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Bushong: Radiologic Science For Technologists, 11th Edition

bushong - chapter 4

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593 views

Bushong: Radiologic Science For Technologists, 11th Edition

bushong - chapter 4

Uploaded by

gasai gasai
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as RTF, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Bushong: Radiologic Science for Technologists, 11th Edition

Chapter 04: Electricity, Magnetism, and Electromagnetism

Answers to Challenge Questions

1. a. 1 Coulomb = 6.3 ´ 1018 electrons. PAGE 62


b. Electric charges in motion. PAGE 61
c. Electric power (W) = Electric current (A) ´ Electric potential (V). PAGE 69
d. Stationary electric charges. PAGE 61
e. A dipole is an object with two poles. PAGE 71
f. The ability to transfer energy from one object to another without touching. PAGE 61
AND 77
g. An accumulation of many atomic magnets with their dipoles aligned. PAGE 7
h. An iron core transformer with only one winding. PAGE 80
i. Both are units of magnetic intensity. 10,000 gauss = 1 tesla. PAGE 75
j. The energy per unit charge that causes electrons to move in an electric conductor;
electric potential is measured in volts (V). PAGE 65

2. (a) 50 W (b) 2.4 W. PAGE 67

3. (a) 70 V (b) 16.8 V. PAGE 67

4. 100 mAs = 0.1 C = 6.3 ´ 1017 electrons. PAGE 62

5. Closed-core transformer, autotransformer, and shell-type transformer. PAGE 79-80

6. Contact, friction, induction. PAGE 61

7. Unlike charges attract; like charges repel; Coulomb’s Law of electrostatic force;
electrostatic force follows the inverse square law; electric charges are uniformly
distributed except at regions of high curvature where they are concentrated. PAGE 63 TO
65

8. Humidity allows excess electrons to attach to water molecules in the air. PAGE 61

9. 1000:1. PAGE 80

10. 100 Amps. PAGE 80

11. (5 G/10,000) = 0.5 mT. PAGE 75

12. The high-voltage generators in x-ray imaging systems are magnetic devices. Magnetic
resonance imaging deals with static and varying magnetic fields.

Copyright © 2017, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved.


Answers to Challenge Questions 4-2

13. Permanent magnets; electromagnets; superconducting magnets. PAGE 71

14. Current-carrying coil wrapped around a ferromagnetic core. PAGE 77

15. The magnetic domain causes the internal dipoles of the object to align; thus the object
turns into a magnet. PAGE 71

16. Voltage is equal to the product of current and resistance. It is a characteristic used in
the design of all electric circuits. PAGE 67

17. It loses its magnetic properties. PAGE 71

18. Wood, water, and plastics. PAGE 72

19. Automatic door opening devices and other controllers.

20. From approximately 50 to 100 mT. PAGE 81

Copyright © 2017, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved.


Answers to Challenge Questions 4-3

CHALLENGE QUESTIONS

1. Define or otherwise identify the following:

a. Electric charge and its unit


1 Coulomb = 6.3 ´ 1018 electrons. PAGE 62

b. Electrodynamics
Electric charges in motion. PAGE 61

c. Electric power
Electric power (W) = Electric current (A) ´ Electric potential (V). PAGE
69

d. Electrostatics
Stationary electric charges. PAGE 61

e. Dipole
A dipole is an object with two poles. PAGE 71

f. Induction
The ability to transfer energy from one object to another without touching.
PAGE 61 AND 77

g. Magnetic domain
An accumulation of many atomic magnets with their dipoles aligned.
PAGE 7

h. Autotransformer
An iron core transformer with only one winding. PAGE 80

i. Gauss; Tesla
Both are units of magnetic intensity. 10,000 gauss = 1 tesla. PAGE 75

j. Electric potential
The energy per unit charge that causes electrons to move in an electric
conductor; electric potential is measured in volts (V). PAGE 65

2. What is the total circuit resistance when resistive elements of 5, 10, 15, and 20 Ω
are connected in (a) series and (b) parallel?

a. 50 W

b. 2.4 W. PAGE 67

Copyright © 2017, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved.


Answers to Challenge Questions 4-4

3. If the total current in the circuit in question 2 is 7 A, what is the voltage across the
10 Ω resistor for (a) series and (b) parallel operation?

a. 70 V

b. 16.8 V. PAGE 67

4. A radiographic exposure requires 100 mAs. How many electrons is this?

5. Describe three types of transformers.

6. What are the three ways to electrify an object?

7. List the four laws of electrostatics.

8. Why is electrification easier in dry Phoenix than in humid Houston?

9. A mobile x-ray imaging system operates on 110 VAC power. Its maximum capacity is
110 kVp and 100 mA. What is the turns ratio of the high-voltage transformer?

10. What should be the primary current in the previous question to produce a secondary
current of 100 mA?

11. Magnetic fields in excess of 5 G can interfere with cardiac pacemakers. How many
mT is this?

12. What is the role of magnetism in the study of x-ray imaging?

13. List the three principal types of magnets.

14. Describe an electromagnet.

15. Explain how a magnetic domain can cause an object to behave like a magnet.

16. State Ohm’s law and describe its effect on electric circuits.

17. What happens when a bar magnet is heated to a very high temperature?

18. List three diamagnetic materials.

19. Where in everyday life might one find an electromagnet?

20. What is the range in intensity of the Earth’s magnetic field

Copyright © 2017, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved.

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