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Problem Solution Sheet 2

The document contains 7 physics problems involving concepts like work, power, energy, and systems. The problems cover topics such as: 1) Calculating the work done by a gas during a quasi-static compression process. 2) Determining the work done by compressed air on a piston that travels in a cylinder against a linearly increasing spring force. 3) Finding the torque developed by a turbine, power delivered to a propeller shaft, and rate of working of an 8:1 reduction gear. 4) Calculating the work done during a constant-temperature expansion of a gas obeying a particular pressure-volume relationship.

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72 views4 pages

Problem Solution Sheet 2

The document contains 7 physics problems involving concepts like work, power, energy, and systems. The problems cover topics such as: 1) Calculating the work done by a gas during a quasi-static compression process. 2) Determining the work done by compressed air on a piston that travels in a cylinder against a linearly increasing spring force. 3) Finding the torque developed by a turbine, power delivered to a propeller shaft, and rate of working of an 8:1 reduction gear. 4) Calculating the work done during a constant-temperature expansion of a gas obeying a particular pressure-volume relationship.

Uploaded by

Kusmakar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Problem – set 2

1. A mass of gas is compressed in a quasi-static process from 80 kPa, 0.1 m3 to 0.4 MPa, 0.03 m3.
Assuming that the pressure and volume are related by pvn = constant, find the work done by the
gas system.

Solution (Hints):
The initial state given by (p1, V1)
The final state given by (p2, V2)
Work Done:

2. A closed cylinder of 0.25 m diameter is fitted with a light frictionless piston. The piston is
retained in position by a catch in the cylinder wall and the volume on one side of the piston
contains air at a pressure of 750 kN/m2. The volume on the other side of the piston is evacuated.
A helical spring is mounted coaxially with the cylinder in this evacuated space to give a force
of 120 N on the piston in this position. The catch is released and the piston travels along the
cylinder until it comes to rest after a stroke of 1.2 m. The piston is then held in its position of
maximum travel by a ratchet mechanism. The spring force increases linearly with the piston
displacement to a final value of 5 kN. Calculate the work done by the compressed air on the
piston.

Solution (hints): Work is done against the spring by the compressed gas

1.2
𝑊 = ∫0 𝐹𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 3.072 𝑘𝐽

3. A steam turbine drives a ship’s propeller through an 8: 1 reduction gear. The average resisting
torque imposed by the water on the propeller is 750 × 103 mN and the shaft power delivered by
the turbine to the reduction gear is 15 MW. The turbine speed is 1450 rpm. Determine (a) the
torque developed by the turbine, (b) the power delivered to the propeller shaft, and (c) the net
rate of working of the reduction gear.
Solution:
Power of the propeller = Power on turbine shaft
𝑃
Torque developed by turbine = = 98786 Nm
𝜔

4. A system of volume V contains a mass m of gas at pressure p and temperature T. The


macroscopic properties of the system obey the following relationship:

𝑎
(𝑝 + ) (𝑉 − 𝑏) = 𝑚𝑅𝑇
𝑉2

Where a, b, and R are constants. Obtain an expression for the displacement work done by the
system during a constant-temperature expansion from volume V1 to volume V2. Calculate the
work done by a system which contains 10 kg of this gas expanding from 1 m3 to 10 m3 at a
temperature of 293 K. Use the values a = 15.7 ×10 Nm4, b = 1.07 ×10−2m3 , and R = 0.278
kJ/kg-K.

Solution (Hints):

Work done:

= 1742.14kJ

5. A ski lift has a one-way length of 1 km and a vertical rise of 200 m. The chairs are spaced 20
m apart, and each chair can seat three people. The lift is operating at a steady speed of 10 km/h.
Neglecting friction and air drag and assuming that the average mass of each loaded chair is 250
kg, determine the power required to operate this ski lift. Also estimate the power required to
accelerate this ski lift in 5 s to its operating speed when it is first turned on.

Solution (Hints):
Assumption: The mass of chairs is small relative to the mass of people, and thus the
contribution of returning empty chairs to the motion is disregarded (this provides a safety
factor).
Analysis The lift is 1000 m long and the chairs are spaced 20 m apart. Thus at any given
time there are 1000/20 = 50 chairs being lifted. Considering that the mass of each chair is
250 kg, the load of the lift at any given time is as follows:
Load = (50 chairs)(250 kg/chair) = 12,500 kg

Mechanical work needed to raise the mass:

The rest do it yourself.

Final solution: 43.7 kW

6. Water is being heated in a closed pan on top of a range while being stirred by a paddle wheel.
During the process, 30 kJ of heat is transferred to the water, and 5 kJ of heat is lost to the
surrounding air. The paddle-wheel work amounts to 500 N · m. Determine the final energy of
the system if its initial energy is 10 kJ.

Solution:
Assumptions The pan is stationary and thus the changes in kinetic and potential energies
are negligible.
Analysis We take the water in the pan as our system. This is a closed system since no
mass enters or leaves. Applying the energy balance on this system gives

7. Consider a 1400-kg car cruising at constant speed of 70 km/h. Now the car starts to pass another
car, by accelerating to 110 km/h in 5 s. Determine the additional power needed to achieve this
acceleration. What would your answer be if the total mass of the car were only 700 kg?
Solution:
Solve this problem yourself!

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