9

Research I
Quarter 3 – Module 2:
Probability and Non-Probability
Sampling

DIVISION OF ANGELES CITY

Research I – G rade 9
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 2: Probability and Non-probability Sampling
First Edition, 2021

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 9
Research I
Quarter 3 – Module 2:
Probability and Non-Probability
Sampling
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions,
directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand
each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each

SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you
need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of
the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-
check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust
that you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they
can best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any
part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and
tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering
the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.
 What I Need to Know

This module was developed for the Science, Technology and Engineering
(STE) students. It was written comprehensively to guide you as you learn the
different techniques in sampling. This module covers the two types of sampling:
Probability and Non-probability. The students’ level of understanding was
considered in choosing the language and style in presenting the lesson and
activities. The activities are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the
course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with
the textbook you are now using.

The module is summated into one lesson, namely:

 Lesson 1 – Probability and Non-Probability Sampling

In this module, we will focus on the two sampling methods: Probability and
Non-probability. Therefore, at the end of this module, you are expected to:

1. differentiate sample from population;

2. identify the types of sampling; and
3. identify and describe the methods of probability and non-probability
sampling.

These objectives are aligned to the most essential learning competency week
2 which is, to describe the types and methods of sampling.

1
 What I Know

Directions: Read each question carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. What is the technique in collecting data for a research where a smaller group
is created from the number of population?
a. Census c. Sampling
b. Interview d. Surveying

2. Which statement about sample and population is TRUE?

a. The number of samples is equal to the total population.
b. The number of samples is less than the total population.
c. The number of samples is greater than the total population.
d. The number of samples is always half of the total population.

3. What is the population in a survey about distance learning where 150 Grade 9
students are randomly selected from all the students from Angeles City
National High School?
a. All students at Angeles City
b. All the selected 150 Grade 9 students
c. All students at Angeles City National High School
d. All Grade 9 students at Angeles City National High School

4. What is the population if five fully grown trees were randomly selected from all
the trees in the campus?
a. All trees in the campus
b. All grown up trees in the campus
c. All trees in the nearby community
d. All grown up trees in the nearby community

5. Which of the following DOES NOT belong to the group?

a. Cluster sampling c. Purposive sampling
b. Convenience sampling d. Snowball sampling

6. Which sampling method provides each member of the population an equal

chance of being selected?
a. Convenience c. Probability
b. Non-probability d. Snowball

7. What is the appropriate method to be used in selecting the participants if you

want to study and know the experiences of the Persons with Disability (PWD)
studying in public high schools in Angeles City?
a. Convenience sampling c. Purposive sampling
b. Quota sampling d. Snowball sampling

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 8. When do researchers use multi-stage random sampling?
a. There is limited time and budget for travelling.
b. The population is widely scattered geographically.
c. All members of the population are given equal chance to be selected.
d. All of the above

9. Which statement best describes non-probability sampling?

a. It is a tedious process and time consuming.
b. It is a non-random process of selecting participants.
c. The samples are highly representatives of the population.
d. All members of the population have equal chances of being selected.

10. Which of the following sampling techniques is based on accessibility of the

participants on the part of the researcher?
a. Cluster random c. Simple random
b. Convenience d. Systematic

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 Lesson
Probability and Non-Probability
1 Sampling

What’s In

Directions. Read each statement carefully. Write TRUE if the statement is correct
and FALSE if it is wrong.

1. In an experimental design, you manipulate one or more independent

variable.

2. The hypothesis you formulated may be or may not be tested.

3. There can be two or more constant variables in your design.

4. Randomization is used to be fair in assigning participants to treatment.

5. In Randomization, the experimental research design is either

completely randomized design or randomized complete block design.

6. In completely randomized design, participants are assigned to

treatments in random.

7. A randomized complete block design is a type of experimental research

design where the participants are divided into subgroups called blocks
based on their characteristics.

8. In designing your experiment, two trials per treatment is recommended.

9. Conclusion may be discussed right after the hypotheses were

formulated.

10. A well-planned experimental design will ensure that data gathered are
right and will keep researchers on track.

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 What’s New

You have learned in your previous lesson that the research design serves as
your guide during your actual investigation. It involves a series of activities and
your plan of action. One of these activities you should plan carefully is the
selection of your participants when the population is too big or scattered
geographically? The next activity will give you an idea on how researchers manage
a large number of population.

Activity 1: Let Us Read

Directions: Read the Article about the Survey conducted few days before the
National Election 2016. Focus on the Presidential and Vice-presidential
race. Compare the survey with the actual results of the 2016 Election.

BusinessWorld-SWS May 1-3, 2016 Pre-Election Survey: Duterte leads Poe,

Roxas, and Binay in Presidential Race; Marcos and Robredo tied for the lead
in Vice-Presidential race; Drilon, Sotto, Pangilinan, Pacquiao and Hontiveros
lead in Senatorial race; AKO BICOL leads 16 with guaranteed Party List seats

by Social Weather Stations | May 06, 2016 11:50:53 AM

The latest national scores in the Presidential race are: Rody Duterte 33%,
Grace Poe 22%, Mar "Daang Matuwid" Roxas 20%, Jojo Binay 13%, Miriam
Defensor Santiago 2%, and undecided/others 4%, according to the BusinessWorld-
SWS Pre-Election Survey of May 1-3, 2016 [, Table 1].

Six percent of the validated voter-respondents dropped in ballots with invalid

markings.

The question was, “Kung ang eleksyon ay gaganapin ngayon, sino ang
pinakamalamang ninyong iboboto bilang PRESIDENTE, BISE-PRESIDENTE, PARTY
LIST REPRESENTATIVE AT MGA SENADOR ng PILIPINAS? Narito ang listahan ng
mga kandidato. Paki shade o itiman po ang naaangkop na oval katabi ng pangalan
ng taong pinakamalamang ninyong iboboto. [If the elections were held today, whom
would you most probably vote for as PRESIDENT, VICE-PRESIDENT, AND
SENATORS of the PHILIPPINES? Here is a list of candidates. Please shade the oval
beside the name of the persons you would most likely vote for.” The respondents
were allowed to fill in their ballot in private, and then deposit it in a container
brought by the interviewer. The list of candidates was in alphabetical order, and
included nicknames, as practiced by the Commission on Elections (COMELEC) on
election day. Names of candidates are as officially registered with the COMELEC.

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Vice-Presidential Race
The latest scores in the Vice-Presidential race are: Bongbong Marcos 29%,
Leni ''Daang Matuwid'' Robredo 28%, Chiz Escudero 15%, Alan Peter Cayetano
13%, Gringo Honasan 3%, Antonio Trillanes IV 3%, and undecided/others 5%
[Table 2].

Four percent handed in ballots with invalid markings.

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Survey Background
The May 2016 Pre-Election Survey was conducted from May 1-3, 2016 using
face-to-face interviews of 4,500 validated voters, 300 in Metro Manila, 950 in North
Luzon, 750 in South Luzon, 1,000 in Visayas, and 750 each in North Mindanao
and South Mindanao (sampling error margins of ±1% for national percentages,
±3% each for North Luzon and Visayas, ±4% each for South Luzon, North
Mindanao and South Mindanao, and ±6% each for Metro Manila).

The area estimates were weighted by the 2016 Commission on Elections

data on registered voters to obtain the national estimates.

A validated voter is a registered voter whose biometrics have been captured

digitally (i.e., digital images of his/her photograph, fingerprints, and signature have
been recorded) by the VRM. According to Comelec Resolution No. 9721, only
validated voters will be allowed to vote in the 2016 elections.

The May 2016 Pre-Election Survey is the fifth and last in a series of SWS
2016 Pre-Election Surveys. The first four polls in the series was conducted over
January 8-10, February 5-7, March 4-7, and April 18-20, 2016.Â

The SWS 2016 Pre-Election Surveys are not commissioned, and are done on
SWS’ own initiative. The national results of the three races for President, Vice-
President and Senators are released as a public service, with exclusive first-print
rights to BusinessWorld under the BusinessWorld-SWS 2016 Pre-Election Surveys
Partnership.

The list of candidates in the surveys of February to May 2016 was based on
the official Commission on Elections (COMELEC) list.
Electronically retrieved from: https://www.sws.org.ph/swsmain/artcldisppage

Based on the article you have read, answer the following questions.

1. When was the last survey conducted before the 2016 Election?

2. In the Presidential race, who is leading on the latest survey?

3. For the Vice-Presidential race, who are the two leading candidates on the latest
survey?

4. How many voters were interviewed face to face for the survey?

5. In what area/part of the country has the greatest number of voters included in
the survey?

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 What is It

In gathering data, the entire group where you want to gather data and draw
your conclusions is called population. What if the population is too big or scattered
geographically? What can you do to manage the population? Have you heard about
survey and sampling?

Sampling
When conducting a research, there were times that it is not possible to
gather data from every member of that group. This is where sampling comes in.
Sampling is a method of selecting participants (samples) in your study from the
total population.

✔ The population is the entire

group you want to study and
draw conclusions
✔ The sample is the specific
group of individuals that you
will collect data from

Why is sampling important in doing a research? Every researcher like you

faces challenges when working on a project. Most of the time, student-researchers
have limited resources but wanted to gather reliable data. With sampling, you will:
 save time;
 save money; and
 save effort.

To draw valid conclusions from results, carefully decide how to select the
participants that is representative of the population. The number of individuals or
observations included in an experiment is called sample size. It can be determined
using non-scientific and scientific procedures. Some uses a certain percentage of
the total population while some prefer to use complex formulas to determine the
exact number of samples.

There are two methods of sampling methods: probability sampling and non-
probability sampling.

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Probability Sampling

Probability sampling utilizes random sampling techniques to select

individuals to create sample. It is also known as random sampling. Every
member of a population has an equal chance of being selected. That is why this
method of sampling assures that a sample is truly a representation of the whole
population.

Goal of Probability sampling: to obtain a sample that is truly

representative of the population of interest

Photo was made in Avatoon

App

Let us define first what is a sampling frame. It is a list of all the items in
your population from which the sample is selected. It is a complete list of
everything or everyone you want to include in your study. This will provide a
means in selecting the sample.

There are five types of Probability sampling techniques: (1) simple random
sampling; (2) stratified random sampling; (3) systematic sampling; (4) cluster
random sampling; and (5) multi-stage random sampling. Let us take a closer look
at each technique.

1. Simple Random Sampling

In a simple random
sampling, every member
of the population has an
equal chance of being
selected in the study.
Your sampling frame
should include the whole
population. The
participants selected for
the study would be
determined through
some kind of “random”
process, such as
assigning a number to every member of the population and picking the numbers
out of a bowl or using a table of randomly generated numbers.

For example, you want to select a simple random sample of 50 Grade 9 STE
students from Angeles City. Assuming there are 310 Grade 9 STE students in the
Angeles City. You assign a number to every Grade 9 STE student from 1 to 310
and use a random generator to select 50 numbers.

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2. Stratified Random Sampling

Stratified random
sampling involves
randomly selecting
individuals from
subgroups of the
population to ensure
those groups are
appropriately
represented in the study
sample.

The population is
divided into subgroups
(strata) based on the
important characteristics like gender, age, job or any relevant attributes related to
your study. Based on the overall proportions of the population, you determine how
many individuals should be selected from each stratum. Then you use random or
systematic sampling to select a sample from each stratum.

For example, the company has 700 female employees and 300 male
employees. You want to ensure that the sample reflects the gender balance of the
company, so you sort the population into two strata based on gender. Then you
use random sampling on each group, selecting 70 women and 30 men, which
gives you a representative sample of 100 people.

3. Systematic Sampling

In systematic
sampling, every member of
the population is listed
with a number and
individuals are chosen at
regular intervals. You
choose every “nth”
participant from a
complete list.

For example, all

Grade 7 students of
Angeles City National High
School are listed in alphabetical order. From the first 10 numbers, you randomly
select a starting point: number 6. From number 6 onwards, every 10th person on

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the list is selected (6, 16, 26, 36, and so on), and you end up with a sample of 100
people.

4. Cluster Random Sampling

Cluster Random
Sampling is a technique to
randomly select participants
that are scattered
geographically and too large for
simple random sampling. Let
us say you want to choose only
1,000 Filipinos from the entire
Philippines, it is not possible to
make a list of all Filipinos.
Instead, you may randomly
select areas like cities or
provinces.
For example, A university has 12 campuses across the country. If you
cannot travel to every campus to gather data, you may use random sampling to
choose 3 campuses that you may include in your study.

5. Multi-Stage Random Sampling

The multi-stage random sampling uses a combination of any of the four

probability sampling techniques. It is normally applicable for big queries of
geographical area like the entire country.

Steps in selecting samples using probability sampling:

Select your population
Establish a suitable sampling frame
Choose the technique you will utilize to create sample
Start your survey or collecting data

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Non-Probability Sampling
The second type of sampling is non-probability which is the opposite of the
first one. This involves non-random techniques based on convenience or other
criteria set by the researcher. Since it does not involve random processes in
selecting participants, the members of the population will not have an equal chance
of being selected.

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 For instance, the population of your interest is Filipino senior citizens, but
you only selected the senior citizens in your barangay. Your sample would be non-
probability because senior citizens from other barangays have no chance to
participate in your study.

There are four commonly used non-probability sampling: (1) convenience

sampling; (2) purposive sampling; (3) quota sampling; and (4) snowball sampling.

Non-probability sampling

Advantages: cost effective, efficient and ease of use

Disadvantage: cannot determine if the sample is a
representation of the population

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1. Convenience Sampling
From its name,
convenience sampling
involves selecting of sample
convenient to you. You
may include in your sample
the individuals that are
accessible to you. It is easy
to use and cost-effective
technique but there is no
assurance that your
sample is a representative
of your chosen population.
For example, you
want to know the opinions of the students in your school regarding the
implementation of the Zero Waste Management. You ask your fellow students to
complete a survey after
your class. You surveyed
only the students in your
class and those nearby
you.

2. Purposive Sampling

Purposive sampling
technique involves you
JUDGMENTAL SAMPLING
using your own judgement
to select a sample who will
provide the best
information to the purposes of the study. In order to come up with an effective
sample, you must set clear criteria in choosing the participants. This is also called
Judgmental sampling.

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 For example, you are interested about the challenges encountered by
teenage mothers in your
school. You
purposefully select a
number of teenage
mothers that are
studying in your school
to gather data.

3. Quota Sampling

What comes into

your mind when you
hear the word quota? In
quota sampling, you set
a standard that will be your basis in selecting the participants. The sample is
created based on specific characteristics like gender, age and others. Creating
sample with this technique is time-efficient and entirely non-random. Study the
diagram, what are the standards set by the researcher?

For example, the list of Grade 9 students in your school has an almost
perfect split between males and females. This means that the representative
sample of Grade 9 students in 50% male and 50% female. If your sample is
composed of 150 Grade 9 students, then 75 responses from male grade 9 students
and 75 responses from female grade 9 students will be your target.

4. Snowball Sampling
If the population of
your interest is hard to
locate, the snowball
sampling technique may be
utilized to recruit
participants through other
participants. You may
contact few individuals
who will direct you to other
groups. The process will
go on and on like a
snowball increasing in size until you collect enough responses for your study. This
is also known as the chain-referral sampling technique.

For example, you are conducting a study about illegal drug users. You will
meet one individual who is willing to participate in your study and then that
individual will help you contact with other illegal drug users that he knows in his
area.

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 Differences of probability sampling and non-probability sampling.

Probability Sampling Non-Probability Sampling

● Samples are selected on the basis of
● The samples are randomly selected. the researcher’s subjective
judgment.
● Everyone in the population has an ● Not everyone has an equal chance to
equal chance of getting selected. participate.
● Researchers use this technique
● Sampling bias is not a concern for
when they want to keep a tab on
the researcher.
sampling bias.
● Useful in an environment having ● Useful in an environment that
a diverse population. shares similar traits.
● This method does not help in
● Used when the researcher wants to
representing the population
create accurate samples.
accurately.
● Finding the correct audience is not
● Finding an audience is very simple.
simple.

How will you select the appropriate sampling technique?

Plan and list your research objectives.
Identify the potential sampling techniques that may help achieve
your research objectives.
Analyze each technique on how it can help you create your
sample.
Select the technique that is suitable in attaining your research
objectives.
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 What’s More

Activity 1: Identifying Population and Sample

Directions: Fill-up the table by writing the population and sample in each given
situation.

Situation Population Sample

1. 500 public school teachers were

randomly selected from all
public schools in Pampanga to
find out which technology
resource is the most effective
tool for assessment.

2. A movie house plans to sell

popcorn. The management
surveys 100 visitors at random
to find out their favorite flavors
of popcorn.

3. There are 40 students in a class,

you created a sample by
selecting the first 10 students to
arrive in school.

4. A restaurant owner wants to

know if customers buy dessert
whey they eat out. As customers
finish their meal one day, 30
customers were surveyed at
random.

5. The town mayor wants to find

out the opinion of the residents
on the construction of a big
shopping mall in their area. A
group was tasked to survey in
random 1,000 residents.

15
Assessment 1: Is it Population or Sample?
Directions: Read each statement and determine whether the underlined phrase is
population or sample.

1. Out of the Region III total adult population, 65% said they are strictly
following the standard health protocols. 650 adult citizens were interviewed.

2. Of all the 2020 Grade 10 completers in Angeles City, 98% are enrolled in the
Senior High School.

3. 90 students currently enrolled in Alternative Distance Learning in Pampanga

were selected and surveyed about their experiences.

4. A survey of 400 STE students in Angeles City revealed that 65% of them own
a computer.

5. The average monthly income of the families living in Mayaman Village is Php
180,000.

6. A survey by the alumni of a prominent university found out that the average
monthly salary of the 1,000 among the 120,000 graduates was Php. 85,000.

7. The average weight of every 10th passenger of MRT within a 2-hour period is
148 lbs.

8. A recent survey of all Grade 4 pupils in ABC Elementary School found that
15% of the pupils are malnourished.

9. The average age of the senators is 58 years old.

10. A survey of 1,100 households in Luzon found that only 45% have their
internet connection.

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Activity 2: Types of Sampling
Directions: Study each diagram. Then, name the type of sampling technique.
A. Probability sampling techniques.

1. ______________________________ 2. ______________________________

3. ______________________________ 4. ______________________________

B. Non-Probability sampling techniques.

5. ______________________________ 6. ______________________________

7. ______________________________ 8. ______________________________

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Assessment 2: Probability or Non-probability?
Directions: Read each statement carefully and decide which method of sampling is
described. Write Probability or Non-Probability.
1. The participants are chosen in random.
2. Sample is created based on judgement and convenience of the researcher
3. It aims to produce sample that are truly a representative of the population.
4. In creating sample, it is more tedious and time-consuming.
5. Not every member has the equal chances of being selected as part of the
sample.

Activity 3: Sampling Letterclues

Directions: Identify the terminologies about sampling by writing the letter before
the given letters as clues.

1. Selecting the participants to be included

T B N QM J O H in the study.
T B NQMF
Q P Q V M B U J P O 2. It is the entire group where you want to
conclude.

T Z T U F N B
NU J D 3. The type of probability sampling where
sample is created by choosing every nth
participant from a complete list.

4. The specific group of participants that

you will collect data from.

5. In this sampling technique, the groups

in the sample are proportional to the
groups in the population

6. This sampling technique is usually used

T O P X C B MM when the participants are hard to find.

Q O P C B C J M J U Z 7. This method aims to create a sample

that is truly representative of the
population.
T O P X C B MM
Q V S Q P T J W F 8. The sample is created based on the
judgement of the person and his
knowledge about the population

18
 9. It is also called the accidental sampling
D P O W F O JN F O D F
where the participants are chosen based
18 on their accessibility.

10. This random sampling is a combination

N VMU J T U B H F of techniques and it is normally used in
a big inquires of geographical area.
O P J Z Q

Assessment 3: Recognizing Sampling Techniques

Directions: Identify the type of sampling used in each situation. Answers may be
repeated.

1. All employees of the company are listed in alphabetical order. From the first 10
numbers, you randomly select a starting point: number 6. From number 8
onwards, every 10th person on the list is selected (8, 18, 28, 38, and so on), and
you end up with a sample of 100 people.

2. What is the most convenient sampling technique to use for determining the
average speed of the cars on a section of highway?

3. A television reporter interviewed travelers stranded at an airport during a strong

typhoon about the efficiency of air travel in Philippines. Name the sampling
techniques used.

4. A large corporation wants to find out which retirement plan its employees prefer.
A member in each department will assemble a group and record the preferences
of each member.

5. In your class, you created a sample by writing the name of each of your
classmates on a separate piece of paper and then drawing these slips from hat.

6. If a food manufacturer would like to know the opinions of the country’s

population. They created a sample from each region where they will get feedback
on their product.

7. A researcher created a 200 sample from 4200 population. He assigned a

number for each individual from 1 to 4,200 and chose every 10th individual.

8. The city hall conducted a survey among the citizens regarding following
minimum health standards. They posted on their Facebook page and requested
individuals to send their responses through e-mail

9. The researcher wanted to survey about the experiences of HIV positive. He

contacted three individual he knows with HIV and ask them to recruit more
participants.

10. In an organization with 250 employees, the employer decides to create a sample
with 75 individuals for his survey. He asked all employees to write their name
on a piece of paper and place them in a bowl where he will pick 75 participants.

19
 What I Have Learned

Directions: Complete the concept map about types and methods of sampling using
the words in the box.

selecting participants either

by by non-
random random

selecting based on chance selecting based on

all members has select accessible

equal chances members

every nth
member is select based from
own judgement

random sample
from each group
standards are set
as basis in
random sample of
groups
20

combination of two participants recruit

or more methods more participants
 What I Can Do

Directions: If you could advise the researchers as to which sampling technique

best suits each scenario, what would it be?

Scenario Best Sampling Explanation

Technique to Use

1. A sociologist wanted to conduct

an opinion survey of foreigners
with Filipino partners about the
culture in the country.

2. Diana wanted to create a sample

composed of students in your
school from different grade
levels.

3. Mr. Cortez, the school principal,

wanted to select 30 teachers to
accomplish a survey.

4. A group of researchers wanted to

know the reasons why teenagers
engage in illegal drugs in school.

5. A shampoo company wants to

find out if their brand is better
than the other leading brands.

Question: What is/are the key idea/s you considered in choosing the
appropriate sampling technique to be used in each scenario?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

21
 Assessment

Directions: Multiple Choice. Identify the populations and samples from the given
situation.

1. A beverage company wanted to see if people in the United States like their
new logo. Which choice best represents a population?
a. A selection of logo artists.
b. 3,800 children age 5 – 15.
c. Every person in the United States.
d. A selection of shoppers from different states.

2. A musician wanted to see what people who bought his last album thought
about the songs. Which choice best represents a sample?
a. 250 girls who bought the album.
b. Every person who bought the album.
c. A selection of 3,294 people who bought the album.
d. A selection of people who didn't want to buy the album.

3. A gaming website wanted to find out which console its visitors owned.
Which choice best represents a population?
a. All of the website visitors.
b. Visitors to the PS4 section.
c. Visitors to the 3DS section.
d. Visitors who are on the website for more than 5 minutes.

4. Before a nationwide election, a polling place was trying to see who would
win. Which choice best represents a sample?
a. A selection of male voters.
b. A selection of first-time voters
c. A selection of voters over age 50.
d. A selection of voters of different ages.

5. A toy store owner tracking how much kids spend each month on toys.
Which choice best represents a population?
a. 227 rich kids.
b. 228 boys age 7 – 15.
c. 235 kids from age 10 to 15.
d. All of the kids who buy toys.

22
 6. A mayor wanted to see if the people in his town thought he was doing a good
job. Which choice best represents a sample?
a. 242 voters.
b. The mayor's family.
c. The residents of the town.
d. 1,000 unemployed voters.

7. The ABC corporation wants to find out which health benefits program its
employees would prefer. Which choice represents a population?
a. Selected 250 employees.
b. All employees of ABC Corporation.
c. All department heads of the corporation.
d. Newly hired employees for the last two months.

8. A survey will be given to 150 STE students in Alternative Learning Modalities

randomly selected from the Division of Angeles City. Which choice
represents a sample?
a. All STE students in Angeles City.
b. 150 STE students from Angeles City.
c. 25% of the STE students in Angeles City.
d. All STE students in a selected high school.

9. One hundred bottles of fruit juices were randomly selected for testing from
all the bottles in a warehouse. Which choice represents a sample?
a. All the bottles in the warehouse.
b. All empty bottles in the warehouse.
c. 100 bottles of fruit juices selected from the warehouse.
d. last 100 bottles of fruit juices delivered in the warehouse.

10. Members of the YES-O plan to sell plants as a fundraiser for their upcoming
activities. They will survey 50 students in their school on the plants they
want to purchase. Which choice represents a population?
a. All members of YES-O.
b. 50 students in the school.
c. All students in their school.
d. 50% of all the students in school.

23
 Additional Activities

Directions: Put a check on the characteristics of each sampling method and

technique.

consuming
population
represents
subjective

the same
chances
are NOT
random
sample

time-
truly
Techniques in
sampling

1. Cluster

2. Convenience

3. Purposive

4. Quota

5. Simple random

6. Snowball

7. Stratified

8. Systematic

24
 Answer Key

What I What’s In What’s New

Know 1. TRUE 1. The survey was conducted on May 1 -
1. C 2. FALSE 3, 2016.
2. B 3. TRUE 2. Rody Duterte lead the presidential race.
3. C 4. TRUE 3. For the vice-presidential race,
4. A 5. TRUE Bongbong Marcos & Leni Robredo were
5. A 6. TRUE leading.
6. C 7. TRUE 4. There were 4,500 voters included in the
7. C 8. FALSE survey.
8. D 9. FALSE 5. The greatest number of voters who were
9. B 10. TRUE surveyed were from Visayas.

What’s More
Activity 1
Situation Population Sample
All public school teachers in 500 public school teachers in
1
Pampanga Pampanga
Selected 100 visitors of the movie
2 All the visitors of the movie house
house
All members of the class /40
3 10 students
students
4 All the customers in the restaurant 30 customers surveyed
5 All the residents of the town Selected 1,000 residents

What’s More What’s More

What’s More
Assessment 1 Assessment 2
Activity 2
1. sample
2. population 1. Probability
1. stratified random sampling
3. sample
2. simple random sampling
4. sample 2. Non-probability
3. cluster random sampling
5. population
4. systematic sampling
6. population 3. Probability
5. purposive sampling
7. sample
6. snowball sampling
8. population 4. Probability
7. convenience sampling
9. population
8. quota sampling
10. sample 5. Non-probability

25
 Answer Key

What’s More What’s More What I Have Learned

Activity 3 Assessment 3
1. sampling 1. systematic sampling selecting participants either

2. population 2. convenience sampling

by
random
by non-
random

3. systematic 3. purposive sampling selecting based on chance selecting based on

4. sample 4. snowball sampling

5. quota
all members has
5. simple random sampling
select accessible
equal chances members

6. snowball 6. multi-stage random sampling every nth

member is select based from

own judgement
7. probability 7. systematic sampling random sample

8. purposive
from each group
8. convenience sampling standards are set
as basis in
random sample of

9. convenience 9. snowball sampling groups

10. multi-stage 10. simple random sampling combination of two

or more methods
participants recruit
more participants

What Can I Do
Assessment
Best
Sampling Explanatio 1. C
Scenario 2. C
Technique to n
Use 3. A
1     4. D
2     5. D
3 Answers may vary 6. A
4     7. B
5     8. D
9. C
Question: Answers may vary
10. C

Additional Activities
time-consuming
truly represents
chance are NOT
random sample

Techniques in
population
subjective

sampling
the same

1. Cluster

2. Convenience

3. Purposive

4. Quota

5. Simple random

6. Snowball

7. Stratified

26
References
Adanza, Estela G. Research Methods: Principles and Applications. Rex Book Store
Inc. Sta Mesa Heights Quezon City. 2002

Avatoon App.

Etikan I, Bala K. “Sampling and sampling methods”, Retrieved December 30, 2020.
https://medcraveonline.com/BBIJ/sampling-and-sampling-methods.html

Fonollera, Maura B. Developing Competencies in Research Writing. Melfon

Publishing Inc. Pasig Metro Manila. 2003

How to Choose the Best Sampling Method.

https://stattrek.com/survey-research/compare-sampling-methods.aspx

McCombes, S. “An Introduction to Sampling Methods”, Retrieved January 02,

2021https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/sampling-methods/

Probability sampling: Definition, types, examples, steps and advantages.

https://www.questionpro.com/blog/probability-sampling/.

Probability Sampling: Definition, Types, Advantages and Disadvantages

https://www.statisticshowto.com/probability-sampling/

27
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

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