Ministry of Municipal & Rural Affairs

Parking Design Manual

2019 AD – 1441 AH
In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful
Table of Contents
Introduction ………………………………………………………………….. 9
1 Scope and Applications Limits …………………………………………. 12
1.1 S
Scope of Application ………………………………………………….. 12
1.2 T
Target Group …………………………………………………………… 12
1.3 S
cope Exceptions ……………………………………………………… 12
2. On-street Car Parks . ……………………………………….…………… 13
2.1 Car Parks ………………………………………………………………… 13
2.2 On-street Bus Parks
3. Off-street Car Parks ……………………………………………………….. 28
Surface car parks ……………………………………………………………. 28
3.1 Design guidelines for surface parking ……………………..…………... 28
3.2 Entrances and exits of surface parking ………………………..…………... 29
3.3 Internal service corridors …………………….…..………………………….. 29
3.4 Car movement in the surface parking lots…….……………………………. 33
3.5 Corridor curves in surface parking lots …………………………………. 34
4. Underground Car Parks ………………………………..……………………. 36

5. Multi-storey Car Parks …………………………………….…………………. 38

5.1 Location of the multi-storey car parks ……………………………………. 38

5.2 Entrances of the multi-storey car parks …………………………………. 38

5.3: Exits of the multi-storey car parks …………………………….…………. 39

5.4 Design requirements for the multi-storey car parks ……………………. 39

5.5 Design requirements for ramps …………………………………………... 39

6. Parking Spaces of People with Disabilities ……………………………… 41
7. Signage and Ground Marks …………………………………….………….. 42
7.1 Signage …………………………………….………………………………… 42
7.2 Signage for the parking spaces of the physically disabled ………….. 42
3.7 Ground Marks …………………………………….………………………… 43
8 - Safety and security precautions ……………………………..……………. 46
8.1 Entrances and exits ………………………………………………………… 46
8.2 Slopes and lanes ……………………………………………………………. 46
8.3 Bumpers on the parking floor …………………………….………………. 46
8.4 Protection against fire …………………………………………………….… 46
8.5 Protection against crime ……………………………………………………. 46
8.6 Other considerations ………………………………………………………… 47
9. Structural requirements ……………………………………………………… 49
9.1 Tiles ……………………………………....……………………………………..49
9.2 Barriers and bumpers ………………………………….………………..…… 49
9.3 Fences and surrounding works …………………………………..………… 50
10. Mechanical requirements and fire fighting ……………..……………… … 51
10.1 Requirements of ventilation and air conditioning ……………………… 51
10.2 Health work requirements ……………………………………………...… 52
10.3 Requirements of firefighting works ……………………………………… 52
11. Electrical requirements …………………………………………………….… 53
12. Operation and Maintenance ……………………………………………….. 54
12.1 Operation …………………………………….……………………………… 54
12.2 Maintenance …………………………………….……………………….… 54
13. Smart Parking ………………………………….……………….…………… 55
14. Duration of update, property rights and reference ……………………… 56
Introduction

Road and traffic engineers seek to build a road network capable of serving the
largest number of population communities and to achieve safe and
comfortable movement for vehicles on this network. The availability of on-
street and off-street parking spaces in the urban areas is an important factor
that contributes to enhancing the efficiency of road operation.

The Ministry of Municipal & Rural Affairs (MoMRA) pays attention to car
parks in general, and the multi-storey parks in particular. Out of its belief in
the role it has to play in providing parking spaces for the largest number of
vehicles, MoMRA encourages investment in parking construction and
operation. This works on reducing the pressure on roads and achieves traffic
fluidity, which is one of the goals of the KSA's Vision 2030.

From this standpoint, the MoMRA's Deputy for Technical Affairs has updated
and developed the previous version of the vehicle parking and renamed it to
be "Parking Design Manual". The new version mainly reviews the design
guidelines necessary for the different types of car parks to achieve efficient
parking. It also includes technical, mechanical, and electrical construction
requirements and recommendations for safety, operation, and maintenance.

This version has an essential change regarding the dimensions of the parking
lots to be convenient to the dimensions of modern vehicles of larger size.

Besides, the version addresses the requirements of people with disabilities in

both surface and multi-storey car parks. It also includes a chapter for on-street
mass transit bus stops.

The MoMRA's Deputy for Technical Affairs will continuously update the
manual if necessary, or if there are new data, experiences, or practices that
require updating.
Chapter 1

Scope and Application Limits

1. Scope and Applications Limits
1.1 Scope of Application
The scope of this manual covers new and different car parks, namely:
• On-street car parks
• On-street mass transit bus stops
• Surface car parks
• Underground car parks
• Multi-storey car parks.

1.2 Target Group

This manual aims several categories:

• Governorate and municipality employees and consultants who

are concerned with planning and designing the urban roads and
streets that have parking spaces.
• Architects and engineers who design projects with surface,
underground, or independent multi-storey car parks.
• Investors who want to invest in establishing and operating
traditional or automated multi-storey car parks, (smart parks).

1.3 Scope Exceptions

Except for the above-mentioned in paragraph (1-1), Scope of

Application, for on-street mass transit bus stops, this manual does not
apply to bus and truck storage garages in general, including:

• Company and factory buses assigned to transporting employees

and workers
• Bus transport stations
• Goods transportation centers

Bus transport stations and goods transportation centers are covered in

another version related to the requirements of transport and vehicle
service centers. This manual does not address the details of
implementation and operation of the smart parks and the necessary
infrastructure thereto as they shall be presented in a more
comprehensive version that includes intelligent transportation systems
(ITS) and smart roads. It includes only a paragraph that broadly
presents the prospects and possibilities of smart parks.
 Types of Car Parks

Car parks are divided into four main types:-

• On-street car parks

• Off-street car parks (surface parks or parking lots)
• Underground car parks
• Multi-storey car parks
Chapter 2
On-street Car Parks
 2. On-street Car Parks
2.1 Car Parks

2.1.1 Longitudinal Parallel Lanes / Parking Spaces

Longitudinal parallel parking is one of the most common types used in urban
areas. The width of these parking spaces ranges from 2.5m to 3.6m,
depending on the road level, land use, and vehicle design. In the residential
and commercial areas, the width of the parking space shall be 2.5 m. In
industrial areas, it shall be 3.6 m. The length of the parking space shall be 6.5
m, as shown in Figure (1). Figure (2) shows the dimensions of longitudinal
parallel parking space in the industrial areas.

Table (1) shows the width of the on-street longitudinal parking space based
on land use and road level.

2.5 m

6.5 m

Figure (1) Minimum dimensions of the longitudinal parallel parking space

in the residential areas

3.6 m

6.5 m

Figure (2) Minimum dimensions of the longitudinal parallel parking space

in the industrial areas
 Table (1) Width of on-street longitudinal lane or parking space

Category Main Roads Collective Local Streets

Activity Main Secondary Roads
Residential Area 2.5 m 2.5 m
Commercial Area 2.5 – 3.3 m 2.5 – 3.3 m 2.5 – 3.3 m 2.5 – 3.3 m
Industrial Area 3.6 m 3.6 m

Longitudinal parallel parking includes parking lanes and spaces. The parking
lanes are a part of the street pavement and can be used to improve traffic
fluidity when necessary. As for the parking spaces, they form a part of the
street pavement, but are 5 cm higher than the traffic lane. The following
standards must be taken into account when designing longitudinal parking
lanes or spaces:

A- Design standards of the parking lanes

1. If a parking lane is used, the minimum one-way lane should be 6.0 m,
including 3.5 m for the traffic lane, and 2.5 m for the parking lane
provided that the road is not divided by a central traffic island, as
shown in Figure (3).
2. The distance of the longitudinal parking space should not be less than
6.50 m in the side parallel to the pavement and not less than 2.5 m
in the side perpendicular to the pavement, as shown in Figure (1).
3. The parking spaces must be determined by paints as shown in Figure
(4).
4. At the intersections organized by a traffic light, the distance between
the stop line and the first parking space must not be less than 9 m at
the intersection entrance. Likewise, the distance between the place
assigned for the pedestrian crossing and the first parking space must
not be less than 6 m at the intersection exit as shown in Figure (4).
5. At the intersections not organized by a traffic light, the distance
between the stop line and the first parking space must not be less than
6 m at the intersection entrance, and the distance between the
pedestrian crossing point and the first parking space must not be less
than 6 m at the exit of the intersection as shown in Figure
(4).
6. If there are acceleration or deceleration lanes, the foregoing distances
shall be measured from the beginning of the tapered part to the first
parking space at the intersection entrance, and from the end of the
tapered part to the first parking space at the exit of the intersection.

Figure (3) Minimum street width for adding parking lanes

 Intersection with traffic light

Intersection without traffic

light

No parking No parking

No parking No parking

Intersection with traffic light Intersection without traffic

light

Figure (4) Minimum distance for parking spaces from the intersections

B- Design standards of the parking spaces

1. At the intersections organized by a traffic light, the distance
between the stop line and the first parking space must not be less
than 15 m at the intersection entrance. Likewise, the distance
between the place assigned for the pedestrian crossing and the first
parking space must not be less than 6 m at the intersection exit as
shown in Figure (5).
 2. At the intersections not organized by a traffic light, the distance
between the stop line and the first parking space must not be less
than 6 m at the intersection entrance, and the distance between the
pedestrian crossing point and the first parking space must not be
less than 6 m at the exit of the intersection as shown in Figure
(6).
3. The distance from the road intersection and the first parking space
must not be less than 15 m on the main roads as shown in Figure
(7).
4. The distance from the curb of the bypass road and the first parking
space should not be less than 6 m on both sides, as shown in Figure
(7).
5. The minimum dimensions of the parallel parking spaces shall be 6.5
m in the side parallel to the pavement and 2.5 m in the side vertical
to the pavement as shown in Figure (5).
6. The parking spaces shall be determined by connected white lines of
0.10 m.
7. If there are acceleration or deceleration lanes, the foregoing
distances shall be measured from the beginning of the first parking
space to the tapered part at the intersection entrance and from the
end of the tapered part to the first parking space at the exit of the
intersection.
8. It is preferable to allocate 5% of the parking spaces on the
commercial roads to electric cars. Such parks shall be provided with
energy sources to charge cars.

Traffic light
Traffic light Pavement
Pavement
Intersection with
traffic light

Figure (5) Longitudinal parking spaces at an intersection organized by a traffic light

Pavement
Pavement

Intersection Intersection
without traffic light without traffic light
Figure (6) Longitudinal parking spaces at an intersection not organized by a traffic
light
Byp
ass
Roa
d

Not
less
tha
n6
m Not less than 15 m

Main Road

Figure (7): Minimum distance for the first parking space from the intersection by the
road level
2.1.2 Angled or Perpendicular Parking

This is the other type of on-street parking. It provides a greater number of

parking spaces compared to the parallel parking lots. It also offers easy
maneuverability to enter the parking lot.

However, this type of parking compromises the traffic movement in the

adjacent traffic lanes. So, it is necessary when using angled or perpendicular
parking lanes to add a special lane for parking lots to reduce the impact of
vehicle maneuverability on the adjacent traffic lanes when entering into or
exiting from the parking lots.

This type of parking also requires more width due to the clear differences in
vehicle length and the limited field of viewing available for cars when exiting
from the parking lots. This limited field of viewing increases whenever the
parking angle increases.

It usually uses angles of 30 °, 45 °, 60 ° or 90 ° (perpendicular parking) in the

direction of the parking traffic. It is noted that the number of perpendicular
parking spaces within a specified length of the road is greater compared to
other types of on-street parking. However, it needs more space for
maneuverability than the other angled parking types.

The width and length of the perpendicular or angled parking space is 3 m and
6 m respectively, as shown in Figure (8)

Angle of Angle of
inclination inclination

Traffic Direction

Figure (8) Dimensions of the perpendicular or angled parking space

A. Design standards of angled and perpendicular parking spaces

• The width and length of all angled (of different degrees) and
perpendicular (90 degrees) parking spaces shall be 3.0 m and 6.0
m respectively.
• The distance should not be less than 12 m for all types of
intersections starting from the point of pedestrian crossing and
the first parking space at the beginning of the road (according to
the direction of traffic on the road) and not less than 9 m from
the stop line and the last parking space at the end of the road
(according to the direction of traffic on the road), as shown in
Figure (9).
• The distance from the curb of the intersecting bypass roads to
the first parking space should not be less than 9 m on both sides.
• When using parking spaces of 30 degrees angle in the direction
of the road traffic, the minimum width of the one-way road
shall be 4 m, and the perpendicular dimension of the parking
space on the pavement shall be 5.6 m, as shown in Figure (10).
Besides, the minimum width of the two-way road shall be 8 m,
as shown in Figure (11).
• When using parking spaces of 45 degrees angle in the direction
of the road traffic, the minimum width of the one-way road
shall be 4.2 m, and the perpendicular dimension of the parking
space on the pavement shall be 6.4 m, as shown in Figure (12).
Besides, the minimum width of the two-way road shall be 8.4 m
as shown in Figure (13).
• When using parking spaces of 60 degrees angle in the direction
of the road traffic, the minimum width of the one-way road
shall be 5.4 m, and the perpendicular dimension of the parking
space on the pavement shall be 6.7 m, as shown in Figure (14).
Besides, the minimum width of the two-way road shall be 10.8
m as shown in Figure (15).
• When using perpendicular parking spaces (of 90 degrees angle
in the direction of the road traffic), the minimum width of the
one-way road shall be 7.6 m, and the perpendicular dimension
of the parking space on the pavement shall be 6 m, as shown in
Figure (16). Besides, the minimum width of the two-way road
shall be 15.2 m as shown in Figure (17).
• Parking spaces shall be determined by paint through connected
white lines of 0.10 m width or by ceramic slabs with not less
than 0.750m gaps for the lines separating the parking spaces.
• If there are acceleration or deceleration lanes, the distances shall
be measured from the beginning of the tapered part to the first
parking space at the intersection entrance, and from the end of
the tapered part to the first parking space at the exit of the
intersection.
 Maneuverability lane

Figure (9) Minimum distance of the angled parking spaces from the pedestrian
crossing line and the stop line at the intersections

No
Not less than 9 m Not less than 12 m
t
les
s
Not less than 12 m Not less than 9 m
th
an
9
m

Figure (10) Minimum distance of the angled parking spaces at 30 degree angle and
their dimensions on a one-way road

No
Not less than 9 m t Not less than 12 m
les
Not less than 12 m s
Not less than 9 m
th
an
8
m

Figure (11) Minimum distance of the angled parking spaces at 30 degree angle and
their dimensions on a two-way road
 No
t
Not less than 9 m Not less than 12 m
les
s
Entrance direction
th
an
4.2
m

Figure (12) Minimum distance of the angled parking spaces at 45 degree angle and
their dimensions on a one-way road

Not less than 9 m No

Not less than 12 m
t
les
s
Not less than 12 m th Not less than 9 m
an
8.4
m

Figure (13) Minimum distance of the angled parking spaces at 45 degree angle and
their dimensions on a two-ways road

No
t Not less than 12 m
Not less than 9 m
les
s Entrance direction
th
an
5.4
m

Figure (14) Minimum distance of the angled parking spaces at 60 degree angle and
their dimensions on a one-way road
 Not less than 9 m
Not less than 12 m

No
t
les
s
Not less than 12 m th Not less than 9 m
an
10.
8
m

Figure (15) Minimum distance of the angled parking spaces at 60 degree angle and
their dimensions on a two-ways road

Not less than 9 m Not Not less than 12 m

less
tha
n
Entrance Direction
7.6
m

Figure (16) Minimum distance of the angled parking spaces at 90 degree angle and
their dimensions on a one-way road
 Not less than 9 m
Not less than 12 m

Not
less
than
15.2
m

Not less than 12 m Not less than 9 m

Figure (17) Minimum distance of the angled parking spaces at 90 degree angle and
their dimensions on a two-way road

2.1.3 Parking spaces at building setbacks

The building setback area may differ from one building to another at the same road.
This leads to differences in the road planning line of the buildings. Given the fact that
the setback is private property and does not belong to the right of way, the setback
area shall be separated from the right of way using sidewalks to provide connected
sidewalks on both sides of the road regardless of the setback. This results in the
following:

• Continuity of the planning line on the street

• Limiting the impact of entry and exit maneuvers for parking spaces on the
adjacent traffic lanes.
• Specifying an entrance and exit to the setback yard to separate the parking
traffic in the setback area from the parking traffic on the side of the road in
order to protect the privacy of the owners of these buildings.
• Preventing the longitudinal (parallel) parking on the road to increase its
operational efficiency.

The parking setback area shall be separated by sidewalks from the walking lanes
if the setback area is 6 m or wider. It shall also be provided with an entrance and
exit, taking into consideration maintaining an adequate distance between the
entrance and exit of the setback (parking) area and the nearest intersection.

2.1.4 Design of parking spaces in the setback area

The parking spaces shall be designed in the setback area in two ways:

2.1.4.1 Separating the parking spaces in the setback area from the traffic
lanes on the road with sidewalks

This method shall be used if:

• The setback continues for less than 100 m along the road, where the
setback area is available for one or more buildings and does not form the
major road section.
• The necessary field of viewing to exit from the setback yard is not
available.
• The road section includes longitudinal (parallel) parking spaces.
• The numbers of parking spaces are equal before and after separation; then
the separation shall be used to improve traffic on the road by limiting the
movement of maneuvering vehicles entering into and exiting from the
parking spaces.

Figure (18) illustrates the use of parking space separation in the setback area from
traffic lanes on the road by sidewalks.

2.1.4.2 Not separating the parking spaces in the setback area from the
traffic lanes on the road

Parking spaces shall be designed in the setback area in this method if the setback
continues for more than 100 m on the road. However, this method requires adding
a parking lane to be used for entry and exit maneuvers from the parking spaces
and to limit the impact on the road traffic.

Figure (19) shows parking spaces in the setback area without using separating
sidewalks. Given the fact that the setback area is included in an intersection area,
the first parking space must be at a distance of 9 m from the stop line, and the
beginning of the parking spaces must be at the intersection exit at not less than 12
m from the pedestrian crossing line.

2.1.5 General considerations for on-street parking

• The width and length of the longitudinal parallel parking spaces shall be
2.5 m and 6.5 m respectively.
• It is preferable to use the longitudinal parallel parking spaces to reduce the
area assigned for the right of way and to decrease the cost of road
construction.
 • A parking lane shall be used on the local road due to the narrow width of
the road.
• The width and length of the angled or perpendicular parking spaces shall
be 3 m and 6 m respectively.
• It is necessary when using angled or perpendicular parking spaces to add a
special maneuvering lane to limit the impact of exit and entry maneuvers
in the parking spaces on the road traffic.
• It is possible to develop parking spaces higher than the traffic lanes, and to
use tiles for paving roads of all levels except the local roads given the fact
that they are narrow and for the purpose of reducing the construction costs.
• In industrial areas, the width of parking spaces and lanes shall be 3.6 m.
• In industrial areas, it is preferable to develop a parking lane to be used as a
traffic lane if necessary and to reduce the construction costs.

Building with setback

Building without setback Building without setback

Stop sign

Rig
ht
of
wa
y

Figure (18) Using sidewalks to separate parking spaces in the setback area from
traffic lanes
 Building without setback
(Va
riab
le)

Building with setback from both

(Va
Ma sides
riab
neu le)
veri
ng At
dist leas
t 12 Building without setback
anc
e m

(Variable)

Maneuvering distance
Not less than 9 m

Figure (19) Parking spaces in the setback area without using separating sidewalks,
while adding a maneuvering lane
 2.2 On-street bus stops

It is necessary given the continuous increase in road traffic to encourage public

transport means that contribute significantly to reducing the number of trips made
inside the city and decreasing the number of vehicles on the roads.

The mass transportation buses are one of the most important means of public transport
that contribute to meeting the current and expected future mobility needs partially.
They are a key part of the road traffic and must be given special care when designing
the road. Therefore, it is necessary to take into account their movement requirements
and facilities to ensure effective operation.

By their nature of the work, these buses have to stop frequently at specified stops on
the road to pick up and drop off passengers, which affects the traffic flow on the roads
with the bus routes. So, it is necessary to reduce the impact of the frequent bus
stopping on the road by developing specified bus stops. These stops shall be like
pavement pockets that enable the buses to stop away from the lanes of traffic.

Depending on the road network in the urban cities, the bus stops may be located
between intersections as shown in Figure (20), before the intersection as shown in
Figure (21), or after the intersection, as shown in Figure (22).

2.2.1 Design of bus stop between the intersections

The design of the bus stop requires the following:

• Pavement is not less than 5.4 m wide.
• Tapered entrance with a length of 12.7 m and an inclination of 1: 6 and 1: 8 if
the speed on the road is 60 and 80 km / h respectively.
• A bus stop shall be 3 m wide and 20 m long for one bus and 32 m long for two
buses.
• Tapered exit with a length of 6.6 m and an inclination of 1: 4 and 1: 5 if the
speed on the road is 60 and 80 km / h respectively.

Figure (20) shows the details and dimensions of the design of a bus stop between
the intersections.
 Traffic direction
Traffic direction
Traffic direction

Bu Bu
s s
sto sto
p Waiting area forp
Curb Curb for the Curb for the Curb
the passenger
Pavement width depends on bus stop bus stop
the cross section and the Layer of asphalt pavement
requirements of roadbed with the possibility of using
red surface asphalt layer

Width Length Dimensions of bus stop

(m) (m)
3 20 One standard bus
3 32 Two standard buses

Tapered Radius at the exit Tapered Radius at the Speed

part at part at entrance (km/h)
the exit the
R3 R4 entrance R1 R2

1:4 25 20 1:6 25 40 60
1:5 40 20 1:8 60 80 80

Figure (20) Details and dimensions of the design of a bus stop between the
intersections.
 2.2.2 Design of bus stop before the intersections

The design of the bus stop requires the following:

• Providing a special lane for turning to the right assigned to the stop and
excepting the buses from the obligatory requirement for turning to the right.
• Tapered entrance with a length of 12.7 m and an inclination of 6: 1
• Special place for bus stopping with at least 3m wide and 15m long at the
beginning of the storage length
• Storage distance of not less than 30 m
• If there is a nearby intersection before the bus stop, the tapered entrance must
start at a distance of not less than 9 m from a curve point of the previous
intersection curb, as shown in Figure (21).
• This design shall not be used if there is no special lane for turning to the right,
and the design for the bus stop after the intersection shall be used instead.

Figure (21) shows the details and dimensions of the design of a bus stop before
the intersection
Minimum 30 m

Storage length
Traffic direction Traffic direction
Traffic direction

Curb for
Curb
the bus
Pavement width
stop
depends on the
cross section and
the requirements
of roadbed

Figure (21) Details and dimensions of the design of a bus stop before the
intersection

2.2.3 Design of bus stop after the intersections

The design of the bus stop requires the following:

• Pavement not less than 5.4 m
• Tapered entrance with a length of 12.7 m and an inclination of 1: 6 and 1: 8 if
the speed on the road is 60 and 80 km / h respectively
• Special place for bus stopping with at least 3m wide and 20 m long for one bus
and 32 m for two buses
• Tapered exit with a length of 6.6 m and an inclination of 1: 4 and 1: 5 if the
speed on the road is 60 and 80 km / h respectively.
 • The tapered entrance must start at a distance of not less than 9 m from a curve
point of the previous intersection curb, as shown in Figure (22).

Figure (22) shows the details and dimensions of the design of a bus stop after the
intersection
Minimum 9 m
Traffic direction Traffic direction Traffic direction

Curb
Pavement width Curb for Curb
Curb for
depends on the the bus the bus
cross section and stop Layer of asphalt pavement
stop
the requirements with the possibility of using
of roadbed red surface asphalt layer

Figure (22) Details and dimensions of the design of a bus stop after the
intersection

2.2.4 Use of parking lane for bus stop

Developing a pocket for the bus stop requires a pavement of not less than 5.4 m
wide. If there is no pavement with this width, a parking lane shall be used. In such
case, the design of the bus stop requires the following:
• Parking lane of 3 m wide
• 20 m for the use of standard bus
• 29 m for use of 2 standard buses.
• Prohibition of stopping at a distance of 6 m before the stop.
• Prohibition of stopping at a distance of 6 m after the stop

Figure (23) shows the details and dimensions of a bus stop in the parking lane.
No parking
No parking
within 6 m at
Traffic direction within 6 m at Traffic direction
least
least
Length (m)
Bus
Bus
sto
sto
p
p

Layer of asphalt pavement Waiting area Curb for Pavement width

Curb
with the possibility of using for the the bus depends on the
red surface asphalt layer passenger stop cross section and
the requirements
of roadbed

Width Length Dimensions of bus stop

(m) (m)
3 20 One standard bus
3 29 Two standard buses
 Figure (23) Details and dimensions of a bus stop in the parking lane.

2.2.5 Pickup area at the bus stop

The pickup area at the bus stop requires the following:

• The length of the pickup area shall range from 1.5 m to 2.4 m and the
width shall be equal to the width of the pavement.
• The width of the pavement shall not be less than 2.4 m, including 1.5
m in front of the canopy and 0.9 m to install the canopy.
• The lateral inclination of the area shall not exceed 2%.
• The pavement of the platform ground (with a minimum width of 2.4
m) shall consist of two layers. The top layer can be made of
interlocking tiles, while the lower layer can be made of a stone
foundation of thickness 10 cm.
• The pavement of the bus stop ground shall consist of two layers (as a
minimum). The top layer shall be made of concrete with a thickness of
25 cm, and the lower layer shall be made of a stone foundation of a
thickness of 15 cm. It is necessary to take into account the features of
the bearing soil at each site and increasing the pavement layers if
required.

Figure (24) shows the details and dimensions of the pickup area at the bus stop.
Figure (25) shows the details of the pavement layers for the bus stop.

Shaded area with variable length

Minimum

Ma Mi
Ma Ma ni
xi
xi xi mu
mu
mu mu m
m
m m

Canopy installation place

Pavement area not less than 1.50 –
2.40 to be used during the pickup

Pickup area

Figure (24) Details and dimensions of the pickup area at the bus stop
 Minimum

Pedestrian Traffic lanes

Pickup area sidewalk 3 m at least

Variable Variable Asphalt

2 % literal
pavement
inclination

Interlocking tiles or concrete floor

Concrete floor of 25 cm thickness
Stone foundation of 10 cm thickness
Stone foundation of 15 cm thickness
Figure (25) Details of the pavement layers at the bus stop
Chapter 3

Off-street Car Parks

 3. Off-street Car Parks

(Surface car parks)

This is the second type of the car parks. It is widely used. Many large and
multi-use buildings, especially commercial and health facilities such as malls
and hospitals require a large number of parking spaces for their employees or
visitors. It is difficult to provide such spaces in the basement of the building
due to the high construction costs.

In such cases, the parking lots that are away from the road or fall within the
property boundaries of the facility (but not falling within the buildings) are
the best option that meets the needs of the required parking spaces with
lower construction costs.

In order to ensure the efficient operation of this type of parking, the design
shall put the following into consideration:

• Providing the largest possible number of parking spaces based on the

available area.
• Easy entry into and exit from surface parking lots.
• Using the parking lots by car owners.
• Car easy movement inside the parking lot and easy access to and exit
from the parking spaces.
• Reducing the car inconsistent movement inside the parking lot.
• Providing the highest degree of safety for parked and moving cars
inside the parking lot.

3.1 Design standards for surface parking

• The minimum length and width of the angled or perpendicular

parking spaces shall be 6 m and 3 m.
• The minimum length and width of the parallel parking spaces shall
be 6.5 m and 2.5 m.
• A 1.8 m long, not less than 15 cm and preferably 20 cm, not less
than 15 cm high concrete (or any other material) stop shall be used
and installed at a distance of 76 cm from the parking space in order
to determine the place where the vehicle wheels shall stop as shown
in the figure (26).
• The best inclination angle of the parking space to the pavement
shall be determined so as to provide the largest possible number of
 parking spaces in line with the nature of the parking lot location
and dimensions. The angled parking spaces shall be at angles of 30,
45, 60 and 90 degrees.
• 5%, at least two, of the surface parking spaces shall be allocated to
the people with disabilities. The angled parking spaces shall be 6
m long and 3.6 m wide, and the parallel parking spaces shall be 6.5
m long and 3.6 m wide. The article (5-6) illustrates the minimum
dimensions of the parking spaces for the people with disabilities,
other requirements that need to be fulfilled, along with the slopes
required to reach these spaces. The article (2-7-5) presents the
signage of parking spaces for the physically disabled persons.

20 cm

1,8 m 76 cm
3m

15 cm high concrete stop installed in the parking

space ground

6m

Figure (28) Minimum dimensions of the angled and perpendicular parking

spaces

3.2 Entrances and exits of surface parking

- The locations of the entrances and exits of the surface parking lots shall
not hinder the traffic movement on the outside road.
- The minimum distance for the entrance or exit of the surface parking
lot from the road intersections shall be 12 m.
- The locations of entrances and exits of the surface parking lots shall be
far from the entrances of service routes from the main roads, and the
exits of service routes to the main roads.
- The minimum width of the entrance or exit of the parking lot shall be
3.5 m if the traffic is in one direction.
- The entrance and exit shall be separated by a traffic island of 0.5 m
width if there is common entrance / exit opening.

Figure (27) shows the minimum dimensions of entrances and exits of

surface parking lots.
Not less Not less Not less
Not less
than 3.5 m than 3.5 m than 3.5 m
than 3.5 m

Not less
Entry
than 0.5 m
direction

Entry
Exit direction
direction Exit
direction

Figure (27) Minimum dimensions of entrances and exits of surface

parking lots

3.3 Internal service corridors

• They shall be used to serve the traffic movement inside the
parking lot.
• They shall be used to serve vehicle maneuvers when entering
into and exiting from the parking lots.
• The minimum width of the corridors shall be determined based
on the following:
1. Inclination angle of the parking space to the pavement.
2. Traffic used in the corridor, it may be one-way or two-ways.
• It is preferred that the traffic used in of the corridor be in one-
way as possible to reduce collision points.
• The minimum width of any one-way corridor shall be 3.5 m.
• The minimum width of any two-ways corridor shall be 7 m.
• When using the parking spaces parallel to the pavement, the
minimum width of the one-way corridor shall be 3.5 m if it
serves one or both sides as shown in Figure (28), and 7 m for the
two-ways traffic corridor as shown in Figure (29).
 • When using 30-degree angled parking spaces, the minimum
width of the one-way corridor shall be 4 m if it serves one or
both sides as shown in Figure (30), and 8 m for the two-ways
corridor as shown in Figure (31).
• When using 45-degree angled parking spaces, the minimum
width of the one-way corridor shall be 4.2 m if it serves one or
both sides as shown in Figure (32), and 8.4 m for the two-ways
corridor as shown in Figure (33).
• When using 60-degree angled parking spaces, the minimum
width of the one-way corridor shall be 5.4 m if it serves one or
both sides as shown in Figure (34), and 10.8 m for the two-ways
corridor as shown in Figure (35).
• When using 90-degree perpendicular parking spaces, the
minimum width of the one-way corridor shall be 7.6 m if it
serves one or both sides as shown in Figure (36), and 15.2 m for
the two-ways corridor as shown in Figure (37).

Table (2) presents the minimum width of the service corridors

based on the inclination angle to the pavement and traffic
direction
Table (2) Minimum width of the service corridors based on the
inclination angle to the pavement and traffic direction

Type of parking Dimensions Minimum of one- Minimum of two- Vertical

space of one-car way corridor ways corridor, dimension
parking space serving one or both each way serves a of the
sides side parking
space (C)
Parallel parking spaces
Parallel parking 2.5 × 6.5 m 3.5 m 7m 2.5 m
spaces
Angled parking spaces
30-degree angled 6x3m 4.00 m 8.00 m 5.60 m
parking spaces
45-degree angled 6x3m 4.20 m 8.40 m 6.24 m
parking spaces
60-degree angled 6x3m 5.40 m 10.80 m 6.90 m
parking spaces
90-degree 6x3m 7.60 m 15.20 m 6m
perpendicular
parking spaces
 If the inclination angles of the parking spaces in both sides of the corridors are
different, the greater width shall be adopted, because the greater inclination
angle will require it if the traffic direction is in one way. If the traffic is in two
ways, then the corridor width shall be the sum of the requirements of both
parking spaces.

Not less than Entry direction

3.5 m

Figure (28) Minimum width of the corridor for parallel parking spaces of one-way
traffic

Not less than Not less than Entry direction

3.5 m 7m

Not less than

3.5 m

Figure (29) Minimum width of the corridor for parallel parking spaces of two-ways
traffic

Not less than Entry direction

4m

Figure (30) Minimum width of the corridor for 30-degree angled parking spaces of
one-way traffic

Not less than Entry direction

Entry direction Not less than 4m
4m
Figure (31) Minimum width of the corridor for 30-degree angled parking spaces of
two-ways traffic

Not less than Entry

4.2 m direction

Figure (32) Minimum width of the corridor for 45-degree angled parking spaces of
one-way traffic

Not less than Entry

4.20 m direction
Entry Not less than
direction 4.20 m

Figure (33) Minimum width of the corridor for 45-degree angled parking spaces of
two-ways traffic

Not less than Entry

5.4 m direction

Figure (34) Minimum width of the corridor for 60-degree angled parking spaces of
one-way traffic
 Not less than Entry
5.4 m direction

Entry Not less than

direction 5.4 m

Figure (35) Minimum width of the corridor for 60-degree angled parking spaces of
two-ways traffic

Not less than Entry

7.6 m direction

Figure (36) Minimum width of the corridor for 90-degree perpendicular parking
spaces of one-way traffic

Not less than Entry

7.6 m direction

Entry Not less than

direction 7.6 m

Figure (37) Minimum width of the corridor for 90-degree perpendicular parking
spaces of two-ways traffic
3.4 Car movement in the surface parking lots

When designing the car movement inside the surface parking lots, the
following must be taken into account:

• The traffic cycle shall be short and safe.

• All parking spaces shall be clearly visible.
• Paying attention to the driver’s search method for parking spaces, it
shall be easy and smooth.
• The traffic cycle inside the parking lot shall be easy so as not to confuse
the driver.
• Eliminating the collision points as a result of the car movement inside
the parking lot as possible.
• The routes leading to the exit shall be clear and easy.

Figure (38) presents examples of surface parking spaces

Exit Movement
direction
Stre
et

Movement
Entrance direction

Exit

Entrance and
Entrance
exit

Figure (38) Examples of surface parking spaces

 3.5 Corridor curves in surface parking lots

To ensure the safety when turning inside, entering into and exiting from
the surface parking lots, the minimum radius of the turning curve shall be
provided as follows:

1- If the traffic is one-way:

• Minimum width of the curve shall be 3.5 m
• Minimum internal radius shall be 2.6 m
• Minimum external radius shall be 6.1 m
2- If the traffic is in two-ways:
It is necessary if the traffic is in two-ways to separate the traffic on the
curve so that the separator width does not exceed 1 m. It is preferred to
use ground markings (paints) as separators. The minimum radius of
the turning curve shall be as follows:
• Minimum width of the curve shall be 8m
• Minimum internal radius shall be 2.6 m
• Minimum external radius shall be 10.6 m

Table (3) shows the minimum turning curves in surface parking lots based on
the traffic. Figure (39) shows the minimum
curve for one-way traffic. Figure (40) presents the minimum curve for two-
ways traffic. Figure (41) illustrates the requirements of the one-way traffic in
the surface parking lots.

Table (3) Minimum turning curves in surface parking lots based on the
traffic

External radius Minimum Minimum curve Traffic

internal radius width
One-way curve 3.5 m 2.60 m 6.10 m
Two-ways curve 8.00 m 2.60 m 10.60 m

Traffic direction

Figure (39) minimum curve for one-way traffic in the surface parking lots
 Traffic direction

Figure (40) minimum curve for two-ways traffic in the surface parking lots

Entry
direction

Not less than 3.5 m

Not less than

Figure (41) Requirements of the one-way traffic in the surface parking lots
Chapter 4

Underground Car Parks

4. Underground Car Parks

It is necessary when designing the underground car parks to put the

following into consideration:
• Providing the highest degree of safety for cars parked or moving in the
parking area.
• Providing the biggest possible number of parking spaces.
• Reducing traffic interference as much as possible.
• Reducing conflicts between cars and pedestrians as much as possible.

To ensure the efficient operation of the underground car parks, the following
should be taken into account:
1- All requirements mentioned in Article 3 (Surface Parking Lots) shall
apply to the minimum dimensions, angles of inclination, dimensions of
the internal corridors and the curves of the corridors of the parking
spaces
2- The net height of the basement or the repeated floors in the car park
shall not be less than 2.5 m. It is the minimum height that allows cars to
pass.
3- As for the entrances and exits of the underground car parks, the
following must be taken into consideration:
A. The locations of entrances and exits of the car parks shall not
hinder the traffic on the roads surrounding the car park as shown in
Figure (42).
B. The locations of entrances and exits for car parks shall be as far as
possible from intersections and highways to ensure traffic safety as
shown in Figure (42).
C. Paying attention to the clear vision when exiting from the car park
by leaving a distance of not less than 1.8 m from the two edges of
the parking entrance as shown in Figure (43).
D. Providing a horizontal distance at the end of the exit equal to the
car length, so that the driver can see the traffic of cars on
the road and pedestrian movement on the sidewalk, as shown in
Figure (43).
E. The width of the entrance or exit must not be less than 3.5 m.
F. If both the entrance and exit have one opening, the minimum width
of the opening shall be 7.5 m, and a separating island of not less
than 0.5 m wide shall be placed in order to separate the two ways of
the traffic.
G. The height of the opening to enter into or exit from the car park
must not be less than 2.5 m, as shown in Figure (44).
 Exit Entry

Entry Exit

Building

Exit Entry

Building

Traffic direction

Traffic direction

Figure (42) locations of the car park's entrances and exits with respect to
surrounding roads
 Street

Pedestrian crossing area

Pedestrian sidewalk
Pedestrian sidewalk

Horizontal distance of 4.5

m length

It is not permissible to build in

the ground floor of this triangle
It is not permissible to build in
the ground floor of this triangle

Figure (43) Driver's clear vision when exiting from car park

Not less than 2.5 m

Figure (44) Minimum Height of entry or exit opening

Chapter 5

Multi-storey Car Parks

5. Multi-storey Car Parks

Multi-storey car parks are used in places where parking lots are in high
demand, such as commercial areas, malls, and multi-use facilities. Such parks
play an effective role in covering the deficit in the on-street parks. There are
two types of multi-storey car parks. The first type uses ramps in the direction
up or down. The second type uses a mechanical movement system (car
elevators) in the direction up or down.

It is not preferable to use the second type (mechanical movement) because

any malfunction in it will lead to a complete shutdown. This version deals
with the multi-storey car parks that use ramps. These car parks require the
following design criteria to meet the needs of users efficiently:

5.1 Location of the multi-storey car parks

The location should be far from road intersections and from places of traffic
congestion.

5.2 Entrances of the multi-storey car parks

• All requirements previously stated in article (2.3: Requirements of

entrances and exits in the surface parking) and in article (4
Requirements of entrances and exits in the underground parking) shall
be applied here.
• The entrance shall be designed based on the type of service presented,
whether it is self-service or service with the assistance of a specialized
employee.
• In the self-service car parks, the flow rate of cars ranges from 300 to 500
cars per hour. It is not required to provide storage space for cars, as
they can flow easily and without the help of an employee.
• In the car parks that require employee assistance for the parking
service, it is required to have storage space that depends on the ratio of
 the average car access to the parking lot to the parking employee’s
service rate.
• The curve in Figure (45) can be used to estimate the required spare area
for the rate of cars arrival during the peak hour.
• The maximum capacity of the entrances should not be less than 400
cars per hour.
• At least one entrance must be provided for every 500 parking spaces.
• 5% of the multi-storey car parks shall be allocated to the parking spaces
for people with disabilities, provided that the number of parking
spaces is not less than two. Their spaces should be 6 m long, 3.6 m
wide for angled parking, 6.5 m long, and 3.6 m wide for parallel
parking. Clause (5.6) clarifies the minimum dimensions required for
the parking spaces for people with disabilities and other requirements
for the places in which they must be provided and the ramps required
to reach them. Clause (5.7.2) displays signage for parking spaces for the
physically disabled.
 Sto
rag
e
Storage rate = 0.95 arrival rate
rat
Cap e=
acit 0.9 Storage rate = arrival rate
y of 0
Sto arri
rag val
e Storage rate = 1.05 arrival rate
rat
spa e
re
are Storage rate = 1.10 arrival rate
a

durin

arrivi
hour

Aver
num
rush

cars

age
ber
ng

of
g

Figure (45) The required spare area for the rate of cars arrival during the peak
hour.

5.3: Exits of the multi-storey car parks

• All requirements previously stated in article (2.3: Requirements of

entrances and exits in the surface parking) and in article (4 -
Requirements of entrances and exits in the underground parking) shall
be applied here.
• The discharge rate should not be less than 150 cars per hour.
• At least one exit must be provided for every 250 parking spaces.
 • The discharge time should not exceed one hour, and in emergency
cases, the discharge time should not exceed half an hour.

5.4 Design requirements for the multi-storey car parks

• The storeys must be horizontal.

• It is preferable that the number of storeys shall not exceed 6 decks.
• The distance between the pillars should not be less than 9 m as the
place to accommodate three parking spots.
• The net height of the storey should not be less than 2.5 m.
• The height of the ground storey must not be less than 3.75 m to allow
the entry of high vehicles.
• With regard to the minimum limits for the dimensions of the parking
spaces, their angles of inclination, the dimensions of the internal lanes
and the curves of the paths, all the requirements mentioned in clause
(3) for surface car parks shall be applied here.
• All requirements previously stated in article (2.3: Requirements of
entrances and exits in the surface parking) and in article (4 -
Requirements of entrances and exits in the underground parking) shall
be applied here.

5.5 Design requirements for ramps

Ramps are inclined surfaces used for the vehicle’s transmission from one
storey to another inside the parking building. In order to ensure the car’s safe
transmission, the following is required:

5.5.1 Straight ramps

• The straight ramp is used for entrances and exits in order to facilitate
the process of entering and exiting the car park as it has the merit of
clear vision.
• The width of the ramp should not be less than 3.5 m.
• The inclination of the ramp should not be more than 15%.
 • In case that the inclination of the ramp exceeds 15%, a 15% inclination
angle is used at the beginning and end of the slope for a distance of 5
m, as for the middle part of the ramp, the inclination must not exceed
18%, as shown in Figure (46).
• Ramps are used to connect the storeys of the building, and their
inclination shall not be more than 13%.
• To use ramps as parking spaces (when necessary), the longitudinal
inclination must not be more than 8%.

The level of the street or the Car Parks

The level of the Car Parks 15% Inclination

Surface and Transition Stage

Figure (46) Straight ramp and its transitional stages

5.5.2 Spiral ramps

Spiral ramp is the other type of ramps that are used for the vehicle’s
transmission from one storey to another. The following are its design
requirements:

• The inclination of the one-way spiral ramp should not be more than
12%.
• The internal radius of the spiral ramp should not be less than 18.5 m.
• The width of the spiral ramp should not be less than 6.1 m when the
traffic is in a clockwise direction.
• The dimensions of a two-way spiral ramp shall be as follows:
- The width of the spiral ramp shall be 9.14 m and the external
radius of the slope shall be 14.3 m.
 - The transverse inclination shall not be less than 4% for the
lower radius and 3% for the larger radius.
• The dimensions of a one-way spiral ramp shall be as follows:
- The width of the ramp in a clockwise direction shall be 6.1
m.
- The width of the ramp in a counterclockwise direction shall
be 4.57 m, and it shall not be less than 3.96 for the upward
direction.
• The transverse inclination shall not less than 4%.
• The inner ramps shall be designated for the downward direction. The
outer ramps shall be designated for the upward direction.
• It is preferable to use counterclockwise rotation whenever possible.
• Table (4) shows the types and dimensions of entry and exit ramps for
multi-story car parks.

Table (4) the types and dimensions of entry and exit ramps for multi-story
car parks

Type of ramp Minimum Minimum Internal External

one-way two-way radius of radius of
ramp width ramp width the ramp the ramp
Straight 3.66 m 7.32 m - -
Curved 4.9 m 9.8 m One-way = One-way =
5.5 m 10.40 m
Two-way = Two-way =
5.5 m 15.30 m
Clockwise spiral 6.1 m 12.2 m 5.18 m One-way =
ramp 11.28 m
Two-way =
17.38 m
Counterclockwise 4.57 m, and 9.14 m 5.18 m One-way =
spiral ramp not less than 9.57 m
3.96 m for Two-way =
the upward 14.22 m
direction
 Ascend

Descend

Vertical section A
–A

Horizontal
Inclination 12%
projection

Vertical section B
–B
Horizontal
projection

Figure (47) the dimensions and inclinations of the spiral ramps

Chapter 6

Parking Spaces of People with Disabilities

6. Parking Spaces of People with Disabilities

Parking spaces for people with disabilities need more space than regular
parking spaces to meet the needs of their vehicles and mobility. There are
special design requirements for this type of parking spaces that must be taken
into consideration, and they are as follows:

• 5% of any car parks (multi-storey car parks – surface car parks) shall be
allocated for people with disabilities provided that the number of
parking spaces is not less than two.
• The sidewalks shall be equipped with the ramps necessary to reach the
allocated parking spaces. The ramps shall be of a width of not less than
0.9 m and shall be the closest to the people with disabilities parking
spaces as shown in Figure 49.
• The ramps shall be well lit.
• Parking spaces for people with disabilities distinguished using their
own sign, which is shown in Figure 48 (using signs and ground
marks).
• The length of the parking space shall not be less than 6 m. the width of
the parking space shall not be less than 3.6 m.
• The parking spaces allocated for people with disabilities should be in
easy-to-move places, and close to the main entrances to buildings.
• The parking spaces allocated for people with disabilities should be as
close as possible to the elevators.
• Clause (5.7.2) displays signage for parking spaces for the physically
disabled people.

Figure (48) signage for parking spaces for the physically disabled people
 A ramp for people with disabilities
The width shall not be less than 90 cm

Sidewalk Sidewalk

Concrete bumper

6
Mit
ers

Parking space for people with disabilities

Regular Parking Space 3.6 M

Figure (49) horizontal chart for a parking space for people with disabilities
and the ramp of the adjacent sidewalk
Chapter 7

Signage and Ground Marks

7. Signage and Ground Marks

The car parks shall be provided with signage and ground marks to guide the
drivers to parking spaces, exits, elevators, and pedestrian crossings, as well as
helping them understand traffic movement and directions.

7.1 Signage

The following must be provided:

• Signage that shows the vehicle movement paths inside the car parks.
These signs shall be hung in visible places so that they do not obstruct
the flow of traffic of cars or people. The net height below them shall
not be less than 2.5 m.
• Neon signs at the entrances to the public parking, to indicate whether
parking spaces are available or not.
• Indicative signs to distinguish between the different departments and
storeys within the car park. Colored signs, numbers and letters shall be
used on the pillars and walls to confirm this distinction.
• Illuminated signs for individual exits to guide in emergency conditions
such as a fire outbreak.
• Guidance signs for individuals showing the locations of elevators,
stairs, etc.…

7.2 Signage for the parking spaces of the physically disabled

The following must be adhered to:

• A clear phosphorescent sign must be placed on the right or left of each

parking space allocated for people with disabilities. The dimensions
of the sign shall not be less than 0.20 by 0.20 m, as shown in Figure 48.
• The height of the sign fixed on a stand should not be less than 2 m from
the ground. If installed on the wall, its height shall be 0.9 m. The sign
that shows directions to parking spaces for the people with
disabilities must be clear.
• The ground of the parking spaces allocated for people with
disabilities must be distinguished by lining it with contrasting colors
and drawing the international sign for people with disabilities as
shown in Figure (48).
• In the event that there are parking spaces specified for small cars
designated to transport people with disabilities, an additional sign
should be placed below the regular sign with the words "Special
Transportation for People with Disabilities".
 • In the case of using signage, instructional aids, or symbols including
letters or numbers, or both, their proportions must range between 1:1
and 3:5 (width to height of the letter or number).
• For signage and guides hanging from the ceiling or projecting from the
wall, the minimum height of the letter or number should not be less
than 75 mm. If it is located on a movement path, the length of the letter
or number must not be less than 90 mm.
• The font “Simplified Arabic” shall be used and its size must be
appropriate and clear according to the distance of vision.
• The sign should contrast with the color of the wall, and letters or
numbers must contrast with its background (i.e. white letters on a dark
blue background or vice versa).
• In the case of using raised letters and numbers accompanied by Braille,
the height of numbers and letters on the signs must not be less than 1
mm, and the height of the dots used in Braille writings must be 2.5 mm
with 5 mm intervals between their units.
• In case Braille is not used in the sign, the raised letter height shall not
be less than 15 mm and not more than 40 mm.
• Every drawn symbol shall be accompanied by a word indicating it and
it shall be placed directly below it.
• The outer frame of the drawn symbol should not be less than 0.12 m x
0.12 m.
• Signs shall be installed on the walls at a height of 1.5 m above the
ground. The height shall be calculated from the midline of the sign.
• That the placement of the sign shall allow approaching it up to a
distance of 0.1 m without hitting any raised element, whether it is
natural (tree, ... etc) or architecturally (handle, railing, fixed tiling, ...
etc).

Figures (50), (51) and (52) show some examples of traffic signs for parking
spaces.

3.7 Ground Marks

The ground marks are used to guide the driver to the direction of traffic
within the car park. Ground marks are also used to mark the parking spaces
boundaries.

To draw the ground marks in parking spaces, ordinary paint or raised circular
marks (the average diameter of the unit is 10 cm), that are installed on the
parking floor and made of ceramic material, can be used. The raised circular
marks could be used in a continuous or intermittent manner. The raised
marks alert the driver if he exceeds the permitted space of parking.
The Form The Sign The Form The Sign
Car park to Exit
the right direction
ahead

To the Exit
Parking direction
Spaces to the left

To the Exit
Parking direction
Spaces to the
right
To the To the
Parking Parking
Spaces Spaces

Left-turn- Parking
only Spaces to
the left

One-way Parking
Spaces to
the right
Right-turn- To the
only Parking
Spaces

Traffic Parking
directions Spaces to
the left

Figure (50) some examples of parking signs

The Form The Sign The Form The Sign
Lower Ladies
Floors Room

Full Men’s
Room

Floor Toilets
No.3

Ground Lifts and

Floor Stairs

Basement Lifts
Floor

Stairs warning
chevrons
indicating
the traffic
directions
Exit Direction
closed.
Reroute to
the left
Upper Traffic
Floors Safety
Cones

Figure (51) some examples of parking signs

 The Form The Sign
Gable for setting the
permitted height

The permitted height

Guide to parking locations

Directive Guide to parking

locations

The status of the Parking

The entrance sign that

shows the status of the
Parking
Parking spaces availability
at every floor

Figure (52) some examples of parking signs

Chapter 8
Safety and Security Precautions
8 - Safety and security precautions
The following requirements shall be applied to ensure safety of the users and
the facility.
8.1 Entrances and exits
• Every entrance and every exit shall be provided with an illuminated
sign indicating in writing the entrance or the exit.
• Every entrance shall be provided with a plate specifying the height
permissible for entry. Such plate shall be placed in such a way allowing
it to move when it is in contact with the surface of the car that exceeds
the permissible height.
• Movable barriers shall be placed at the entrances and the exits.
• Inclinations of the floor or sidewalks leading to the entrances or exits of
the parking shall be verified to ensure that the level of the sidewalk is
not high or low in front of the entrances or exits in a way that impedes
the movement of pedestrians or people with disabilities.
• The sidewalk leading to the entrances or the exits shall be clearly
marked to ensure the safety of pedestrian crossing.
8.2 Slopes and lanes
• To prevent cars from slipping while they are ascending and to limit
their speed when they are descending, anti-slip barriers (protrusions)
shall be used on the floor of the slopes entrances and exits. Such
protrusions shall be made of concrete within the slope or composed of
metal strips fixed in the slope. Figure (53) below shows protrusions in
the floor of the slope to prevent wheel slip.
• Anti-slip pedestrian walkways shall be provided.
8.3 Bumpers on the parking floor
• Bumpers shall be used on the parking floor to ensure that the car does
not cross the allocated space so as not to encroach on the sidewalks,
pedestrian tracks or the parking opposite to them, as shown in Figures
(54) and Figures (55) below. These bumpers shall be installed on the
 parking ground in front of the front wheels of the cars. The center of
the bumpers shall be 76 cm away from the parking wall, sidewalk, or
outside boundary. These bumpers shall be made of concrete or other
materials. Figure (56) below indicates the methods of fixing concrete
bumpers to parking floors.
• Car wheel bumpers may be a source of stumbling for pedestrians, so it
is recommended to paint them in yellow, as well as the curbstones.
8.4 Protection against fire
• Requirements of firefighting works stated in Clause 3.10.5 shall be
complied with.
• Each floor shall be provided with the necessary fire extinguishing
devices in addition to a suitable fire extinguishing system that works
automatically when needed. The requirements of the civil defense
shall be fulfilled with regard to safety measures.
• The width of the entrance available for the fire engine shall not be less
than 5 meters and the height thereof shall not be less than 4 meters.
Coordination shall be made with the local fire directorate competent
with the site regarding the same and based on the approval of a
certified consultant from the civil defense.
8.5 Protection against crime
• Illumination:
▪ Adequate and regular illumination throughout the parking shall
be provided. It is suggested to increase the minimum
illumination intensity specified for the parking by at least 50%,
and it is preferable to double it.
▪ Illumination control systems are preferred to be used by motion
sensors, and they also have an effect on saving energy.
▪ Make sure that there are no dark corners. Therefore, it is
preferable for each area to be lit with at least two lamps to
achieve regularity in the intensity of lighting and if one of the
 two lamps burns out, the other provides illumination until the
first is fixed and they work together again.
• It is preferred that the distance between the columns be large to allow
more visibility and reduce the chances of hiding and stalking.
• As far as possible, the elevators and stairs shall be available for
viewing through open or glass walls and making glass openings in the
stair doors.
• Electric stairs (escalators), as in commercial centers (malls) and
airports, allow vertical movement amongst floors with a high degree of
visibility, so it is recommended to use them as an alternative to stairs
and elevators.
• Landscaping such as trees and plant fences can affect the visibility of
pedestrians and cars, so it is preferable to have a low height and
carefully choose their locations.
• Human presence in the parking by the presence of an office for the
service of the parking as mentioned in the operation and maintenance
paragraph, clause 12.5 and / or by adding uses in pedestrian areas
such as shops.
8.6 Other considerations
• All electrical requirements mentioned in Clause 11.5, especially those
related to electrical systems and networks, shall be complied with.
• Rubber bumpers shall be installed on the corners of columns and walls
to prevent the impact of cars crashing or friction with them.
• Car barriers shall be installed around the boundaries of floors and roof
ends of the corridors or the parking whose height difference exceeds
300 mm from the level directly adjacent to them.
• It is not permissible to open any doors directly to any other uses inside
the building, such as shops.
 slope 3.50 meters

Street floor level 5.00 meters Park floor level

Horizontal projection of
a slope

Car slope Park floor level

Protrusions on slope surface to

prevent Car Tire sliding
Vertical sector A – A
Protrusions on slope surface
Street floor level Slope Park floor level
Horizontal projection of a slope
3 cm 3 cm 3 cm 3 cm
Slope floor

Slope

Slope Floor

Vertical section B - B shows the use of metal strips fixed in the slope surface
Figure (53) Protrusions in the floor of the slope to prevent wheels slipping
Park wall: 1.20
Park floor level

Concrete bumpers: 76 cm
Figure (54) Bumpers on the floor of parking areas to protect the wall
Park floor Land property
level boundaries

Sidewalk
Concrete bumpers: 76 cm
Figure (55) bumpers on the parking floor to park the car in its specified
space
16 cm 12.7 cm

Two rebar rods inserted vertically to fix the bumper in the ground (dimension
1.22)

8.9 cm 16 cm 15 cm
Two rebar rods inserted vertically to fix the bumper in the ground (dimension
1.22)

7.6 cm 12.7 cm 15 cm 15 cm

A bumper fixed in the ground with adhesive epoxy

Figure (56) Methods of fixing concrete barriers to parking ground
Chapter 9
Structural requirements
9. Structural requirements
9.1 Tiles
• The Saudi Building Code (SBC-201), clauses (406.4, 406.5,406.6) related
to parking requirements shall be applied.
• Design and implementation with high-density, low-permeability
concrete shall be complied with.
• Design taking into consideration the live loads of cars on the first floor
of the building (directly above the backfill) within the live loads of the
continuous foundations underneath shall be complied with.
• To ensure that the properties to resist the influence of use factors over
time (durability) in concrete and used materials shall be complied
with including standards for the thickness of the concrete cover
according to the conditions of exposure to the surface as per the Saudi
Building Code, and it is recommended to be guided by (ACI 362)
recommendations.
• To ensure that the efficiency of complete insulation of moisture in
voids below the surface of the earth, use of rubber insulators at all
open connections or casting joints, and the overlap of waterproofing at
the corners are complied with.
• The surfaces of the corridors and parking areas shall be paved or
finished with non-flammable and non-absorbable materials and
consist directly above the soil of successive layers not less than a
foundation layer of stone aggregate with a thickness of not less than
200 mm, then sand leveling layers, usually followed by a cleaning
layer, then the insulation system, then a protection layer and then
reinforced concrete slabs with double reinforcement and 200 mm
thickness unless designed by the consultant (Slab on Grade) and in
such case it shall not be less than 150 mm. Then the surface shall be
finished with an anti-slip layer of epoxy or polyethylene based
materials. See the template in Figure (57).
 • Slopes of not less than 1.5% shall be made on the floors to prevent
water accumulation.
• Geotextile strips are recommended to be used underneath all
connections, changes in level, and possible locations of crack.
• Openings for the rainwater drainage network at ground level shall be
provided ensuring that it is not disrupted by dust and waste, and it
shall be checked every year at least before the rainy season (October).
• Structural slabs shall be designed for floors to withstand the
permanent and live loads above them, as well as the dynamic effect of
vibration resulting from car traffic.
9.2 Barriers and bumpers
• Rubber bumpers shall be installed on the corners of columns and walls
to prevent the impact of cars crashing or friction with them.
• Car barriers shall be installed around the boundaries of floors and roof
ends of the corridors or the parking whose height difference exceeds
300 mm from the level directly adjacent to them.
• The height of the barriers shall not be less than 1.20 m, and they shall
be designed according to clause (1607.83) of code (SBC-201) and clause
(4.5.3) of code (SBC-301) provided that the impact force shall not be
less than 2.7 tons horizontally. The collision loads in places subject to
direct collision with the structural structure of the building shall be
considered according to the design and approval of a certified
consultant.
• The barriers shall be of rigid materials such as reinforced concrete, and
their connection with the constructional structure shall be detailed, in
order to transmit the horizontal forces and the momentums for
continuous reinforcing steel with the structural element bearing
thereof.
• The bumpers of cars' wheels shall be installed of reinforced concrete or
any other suitable material to mark stopping places with dimensions of
not less than 150×150 mm. Threaded bolts shall be isolated and fixed
 against rust if it is mechanically installed. Chemical fixation with epoxy
is allowed after testing its samples and submitting validity certificates
of the manufacturer (see template, figure 58)
• Equipment and barriers are not required in mechanical parking where
other means are used.
9.3 Fences and surrounding works
• Fences of at least 1.2 m in height shall be provided. It may be plant
barriers in open ground parking sites and ground floors for multi-story
parking at the residential neighborhood and gatherings to prevent
unorganized interference between individuals and cars.

150 mm reinforced concrete slab

Multi-layer moisture isolation system
with surface protection layer
Compacted sand leveling layer of not
less than 100 mm
A solid aggregate base layer of not
less than 300 mm
Foundation soil after leveling and
compacting

• Figure (57) The successive layers directly above the ground

 Translation of the abovementioned Picture

Connecting skewers At least 22 mm

Not less than 150 mm 90 mm 70 mm
Connecting skewers 50 mm 20 mm screws
Length of 300 mm above the ground parking area
• Figure (58)
details of a car bumper above the ground
Chapter 10
Mechanical requirements and fire fighting
10. Mechanical requirements and fire fighting
A. To ensure the efficiency of ventilation and safety systems for
continuous work over 24 hours at a temperature not lower than the
temperature range (DB MAX) listed in Table No. (11.1) in Chapter
Eleven of the Saudi Energy Code (SBC-601).
B. To design and implement floors and bases for mechanical equipment
under the responsibility and approval of a qualified and certified
consultant to be sufficiently resistant to withstand the weights and
forces of the equipment installed on them (and withstand earthquakes
in earthquake-prone areas in accordance with the requirements of
Paragraph 301.18 of the Saudi Mechanical Code SBC-501) and it is
recommended that they are of reinforced concrete. The strengths and
states of loading shall be specified and the necessary vibration isolators
for each equipment shall be made according to the catalogs or
certificates of the manufacturer.
C. All technical specifications for mechanical systems shall comply with
the specifications of the Saudi Standards, Metrology and Quality
Organization (SASO).
D. The submitted mechanical documents shall contain details, design
information and materials used for all mechanical systems.
10.1 Requirements of ventilation and air conditioning
• The provisions of these requirements shall be applied to the design,
implementation, installation, commissioning and maintenance of all
systems, devices and installations of ventilation and air conditioning.
• The parking shall be determined whether it is of the open or closed
type according to the requirements of Paragraph No. (406.5) of the
Saudi Building Code (SBC-201)
10.1.1 Open parking areas with natural ventilation
The minimum external openings shall be applied to allow natural ventilation
as stated in Paragraph No. (406.5.2) of the Saudi Building Code (SBC-201).
10.1.2 Open parking with mechanical ventilation
A. To all the open parking that do not fulfill the requirements stipulated
in Paragraph 406.5 of the Saudi Building Code (SBC-201), a mechanical
system shall be added to draw air out of the building.
B. The air intake points shall be distributed in the parking area to ensure a
homogeneous distribution of the air intake. In such case the ventilation
system shall depend on feeding fresh air through openings in the
walls, which shall achieve the rates in accordance with Clause (404) of
Saudi Mechanical Code (SBC-501) and in accordance with the
requirements of Paragraph (910.4.3.1) of the Saudi Fire Code (SBC-80).
C. The natural ventilation openings shall be distributed according to
Paragraph No. (406.5.2) of the Saudi Building Code (SBC-201).
10-1-3 Closed parking areas
1. All closed parking areas, whether they are above or under the ground,
shall be equipped with a mechanical ventilation system based on fans
to supply and expel air to achieve the minimum ventilation rates
according to clause (404) of Saudi Mechanical Code (SBC-501) and to
allow achieving the lowest concentration rate of carbon monoxide.
2. Air intake points shall be distributed in the parking area to ensure a
homogeneous distribution of the air intake. In such case, the
ventilation system shall depend on fans that supply fresh air.
3. All smoke suction fans shall be adjusted to operate at the temperature
that the fan may be exposed to during a fire for a period of not less
than two hours, according to the mathematical notation reinforcing the
specifications of these fans and code (SBC-801), Clause No. 910.4.2.
4. The discharge capacity of smoke suction fans in case of fire shall be
sufficient to ensure the preservation of the smoke layer at a level higher
than the level of vision of the occupants of the building for a sufficient
period of time to allow them to escape according to the design, and to
provide a smoke-free path for firefighters to fight the fire, according to
 the mathematical notation reinforcing the design of smoke suction
system and computational fluid dynamics (CFD).
5. The design and maintenance of the smoke suction system shall be
according to code (SBC-201), paragraph (910) of code (SBC-801) and
code (NFPA92 2018) or the consequential versions.
6. The Saudi Mechanical Code (SBC-501) shall be applied, especially
Paragraph No. (304.6) regarding equipment installation in public
parking areas, Paragraph No. (304.7) regarding the installation of
equipment in private parking areas, and Table No. (403.3.1.1) including
the minimum ventilation for various spaces and clause 405 regarding
controlling ventilation systems.
7. Carbon monoxide concentration measurement sensors shall be
installed according to the requirements of clause No. (915) of the Saudi
Fire Code or consequential versions.
8. Exhaust expel exits from parking areas shall be installed in places that
do not have a high occupancy density, and they shall be elevated by
three vertical meters above the level of any opening in an adjacent
building within a radius of 15 meters.
9. The mechanical requirements mentioned in the General Saudi Building
Code (SBC-201) shall be applied, in particular chapter No. (28).
10. In the event of any conflict between the requirements of (NFPA) and
the requirements of Saudi Building Code, the requirements of the
Saudi Building Code shall prevail.
2.10 Health work requirements
The provisions of these requirements shall apply to the design,
implementation, installation, commissioning and maintenance of all sanitary
systems, devices and installations.
1. The requirements of the Saudi Health Code (SBC-701) shall be applied
with regard to sanitary extensions, and in particular clause No. (305.7)
concerning the protection of sanitary works components, Clause No.
(1002) and Paragraph No. (1003.4.2.2) including the requirements of oil
 separators, provided that such separators shall be at the end of the
drain slopes, and Clause (1303.1) on prevention of using rainwater
collected from parking surfaces in any other uses.
2. Sanitary engineering requirements mentioned in the Saudi Special
Sanitary Code (SBC-702) shall be applied.
3. The sanitary engineering requirements mentioned in the Saudi
General Building Code (SBC-201) shall be applied specially Chapter
No. (29).
10.3 Requirements of firefighting works
The provisions of these requirements shall apply to the design,
implementation, installation, commissioning and maintenance of all systems,
devices and installations of firefighting.
1. The requirements of the Saudi Fire Code (SBC-801) with regard to
firefighting supplies shall be applied, including but not limited to
clause (903.2.10) related to closed parking areas, and Chapter 9
regarding different firefighting systems that are determined according
to the degree of severity of different blanks according to the
classification approved by the Saudi Building Code (SBC-201).
2. The effectiveness of firefighting systems in all situations shall be
ensured in accordance with the requirements of the Saudi Fire Code
(SBC-801) and as per hazard classification approved by the Saudi
Building Code (SBC-201).
3. The requirements of the Saudi Building Code (SBC-201), including but
not limited to chapter (406) especially clause No. (406.4) relating to
public parking areas shall be complied with, clause No. (406.5)
pertaining to open parking areas, and clause No. (406.6) pertaining to
closed parking areas.
4. Closed parking areas shall be equipped with an automatic fire
extinguishing system when needed in accordance with the
requirements of Paragraph No. (6.3.406) of the Saudi Building Code
(SBC-201).
5. Open parking areas shall be equipped with a purlin system for the
purpose of extinguishing fire and protecting the building and its
occupants in accordance with the requirements of Paragraph No.
(406.5.8) of the Saudi Building Code (SBC-201).
6. In mechanical parking areas where two cars are placed vertically, the
parking shall be classified as (High Hazards Group B) and the
firefighting system shall be designed in accordance with the
requirements of Saudi Building Code (SBC-201) and the Saudi Fire
Code (SBC-801) for this classification.
7. Installation, repair, and maintenance of firefighting systems and
removing obstacles from escape corridors within the parking areas
shall be the responsibility of the owner, the validity of the equipment
shall be periodically checked and the electrical current shall not be
disconnected from it at any time.
8. The design of the submitted firefighting systems shall be approved by
a qualified and specialized engineering office from the consultative
offices approved by the General Directorate of Civil Defense.
Chapter 11
Electrical Requirements
11. Electrical requirements
1. The provisions of these requirements shall be applied when designing,
implementing, installing, commissioning and maintaining all electrical
systems, devices and installations and light current systems for
buildings and facilities specified within the scope of this version.
2. The requirements of Chapter (718) of the Saudi Building Code (SBC-
401) concerning closed parking areas shall be applied and the
requirements of clause No. (9-55) of the Saudi Building Code (SBC-401)
regarding lighting installations units shall be applied provided that
lighting units of IP protection degree (against dust and water) are
suitable for operating conditions according to the requirements of the
Saudi Building Code.
3. With regard to the work of external electrical systems and networks for
open parking areas, the following shall be applied:
A. The panels, rooms, and external electrical stations designated for
feeding the project shall be within the boundaries of the project
site and the sites thereof shall be determined in such a way that
does not distort the urban landscape, provided that the external
electrical equipment inside suitable containers protected from
accidental contact of unauthorized personnel, traffic of vehicles,
accidental spillage or leakage from pipes of other systems.
B. The requirements of Chapter No. (714) of the Saudi Building
Code (SBC-401) regarding external lighting installations shall be
applied.
C. Apply the following with regard to ground networks
• Regarding the requirements for burial of cables and
pipes, paragraphs No. (58-8.2 and 52-2.8.10) of the Saudi
Building Code (SBC-401) shall be applied along with the
commitment to determine and protect underground
facilities upon implementation.
 • The minimum limit of burial depth for underground
cables stipulated in Paragraph No. (708:52-1.7.2) of the
Saudi Building Code (SBC-401) in places of vehicle
passage or in places where it is possible to install ground
anchors or tent pegs or the like.
D. In the case of using power lines, the requirements of paragraph
No. (1.7.3-708:52) of the Saudi Building Code (SBC-401) shall be
applied.
E. The following degrees of lighting intensity shall be complied
with in open parking areas:
Place type and use E-m (LUX) U°
Light traffic parking areas such as parking 5 0.25
areas for shops and residential buildings
Medium traffic parking areas such as office 10 0.25
buildings and sports buildings
Heavy traffic parking areas such as trade 20 0.25
center's parking areas (malls) schools and
large sports buildings
Em: "maintained average horizontal illuminance" and its unit is "Lux"
U°: Minimum luminance to average illuminance of any surface

4. Main electrical distribution panels and control panels shall be locked

and shall only be opened by special tools or switches, or shall be inside
locked rooms, taking into account the presence of the electrical panels
in designated places and protected from damage.
5. The requirements of the Saudi Building Code shall be applied,
including the general code, electrical code, fire code, and industry
assets in electrical works, including extensions, internal and external
installations and circuit breakers (Chapter 27/201, Section IV and V
/401) including security and safety requirements, detection, alarm and
feeding pumps and fire protection systems (Clauses 907/ 801 and 201),
 lighting signs and escape routes, clauses (1008, 1013/801 and 201),
emergency feeding systems, clause (801/406), grounding (Chapter
401/54), artificial lighting, clause (201/1205), protection from lightning
strikes, Chapter (401/82) and requirements of bearing the climatic
conditions according to the project documents and as guided by Table
No(1-11) of (SBC-601) and energy efficiency requirements of electrical
system for non-residential buildings (SBC-601), while ensuring that the
networks of the various systems are separated from the emergency
network and ensuring that all materials, gear and installations are in
compliance with the Saudi Standard Specifications.

6. In case of multistory independent parking buildings, a coordination

certificate shall be submitted by the electrical service provider
indicating the expected date of service delivery, the amount of
electrical energy required, the potential and requirements of supply
and specifying the sites and areas of the required electricity rooms on
the building plans and the general site in compliance with the design
of networks and systems of low voltage and distribution panels based
on distribution voltage of 3 phase 230-/400 Volts and frequency 60 Hz,
unless it is required to supply different distribution voltage by the
electrical service provider, provided that this is clear in the documents
submitted.
7. The submitted electrical documents shall contain detailed design plans
and technical specifications for the materials used for all electrical
systems and light current systems and shall be approved by an
engineering office certified and qualified by the General Directorate of
Civil Defense.
Chapter 12
Operation and Maintenance
12. Operation and Maintenance
During operation and maintenance in multi-story parking areas, the following
considerations shall be taken into account:
12.1 Operation
• Movable barriers shall be commissioned at entrances, exits and parking
areas automatically or by an operator.
• The guiding signs that specify the speed at the parking area and
indicate directions, turns, slopes, emergency exits, heights, toilets, and
elevators shall be placed. The indicative lights shall be turned on
automatically or via the control room, and the emergency signals shall
be activated automatically.
• An observer who supervises the operation of the parking area shall be
present. One of his responsibilities is to ensure that the parking area
shall not be used for any purpose other than the purpose for which it
was established.
• Car plate numbers that remain in the parking area for more than 24
hours shall be recorded, and the traffic and police shall be informed of
them, unless there is a prior understanding on them.
• The facilities shall be operated by the most economical and effective
means in order to reduce energy and water consumption to the lowest
level without affecting the level of services provided.
• Systems shall be operated and instructions and training shall be
provided to the employers staff assigned to that.
• Daily inspection shall be conducted to ensure that all electromechanical
equipment is functioning on site and any breakdowns shall be
informed to maintenance teams.
• Permanent examination of elevators shall be conducted and any cases
of breakdown and detention of elevators shall be immediately dealt
with.
 • All tools and consumables necessary to continue operating shall be
provided as required.

2.12 Maintenance
• The structural parts of the building shall be periodically inspected in
the parking area and the necessary maintenance shall be carried out.
• The automatic fire extinguishing device at the parking areas shall be
periodically tested, and all fire extinguisher tubes shall be periodically
maintained.
• Water drainage pipes, water pumps and tanks shall be periodically
maintained.
• All indicative signs and lighting lamps shall be maintained, and
damaged ones shall be replaced and illuminated signs shall be
maintained.
• The parking area shall be permanently cleaned from dust and waste.
• The mechanical devices for renewing air shall be periodically
maintained
• The elevators shall be periodically maintained.
• The lines on the parking area shall be periodically painted.
• The fire extinguishers shall be periodically inspected and maintained
to ensure their safety, and the necessary checks shall be periodically
conducted in accordance with the instructions and requirements of the
concerned authorities.
• Preventive and corrective maintenance shall be performed on the
systems and their components in accordance with the instructions and
recommendations of the manufacturers and the best practices for
operation and maintenance after being approved by the supervisory
authority.
• Movable barriers at entrances and exits of parking areas shall be tested
and maintained.
• Expansion joints and structural joints in parking areas shall be
maintained.
• Records of preventive and corrective maintenance work shall be kept.
• Cooperating with the supervisory authority and providing any
technical support to maintain the levels of contents, spare parts,
materials and storage levels.
Chapter 13
Smart parking
13. Smart Parking
It is a way to manage parking areas in modern cities in a smart way by using
information technology tools to increase the efficiency of parking operations
to the optimum extent. Most of these systems may be applied to all kinds of
parking areas: on both sides of the road, surficial parks, under building parks
and on multi-story parks. It is represented in the following systems that are
available now or may be available in the near future.
• Available parking information system: which identifies vacant spaces
by means of sensors installed in the ground under the car’s site or
above the car’s site. Double magnetic and infrared searchlights have
proven their efficiency and have been used in a number of countries.
• Automatic guidance system: it works in parallel with the available
parking information system. It is similar to GPS car steering systems
and aims to save the driver's time in reaching the vacant position as
well as saving fuel consumption.
• Automated parking system: where the driver leaves his cars at a
specific delivery point, and the car is automatically directed to the
vacant parking area, parked and then returned to the delivery point
when the driver is ready to leave. All of this is done automatically,
without human intervention. This system allows to reduce the space
required for parking and thus increase the number of parking spaces.
• Parking applications on mobile devices: which provide information
on available parking spaces on both sides of the roads and off-road
parking areas.
• Parking reservation systems: it is a system that is limited to operation.
• Electronic collection systems: it allows to shorten the entry and exit
time.
• Systems to increase the efficiency of safety for the safety of individuals
and cars.
• Parking management systems.
• Mixing a number of different systems to achieve better results for
parking problems, reduce time spent in this process, save fuel and
achieve sustainability.
Chapter 14
Duration of update, property rights and reference
14. Duration of update, property rights and reference
• This guide shall be periodically updated every five years.
• Other updates may be made if necessary.
• The projects that were contracted for design prior to the issuance of
this guide shall be excluded.
• It is not permitted to deduct a part of this version and use it alone, and
it is not permitted to use the components of the version in the work of
producing other versions without written permission from the
Ministry of Municipal and Rural Affairs.
• Intellectual property limits are considered in the production of this
version and it contains a list of all references that were referenced
when preparing this version.
References:
• The technical requirements for parking areas - Ministry of Municipal
and Rural Affairs
• Manual of planning standards for parking areas - Ministry of
Municipal and Rural Affairs
• Technical standards and operational specifications for road
components and elements in Riyadh – Car parks and parking facilities.
• Geometric Design Manual for Dubai Roads 2018
• ADM (Abu Dhabi Municipality) IRID - Roadway Design
Manual_Version 2.0 (November 2014)
• ADM (Abu Dhabi Municipality) Standard Drawings