Hear Trans rer ees _ Heat Conpuction I+ states that pate of heat Flow by Conducton per unit aeq nonmat to the dinection of beat Plow in any dimection is _dinectiy prropottenal to temperature gradient ____ prtesent _ re srate of heat Plow J/g ev watt Anea normal to di? of heat Flow in m? Keni eenseint TGR ip thpertenolity diner 4 Thenmal Conductivity in W/7-kk ar wimrc = Gide thicknesBy — Fousien's Law Of Heat Conduchon | @ » -K dt A dx Qda eo -kadt Totegratng —betucen —boundany Cond” At “°0 ‘ Th xeb , Te Te QSdx = —ka (dr b T 6 {de = kA fdr ° q e 8 [tHe = -ka [Pr ]," Q [b-eJ = ~ka [-T7 Ob = ~ka (%-T) Heat —_Conpuc tion —Traoven—Comeosite Ware m Evectricac Anacoay OF Heat Conduction - A function that defines three panametors kA , Sb will be an analogous tem +o elechycal Mesistonce which 16 Known a0 thenmal prearstonct (Rum > B= KA (7-72) b‘Thenmal Peaistance . =| Consider a Composite wall of Surface anea A | & thickness by + sstetate Os =e 3 = fet 8 be the dese of heat Fiow in the dinechon fee ati as Shown = Wall faces ane maintained at temperature T, To | __ geen: ie. : | 2 be the thermal Conduct Ope TRate of Heat Aow- G= AT = Rtn + Composite Wall in payaliek - * | Hear Conpuction THrouan INF niTeLy Long CyeindeR *~ - Consider an infinitely long hettew Cylinder with tonex & Outen rtadius ae 4 ta m the tempeno ture | of innen & outer Surface Qe maintained at T 4 Te - Let L be the length of Cylinden GK be the thermal Ceonduchvity of matewal — As the length cf Cylinder is tmhnte neglect fempenatue Gradient aleag the aus 4 Conoiden heat Flow only in radial dimnechon: “OF Hyckness Jv ak a distance “7° fam Centwe=| Consides an elemental ning oF a Heat Conduction THRoUGR Hozcow SPHERE” - Consider a hollow Sphere with inner & outex madi; mS te _ The tempenatune of Inner & outex surfaces ane | maintained at T & To — - het Kk be the thewmal conductvity of -sphere = Heat flow is only in stadiak dinectiora ckness __stadiua 1% From the Centue- —, Surface anea of sing Is 472 By Fouwier's Law of Heat Conduction = -kdt 3s 7 Boundasy Cond”,a Newton's wf [J = k (%-%) Ge awk te (TTD [ (T2-%) ~ Law heat tens ten ana Sunbace & the heat Flew where e Rate of Heat Aw in Convechon wad by te fae Gs Ae ™T: T * he 4 Flowing fiurd in the dimecton of Ge ha (T-T ) Or CoorinG T+ States that pate of 156 dinectly pwepertienal te sus tace fempenatume difference between G «A (T- ™) Rate of heat Flow im as we woty Surtace anerinom® Tempera tune Of Bwubace ie Mar kk Tempenatune of Ganweundiag — Privd In °C Oe Constant ef prsperteoality aos Known ao Convective ME creFReeat in Ww, or Ww Pmt ec mek mega 18a * _ Ovennu Hear Taanerea Co — T+ is tre tenm equivalent te EFercieNT Cu) Convective heat _tnansken CoePPicient (h) which can be used +o fied the nate oF heat Flow Honugh Structures - i = or uA (T- > _Q@ = UA 4T “Composite Where, = Ovenall HT CoeFhicient in W/m? ee or Ww] m2 eo Fnom Electrical. Aralegy , we know G- 4T = AT —@® : Rm & Componing on—equatag— 9" @) 4@ @r= 42 oy UA 2 oo ER U vawe Fer Composite SeaB- Consider © Composite Slab oF thickness 6, & ba with thenmal conduchvity kk, & koTe be Sunkae temperature - be Convective H-T Co-ePficient - ir trig Case 5 Composite Slab is equivalent _b 4 resisters in Series. = Out oF 4 mesistors, R, 4 Ra sepmesents ve 4 R2 & Ra wepmesents Conductive Hesistors - | ec uA= Considen a Composite Cylinder having Padi #, ft, & Mg ith thermal Conductivity of material ok, & ko -\ ler T & T2 be innen & outer +emperatwres — bet h, She be Convective H.T CoePPicient of cylinder — Consider L ag leng th UAs 2 2 4 aR Ri + Ro tRgtRe - ure FO a 2 R, * Rae A, he Ae , = : 4 _ . t+ tas) + to (7) 44 h,A —— — aT ya mo ant k, 2Qnlke -* UA = 4 4 beg (4) + beg (Fe) +1 ‘onl Kg_.oaine.. a onal bea) ie anh Ky nlywT, “RADIATION . ~ - No need of any medium - Heat TransPen from one body 4 another body without any tuanamithag medium 1S Known a4 Hadiation ~ Radiant energy Falling On enengy (3 Partly meFlected partly transmitted & panty absorbed - Let 8 be the incident enensy Falling on body -~ Ga (5 the energy absorbed Gt 19 the energy tronamitted & Gy (5 the energy HePlected - -. 8 = Gat Ont Gt t= Gs + & +H 48 gS a — where K = CoePPicient OF absorptivity Y? = CoeFficrent of me Plec tivity 5 = Coefficient OF tnansmissivity 4 CoePPicient OF Absorptvity '- (KX) I+ is defined as "ato - of amount of energy absotbed (Gq) +e the amount of enengy Incrdent on the. bedy (8) K= Ga ey a CocfPicient of Reflechvity C%) It 1S defined as rahe of amount of energy *eflected CBn) to Qmount OF @nengy incident on the body (S) Xe be g% CoePhivent OF Tranamigdivity C5) It 1s debined as the matic of amount of energy toranemitted (Ge) to the amount of enengy incident on body (8) ° 5: & 3 Steran Bowtzrtann Law OF Rapdintiod It is used +2 Fnd the emissive Power of black bedy It States thot Emssive power of a black body 1S dimecHy preperrenal to Fourth power OF its absolute temperature Ex Tt & = Tt where, EL = Emiasive powen of black, body Per unt awea in w/m ® T = Absolute tempewature in ke S = Stefan Boltzmanns Canstant in W/m? ke <= Constant valve = 6.6% x ICA w) mic t Emi ssive pee of a bieck bedy defeed as wate ah which pe unt ane at Cemtan C&e) 's Sadiant Fium (/ heab is emtted From a peratume = Tt+s ume SusPace is wmaThe Glass jon has total anea dom? 4 lass is 4mm Hick Calculate quantity OF heat leaving Prom ‘oom Hough glass | When inside Surface of window 's at 25°C Outside Surface (8 at do%c ~ The value fey thermal Conduchvity for glass i's 0-84 W/m ae = 25°C S ie 210°C.» Kea O-B4w]mk Q = Bi 499 x fo2 w 2. Calculate — nate of WT by Convection between Hook of astea 20x. a ambient air, ff 00k ager es is | Gir temperature I's ba Assume average “HT CoePFicien + Foe a “Convection as 10 et law o[B= wore J : — - tegahve Sign indicate that — dinn of beat Flew ig opposite to dimection of x I+ means that heat Flow Pom took to Sar oun ding 3. A Gow incandescent Lamp has coil SurFace temperature OF 2500K. GF Moom +tempenatune of _ Book Fatimate the Surface anea of coff- By Stefan Boltz mann Law , A= 87095 x 10 m2| nate of H-T pew m> trough wall OF rom thick fnnen layer of A centrat layer ok B of loomm thick & outer layer of “c’ hick. Tempenature of 94S in the Puxnace c. with hy Fewlmroe . F Outside | BunPace tempt of Cis Foc . ky = 1-25 w]e ky = 0074 wimc | ke = 0-55 w/mic : Heat Plow 8“65 A Black body at 1100 Be kept in a black : Swercunding at Ro0%e without any Intenvening medium Caltulate the Mate of Heat Plux berg exchanged ae T, = ttoote = 373k Te aot = 473k a = 5 CF KITS wi]mtkt. EG, = G = Heat Fux © 2, a eee 2 (ut- Tet) - 0 (313*- 4a3%] Be © Determine the Mate of Heat flow Fhnough “boiler wal/ made of 3cm “thicls Greek & Covered with an insulahng material of 0.5m thick “Tempera rune of Wall inside He boiler is 300°C 4 tempt of outex Surface 13 50°C = Ksreet = Go w]m- k ‘an = 0-12 wim-k (Given) by, = Bem: 003m | by ke = 012W)mie T= 50% = 50273 = 323K O-sem= 0005m , K, = 60 w/e k = 3004273 = 543k a a Tr | kK F01 es] \ a 5