PM¥SICtll

gpeed of light c. = 3)(10' 1Yl/s.

Plankconstant h= 6.€;,3 )(IO-3'f..r.s hc::/2Lf2. eV-nm
Gravitation constant C9:. 6·61 x /0" NmYk92
Boltzmann constant I< :; i.gEl /(ID-2.3 J"/K
Molargasconstant A.,. B.3ILt -:r/molK.
Avogadro's number N,.: '.023 ~IO'1.3/mol
Charge of electron e = 1.602 x 10"1 C
Permeability of vacuum u o = LilT" I< /0- 1 tVIA"
Permitivity of vacuum E:-o = B.gS ~ 10-. 2 F/rfl
Coulomb constant ;haTED = q X 10" N m·'/c2.
Faraday constant F = q64 95 c./moJ
Mass of electron me = Q.1 x./O- 31 k.3
Massofproton mp = 1.'1126 ~ Jo- H kj
Mass of neutron mf\ .:: U;llLftJ x /0- 21 k~
Atomic mass unit LA. .:: 1.6b X 10-21 k.J
gtefan-Boltzmann constant (I= 5.61 x 10- 9 W/rn> K~
Rydberg constant ~ = I.oq 7 10 7 ltv! )C

Bohr magnetron ..u.s = Q.21 x /0-2.4 J /T

Bohr radius a. = 0.52. q x 10-'° rY)
D

gtandard atmosphere a.tWl:; 1.01325 ~ IDS Po..

Wien displacement constant h = 2. q x 10- 3 rnl<
 "'-
ex = a ... l' + CA.:1 J i" Qz k. liXl =....J 0..': . . o..!JL +- (A?;.'L
DOT PR.OD~CT 4. b = d"Jo~ +- CA:J h~ + ~~ be
=a.b C.Ob 9
L1UJSS PIWDtJc.r re lC 17 = o..~ si'VI e i,e ARf./\
:r
I '"J 1'\h. "W:p.r,.e~ ~~ ~

it I!or. ~. = T(a.~br~o...)-~b~ b...o...)+~b9-h...Il!l)

~ ~b~b.

KINEMATICS!"""""'} ~
\J.. ~ $.::. u..t + Y2.Ovt't
i-..st =. d..r4-t (kvg ~ ISS/L:Jt v=- u. 't- Got
iXo.vs = l::;.III EJt v..... U. + 2..0..5
zti"rl: = d:V;.it .= '>.

PROJECTILE MOTION ( RELRTIVE VELOCITY

~ ~ \JA/~ = V~ - VB
U"- = UC.OS e
ll~ = U Sif\ 9
I "," '-1-" . . "-
.1. ____
.. ~ __ ::~t!:: lL'l.sM1.e/2~
l1me of P~Sh.t= .2U3/9 ~ T = 2UsiK9/~
A.D..~ge = ~·T ~ ~= tJ!-.siY, 28~
~ = tdMB.K.. - '- .9 \. ')(.'1.
l2.u." em 1. 9)
 lAWS OF MOllON
ItJERTIA PSEUDO .-.
F= tl P/dt :: mo... FOR(E Q.

Acti011 < > Aedct; (frJ -m Clyef .ft6.'P'e..

f=MsN

: Tsfne: mvY'f
e i T COs 9= m~
1'"9 T : tlllYl ():: VYr~
-~ .
I

Nsj,,9 (:--

CIJRVED BlJNKING
'y'l.:. tNn e ±
't1._
-
t~ 9
J.(
1'9 19' + LltM8
 POWER At
~~
WORlc. ~ ~. s = Fs emS
=- JF:t1;
KE (K)= ~ m~&

POTENTIAL EweR..t:. Y (II)

U9: m9~ F= -dV ~
dJt FOR ~~
Us ptit1Q::: k k x. 2. C.ONSeRV~T(V€
"I- F"O~c.e.s
K + LJ =- (onse "'"ed ~

~~ Wo"Ck b.!j Lollse1vJive

F.dr -= 0 fOllf. iY\ fA. closed potl1
POWER..= c!w/tlt : F:~
,...- .- - -------
~ WOAK- ENERCAV ~
: THEo~eM I
:
~--
W-tlet-=.6K
- - - -" J
 ! 2~ ~t
i~ ~ 3~
HOLLOW CONE::. h/J bOUt) CONE = h/~

"'OLlOW SOLID
 -...,
L =Y -'-1J
xp = mv((,J.
~:: I-< = dL'/dt

EQUILIBRIUM: F:t = 0 = 6 net

t.):: 2.1rf T = Vi LV: ~/l'

I:: Z:. m; 1;'1.

I = Jy
1
tlm
 ,:, roil.
I 12- I
~,
, I
,
I
, I

me
3
'T'
' m lll'~"+ b'l.)
-12.
~ ~
I I

( Ly ~ RINl4 l )
DISC (
,
I
1-y ~ HDLLOW
~
:
.-J ,::1
C. YLI tJ DfR.
SOLID
C.VLlNJ)E~

, \.. I ~
,
mY' i J..mY'
.2.

HOllOW =.a mY1..

a
SOLID =5.! mt~
 ~(,~
~ 1,,\
~ ~tl /: PARALLEL
I
I
I II = I eM + mOwj2.
~--'~ I
I ,
 v: Wt (no slip c.ontJitiort)

V= 2.sH
t+ 1
1Y\1'2.

I t t
\~\t)~1
-r'Wo
t=
.AL9~+ ~11]
t= Vo
Vo
.AL9~+ ~11]
9=G~ 9'=~ [I-t] 9'~9['-~1
'~
~~ 9'::. 9 - WZ~ C.os2.9
 ---- Hoote!s lAw =-k~
~Aslr(wt+ )
v:. AlA) Cas (wt + tb)
ll.. ":. - wI. )L = - "¥W\ x..
T: ~j' ::. l.rrFtI<.

k :.!MV1.
U:: t,l<.x,'L -A A
E:: l< +U:: ! kA7.= 1mw2.A'2..
2..
 A2.
-t ¢;
- ---".
X •.:: A, Si,,(wt) tame A2.61"~
=
')(2.= A1.Sin (lAlt+ 41) R,. . ~1.C.osq>
~= >£.+)(2. ::. ASi" CUlt + E:)
A=1A.2.+A:..- 2.A.A2. C.os 4>
 PE TIE
T
YOUIVG~ MODULUS (Y) = Z7t
BVLK MOD"LVS (e) :: -vgt
SHEAR MoDIILlJS (~) ~ :~
ComPRes- ( ) _ 1 __ .L ~v
-SI61LITY K - 13 - V llP

POISSON~ RAr,o(tr)
LATERAL STiAIN :. ~D/D
LONGI TlJDlfiAL STA/UtJ L!:.t/L

ELASTIC ENER6Y (u)

t STAess 1& s r RPIN IC VOlVlWle
5URFACE TENSION (5) = ~

5UA-FAa ENfA.6Y (U) =S. AREA

~PsoAP=1 0 ~
I?J(C.E~S = ~IR. =2-f . •

-
 r::,YDR05TATI( = f9 h

FeUOYANT =.P9V
~i'­
(ONTI NUIT y AI". = A2)12..
BERNOULLI'S
P + Igh +!f V2.=CoW\£t
.- - - .r:-
FuVISCOUS -- -YJA dv
Wl d1L
~;,,....,,. . .,.. .,111111111119,
. ,,... Prl~ J
 - - -- HT
TORRICE.LL1'S - - --
VEfflUX =i""'2.-9--H

STOKE'S LAW
F.: 6TT"rtri
VTERMINAL
v 2rl (p_o- )9
qVL

Po'SEUILll~ tQN

\/DLUfftE FLOW :. 1"" P1'1

~t gVLL
'I =A Sin (k~- wt)
=A ~jn[2.1T(~ - i=-)

\JAVE NUMBEPlkJ = 2~
T--1)t :: 2rr
U)

V=l>~
VI = A, sin (I<x.-wt) Y2. = A~SiY\ (KlL-wt+ (/J)
Y: A5;" (I<.ll.- wt + €)
A'1.=~(A, ~ A2~t/J)2 ... (Al. ~iheY·
tlW\ E:: A2. ;i~ 4>
A +- A2.CJnf/J - - .J- _

(/) = 2nrr (e~et1) ~ c.onstruc.1ive

= (Ln+.)1T ( odd) : destyuciive

~vCt = lrr1J,(.'l>Av2.

V=l£
 STANDI 6 WV[S
!I,: A5in (KlL- wt)
~2.-= A5iV\(~x..+ wt)

V:. 2A cmlc.1C.. ,Slnwt

Notk. if cmlc.1C.. is 'leJlO ~x.: (n+1)~

L: y\' ~/.2. ».: II T

-lL M.
SONOMETER
 5=s,,&r,,[wl.t- ~)1 V&.olitJ.=~Y/f
p= Po (.os[""lt-xtvll "Ii~:' Blf
Po =[~Jso \/g~= V~P/f
I : 21T1B oS. ,,1.= Po'v = Po I11111 JJII
v 28 ~fll

~T1JNmING [ONG,rrrUDINA~ ~AV£S

P.=P. Gi,,[ttJ(t - Xlv)1 P2.= ~i"l""(t+ 1(1v)]
p= P, +P1: 2.J?,cmkX. Si"wt
CLOSED OR&RN PIPE P-E7
~ -1 ~:::::=';'
L= (~n ... 1) A ))=(2.n+.)..\L
Lf LfL

OPEN ORGAN PIPE :.:..z:::::::::::::

L~n ~ "=n ~
1. ~L
ResotJAtJCE CoWMtJ ltcll - .
t
ll+~
i Ll+t1 = 3" -. --
.{,+ci=
V= 2(la-L~")")
.a.
1
-.. .
- -.-
•
-
-
•
•

.
.....

BEATS (if w, ~ WI)

R= Po S.'I n "'" (t - )(./,,) p1.= Po si~ l.Jz(t -If{.,)
p= 2 R, c.o~ llw(t-lLlv) GiY\ w(t-x/\})
"': CW,"~1)
BeoJs~ o~: W,-W~

1>:. V+ Va
DOPPLER -~})o
v-~
, I , 'f) PLANE WAVES
£:E o Sirtw(t-JtllI) j 1:10
SPHERICAL WAVES
E:~fo Si" '-"(t- ~v); I =~

DlffRA(TIO~
6')(..= bsit\9 ~ be
MiniWlA. b9~ n,X
ResollA.ti 011 Sit! 9= I,l!)\

9
10- - --
*"f D---
YOUNG'S DOUBLE Sur EXPERIP1E.~T
PtAt~ diff: /l~= ~.rlD I r'/
Phtl~ cliff~ ,= .2.11: 0')(.
i1'
s,
l- '
11"" c-
.--: ~
s_ - - -
..L

CONSTRUUIVf ~ ]) __~>
G= 2n1T i bY-: n~

DtSTRucrlVE
,~ (2.n+t1~ j O~= In+ "2.)~

'h~e~s;~ I: I, .-I:I. ... !"U,IJ. cOS 5

L "II-J'/ lI\iM = (ft ± f!:)

frin1e Witlth CAl = ~li

Optical p~ b~ =J.A.blL

INIEBfERE~Ce TttAOU~" ru'H FILM

6 ~ :. 2. Ltc!:. n ~ ., ~cm stYu.t.ti ve
Cot" +1)~1.~ clestYIlt.ti ve
 .I ,, ,u
OPTICS .N
REfRACTION
.It= C = VI1c.uuw.
, '

REflECTION ~
V ttled;~~)

(ii) Li =Lr SNAIL'S LAW JJ., sin i =J.(lsin T

• •
tI) I, 't t nOfmaJ iY\ SDdtlt piN APPARENT DEPTH ti' = dill
f= R/2. liR C~'l'CAL ANGLE _ .;-
: ---i'o
I +.L_.L.
V t ..u. sit\ Be. = ~~1 e:)L
u-
M0;9nif."etdion m= _ * v
1:1

PRISM
h", ----.. . . .,-'
,

i' i

])-~,

ttlICRD5(D PE
Simple JYl= D/f
Compou,Y\d ~lL )(, V )£fe~
m-= .lL D Re.so Ivi I'lQ Po", R:; 1 =2 llSiMf}
LLJe u M A
lfLfSCOPE fo-----)~E:fe~
m= - fo/fe
L= fo+fe
n- \ _~I......­
t-\- ~e- ,.1l.)\

SPHERICAL SIJRFACE
.,ttl. _ M.! _ JJ2 -JJI .JJ., •.th.
v u. -
"1= 11, V
JJ2. ll

lEtJS MAkER's j=(H-I)(t.-t~

LENS FORMuLII ~ - -&: ::'1 i ~:: ~
~k>ER P= Yi
1 I , d
THIN LENSE~ F"= t. . . 12 - ilf!.
t. fl
 DISPE RSIO 1\1
Cdl1Chy~ Ll=.lto + A/x A >0
FOr SMall Ali
meo.n tieviotion ~!J =(~-l)A
Afl9Lllo.v tlispe.rsiotl 9 = Gu.:I-J).r)A
/ Dispersive Power
~w~ nv-My ~e
A.1.~-1 d~

U A'
DISPERSION o~
(tt.!l-I) A t (JJ!!j - OA' = 0
DEVIRTION ~
(ltv-My) A=(L4-.u~)A'
 AND
F=32+ !C L= LoCi + ~~T)
K=Ct 213.16 A= Ao (1 +2"'-bT)
Ideal Uas-) PV =nRT V = Vo (1. + 3o<.bT)
van tier WAOJ~
THERMAL STRESS
~i- ~)(V-b)=nRT £'=Y6L
A L-

IN TC H RY -
EavIPARTITION of ENERGY
K= !kT fOl M DoF
- -
K~ L kT -fuy f Der~ of
.2 f ...e.edoW1

Inkrntd tney~~ u:f nIH

F=.3 (rtlOnlltom·lt); 5 (didtomic)
n
: I .,{"MAXW£ll DISTRIBUTION
:: ' \~~ _ elkT _ 3RT
v" V VRMS V vh. ... S- ~ -
, •, M
r---....

VA"3 = V= 8kT = g T
P:3fV~ -.rtn 1TM_
VrnMt p10btlble == ll(T ~ lR.T
m M

~pec.ific.
hea.t S = tn~
La.tent heat L= G./M
Cv=fR Cp =Cv '" R t= epic"
(,,, = n. (Vi + ~ (111 r= 1'. (Pt +na c.P.2
n. + n~ n. (VI + Yl 1 CV2.
rrLAIJ .1Q =~u +\J 1J).=Jp.dV
ADIA6ATIC W=P,\!, - Pa"'1.
r-1
ISOTHERMAL \J .. nRT .Ln~)
ISOBARIC, \Al= p(V2.- V.)
AD'ABATI(:~Q=Oj PVt:eorist
IrDlAW ENTROPY !S= ~
IIrD LAid ENTROyY @ T= Ok =0
 CONDU(TlCW ~~ =- kA
~t
D:
The"llYltAi Resist~nce =~

IAIIEN~ ISPLACE~ENt
, AW\T:: b J KIRCHHOF~ LAW
,
I A1n ~
Emmisive POlAJer
Ab~orptive. POkJet
5TEfAN- BOLTIMAtVt\I _ EbOd~
~e~t = (Ie A T" -
4bo~
NfWTON5 COOLING = Ebkick bod!!
H:: -bA(r-l;.)
DIAPVL£ -:1.
MOI!1ENT E :.L.. zPCo~e
y Lfn-f~ y3
o , r: :.' .P. S't W\ e
~ 1./ 1\ e ~9 LflT"e
0
y3
p::. q, 0 E(y)
I . PloSS ::: V,,) DIAPDL£ b= ~"'E
'iITeo t'L ,-1 IN fiELD U:. -poE

GAUS~'5 LAW
 GALVA~OMETER ;
~Ammete¥' A·H--.-!~Arl-f-~.B
&6 =(;-~)S .s f-&
VOltnleteY' i i&~
VIIG= ~(R+6) A ~ G e
CAPnCITOR
Cho.~9in9
€let) =cv (1- e -ic:)
Di scho.~9ing
CJlt): 'I,oe-( t"/Rt)
FRRRDayj LAw nF
THOMSON £FF£GT £lECTROLVSIS
emf e= ~ =cr~T m =Zit=pEit
Pf[TIER EFFECT E =Chem ~vAlent
emf e= ~e Z=£ledroChem q,
F =16 tt85 (,/3
5£fBACK EfF~cr eI IT'\ Tneutr",I:-%
e = IIT + 1: bT To ~ Ti ') T;nvers;on= -24jb
 L
GROWIH :t v
i=*[l-e-L/R
DEtA'l
. . _ t L
1= 10 e '-IR
~
L-----'w~
·.-..I

"TIme (on~t. D= L/~

ENERGY lJ= Li2. t
ENERGV DENSITY of f,-fiELD
l.l = !l = 9'2
V 2j£J

)
ALTERNATING GURRENT
f-----o;~~
i= io Sin(wt+~)
• •

ly",S = 10/-12-

POWER.: i~ms·R

RrtlCTA NCE:
CAPACITIVE Xc. = 1/lA>C
INDIJCTIVE XL = wL
IMPEDANCE ~ = eo/io

R(-(IRCUIT LR -C\RCUIT
t
wL

ttl1l QJ: ~L
1:=1R.'-+Xt
XL = wL
RornTIN6 (OIL e=N~BUlSinwt

TRANSfORPlfR ~~= ~
1
c-- -V~t)6o
 HEISEHBERb
blL6p~h/.21T DE-·6t ~~rr
MO.sLEY~ LAW Vii -=- A (2 - b)
X-R~ D,FFAAc..TION 2t:l~iY\9=n~

NUCLEUS
R= R., AV.3; ~::1.11L IO-ts,.,
RR1)IO~~T'V[ DECRY
~~= ->.t\! N= Noe"t
HALf LifE tYl =o.&q3/~
AV9 LIFE- t4vS = 1/)..
Mass DEFECT
6m = [z m" +(A-l)t1l n)- M
BINl)I~6 E.
= ~m.c2.
Q-VRLUE Q= Ui-Uf 0
 '"
. . .,~I',-
-
, ---
'. ...
......
,,
I eras"
I
,

, '" ---

up
YOUiJiUBE. coMl/crash
------ 8Y VIKRAAIT ~IRAIL
liT kHARAfPIJR. ALIJI'IIIIIS