not exceed
0.01 to 0.02 mg/l. Acording to who standard Mn is 0.4mg/l.
Since the sample value is more than standard, so we can
recommend that it should be ignored.

Reference:
 Lab manual.
 Online source
 Water supply and sanitation book by Ahmed and Rehman.
 Water supply by M.A. Aziz
 Online Article.
 BECR 1997

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