NAME:__________________________________________

GRADE/SECTION:______________________________

12
Practical Research 2
Semester I – Week 6
Selecting, Citing, and Synthesizing
Related Literature

CONTEXTUALIZED LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS

SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PUERTO PRINCESA CITY
Practical Research 2 – Grade 12
Contextualized Learning Activity Sheets (CLAS)
Semester 1 – Week 6: Selecting, Citing, and Synthesizing Related Literature
First Edition, 2021

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 Lesson 1
Selecting, Citing, and Synthesizing
Related Literature
MELC:
Presents written review of related literature and conceptual framework.
CS_RS12-If-j-9

Objectives:
1. Identify relevant data to your study;
2. Cite related literature using the standard style;
3. Synthesize information from relevant related literature; and
4. Write a coherent review of the literature.

Let’s Try
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answer on the space provided
before each number.
_______1. Which literature review introduces several theories or concepts which focus on a
specific topic?
A. methodological review C. theoretical review
B. integrative review D. context review

_______2. What part of the literature review summarizes and synthesizes the different ideas
from the different sources?
A. recommendation C. conclusion
B. main body D. introduction

_______3. Which of the following refers to the chosen edited summaries of journalists for the
general readers?
A. scholarly journal C. dissertation
B. periodicals D. books

_______4. What part of a research write-up contains the references, books, journals, and
other reading materials?
A. appendix C. bibliography
B. instrument D. table of contents

_______5. Why does a researcher need to be cautious of some material found online?
A. It is too recent.
B. The quality is unknown.
C. It has been used before.
D. The author's name often does not appear.

1
_______6. Why is it important for a researcher to review the literature?
A. Because it is traditional.
B. Because it identifies like-minded researchers.
C. Because it shows the time spent on the subject.
D. Because it checks if anyone has done the work before.

_______7. Why does a researcher conduct a literature review?

A. Because they are paid to review it.
B. Because it shows the relevance of the research problem.
C. Because it is required in research writing.
D. Because it provides a foundation of knowledge on the topic.

_______8. What will most likely happen if you are studying a specialized topic like 'Common
symptoms of mentally ill children', but you search for something broad like
'Psychology of Children'?
A. Many relevant articles can be found.
B. Many non-relevant articles can be found.
C. A small number of relevant articles can be found.
D. A small number of non-relevant articles can be found.

_______9. Which of the following is NOT a purpose of doing a literature review?

A. Identify the need for additional research.
B. Provide the foundation of knowledge on the topic.
C. Identify works in the context of their contribution to the topic and other
works.
D. Identify constancies: research gaps, conflicts in previous studies,
open questions left from another research.

_______10. Which is the major disadvantage of using peer-reviewed journals in literature

reviews?
A. Subscription fees are high.
B. Humans control quality.
C. The information is too recent.
D. Information could be as old as four years.

2
 Let’s Explore and Discover

One of the first tasks in research work is to locate one’s

Review of related study in the existing body of literature available. As a
literature is a researcher, you need to do this so that you can determine if
compilation of studies you are building on existing study, replicating a previous
related to a specific study, or offering a new area of inquiry. The knowledge
area of research. created by other previous studies is essential because it can
be a baseline or reference for your research study in the
In-text citation is the
related literature.
reference made within
the body of text in the Conducting a literature review is important because it
paper. prevents duplication of studies and helps avoid problems that
others have encountered. It would be wasteful for a
researcher to begin working on a study without knowing what
others have already done.
A review of related literature is a compilation of studies related to a specific area of
research. It evaluates, classifies, and summarizes all the relevant previous studies
conducted on a specified topic. It is also designed to justify your research by exposing the
gaps in the previous studies. Your literature review must be centralized. Thus, you should
choose studies that are focused on your topic rather than collecting a broader scope of
studies that are already not relevant to your research.

Purpose of a Literature Review

• Provide a foundation of knowledge on the topic.

• Identify areas of prior scholarship to prevent duplication and give credit to other
researchers.
• Identify inconstancies: gaps in research, conflicts in previous studies, open questions
left from another research.
• Identify the need for additional research (justifying your research).
• Identify the relationship of works in the context of their contribution to the topic and
other works.
• Place your research within the context of existing literature, making a case for why
further study is needed.

(Source: “Literature Review: Purpose of Literature a Review”, Upstate Library, last Updated
November 10, 2020, https://uscupstate.libguides.com/.)

Forms of Review of Related Literature

1. Integrative Review
An integrative review is a common type of literature review in which the
researcher introduces and summarizes the recent knowledge of the study. It
emphasizes the agreements and disagreements of knowledge among various previous
researches. It also considers reviews, critiques, and synthesizes representative
literature in an integrated way to generate new structure and viewpoint on the topic.

2. Methodological Review
A methodological review is a specialized type of literature review in which the
researcher gathers and compares other studies to the current research.

3
 It summarizes and evaluates the strengths and gaps in methodological
aspects of various studies and illustrates the effects of different methodologies
(research designs, samples, process) on different outcomes. This approach also
emphasizes ethical issues when necessary, which you should consider and be
conscious of as you go through your current research.

3. Theoretical Review
A theoretical review is a literature review in which the researcher introduces
several theories or concepts that are focused on a specific topic. It is focused on the
theories and concepts being highlighted in other research and compare them to the
current study basing on its framework, hypothesis, consistency, and justification.
The theoretical literature review aids in establishing the theories that already exist,
the relationships of theories among various studies, the degree of its investigation,
and the development of new hypotheses.

(Source: “Research Design: qualitative and Quantitative Approaches”, CA: Sage Publications,
accessed November 15, 2020, http://158.132.155.107/posh97/private/Dissertation_
resources/Use_of_literature.html#creswell01.)

Types of Sources for a Literature Review

In doing a literature review, researchers must be acquainted with the three (3) basic
types of sources: general references, primary and secondary sources. General references
are sources in which a researcher refers to tract down other sources. Primary sources are
publications in which a researcher accounts for the findings of his or her investigations.
Most primary sources are found in journal articles. Secondary sources are publications in
which a researcher considers the work of others.

Where can you find a review of related literature?

As a researcher, you can find information about the research study in numerous
formats such as books, scholarly journal articles, dissertations, government documents,
policy reports, and periodicals. Most researchers are also presenting their findings during
meetings, congress, and conventions of professional societies and organizations.

1. Books
Books convey many forms of information. In writing the related literature, you
would want to consult a book that contains research materials and articles. You can
find citation information on them such as the title, author, date, and publisher in
the catalog system.

2. Scholarly Journals
Scholarly journals may also be referred to as academic journals or peer-
reviewed journals. They are filled with peer-reviewed information on the research.
Articles are written by a scholar in the field and the researcher is always identified.
A list of the sources of information like footnotes, endnotes, and bibliography is
always included. Typically, they contain advanced terminology since the researcher
uses technical language in their field of study. The researcher assumes that the
reader has a background and basic understanding of the field of research.

3. Dissertations
A dissertation is a final requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy
(PhD) in which the student or researcher must complete a work of original research.
Some dissertations are eventually published as books or articles which consider their
findings and contribute to the academic discipline. Since dissertations are original
research, they can be a source of valuable information.

4
 4. Government Documents
Most government agencies around the world support research undertakings
and publish the findings of the study. Government documents are usually kept at
the government and some school libraries. These documents are rarely found in the
catalog system. Assistance from the librarian is needed for you to be able to locate
these documents since it is considered as specialized publications.

5. Policy Reports and Presented Papers

Policy reports are also a source of information in the literature review. Policy
papers are not like typical research papers. Usually, they are discussed with non-
academic readers. They may initiate by identifying an issue or phenomenon that
usually claims an answer and they are focused on being persuasive. Moreover, policy
papers are written proficiently and most of the readers do not want to read a book
due to limited time. Generally, they are supplemented by policy briefs that
summarize the papers.

6. Periodicals
Periodicals are findings of the study which can be seen in newspapers, popular
magazines, television or radio broadcasts, and internet news summaries. They are
the chosen edited summaries done by journalists for the general readers. They are
deficient in numerous vital details that are required to critically evaluate the study.
Therefore, it is essential to supplement this information with other sources.

(Source: Rochelle A. Luzano, Ma. Doris P. Napone, Kim Charies L. Okit and Maria
Eleonor C. Bañares, Module in Practical Research 2, Department of Education –
Division of Cagayan de Oro, 2020,10.)

Steps in Writing Literature Review

1. Find/Search for the Relevant Literature

There are many ways on how to find relevant research studies. You may use the
following:
a. Search engines to facilitate your information inquiry. Make sure that they are
reliable.
b. University online library
c. Related dissertations

2. Log, Catalogue, and Synthesize

After searching and gathering the different relevant studies, you need to arrange
them for you to organize them easily.
a. Log the reference information. You may use a reference management
software.
b. Catalogue all relevant articles. You may use excel so that it will be organized
and systematic. You can make your template so that it will be efficient.
c. Digest and synthesize. Organize different ideas from different sources.
Arrange them according to the criteria that you made in your excel template.
This would make the connections of the different studies easier to identify.

3. Outlining and Writing Up

In-depth planning and enough time should be given importance during this
period since you will need to concentrate and have a focus on writing up your paper.
a. Draw up your outline. You need an outline for the structuring of your
literature review. Thorough reading and understanding should be done for you
to be able to plan and structure the ideas from your different sources. You can
use different approaches like chronological, thematic, theoretical, etc.
b. Write it up. After formulating the outline, you can now begin writing your
first draft. It is expected that your first draft is still rough. Your second draft
involves tightening up and improving the flow. There would be several drafts
needed for your paper to be polished.
5
 c. Recap. When you are finished with your paper, have it read by others who are
qualified (expert in the field) for further improvements. Comprehend and
incorporate their corrections and suggestions for the betterment of your study.
It is so much better if there will be more qualified people that can proofread
your paper.

In-text Citation and Referencing Styles

Citation is a reference to literature being used in your study. It is a way of giving

acknowledgment to the authors to whom you have referred their intellectual works and
creativity as support or foundation of your research. Typically, citations include the author’s
name, date, publisher information, journal information, and/or DOI (Digital Objective
Identifier) if present.

From the name itself, an in-text citation is a reference made within the body of text
in the paper. It leads the reader to a source where the information has been taken from.
An in-text citation should be reflected when you refer, paraphrase, summarize, or quote
from another author. A corresponding reference list must be provided at the end of the
study in the references or bibliography.

A reference typically includes only the sources that you have mentioned or cited in
your paper, while a bibliography is generally a list of all the sources you used to generate
your ideas about your research even if you have not mentioned or cited them in your paper.

Decide on what reference style to use. There are different citing and referencing styles
that are being used depending on the specific requirements of different fields of disciplines.
These include the Chicago Manual of Style by the University of Chicago Press, the
Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA), and the Modern
Language Association (MLA). Please refer to your Practical Research 1 (PR1).

6
 Let’s Practice

Directions: Compare and contrast the following terms by giving their similarities and
differences. Write your answer in the table below.

Terms Similarities Differences

Thesis and
Dissertation
Reference and
Bibliography

A theoretical
review and
methodological
review

Primary
sources and
Secondary
sources

Directions: Applying what have you learned from this module, write six (6) literature
reviews using the Chicago Manual of Style. Cite the source and make sure that you have
taken your information from a reliable one. Write your answer on a separate sheet of bond
paper using the format below.

____________________________________________________________
Research Title
Review of Related Literature

1. __________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________

(Source: ______________)

7
 Let’s Do More

Directions: Get ready for the presentation of your written review of related literature and
conceptual framework. The rubrics below will serve as a guide on how you will be rated.
The 4C (content, coherence, creativity, communication) technique will be used for you to
easily remember.

Rubrics for Written Review of Literature and Conceptual Framework

5 4 3 2 1
Content (35%)
▪ The purpose of the literature review
was stated.
▪ Studies reviewed are appropriately
arranged according to the format
chosen.
▪ The literature review presents an
extensive discussion of disagreements
and agreements.
▪ The literature review is related to the
current study.
▪ The conceptual framework is well
explained.
▪ Conceptual/Theoretical Framework
matched the research problem.
▪ The overall content is comprehensive.
Coherence (25%)
▪ Cohesive devices are effectively used.
▪ The organization of ideas is smoothly
presented.
Creativity (25%)
▪ The writer’s voice is showcased.
▪ Paper uses a variety of sentence
structures.
▪ Uses appropriate language.
Communication (15%)
▪ Sentences are well structured.
▪ Grammatical conventions are observed.
▪ Correct spelling and proper research
format are followed.
▪ The standard in-text citation was
followed diligently.
Legend: 5 – to a very great extent, 4 – to a great extent, 3 – to some extent, 2 – to a
little extent, 1 – not at all

8
Directions: After presenting your literature review of your research study and once
corrected using the guidelines given, you may start incorporating it into your
research manuscript and come up with your research proposal. Please be guided
with the following:
Font style – Arial
Font size – 11
Spacing – Double

Let’s Sum It Up
Directions: Fill in the blanks with the word/s that would complete the statement. Write
the correct answer on the line provided in each item.

1. Integrative reviews are summaries of ________________________________.

2. A methodological review provides not only a summary of the studies but also an
actual critique of the ____________________ of the method sections.
3. When writing ______________________, keep in mind the appropriate form for different
types of references and pay close attention to the format for multiple citations.
4. When writing the __________________ note whether the manual of style calls for them
to be alphabetized or numbered.
5. Most primary sources of literature review are found in __________________.

1.

Let’s Assess
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answer on the space provided
before each number.
_______1. What part of the literature review summarizes and synthesizes the different ideas
from the different sources?
A. recommendation C. conclusion
B. main body D. introduction

_______2. Why does a researcher need to be cautious of some material found online?
A. It is too recent.
B. The quality is unknown.
C. It has been used before.
D. The author's name often does not appear.

9
_______3. Which of the following refers to the chosen edited summaries of journalists for the
general readers?
A. scholarly journal C. dissertation
B. periodicals D. books

_______4. Which literature review introduces several theories or concepts which focus on a
specific topic?

A. methodological review C. theoretical review

B. integrative review D. context review

_______5. What part of the research write-up contains the references, books, journals, and
other reading materials?
A. appendix C. bibliography
B. instrument D. table of contents

_______6. Which of the following is NOT a purpose of doing a literature review?

A. Identify the need for additional research.
B. Provide the foundation of knowledge on the topic.
C. Identify works in the context of their contribution to the topic and other
works.
D. Identify constancies: research gaps, conflicts in previous studies,
open questions left from another research.

_______7. What is the major disadvantage of using peer-reviewed journals in literature

reviews?
A. Subscription fees are high.
B. Humans control quality.
C. The information is too recent.
D. Information could be as old as four years.

_______8. Why is it important for a researcher to review the literature?

A. Because it is traditional.
B. Because it identifies like-minded researchers.
C. Because it shows time spent on the subject.
D. Because it checks if anyone has done the work before.

_______9. Why does a researcher conduct a literature review?

A. Because they are paid to review it.
B. Because it shows the relevance of the research problem.
C. Because it is required in research writing.
D. Because it provides a foundation of knowledge on the topic.

_______10. What will most likely happen if you are studying a specialized topic, like
'Common symptoms of mentally ill children', but you search for something
broad, like 'Psychology of Children'?
A. Many of relevant articles can be found.
B. Many non-relevant articles can be found.
C. A small number of relevant articles can be found.
D. A small number of non-relevant articles can be found.

10
 Answer Key

Let’s Practice Let’s Do More

Answers may vary Answers may vary

Answers may vary Answers may vary

Let’s Try / Let’s Assess

1.C 1.B
2.B 2.B
3.B 3.B
4.C 4.C
5.B 5.C
6.D 6.D
7.D 7.D
8.A 8.D
9.D 9.D
10.D 10.A

References
Luzano, Rochelle A., Ma. Doris P. Napone, Kim Charies L. Okit and Maria Eleonor C.
Bañares. Module in Practical Research 2. Department of Education – Division of Cagayan
de Oro, 2020)

“Research Design: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches”. CA: Sage Publications.

Accessed November 15, 2020. http://158.132.155.107/posh97/private/Dissertation_
resources/Use_of_literature.html#creswell01

Upstate Library. “Literature Review: Purpose of Literature a Review”. Last updated

November 10, 2020. https://uscupstate.libguides.com/.

11
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