Rainbow Water Stacking Influenced by Sugar Density and Principle of Flotation

Experiment

___________________________________________________
A Laboratory Report Presented to the
Senior High School Department
Davao Doctors College Inc.,
General Malvar St. Davao City

In Partial Fulfilment of the General Chemistry II

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics

Submitted by:
Saguit, Chryzza Jharmaine C.
Samson, Naomie Sharis C.
San Juan, Kevin Kyle T.
Santos, Edmond Ray L.
Saplagio, Catherine T.
Sariol, Aisha D.
Sasam, Jemavelle L.
Researchers

Submitted to:
Clarisse Maye B. Diocadiz
Gen. Chemistry II Instructor

February 06, 2020

 Chapter I
INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents essential components which entail introductory chapter, the
rationale, which accentuate the missing points that need to be addressed, and then
proceeds to explain the objectives of the study that seeks to explain about what this
experiment proposes to accomplish, the significance of the study which discusses the
beneficiaries and benefits of the study; and lastly, the scope and delimitation which
identifies the boundary of the study with respect to the major variables and are further
clarified by the sub-variables.

Background of the Study

The use of sugar has various functions in terms of food production processes. The
well-known fact about the reason for its use is its sweet palatability. According to the
study of Zaitoun, et al, (2018), sugar is a building block of carbohydrates that are found
in any food naturally and used extensively in industry. There are numerous kinds of
carbohydrates, which include monosaccharide and polysaccharide, which have also
multiple properties whether in terms of the food processing or in nourishing, but aside to
its sweet aftertaste mentioned, sugar is also used as a factor that affects the density of
water.
The density of solution varies on concentration which is determined by the
amount of solute dissolved in the given quantity of solvent. In line with the said matter,
sugar, an example of solute that when put into water, may either dissolve or break up,
depending on its factors that will affect the sugar’s disappearance, whether if it was
combined with hot water or was stir thoroughly. Regardless of its way of blending, this
results in several outcomes; either it may remain visible or not, but still irreversible and
cannot be separated easily, unless filtered. This explains the principle of flotation which
states that any given object may sink in one liquid, but float in another liquid. The
floating object pertains to the lowest density seen at the uppermost layer in a liquid with a
different degree of concentration (Mukri, n.d.). In the same way, the more sugar added
into a liquid with similar amount of water given, the more it submerged and the higher
the thickness of the blend. This is the reason why the rainbow water stacks over one
another inside an empty container.
The Ancient Greek scientist who discovered the principle of flotation is
Archimedes. According to his principle of floatation which is also known as principle of
buoyancy, all the objects when put into the liquid experience an upward force or buoyant
force that causes the body to float if it displaces water with the weight equal to the weight
of the body. This buoyant force or the application of this principle depends upon how
dense an object is to be able to float or submerged. This accounts for the fact that the
object floats and stationary when buoyant force is equal to the weight of an object.
Objects that move up or floats, on the other hand, happens when buoyant force is greater
than the weight or density, and the object moves down or submerged if the buoyant force
is lesser than the weight or the density of an object placed into a liquid (Goyal, 2018).
 This experiment aims to prove the principle of flotation through stacking the
multi-colored water with different amounts of sugar each color and see if the colors were
separated and were layered according to their corresponding densities but keeping the
same amount of water constant.

Objectives
In this experiment, it is the hope of the observers, who are conducting the
experiment, to accomplish the desired result which is to stack multi-colored water in a
layer of rainbows and would like to attain the following objectives:
1. Arrive at the proper amount of sugar of the different colors but keeping the
amount of water constant;
2. Achieve the immiscible result of adding each layer of color into the empty
bottle; and
3. Appropriate arrangement of the rainbow water tower with the same thickness
each layer starting from the red (densest) at the lowermost and the violet
(lowest density) at the uppermost layer.

Significance of the Study

Purpose. The researchers conducted the study for the purpose of finding the scientific
explanation of the immiscibility of multi-colored water stacked inside an empty bottle
despite of being put together in a phased manner. This scientific explanation is supported
by the principle of flotation that states that all the objects with heavier weight sinks while
those with lighter weight upthrust. In addition to this, this experiment would also
determine the factors that affect the immiscibility of the multi-colored water used in this
experiment.
Product. At the end of the experiment, the researchers were able to build sugar water
density in a layer of rainbow mainly: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet.
If these conditions are not met, other factors the researchers come up with will come into
play to find out the desirable outcome intended for this experiment. In this matter, the
researchers were already knowledgeable enough to find out the factors that affect the
immiscibility of the rainbow water and arrived at the success outcome of this experiment.
Process. The experiment that the researchers once struggled to find out the process how
has met the desired outcome and was made possible through gradual process of using
each materials needed and following the proper instructions required in order to come up
with the proper amount of ratio needed to stack the tower in a layer of rainbow with the
involvement of the sugar density and principle of flotation. The data gathered and the
analysis of data in this experiment was based on the observations of the students after the
result was obtained.
Participants. The research participants or the human subject involved in this study who
were the target of observation were the ones who conducted the experiment. The
instructor of the experiment was also included in the experimentation.
Paradigm. The study was based on the observation of the researchers who were involved
and witnessed the outcome of the experiment and applied the principle of flotation as a
supporting theory that led to the scientific explanation of the experiment. This
experimental paradigm used similar assumptions and similar procedures from the
supporting theory to prove the study.
Presentation. The data gathered after the outcome of this experiment was analyzed and
presented formally in a written report manner.

Scope and Delimitation

The main focus of this experiment was the design of the effectiveness of the
rainbow water stacking that could scientifically explain how it was layered with the
involvement of different amounts of sugar in each color when put into a 1-L empty bottle.
This sugar that affects the immiscibility of the multi-colored water tower is also focused
in terms of determining its exact ratio in order for the color to float or submerged, unable
to be mixed when putting it together in one bottle. Finding the exact value in terms of
determining the amount of sugar that should be present in each color is way difficult
since it is delimited. In addition to what has been said, this study will also gather
interpretation and analysis of the data gathered based on the observations of the observers
after the desired outcome and studies or theories that could support and conclude this
analysis from reliable sources online.
The study gathered the necessary data needed to achieve the desired outcome in
conducting the experiment through observing first and analyzing the result during the
process in obtaining the exact ratio of sugar needed after creating a hypothesis and testing
them with doing the proper procedure, and in-depth research of information for gathering
and analyzing data within the duration of the time given of conducting the experiment.
The experiment and the outcome during the conduct of this study are at the Davao
Doctors College, Inc. which is the research locale of the experiment.
 Chapter II
METHODS
In this chapter, the materials that were used and procedures in the conduct of this
experiment in a phased manner gives a detailed account that was followed in fulfilling the
desired outcome of this experiment. The discussion on procedures and results obtained
after the experiment follows thereafter.

Materials
The materials used to obtain rainbow water tower are the following: 1kg of sugar,
1-L water, 1-L empty bottle, dye/s (red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet),
plastic cups, and disposable spoon.
The abovementioned materials were essential, not only for the successful outcome
of this experiment, but also serve as a set of instructions for anyone who desire to
replicate this experiment in the future. Sugar, one of the materials used, served as the
main component in the layer of rainbow of the multi-colored water tower, as it was what
differed in each mixture. Dyes were used to add and split up different amount of water
density through color classification in a layer of rainbow.
 Methods:

Prepare the materials needed for the experiment

Label the cups according to their colors assigned to

avoid confusions during the comparison between
densities.

Put white sugar into each plastic cups starting from

your method of choice; either from heaviest to lightest
density or from lightest to heaviest density.

Fill the cups with 8 oz (237 mL) of hot water to

improve solubility and use the different colored-dye.
Then, mix it together until the sugar is completely
dissolved.

Start making your own layer after pouring the first cup
into an empty bottle containing the most amount of
sugar.

This experiment begins with putting sugar in all 7 cups with different
measurements representing rainbow (red must contain the most of the sugar, while the
least should be the violet), keeping the water which will then be added in constant. Stir
them gradually until it completely dissolves in a solvent. After arriving at the proper ratio
of the sugars to be sure of its accurateness in terms of its density, start making its own
layer by pouring it into an empty bottle in a phased manner to evenly distribute the sugar
in all parts of the water. As more of the second color fills the empty bottle you poured
into, the separation between more dense that submerged and less dense that floats will
appear. If these conditions are not met, add another level of tablespoons of white sugar to
a color where there is an improper way of layering that occurred.
 Chapter III
RESULTS
This chapter presents the results gathered upon having observation during the
conduct of the experiment. Moreover, this result presents the central objectives presented
in the first chapter.
Results
The researchers were able to come up with the ratio of each mixture so that it
would remain immiscible once it is put together in the empty bottle. Presented in the
table are the measurement of water and sugar in each mixture.

Color of the Dye Sugar (tbsp.) Water (cup)

Red 44 1
Orange 35 1
Yellow 27 1
Green 20 1
Blue 14 1
Indigo 9 1
Violet 5 1

After stacking the rainbow water together in a phased or gradual manner, the
observers, who conducted this experiment, were able to achieve the desired result after
the numerous counts of trials. They were able to stack multi-colored water in layer of
rainbow without mixing them when put together in an empty bottle.
 Chapter IV
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS
This chapter contains the Discussion that would elaborate the results shown in the
previous chapter. This would greatly help in the analysis and interpretation of data
gathered. In addition, this chapter also presents the conclusion summing up what the
observers have been experimenting about and answering all the objectives of this study
reached by the end of the process of the experiment.

Discussion
The study of Lu & Murray (2019) discussed that the concentration of the solute,
the temperature of the system, pressure (for gases in solution), and the polarity of the
solute and the solvent are the factors that affect the maximum concentration of a solute
that can dissolve in a solvent at a given temperature. In relation to this, any objects
dissolve in a solvent more when the said factors affecting its solubility when being mixed
comes into play. This would result to better and easy mixture between a solute and
solvent for the beginning of the experiment in terms of its mixture and solubility. This
accounts for the fact that it is not just the amount of solute present that affects the density
when being mixed into a liquid, but also the factors affecting the solubility.
The aforementioned study was supported by the experiment of Spangler (2019)
which resulted in creating solutions that have increasing densities through increasing the
amount of sugar. Spangler also applied and added heat in the solution to add energy to it,
this caused the sugar in his experiment which is used a solute dissolved more and the
water molecules move much faster. The reason behind his experiment is to come up with
an increasing density of liquid with added sugars to the water that would make the
solution denser. With the involvement of the heat, applying the study of Lu & Murray,
his experiment results to a mixture of solute and solvent without making any efforts.
In addition, another experiment conducted by Hull (2014) who was able to
explain science behind experiment. According to Kathy Hull, disregarding the fact of the
amount of water in cups which held constant, they still contain varying volume since
there were different amounts of sugar which was used as a solute in conducting her
experiment added to each glass of colors. This accord to the fact that for an object to be
denser, each of the glass should be added with more sugar for it to submerged rather than
mixing it together.
The abovementioned study and experiments were further explained by the
principle of flotation which can be demonstrated in experimental process that determine
mass and density. The factors that affect the solubility of the sugar into the water results
in the change of density of the liquid when added enough sugar to either to make it float
or submerged. In order to determine the volume of the water in a container, enough water
is poured and added into it so that it ill submerged up to its rim. Concerning this, it will
then again add as another factor affecting the mixture of solute in a solvent (Kires, 2007).
 This explained that an object will float if it displaces as much water as it weighs.
In much simpler terms, principle of flotation or known as Archimedes’ principle states
that any weight that is completely or partially submerged in a liquid is acted upon by an
upward, or buoyant, force the magnitude of which is equal to the volume of an object
immersed in a liquid below the area for an object that is partially submerged in a liquid
(Britannica, 2020).

Conclusions
Based on the results of the experiment, the following conclusions were made:
1. The density of the liquid depends on the amount of sugar present.
2. The higher the amount of sugar mixed into a solvent, the higher the chance it
submerged, causing the colors immiscible due to their highest amount of sugar
interval.
3. The multi-colored water arranged in a layer of rainbow with the same thickness
due to the difference of level density in each mixture.
 Chapter V
REFERENCES
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https://www.britannica.com/science/Archimedes-principle
Goyal, S. (2018). What are the Laws of Floatation? Retrieved on February 6, 2020.
Retrieved at
https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/what-are-the-laws-
of-floatation-1518096369-1
Hull, K. (2014). Sugar Rainbow Density Experiment. Retrieved on February 7, 2020.
Retrieved at https://owlcation.com/stem/Sugar-Rainbow-Density-Experiment
Kires, M. (2007). Archimedes’ Principle in Action. Retrieved on February 7, 2020.
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https://www.researchgate.net/publication/243676727_Archimedes'_principle_in_
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https://www.stevespanglerscience.com/lab/experiments/colorful-sugar-
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