EXCEL 2021

A Complete Guide on How to Use Excel in General

and All the Major Feature Updates Related To the
Latest Version of Excel

MAXWELL RUELL
© Copyright 2021 by MAXWELL RUELL- All rights reserved.
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Contents
Introduction
Chapter 1: Introduction to Microsoft Excel
1.1 What Is Excel?
1.2 Brief History of Microsoft
1.3 History of MS Excel
1.4 How to Get Started With MS Excel?
1.5 Main Parts of MS Excel
1.6 Working with the Excel Environment
Chapter 2: Overview of All Uses of Microsoft Excel
2.1 Storing and Analyzing Data
2.2 Excel Tools That Make Your Work Much Easier
2.3 Spreadsheets and Data Recovery
2.4 Mathematical Formulas That Make Calculation Easier
2.5 Security
2.6 Add Sophistication to Your Data Presentations
2.7 Accessible Online
2.8 Keeps Your Data Combined At One Place
2.9 Helps Businessmen in Making Future Strategy
2.10 Manage Expenses
2.11 Some Other Captivating Uses of MS Excel
Chapter 3: Microsoft Excel 2021
3.1 Brief Review 0f Previous Versions of Excel
3.2 All about MS Excel 2021
3.3 Detailed Feature Updates
3.4 Overall Benefits of Using MS Excel 2021
3.5 Advantages of Excel 2021 for Employees
3.6 Advantages of Advanced Excel for Employers
Chapter 4: Creating Workbook Using MS Excel 2021
4.1 Worksheets vs. Workbooks
4.2 Create a Workbook
4.3 Save Your Workbook to One-Drive in Excel
4.4 Add or Remove a Worksheet
4.5 Change the location or Copy Worksheets or Worksheet Data
4.6 Analyze and Format In Excel
4.7 Print a Workbook or Worksheet
4.8 Collaborate in Excel
Chapter 5: Detailed Features and Functions of Excel
 5.1 Different Tabs on Main Window
5.2 Basics Features
5.3 Data Analysis Tools
5.4 Visual Basic for Applications
5.5 Formulas and Functions
Chapter 6: Guide to Use Excel for Managing Finance
6.1 Excel Functions Used For Finance
6.2 Why Build a Financial Model?
6.3 Excel Tips and Tricks
6.4 Financial Modeling Best Practices
6.5 Building the Forecast
Conclusion
Introduction

Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet program for Windows, macOS, Android,

and iOS that was created by Microsoft. It's a spreadsheet application for
recording and analyzing numerical data. Consider a spreadsheet to be a table
made up of columns and rows. Microsoft Corporation created MS excel in
1985. It helps in organizing data in rows and columns that can be modified
using a formula to perform mathematical operations on the data.
This spreadsheet-based software tool developed by Microsoft employs
formulas and functions to organize numbers and data. Excel analysis is used
by advanced businesses of all sizes all over the world to execute the financial
analysis. Excel has alleviated more pains than any pain medicine, and the
world owes Microsoft a debt of gratitude for its invention. In this book, you
will learn almost everything about Microsoft Excel and especially about the
new features of Excel 2021, which is meant to assist users in computing
different functions and formulas, has a variety of useful features. The
mathematical calculations, on the other hand, allow users to assess large data
sets with only a few basic settings. Users may quickly handle income
statements, balance sheets, and other financial information sets using the
formulas. Excel, like any other Microsoft product, is very simple to use. The
design seems to readily direct novice users to the needed functionality, which
is all neatly organized in a toolbar at the top of the screen. Individuals trying
to handle social data will find the application incredibly useful. Users may
add data for descriptions and titles in an infinite number of rows and
columns, which can then be searched using a search option. Of course, users
may use the software as a calendar of social events for their forthcoming
activities at a most basic level. After all, no other software rival provides
such a seamless experience with so many extra options. There is no better
spreadsheet application than Microsoft Excel when it refers to spreadsheet
computing.
Microsoft Excel was originally released on the market in 1987, 32 years ago.
It was built as new software to calculate fundamental end-user functions for
individuals searching for a faster way to compute. Many versions of MS
excel have been launched, and the latest one is Excel 2021, which has highly
professional features for high-end businesses and financial analysts to
manage their work most efficiently like never before. The program grew
increasingly sustainable over time for a variety of reasons. Users will be able
to handle massive amounts of data, create balance sheets, and plan journeys
in no time. Microsoft Excel nowadays provides so much more than that,
allowing users to execute a number of spreadsheet-related activities. Those
that open Excel will be able to get started using it right away. The user
interface is divided into cells and comprises an unlimited number of columns
and rows. Data becomes the part of the spreadsheet that is entered into a cell,
which may be used for basic data storage or computations. The best part is
that MS Excel spreadsheets are really simple to share and change. They may
be shared quickly through email, external hard disc, or USB.
Forget about all of the hassles that come with bulk data input. Get started
with Microsoft Excel to see how simple it is to create stunning spreadsheets.
To remain competitive in today's environment, all businesses must adapt and
progress. Implementing development programs so that workers can remain
on top of the newest technology and work as effectively as possible is one
approach to remain ahead of the pack and enhance profitability. Employers
may also preserve one of their most significant assets: their people via
ongoing training and growth. MS Excel helps the employees that are talented
and desire to be motivated and work hard to remain ahead of the competition
who must have the advanced knowledge of new software and technologies.
Organizations can improve retention and lower employee turnover by giving
them the education and training about the new coming advanced software
such as Microsoft Excel to be as efficient as they want to be. They can also
reduce to loss of valuable and the most talented employees to competitors by
offering them ongoing training to be successful. Microsoft Excel for Business
is an application that is often used in these business training programs. This
book will teach you how to utilize Excel to better and effectively run your
business.
Chapter 1: Introduction to Microsoft Excel

Microsoft Excel is among the most widely used software programs in the
world. Microsoft Excel is used by thousands of millions of individuals all
around the globe. Excel allows you to input a wide range of data and conduct
financial, mathematical, and statistical computations. MS Excel is a
spreadsheet tool that is part of the Microsoft Office suite. Spreadsheets are
rows and columns of numbers that may be changed numerically using both
simple and advanced arithmetic functions and operations. The application is
compatible with a variety of operating systems, including Windows, tablets,
mac-OS, and smartphones.

1.1 What Is Excel?

Microsoft Excel is a useful and sophisticated software for documentation
and data analysis. It's a spreadsheet application with several columns and
rows, with each junction of a row and a column being referred to as a "cell."
Each cell includes a single piece of data or information. You may make
information simpler to access and automatically derive info from changing
data by arranging the data in this manner. It is a tool developed by Microsoft
that enables users to organize, arrange, and compute data using formulae.
This program is included in the MS Office suite, which is compatible with
other Office programs. Microsoft Excel, like other Office applications,
is available as a cloud-based subscription via Office 365.
Microsoft Excel is a commercial spreadsheet tool developed by Microsoft
and published for the Mac OS operating systems and Microsoft Windows. It
includes, among other things, the ability to make simple calculations, utilize
graphing tools, construct pivot tables, and construct macros. To organize and
manage data, spreadsheet programs like MS Excel employ a collection of
cells organized into rows and columns. They can also use charts, histograms,
and line graphs to present data. MS Excel allows users to organize
information in order to see various elements from multiple angles. Excel has
a programming language called the Microsoft Visual basic that may be used
to develop a range of advanced numerical algorithms in Excel. Programmers
have the option of creating code directly in the Visual Basic Editor, which
includes Windows for debugging and organizing code modules. Microsoft
Excel played a critical role in accounting and record-keeping for company
operations in the early years of accessible business computing. Table with an
AutoSum format is one of the greatest examples of an MS Excel use case.
Entering a column of data and clicking into the cell at the bottom of the
excel spreadsheet, then using the "AutoSum" button to enable that cell to
add all of the numbers up in the input above, is fairly simple with Microsoft
Excel. This replaces manual ledger counts, which were a time-consuming
component of business prior to the development of the current spreadsheet.
MS Excel has become a must-have for numerous types of corporate
computing, which includes looking at daily, weekly, or monthly data,
tabulating taxes and payroll, and other comparable corporate procedures,
thanks to the AutoSum and other developments.
Microsoft Excel has become a crucial end-user technology, valuable in
professional development and training, thanks to a variety of easy application
cases. MS Excel has been added in courses of basic business diploma on
business computers for a number of years, and temporary job agencies may
evaluate persons for a variety of clerical roles based on their capabilities
with Microsoft Excel.
1.2 Brief History of Microsoft
In 1975, two boyhood friends from Seattle, Paul G. Allen and Bill Gates,
modified BASIC, a famous programming language of a mainframe computer,
to use on the Altair, an old personal computer. Allen and Gates and launched
Microsoft not long after, naming it after the phrases software and
microcomputer. They improved BASIC and created new programming
languages over the following several years. In 1980, IBM requested
Microsoft to provide the key operating system or software for the IBM PC,
which was the company's very 1st PC. Microsoft bought another company's
operating system, changed it. They renamed it MS Disk Operating System
(MS-DOS). In 1981, Microsoft-DOS was launched alongside the IBM
Personal Computer. Following that, most personal computer manufacturers
licensed the new MS Disk Operating System as their leading operating
system, producing massive revenues for Microsoft Corporation; Around the
early months of 1990s, there were over millions of copies of this software
that were sold, defeating rival systems like CP/M. With a graphical and
friendly user interface, with Windows, whose third edition is introduced in
1990, Microsoft established its stronghold in operating systems. Millions of
copies of The Windows 3.0 version and other later versions were sold out on
monthly basis, and Microsoft's operating system was installed on roughly
90% of the world's computers. Around 1995, Company developed Windows
95 that completely merged new operating system of Microsoft with Windows
for the first time and essentially equaled Apple Computer's Mac OS in terms
of simplicity of use. Microsoft also surpassed long-time competitors Lotus
and WordPerfect as the top seller in productivity apps like word processors
and spreadsheet tools.

1.3 History of MS Excel

Microsoft is a company that specializes in Excel that has been around since
1982 when it was initially released as Multiplan, a spreadsheet program that
was very successful on CP/M systems but lost ground to Lotus 1-2-3 on MS-
DOS systems. It was a popular Control Program for Microcomputers (CP/M),
but when Lotus 1-2-3 quickly overtook it on MS-DOS systems, it prompted
the creation of a brand new spreadsheet known as Excel, which was created
with the goal of "doing everything 1-2-3 does, but better."
Microsoft released Excel v2.0 for Windows in 1987, and by 1988, it had
begun to outsell the famous Lotus 1-2-3 and the nascent Quatro-Pro. Visual
Basic for Applications VBA), often known as Macros, was featured in
Microsoft Excel 5.0 for Windows in 1993. This opened up almost limitless
possibilities in terms of automating repetitive operations like number
crunching, process automation, and data presentation for enterprises. Lotus 1-
2-3, initially released in 1982 by the Lotus Development Corporation,
dominated the early 1980s spreadsheet industry for personal computers (PCs)
running Microsoft's MS-DOS operating system. Microsoft created a rival
spreadsheet, and the very first version of MS Excel for Apple Inc.'s
Macintosh computer was published in 1985. The new program soon gained
popularity due to its excellent visuals and speedy processing. Excel was able
to establish popularity among Macintosh users since Lotus 1-2-3 was not
supported for the Macintosh. In 1987, Microsoft released the next version of
Excel, which was the first to operate on the company's new Windows
operating system. The powerful application gained popularity because of its
graphics-heavy interface, which was built to operate on the newest Windows
systems. Lotus took a long time to create a Version for windows of its
spreadsheet, enabling Excel to gain market dominance and finally overtake
Lotus as the most popular spreadsheet program in the mid-1990s. Excel had
begun to outsell 1-2-3, assisting Microsoft in becoming the major PC
software developer. Toolbars, drawing, outlining, and 3-D charts, various
shortcuts, and much more automated functions were all included in later
versions of Excel. Microsoft updated the naming scheme for Excel in 1995 to
highlight the product's first release year. Excel 95 was created for the newest
Intel Corporation 386 microprocessor-based 32-bit systems. Microsoft
maintained its lead by releasing new software every two years or so.
In 1997 Excel 97 and in 1999 Excel 2000, these new versions were released.
Excel 2002 was introduced in 2003 as part of the Office XP package, and it
introduced a major new feature that enabled users to restore Excel data and
files in the case of a computer breakdown. Excel 2007 included a revamped
user interface that shared functionality with Microsoft's Word and
PowerPoint programs, enabling users to navigate seamlessly between them.
Additionally, chart creation, security, data sharing, formula writing, filtering
and sorting have all been enhanced. This achievement, which dethroned the
monarch of the software business, established Microsoft as a legitimate
contender and demonstrated its commitment to producing graphical software
in the future.
Present Day Microsoft Excel
Due to its flexibility to adapt to practically any business activity, Microsoft
Excel is one of the most familiar, adaptable, and frequently used the business
program in the world today, including the newest releases of Excel 2021 and
Excel365. When used in conjunction with other Microsoft Office apps such
as Word, Outlook, and PowerPoint, there is very nothing that this strong
combo cannot manage.
The Future of Excel
What are the options now? With the internet playing such an important role
in your lives and businesses, it's only natural that the demands of the many
would win out. Staying current on upcoming technologies has become a full-
time job as Microsoft systems continue to change. Microsoft Excel will
continue to be the most popular platform for analyzing data, creating
presentations and charts, and integrating with sophisticated tools for business
intelligence workflows and visual dashboards.
Businesses are increasingly turning to cloud computing for data accessibility
and collaboration. It envisions Microsoft Excel's future in the next several
years growing at a break-neck pace to enable multi-user access to large data
for reporting, analysis, and significant advances in efficiency and
productivity. Custom solutions are necessary for today's competitive
corporate climate to preserve a competitive advantage and maximize
profitability. Microsoft Excel consulting firms are the best knowledgeable
about current and new technology. Having a retained professional consultant
is critical in achieving the full efficiency required to succeed in the twenty-
first century.
1.4 How to Get Started With MS Excel?
To begin using Microsoft Excel, you must first install it on your computer,
phone, or other Android or iOS device. While MS Excel for PCs can only be
obtained as part of the MS Office suite, Excel for iPhone and Android may be
downloaded for free. Keep in mind that in order to purchase and to use Office
365 on your computer, you'll need to have a Microsoft account.

1. Using Office 365 on Desktop: Buy an Office 365

subscription. You'll need to acquire an Office 365 subscription
before you can access Microsoft Excel for long-term usage.
Instead, you may find a free trial of Office 365 and download it to
check it out for a month.
2. Office 365 Installation on Your Device: Go to the Office section
of your account.

In your computer's web browser, open the website of your 'my

account' for office.
If you're logged in, this will take you to your Office subscription
page.
If asked, add your email address with a password if you aren't
already signed in. Then Install it. On the left of the website, there's
an orange button for install.
When you click it, the Office setup file will begin to download.
Before the file begins downloading, you may need to pick a save
place or confirm the download based on your browser's settings.
Install Office 365 now. This step will vary based on your
computer's operating system. Do the following after double-
 clicking the Office setup file:

For Mac — Select the Continue button and then click Agree. Now again,
select Continue and then install. Enter the password of your Mac system and
click Install Software, then close when it appears.
For Windows — Select the Yes button when prompted, and then wait for
Office 365 to complete the installation. Now you’ll have to click close and
finalize the installation.
Now the Microsoft Excel will be installed as part of each version of Office
365, and you'll find it once the installation process completes:
For Mac — Select the Spotlight button and then type ‘Excel’ to bring the
Excel in the search results at the top.
For Windows — Select the Start button and then type ‘Excel’ to bring the
Excel icon as the first one in the Start menu.

3. Using a Free Trial on Desktop:

Go to the free trial page of the Office to get started. In your computer's web
browser, type https://products.office.com/en-us/try. If you download the
Office 365 free trial, you may use Excel for a month free.

Select the Free 1-Month Trial option. It's on the page's left side.
When asked, log in to your Microsoft account. To do so, give your
email address with your password. This step may not be necessary
if you recently logged into your Microsoft account.
Select the next option. Towards the end of the page, you'll find it.
Decide on a mode of payment. Under the "Pick a payment
method" section, input your card information, click debit card or
credit card, or pick other alternatives (e.g., PayPal) section. While
you won't be charged for Office 365 right away, you will be
charged for one year after your one-month trial period has ended.
Fill in the payment details for the payment type you've chosen.
This will contain your card number, card expiry date, and other
 information for a card. If you choose a payment option other than
a credit card, you'll need to enter your information using the on-
screen instructions.
Go to the bottom of the page and choose the next option. This will
bring you to the overview page. If you paid using a means other
than a credit card, you might be asked to provide your billing
information and select next before proceeding.
Next, choose the option to subscribe. This option could be found at
the end of the page. After that, you'll be brought to the account's
"Office" page.
Get Office 365 and install it. Perform the following actions:
Select Install on the left of the page.
Double-click the downloaded Office 365 setup file.
Follow any installation steps that appear on the screen.
Before you're charged, cancel your trial. If you don't like to be
charged for a year in a month's time, take these steps:
If you want to cancel, then go to your Microsoft account and log
in.
Under the "Office 365" header, scroll down and choose Payment
& billing.
A page will appear; on the right side, click Cancel and when
requested, click Confirm cancellation.

On iPhone: Open the App Store on your iPhone.

Click the search box.

Look for Excel on the internet. Type excel into the search box,
then hit excel from the list of results. This will open the Excel
spreadsheet.
Select "Get" from the drop-down menu. It's directly next to the
 Excel icon. If you've already downloaded Excel, press the
"Download" icon instead.
Put in your Touch ID code. To be sure you've made the right
selection, scan your fingerprint. The download of Microsoft Excel
will begin.
Once downloaded, you can use Excel on your iPhone.

On Android: Open the Google Play Store on your Android device.

Click on the search bar if your Play Store displays a different tab
than GAMES, press GAMES towards the top right of your screen
before tapping the search field.
Type excel, then choose Microsoft Excel from the drop-down
options. You'll be sent to the MS Excel page as a result of this.
Select the option to install. It will begin to download Microsoft
Excel. To begin the download, hit ACCEPT if requested.
Once downloaded, you can use excel on your android device.

1.5 Main Parts of MS Excel

You can use excel to do computations, analyses, and visualizations of
information and data once you have it downloaded on your device. For
documentation and data analysis, Excel is useful and sophisticated software.
A spreadsheet software with several columns and rows, with each crossing
between a column and a row being referred to as a "cell." Each cell includes a
single piece of data or information. You may make information simpler to
access and automatically derive information by changing data and arranging
the data in this manner. To perform all of this, you must first understand the
fundamentals of Excel. The primary elements of practically all current
versions of MS Excel that include Office 365, Excel 2021, Excel 2019, 2016,
and other previous versions, are listed here. There may be some minor
variations, but these versions are quite comparable.
The Excel Start Screen: The Microsoft Excel Start Screen appears when
you launch Excel for the very first time. You can choose a template or create
a new workbook and retrieve your recently changed workbooks from here.
Locate and choose Blank workbook from the MS Excel Start Screen to enter
the Excel interface.

Spreadsheet Basics: Each MS Excel file is a workbook, and each workbook

may include several worksheets. The worksheet consists of rows and
columns. The blue buttons at the top of the worksheet identify the letters of
the columns. The row numbers are given by the blue buttons on the
worksheet's left side. A cell is the point where a row a column and meet. You
may fill in the blanks with your information. Text, numbers, and formulas for
automated computations may all be entered into cells. The cell address for
each cell in the spreadsheet is the column letter accompanied by the row
number.
The Parts of The Excel Window: Some features of the excel window, are
common in most Microsoft programs. The formula bar, worksheet and name
box tabs, on the other hand, are more spreadsheet-specific features. The
various components of the Excel window are as follows:

1.
Quick Access Toolbar: Regardless of whatever tab is chosen, the
Quick Access Toolbar allows you to access popular tasks. You
may personalize the instructions to suit your needs.

2.
The Ribbon: The Ribbon provides all of the instructions that
you'll need to do typical Excel operations. It features various tabs,
each with a different set of instructions.
3.
Tell me: The Tell me option functions similarly to a search bar,
allowing you to easily locate tools or instructions.

4.
Name Box: The Name box option shows the name, or location, of
the chosen cell.

5. Microsoft Account: You can browse your profile, switch

accounts, and manage your MS account information from here.
 6.
Formula Bar: You can input or change data, a function, a
formula that will show in a particular cell in the formula bar.

7. Cell: A cell is a rectangular area in a workbook. A cell is a point

where a column a row and meet. To choose a cell, just click it.

Cell Address: The name that may be used to address a cell is called the cell
address. If row 7 is inserted in column G, for example, the cell address will
be G7.

8.
Column: A column is a set of cells that runs from top to bottom on
a page. Columns in Excel are denoted by letters.

9.
Row: A row is a set of cells that runs from left to right across the
page. Numbers are used to identifying rows in Excel.

10. Worksheets: Workbooks are the name given to

Excel files. Worksheets are included in each workbook. To switch
between tabs, click them, or you can right-click on them for
additional choices.
 11. Worksheet View Options: To view the worksheet,
here are 3 ways. You can simply click on this command and select
the view that you desire.

12.

Vertical and Horizontal Scroll Bars: You can scroll up and

down or side to side using the scroll bars. To do so, hover your
mouse over the horizontal or vertical scroll bar and drag it up or
down.

13. Zoom Control: To utilize the zoom control, click

and move the slider. The zoom percentage is shown by the number
written on the right of the slider.
Full Excel Interface: The main Excel window or interface comprises all the
previously mentioned parts.
1.6 Working with the Excel Environment
To work with Excel, you need to first understand the working of all the major
parts of the excel window, which includes the excel interface as well as the
Backstage view. The controls to conduct common actions in Excel may be
found on Quick Access Toolbar and the Ribbon. The Backstage view
provides you with a variety of choices for saving, printing, viewing, and
sharing your work.

1. The Ribbon: Instead of typical menus, Excel has a tabbed Ribbon

structure. The Ribbon has various tabs, each with a different set of
instructions. These tabs will help you accomplish the most
frequent Excel activities.

There will be one or more groups on each tab.

You'll see an arrow next to certain groupings that you may click to
see additional possibilities.
To view additional commands, choose a tab.
The Ribbon Display menu Options allow you to customize how
the Ribbon is presented.
Extra tabs to the Ribbon may be installed by certain apps, for
example, Adobe Acrobat Reader. Add-ins are the name for these
tabs.

To Change The Ribbon Display Options: The Ribbon is meant to adapt to

your current project, but if it occupies too much screen space, you can opt to
minimize it. To access the drop-down menu, click on the options of Ribbon
Display that is on the upper-right corner of the Ribbon. In the options menu
of Ribbon, there are three options to choose from:

Auto-hide Ribbon: It covers the Ribbon and puts your worksheet

in full-screen mode. Select the Expand Ribbon option at the top of
the screen to see the Ribbon.
Show Tabs: When not in use, this option covers all command
groups, but tabs remain visible. Simply press a tab to bring up the
 Ribbon.
Show Tabs and Commands: It is the option that expands the
Ribbon to its full potential. You'll be able to see all of the
instructions and tabs. When you launch MS Excel for the first
time, this option is chosen by default.

2. The Quick Access Toolbar: The Quick Access Toolbar, which is

located right above the Ribbon, allows you to access common
actions regardless of which tab is chosen. It comes with the
Undo, Save, and Repeats commands by default. Depending on
your preferences, you may add other commands.

To add other options/commands to the Quick Access Toolbar:

On the right of the Quick Access Toolbar, click the drop-down

arrow.
From the drop-down menu, choose the command you wish to add.
Select More Commands to get a list of more commands.
In the Quick Access Toolbar, the commands will be added

3. Tell Me: The Tell me box functions similarly to a search bar,

allowing you to easily locate tools or instructions.

Write out what you want to accomplish in your own words.

You'll have a few alternatives based on the findings. To utilize
one, click it as if it were a Ribbon command.

4. Worksheet Views: Excel provides a number of different viewing

settings that change the appearance of your worksheet. These
views are useful for a variety of activities, particularly if you want
to print your spreadsheet.
Select Page Layout view, Normal view, or Page Break view from the
instructions, which is present at the right corner at the bottom of the Excel
window to change worksheet views.
 Page Layout view shows how the worksheets will look when
printed.
The default view is the Normal view which is for all of
the worksheets in Excel. In this mode, you may also include
headers and footers.
The Page Break view enables you to move page breaks around,
which is extremely useful when printing a large amount of data
from Excel.

5. Backstage view: Backstage view provides a variety of choices for

saving, viewing, sharing and printing workbooks.
To access Back-stage view: Click on the File tab at the top of the excel
window on the Ribbon. It will take you to the backstage view.

All the options of backstage view from top to bottom are as follows:

Return to Excel: You can use this arrow option to close the Back-
stage view and then return to the Excel window.
Info: You will see the Info pane option whenever you will come
to the Back-stage view. It contains all the information that belongs
to your current workbook.
New: From this option, you can make a blank new workbook, or
you can select from a large number of templates.
Open: From this option, you can always open a recently done
workbook and also the workbooks that are saved in your One-
Drive or that are present on your personal computer.
Save and Save As: Use this option to save your current workbook
on your computer, or you can also save it to your One-Drive.
Print: From the Print pane option, you can easily alter the settings
of print for your workbook. Preview of your workbook can also be
seen using this option.
Share: Using this option, you can send an invitation to the people
to see and collaborate on the workbook you have just completed.
You can share it with other people by emailing them the workbook
as an attachment.
Export: You can export your workbook if you wish in different
formats, such as Excel 1997-2021 or PDF/XPS using this option.
Publish: Using this option, you can easily publish the workbook to
Microsoft's cloud-sharing option for MS Excel workbooks or
Power BI.
Close: Click this option to close your current workbook.
Account: From the Account pane option, you can use your MS
account info, modify your background and theme, and can sign out
of your Microsoft account.
Options: Using this, you can always change various types of
Excel settings, options, and preferences for language.
Chapter 2: Overview of All Uses of Microsoft Excel
Excel is often used for data organization and financial analysis. It is utilized
in all business operations and by businesses of all sizes. MS Excel is
commonly used these days by everyone since it is incredibly useful and saves
a lot of time. It has been in use for many years and is improved with new
features every year. MS Excel's most striking feature is that it could be
utilized anywhere and for any type of work. It is utilized for things like
billing, analysis, data management, inventory, business duties, finance and
sophisticated computations, among other things. It may also be used to do
mathematical computations and to store critical data in the form of
spreadsheets or charts.
The office Suite and Microsoft Excel have almost infinite applications. Take
a look at the following list of the most popular and useful Excel features. The
following are some of Excel's most common uses:

Data management
Accounting
Data Entry
Financial analysis
Programming
Graphing and charting and
Management of tasks
Management of time
Customer relationship management (CRM)
Financial modeling
It organizes anything which needs to get organized and managed.

Model and analyses practically any data efficiently

Quickly zero in on the correct data points
 Create data visualizations in a one cell
Take benefit of more dynamic and interactive Pivot Charts
You can use your spreadsheets from anywhere virtually.
Add more elegance to your presentations
Make things simpler and quicker
Harness greater power for generating larger, more complicated
spreadsheets
Work together to connect, share, and achieve more
Excel Services allows you to publish and share your work.

When you combine all of the above with the ability to modify and automate
any activity using Visual Basic for Applications (VBA), you have a
powerful Business Intelligence (BI) platform that is versatile and innovative
enough to address practically any business requirement. MS Excel protects
your files, ensuring that nobody else may access or corrupt them. You may
password-protect your files with the aid of MS Excel. MS Excel is accessible
from any location and at any time. If you don't have access to a laptop, you
may use your phone to work on MS Excel. MS Excel has so many
advantages that it is becoming an unavoidable part of millions of people's
lives. MS Excel provides a variety of features and tools that make work
easier and save time.
To get the most out of MS Excel, you must first understand how it works.
The following are the most in-depth uses of Microsoft Excel:
2.1 Storing and Analyzing Data
One of the most useful features of Microsoft Excel is the ability to analyses
vast volumes of data in order to spot patterns. You may summarize data and
save it in an orderly manner with the aid of charts and graphs and so that you
can readily access it whenever you need it. It becomes easy to save data, and
you will save a great amount of time as a result. Data may be utilized for a
variety of reasons after it has been saved in a systematic manner. Excel
makes it much easier to do numerous operations on data by providing a
variety of tools.
2.2 Excel Tools That Make Your Work Much Easier
MS Excel has a variety of functions that make your job a lot easier and save
you time. There are fantastic tools for filtering, sorting, and searching that
make your job even easier. You can do your task in much less time if you
utilize these tools with pivot tables and other tools. Multiple items may be
quickly searched from enormous volumes of data to assist in the solution of a
variety of issues and concerns.
2.3 Spreadsheets and Data Recovery
Another advantageous feature of Microsoft Excel is for your lost data that if
your data gets deleted or lost, you may easily retrieve it. If a businessman has
essential data recorded in MS Excel and it is destroyed lost, or the file is lost,
he need not worry since the new Excel XML format may be used to recover
the damaged file lost or data. The second key purpose is that MS Excel
spreadsheets make your job easier, and you may minimize the size of
your spreadsheet and make things small simply using the new
Microsoft Excel XML format.
2.4 Mathematical Formulas That Make Calculation Easier
The next great use of Excel is that it allows you to tackle complicated
mathematical issues in a much easier and less time-consuming manner. There
are numerous formulas in MS Excel, and by utilizing them, you can do a
variety of operations on a huge quantity of data at once, such as computing
the sum, average, and so on. As a result, MS Excel is used anytime users
need to solve difficult mathematical issues or apply basic mathematical
functions to tables with a lot of data.
2.5 Security
The most important feature of Microsoft Excel is that it secures Excel files,
allowing users to keep their data safe. Directly inside the excel file or
through Visual Basic programming, all MS Excel files can be password-
protected. People maintain their vital data in Excel so that they may keep it
structured and save time. Almost everyone wants their files to just be
password secured so that nobody can access them or damage them, and MS
Excel is an excellent solution to this issue.
2.6 Add Sophistication to Your Data Presentations
The next benefit of MS Excel is that it allows you to add more elegance to
your data presentations, which means you can enhance the data bars,
highlight any particular elements you want to emphasize, and quickly make
your data more attractive. If you have data saved in Excel and you desire to
emphasize something significant, you can do it using the numerous data
presentation options provided in MS Excel. You can even modify the
spreadsheets on which you've placed data more appealing.
2.7 Accessible Online
Another advantage of Excel is that it is accessible from anywhere, online and
at any time, allowing you to utilize it from any place and from any device. It
allows you to work more conveniently, which implies that if you don't have a
laptop, you may use your phone to do your tasks quickly and effortlessly. As
a result of the extensive versatility that MS Excel offers, individuals choose
to work on it so that they may focus on their job without being distracted by
their location or device.
2.8 Keeps Your Data Combined At One Place
Another useful feature of Excel is that it allows you to store all of your data
in one place. This will assist you in preventing the loss of your data. It will
preserve all of your stuff in one location, so you won't have to spend time
looking for files. As a result, you will save time and will be able to
conveniently seek up the classified and sorted data whenever you need it.
2.9 Helps Businessmen in Making Future Strategy
Data may be represented in the form of graphs and charts to aid in the
identification of various trends. Trend lines may be stretched outside the
graph with the aid of MS Excel, making it simpler to analyses patterns
and trends. In order to improve sales, it is essential to examine the selling
strategy that they follow or the popularity of items. MS Excel makes this
work easier for company owners, allowing them to expand and maximize
revenues.
2.10 Manage Expenses
MS Excel is useful for budgeting. For example, if a doctor earns $50,000 per
month, he will spend a certain amount on expenses, and if he desires to know
precisely how much he is spending each month, he may simply do so using
MS Excel. He may enter his monthly income and costs into excel tables,
which will allow him to see how much income he is spending and, as a result,
reduce his spending.
There are several advantages to utilizing Excel, which is why it is utilized by
people all over the globe for a variety of jobs. Not only does it save time, but
it also makes the job simpler. It is virtually capable of completing any work.
For example, you may do mathematical computations as well as create
graphs and charts to save data. It is simple for a businessperson to compute
and save data in it. MS Excel has the ability to store and analyses massive
amounts of data. It helps to maintain all of the data in one location so that
nothing is lost and no time is wasted looking for specific information. It has
become a popular program as a result of these features, and you will get used
to using it.
2.11 Some Other Captivating Uses of MS Excel
Excel is becoming the professional standard in businesses throughout the
world for just about everything that involves the administration of huge
volumes of data, with more than 1 billion Microsoft Office users worldwide.
Think again if you think MS Excel is just excellent for making you less
worried when staring at a lot of figures and financial reports. Outside just
basic spreadsheets, there are a number of applications for Excel in managing
your business (and beyond), as Tomasz Tunguz demonstrates out. In fact, the
possible applications seem to be limitless. In order to showcase the power
and versatility of everyone's favorite spreadsheet program, we've compiled a
list of numerous ways you may utilize Excel both professionally and
personally, as well as simply for fun.

1. All About Numbers

Of course, Excel's main function is to work with numbers. Excel makes

sorting, retrieving, and analyzing a huge (or even tiny!) quantity of data a
breeze. When it comes to using Excel for anything numbers-related, there are
a few general categories to keep in mind.

Calculating: Simple formulas may be entered to add,

subtract, divide, or multiply two or more numbers. Alternatively,
you may use the AutoSum tool to instantly sum a set of numbers
without having to manually input them into a formula. You may
replicate a formula into neighboring cells once you've created it;
there's no need to repeat the process. By programming your
frequently used formulae in Excel, you may create a completely
personalized calculator. That way, all you have to do is punch in
your figures, and MS Excel will spit out the result for you with no
effort on your part. You can easily multiply, divide, add, and
subtract your data with Excel. To imitate a calculator, just enter
basic formulas in the formula bar. The equal symbol (=) appears at
the start of every formula entry. Simply write the equal
symbol followed by the numeric numbers to compute and the
arithmetic operators to utilize to subtract, the minus sign (-), the
plus symbol (+) to add, the slash (/) to divide, and to multiply
use the asterisk (*) for basic formulas. Then hit ENTER, and Excel
calculates and shows the formula's output right away. When you
input =12.99+16.99 in cell C5 and hit the ENTER, MS Excel
 calculates the answer and shows 29.98. When you input a formula
in a cell, it stays displayed in the formula bar and is displayed
anytime that cell is chosen.

Note: There is no subtract function, despite the fact that there is a

sum function. For subtracting, in a formula, use the negative (-) operator; for
example, =8-3+2-4+12. Alternatively, you may use a minus (-) sign in the
Sum function to transform a quantity to its negative value; the formula
=SUM(12,5,-3,8,-4) for example, employs the Sum function to add 12 and 5,
remove 3, add 8, and then subtract 4 in that sequence.

Use of AutoSum: AutoSum is the simplest method to add a SUM

calculation to your spreadsheet. Select an unfilled cell just below
or above the range you wish to sum, then select AutoSum on the
Formula tabs or Home of the ribbon. AutoSum will detect the
range to be added and construct the sum formula for you. If you
choose a cell to the right or left of the range to sum, this also
works horizontally.

Note: Non-contiguous ranges are not supported by AutoSum.

Avoid Rewriting the Same Formula: You can duplicate a
formula to other cells after you've created it, so you don't have to
redo it. You have the option of copying the formula or using the
fill handle to duplicate it to neighboring cells. When you duplicate
the formula from cell B6 to cell C6, for example, the formula in
the cell changes the cell references to reflect in column C. Make
sure the cell references are right when copying the formula. If
relative references are used, cell references may vary.

Accounting: Budgeting, forecasting, cost monitoring, loan

calculators, financial reports, and other tools are all available.
Excel was essentially created to fulfill these various accounting
requirements. And, given that 89 % use Excel for different
accounting duties, it clearly meets the criteria. Excel even comes
with a variety of spreadsheet templates to help you with all of
these tasks.
Charting: The collection of scatter charts, pie charts, line
charts, area charts, bar charts, and column charts is endless.
Excel's ability to turn columns and rows of figures into attractive
charts is likely to be one of your favorite features if you need to
convey data in a more consumable and visual manner.
Inventory Tracking: Inventory management can be a pain.
Fortunately, Excel can assist workers, company owners, and even
individuals in staying organized and at the peak of their inventory
management before big issues arise.
2.
Making a Plan: Let's get away from the numbers for a moment—
Excel can help you organize and plan a lot of things that don't need
endless rows of figures.

Schedules and Calendars: Do you need to create a content

schedule for your website blog or? Are you looking for lesson
ideas for your classroom? Is there a PTO that is scheduled for you
and your coworkers? Do you and your family have a daily
schedule? Excel may be surprisingly important with regard to
multiple calendars.

Seating Charts: Creating a seating plan for anything from a major

business lunch to a wedding may be a royal pain. Excel,
fortunately, can turn it into a breeze. If you're clever enough, you'll
be able to build your seating chart automatically from your RSVP
spreadsheet.

Goal planning worksheet: Excel's beauty can be seen as it assists

you in having something to keep you motivated and on track,
whether it's career objectives, fitness goals. You may use the tool
to build a variety of logs, spreadsheets, and planning papers to
track your progress and, ideally, finish the race.
Mock-ups: When it refers to the design, Excel may not be the
only thing that springs to mind. However, believe it or not, the tool
may be used to create numerous prototypes and mock-ups. It's a
popular option for developing website wireframes and dashboards,
in particular.
 3. Getting Things Done

Do you want to increase your productivity? Excel, can come to your rescue
with a range of functions that may help you manage your chores and to-dos
with simplicity and order.

Task list: Bye-bye to your traditional to-do list on paper. With

MS Excel, you can create a far more comprehensive work list—
and even monitor your progress on the big tasks you have on your
plate.

Checklist: You can make a basic checklist to cross off the items
you've bought or completed from a shopping list to a list of to-dos
for a planned marketing campaign.

Project management charts: Excel is a real beast in designing

charts, as you have previously seen. This principle is also valid
when it comes to different project management charts. Excel can
help you keep the project on schedule in a variety of methods,
from the waterfall charts to Kanab styled board to oversee your
team's progress.
 Time logs: You already know that keeping track of your time may
help you in being more productive. While there are many
sophisticated applications and tools to assist you in satisfying that
demand, consider MS Excel as the original time-tracking tool. It
continues to be a viable alternative today.

4. Involving Other People: Do you need to get information from

others? One method is to use survey tools and forms. But, don't
worry, you can make your own in Microsoft Excel.

Forms: Excel is an excellent tool for designing forms, from basic

to complex. You may even create numerous drop-down lists so
that users may choose from a pre-defined list of options.
 Quizzes: Trying to assess someone else's or even your own
understanding of a topic? You can generate a pool of
questionnaires with answers in one worksheet and then make an
Excel quiz you using those questions in another worksheet.

5. Staying in Touch: Relationship management is critical to your

career and personal success. Excel, fortunately, makes it simple to
stay in contact.

Customer Relationship Management software (CRM): Do you

need a simple CRM to remain top of mind with your customers?
One may be created in Excel. The best part is that it will be
completely customizable if you build it yourself.
 Mailing list

Data does not always have to be numerical. Excel is also excellent at

handling and categorizing huge lists of names and addresses, making it ideal
for your company's holiday party invitation list or the email lists for a
significant campaign or promotion. Also, you can mail merge using Excel,
which makes printing labels of addresses and other things a lot simpler. A
similar technique may also be used to generate RSVP lists, directories, and
other lists that include a lot of information about individuals.

6. Just for Fun: It doesn't have to always be work and no pleasure

when it comes to Excel. You can make a variety of other
interesting things with the spreadsheet tool.
Historical logs: If you desire to keep track of the different craft
beers you've tried, the exercises you've accomplished, or
something else completely, Excel can help you keep everything
organized and tracked.
Sudoku puzzles: Do you like Sudoku puzzles? You can create
your own in Excel, Alternatively, if you're stuck on an especially
tricky one, you may call the aid of MS Excel to help you figure it
out!
Word Cloud: Word clouds aren't the most scientific way to
portray facts. They are, however, a fascinating (not to mention
gorgeous) method to learn about the most often used terms. Excel
can be used to make one. You can make one in Wordle using MS
excel.

Animations and Art: Excel's capabilities are going to go well

beyond what you may expect. Many individuals have utilized the
program to make some very amazing artwork, ranging from
animations to pixelated portraits.
Trip planner: Do you have a trip planned? Before you make your
bags and take all the necessary things with you and go, make sure
that you have it all covered by making a handy itinerary. You can
even use Excel to create a trip planning template to ensure you
don't forget any of it (from your budgets to flight details!).
 7.
MS EXCEL USE In The Teaching And Learning Process

Microsoft Excel has become an indispensable tool in today's corporate world.

It's even valuable in the academic realm, where it's used in a variety of
creative ways. Let's look at how to properly utilize MS-Excel in the teaching
and learning process.

Teachers may turn any worksheet into a web page and can share it
with students using Excel. This is a good technique to improve the
efficiency of your teaching.
Excel may help you learn visually. Teachers may create a visual
demonstration of any content using this tool. Students will recall
the lecture more easily with such a visual portrayal of the subject.
MS-Excel is an excellent tool for instructors and academic
professionals to use when analyzing any student or academic data.
Excel macro apps may help you with a variety of tasks.
Excel is also very beneficial for students. They utilize the software
to create graphs and charts. It is becoming more important to the
students for projects and other purposes.
 Excel may be used to create a comparison study of different school
and student data.

8. Uses of Excel for Housewives: Excel may be used by housewives

to keep track of their everyday household spending. They have the
ability to generate monthly spending reports. They can keep track
of their expenditure. Also, if women learn Excel, they would be
able to teach basic Excel abilities to their children. It's because
many computer instructors are unable to teach all Excel abilities to
children in schools (for a variety of reasons). Excel may also be
useful for housewives who are running a company or searching for
part-time jobs. They can study and use excel to accomplish a
variety of online and offline tasks and projects from home.
9. Uses of MS Excel in Development of Your Career: When you
train yourself to succeed, you are also learning how to manage
your everyday life. There are several things that must be
considered in everyday living. What is the reason behind this?
Because we have various tasks to do on a daily basis. Shopping,
studying, entertainment, and expenditures are all minor concerns
that must be addressed. If you're a student, you should master
Microsoft Excel as soon as possible. Knowing how to use
Microsoft Excel can help you get a job. Because, as it is previously
said, practically all small as well as medium firms, utilize Excel in
their day-to-day operations. If you're writing about computer
abilities on your resume, be sure you know how to use Excel and
Microsoft Office, as well as how to do Internet research.

Career development is mostly about professional management than it is

about career development. Goal-oriented habits, time
management, work and life management, learning management are all
critical. You may learn such stuff in Excel. When you produce your
college expenditure report, you'll be able to see where you're spending
more money at the end of each month. You may also use Excel to
monitor knowledge if you're studying or taking online courses. Create a
table containing Topic, Date, and Satisfaction Level if you
learned about Conditional formatting today. This is advantageous since
you will be able to comprehend your everyday learning results as well
 as the impacts of learning on you. For example, if you're studying
digital marketing but aren't keeping track of your progress and making
notes in 1 line conclusions, it'll be difficult to apply what you've
learned afterward. For example, if you learned about CTR and
PPC today, it's critical that you write about it in your journal or in Excel
as a conclusion or summary.
This kind of learning and education management is critical. Because it
often occurs when you learn anything on the web or via blogs, you
often forget the major aspects as a result of alternative conclusions. For
example, if someone tells you today to learn English typing, it's merely
advice or a suggestion; but, if someone advises you to study English
typing by utilizing fundamental typing classes like ASDF, LKJ, and
others, it's critical that you write it down and practice it.
Some Points to Always Remember
There are a few things you should know about MS Excel, its apps, and how
to use it:

A .xls extension is used to save a Microsoft Excel file.

MS Excel is used by companies with a big workforce and
employees since it makes storing employee information simpler.
The spreadsheet which you work on is termed a Worksheet
A number of worksheets can be inserted into one single MS Excel
file
This is an information processing application
Spreadsheets in excel can also be used in hospitals and health
facilities where patient information can be stored more easily and
removed easily once their medical records are cleared
Chapter 3: Microsoft Excel 2021

Microsoft's productivity software took a new path with the launching of

Office 365 in 2011. Word, PowerPoint, and Excel had become accessible as
components of the subscription service for the first time. The frequent
upgrades were a key selling point since Office programs were only updated
once every several years previously.

Office 365 was declared the most popular corporate cloud service less than
5 years after its introduction. It has now been renamed Microsoft 365, but the
basic service that many users have grown to depend on remains the same.
This includes One Drive, Outlook, and Microsoft Teams, which are included
with business-focused subscriptions. Despite its popularity, Microsoft
continues to offer separate versions of all of its strong Office applications
every few years. These are simply referred to as 'Office' accompanied by the
year of its release, with a 2021 version just announced recently. All you
wish to know about the different versions of MS excel is right here.
3.1 Brief Review 0f Previous Versions of Excel
In 1985, the spreadsheet application was released solely for Macintosh, with
a Microsoft version coming in 1987. Excel has gone through a lot of changes
over the years to become the sophisticated spreadsheet program that we have
today and love. A brief introduction about versions of MS excel except for
the latest one (which we will discuss late in this chapter) below summarizes
all of the many aspects of different versions of Excel, beginning with the first
version in 1985 and ending with the most recent version in 2021. So here we
are, with the release of the many versions of Microsoft Excel for Windows,
which you may come across.

Version 1: Released in 1985. This version of Excel was initially

offered solely for Macintosh computers. Many Excel users are
unaware of this, and it may seem weird. Microsoft had previously
attempted to produce a spreadsheet application called Multiplan in
1982, but it was unsuccessful. Until 2016, Excel versions for
various operating systems were known by distinct names.
Excel 2: Released in 1987. To correlate to the Mac version, the
initial MS Excel edition for Windows was designated "2." It was a
port of the Mac "Excel 2" and contained a run-time
version for Windows.
Excel 3: Released in 1990. Toolbars, outlining, drawing
capabilities, 3D charts, add-in support, and many more additional
innovations and features were included in this next edition.
Excel 4: Released in 1992. Version 4 was the first “famous”
version of Excel. Many usability enhancements were
implemented, including AutoFill, which was originally offered in
this version.
Excel 5: Released in 1993. Excel 5 was a significant update. It had
multi-worksheet workbooks as well as Macros AND
VBA support. Excel became more susceptible to macro virus
assaults as a result of these new features, which REMAINED to be
a concern until the 2007 edition.
Excel 95: Released in 1995. It was the first main 32-bit version of
Excel, and it was known as Excel 95. Excel 5 featured a 32-bit
version as well, although it was not extensively utilized owing to
distribution issues. Excel 95 is pretty comparable to Excel 5 in
terms of features. You might also be asking why Excel 6 isn't
available. Beginning with Excel 7, all MS Office apps have been
using the same version number, so the version numbering has been
modified.
Excel 97: Released in 1997. This version included a new VBA
developer interface, data validation, User Forms, and much more.
Do you remember Clippy, the obnoxious Office Assistant? He was
also a member of this version.
Excel 2000: Released in 1999. HTML as a local file format, a
"self-repair" capability, an upgraded clipboard, modeless user
forms and pivot charts are among the new features.
Excel 2002: Released in 2001. This was the first time Excel
was included in Office XP. The vast list of new features didn't
contribute much to the ordinary user's experience. The new
capability that enabled you to restore your work if Excel crashes
were among the most important innovations. This version also
had a helpful feature called product activation technology
(commonly called copy protection), which limits the usage of the
program to one computer at a time. Before determining whether or
not to update, you had to think about the consequences.
Microsoft Office Excel 2003: Released in 2003. Improved XML
support, a new "list range" tool, Smart Tag upgrades, and updated
statistical functions were among the new features in this version.
The majority of consumers did not consider the data upgrade
beneficial.
Microsoft Office Excel 2007: Released in 2007. Excel underwent
significant modifications in this Windows edition. The Ribbon
interface was introduced, as well as a change in the file format
type from .xls to the now-familiar .xlsx and .xlsm. This
modification improved Excel's security (referred to the difficulties
 with macro viruses in previous versions) and allowed for
additional row data storage (over one million). The charting
features have also been considerably enhanced. To the delight of
some and the dismay of others, Clippy was removed from
Microsoft Excel as part of the upgrade.
Microsoft Office Excel 2010: Released in 2010. Sparkline
graphics, an updated Solver, pivot table slicers, and a 64-bit
version were among the new additional features in this MS Excel
version.
Microsoft Excel 2013: Released in 2013. Over 50 new functions
were included in this edition, as well as a single-document
interface suggested pivot tables and charts and additional charting
improvements.
Microsoft Excel 2016: Released in 2016. Despite the fact that
they were separate versions of the program, Excel for Windows
and Mac was known as the same thing after this version came out.
If you had a subscription to Office 365, you get unique Excel
Internet updates that may drastically improve your user
experience. Older versions and those purchased from a store are
consequently at a disadvantage. Histograms (to illustrate the
frequency in data), Power Pivot (which allowed for the input of
greater levels of data and included its own language), and Pareto
charts (to display data trends) were some of the new features in
this edition.
Microsoft Excel 2019: Released in 2019. This version had all of
the capabilities found in previous versions of Excel, as well as
some new ones. The new charts, which provide a unique twist to
data presentation, are one of the most noticeable new additions.
Funnel charts and Map charts are two examples of modern data
presentation charts that make your data seem tidy; they both were
added in this version. In addition, the option of using 3D images in
your workbooks was introduced.

If you have an older version of MS Excel, it will probably work with newer
files if you use the compatibility mode. Keep in mind that previous versions
have many fewer features that are understandable if you've been paying
attention to the changing features in the previous versions. Some of them may
not be functional with the newer operating systems, but it's a good idea to try
out several versions and look at how the same file appears in each.
3.2 All about MS Excel 2021
Microsoft Excel 2021 will have an improved interface, new tools that will
enable users to manage data in Microsoft Excel more flexibly, and other
enhancements, according to Microsoft. In Excel 2021, two brand new
features will be included. The first, known as dynamic arrays, will add to
Excel's data-analytics property. The spreadsheet editor comes with a huge
number of pre-made formulas that may be used to do things like calculating
the average quarterly income for the last two years. In most cases, a formula's
output is condensed into one spreadsheet cell, which might cause formatting
challenges for advanced business calculations with several outputs. To save
time, dynamic arrays arrange findings into different cells automatically.
Excel will also get a feature called XLOOKUP from Microsoft, which allows
users to look for data in a particular spreadsheet row rather than wading
through the whole spreadsheet. This is especially beneficial in complicated
documents with a big number of identical components. A user may, for
example, find the row having the name of a vehicle component and then
utilize the XLOOKUP option to rapidly move to the cell in that same row
showing the component's price.
3.3 Detailed Feature Updates
Excel has made its users happy and contended by introducing all the latest
and most useful tools and features in its software. In the upcoming latest
version of Excel 2021, there are some significant feature updates that people
who frequently use excel would love to read about. If you want to know
about all the new features, then keep going further in this chapter. All the
feature updates that will be included in the brand new version of Excel is
Excel 2021, are discussed below.

1. Automatically Use New Data Types: Excel suggests converting a

data value that matches a geographic location or a stock to the
appropriate associated data type of Stocks or Geography when you
 input it.

Excel Data Types:

Stocks and Geography: Excel may be used to get geographic and

stock data. It's as simple as typing any text into a cell then turning
it into the Geography data or Stocks data type. As they have a link
to an online web data source, these 2 data types are termed linked
data types. This link enables you to get rich, intriguing data that
you may work with and update.

Note: If Excel recognizes what you're typing as a geographic location or

tradable financial instrument, it will suggest a linked data type for you to use
(Stocks or Geography). Only Microsoft 365 customers or those having a free
Microsoft Account may access the Geography or Stocks data types.

Linked data types: It provides you with real-world facts. New

linked data types in Excel deliver you data and facts on hundreds
of topics to help you achieve your objectives.
Creating Data Types: You may use the Advanced Dialog to
manually pick the columns that make up the Data Type you're
making.

2. Unhide Many Sheets at the Same Time: It's no longer necessary

to unhide a single sheet at a time; instead, you may unhide
numerous concealed sheets at the same time. To make a worksheet
invisible, you may hide it. Although the data in hidden worksheets
is hidden, it may still be accessed from other workbooks
or worksheets, and hidden worksheets can be readily unhidden as
required. To un-hide sheets, right-click any visible sheet or the
sheet tab you wish to hide. Choose one of the following options
from the menu that appears:

Select Hide to conceal the sheet.

To reveal hidden sheets, pick them in Unhide dialogue box that
opens, then click OK.
 To choose numerous sheets, perform one of the following:
Hold CTRL while clicking the items to choose them.
Press and then hold SHIFT, then change your selection using the
up or down arrow keys.

3. Integrated Stock Prices: With their new Data Types capability,

Microsoft stated that Excel users would be able to extract real-time
stock price data right into their spreadsheet cells. When predicting
anything, particularly stocks, having access to previous data is
essential. We can design (and share) our own algorithms that
automatically examine thousands of stocks and indicate those we
may wish to invest in using this data accessible to Excel users.
Users will also be able to create their very own strategies
for portfolio and back-test them to determine whether they are
practical to implement. Although such data is currently accessible
via third parties, obtaining it for free and without needing to input
files on a regular basis would be a significant victory for personal
financial enthusiasts.

4. Automate Data Analysis with Excel’s Ideas Feature: Ideas is an

artificial intelligence feature in Excel 2021 that is accessible with
Office 365 subscriptions. Excel can swiftly evaluate your data with
Ideas and give you insights you may not have spotted otherwise.
The 'Ideas' function is Microsoft's most daring effort into the use of
artificial intelligence and machine learning in Excel. At its most
basic level, Excel allows you to highlight a piece of data and have
it analyzed, with proposed visualizations (charts) and comments to
help you understand it. It's a fascinating concept, and the concept
that the systems are always improving depending on the data sent
to them and how the customers utilize the 'ideas' is something to be
excited about. Now, I don't think this technology will ever replace
financial analysts (there's a reason it's named "Ideas" rather than
"Answers"), but you should see it as a way to get a second opinion
on our data or to automate the analysis-creation process. It will be
fascinating to observe how this technology evolves in the next
years, as well as how often Excel users will utilize it.

Ideas might be beneficial in the following scenarios, for example:

Rank data and find objects that are considerably smaller or bigger
as compared to the rest of the population by analyzing
transactions;
Using trend analysis to identify patterns in data that have
developed over time;
Identifying major anomalies in data points, such as fraudulent
transactions or possibly erroneous
Drawing attention to instances where a single element accounts for
a major amount of the entire value.

You may access the 'Ideas' from the main Home tab of the Ribbon
if you have an Office 365 subscription. However, in order to
 utilize this functionality, you should have an internet connection.

5. Simpler Conditional Formulas with IFS, MAXIFS, and

MINIFS: You can write formulas that include numerous tests
more easily than before using IFS, MAXIFS, and MINIFS. Many
Excel users used to “nest” many 'IF' functions in the same
calculation before IFS became available. When you needed to do a
computation based on one or more circumstances, this was a
frequent approach. However, with the development of IFS, such
formulations have been substantially simplified. For example,
observe how just a single IFS function is needed in the formula
written below to run three tests on the data in cell A2. This method
avoids the need for several IF functions, which would have been
necessary previously. MAXIFS and MINIFS, like IFS, allow you
to run many tests on your data. When utilizing MAXIFS, when all
of the tests are passed, Excel will give the highest value. When
utilizing MINIFS, on the other hand, when all of the conditions are
passed, Excel returns the lowest number. Excel 2021 users
will have access to these capabilities. They're also accessible to
Office 365 subscribers who have access to Excel.
6. XLOOKUP – A Better and Easier Alternative to VLOOKUP:
Beginning in February 2020, Microsoft will bring XLOOKUP to
Excel as part of Office 365. VLOOKUP and comparable functions
like HLOOKUP and INDEX are pale in comparison to
XLOOKUP. While Excel will retain these older functionalities,
many people are going to discover XLOOKUP to be much more
easy and intuitive. Most people will discover that XLOOKUP is
significantly more powerful.

The following are some of the key distinctions between other lookup
functions and XLOOKUP:

XLOOKUP uses an exact match by default, while VLOOKUP and

HLOOKUP use an approximate match.
Unlike VLOOKUP and HLOOKUP, you do not need to provide a
row index number or a column index number with XLOOKUP.
 With XLOOKUP, the order of rows and columns is unimportant.
This is because, when used as a replacement for VLOOKUP,
it can look left or right. When used as a replacement for
HLOOKUP, it can also look above or below.
XLOOKUP eliminates the need for an IFERROR function by
allowing you to describe what happened if your search value isn't
found.

VLOOKUP, IFERROR, HLOOKUP and INDEX/MATCH are all

combined into one simplified Excel function with XLOOKUP.
This is the feature that you will all be teaching your children how
to use before their first job interview, and it is one that you will
assure to use on a regular basis within the corporate sector.

7. Dynamic Arrays: Another new feature update that is now only

accessible with a subscription to Office 365 is dynamic arrays.
 You can use dynamic arrays to create one single formula that
affects numerous cells at the same time without having to replicate
the formula to all of them. You also don't need to utilize the CTRL
+ SHIFT + ENTER keyboard sequence to enter a typical array
formula if you're using an Excel version that supports dynamic
arrays. Furthermore, if you're using an Excel version that
has dynamic arrays function, you'll have access to six additional
functions to help you take use of this newfound ability.
FILTER, RANDARRY, SORT, SEQUENCE, UNIQUE and
SORTBY are the six functions.

Illustrating Dynamic Arrays: Let's see how to use the new FILTER
function to provide a basic example of dynamic arrays. The FILTER
function, as its name suggests, may be used to filter data in a range or table
using a formula. The syntax is straightforward, as demonstrated below.
=FILTER (array (range or table), include (a Boolean array for which items to
include))
The basic FILTER example presented should demonstrate the value of
dynamic arrays: they let you evaluate data using formulas, and the formula
outputs are related to the raw data set but do not disrupt it. As a result, instead
of copying the data numerous times, you may do several sorts of analyses on
the very same underlying data set. Do you recall wanting to create a
complicated formula, looking for it on the web, and then copying and pasting
it into your worksheet with the instructions to type ctrl+shift+enter after that?
Who wonders why you had to do that, but it worked like a charm! That
formula you came upon was the formula of an Array. Curly brackets around
these formulas (auto-inserted with ctrl+shift+enter) were required to notify
Excel what to assume since they produce various responses.
Microsoft unveiled a new set of functions in early 2019 that has radically
changed the way we create complicated calculations as users. These new
Dynamic Array functions have reduced the complex/lengthy formulas of the
past into easy, dynamic functions that everyone can use.....and the greatest
thing is that you no longer need to utilize the ctrl+shift+enter keyboard
sequence! UNIQUE was one of the initial capabilities included in Microsoft's
initial suite. Simply give unique a range of cells, and it will return each and
every one of the unique values it discovers in individual cells (eliminating
duplicate values). Even further, if your set of values expands or contracts
over time, the list provided by the UNIQUE formula will update accordingly.

8. Analyze the Quality of Your Data with Power Query:

Power Query: Power Query is a data cleansing automation tool that is now
immediately included in Excel's Get & Transform Data group on the Data
tab. You can link to tables or data sources inside Excel files and then
construct clean-up rules with a single push of a button. You may opt to create
these rules and generate them using menus/forms in the order you want them
to happen. Splitting first and last names into distinct columns, conducting
calculations, eliminating blank rows, etc., are just a few examples. Once
you've generated all of your rules, you may save them and repeat them
anytime you like. The progress of Power Query, which debuted with Excel
2010's release, has been nothing short of astounding. You may use this tool to
import data into Excel from a variety of external sources of data, including
the databases that support the majority of accounting software. More
significantly, you can utilize Power Query to modify your data such that it
becomes more helpful to you. These changes might involve, among other
things, removing unnecessary data columns, combining columns, filtering
and sorting, and adding user-defined calculations as part of the query. Power
Query's ability to automatically examine your data for quality concerns like
completeness and correctness is a recent development. You can immediately
identify possible issue areas using this functionality, such as incorrect data,
missing entries, and even duplicated entries. Check the Column distribution,
Column quality, and Column profile boxes on the Power Query Editor's view
tab to make use of this feature. Moreover, clicking on any specific column in
the query displays a more thorough view of data, which includes a value
distribution graph and statistics for that specific column. Microsoft seems to
go all-in about what they term its "Power" programs in the latter half of the
last decade. These are mostly cloud-based programs that can simply import
data from other sources (such as databases or webpages) and run automated
procedures to produce a clean final product. Take survey findings, combine
them with data of sales, and compile them into a monthly display that your
Sales VPs may access on their mobile devices. These Power Applications are
all about the capacity to channel in all kinds of data from apps and automate
the joining and cleansing and of that data. This is certainly a talent that
organizations will be searching for in the coming years, and Excel users can
hop right in and acquire quite quickly with a little effort. Power Query, as
well as Power BI, are the 2 major functions of excel that you should be
focusing on. There's a lot of demand for people with these skill sets right
now.
Power BI: Power BI (Business Intelligence) is a specialized dashboard-
building tool. It makes it simple to link to third-party sources of data like
Google Analytics, Salesforce, and social media to get real-time data. From
there, you can use a variety of dashboard modules (such as slicers and charts)
to create any kind of final dashboard you can imagine. After that, you can
simply share your newly generated dashboard with your whole organization,
with all of your information security settings in place (if anyone only
has access to a single subset of the database and they can only view that
subset present in the dashboard).

9. The Dark Mode Addition which make Things Simpler

Dark mode users claim that it improves the clarity between the text you're
reading and the surrounding environment. This should potentially make
computer reading simpler. Medium grey and Black are the default themes of
Microsoft Office. By choosing a dark theme, you may alter the look of Office
products like Microsoft Word, Excel, PowerPoint and Outlook. The dark
option would be much better, making everything considerably darker and
easier on the eyes. The dark backdrop may make late-night editing and
writing much easier. Microsoft Word's dark option currently just darkens the
document's borders, leaving the remainder bright white. You will be capable
to darken the whole paper in a future release.
3.4 Overall Benefits of Using MS Excel 2021
MS Excel is extensively used for a variety of reasons, including the ease with
which data can be information can be inserted and withdrawn and saved with
no effort. A few fundamental and essential advantages of using
Microsoft Excel 2021 are listed below:

Easy To Recover Data: Finding information written on a paper

might take longer, but that isn't the situation with excel
spreadsheets. It's simple to locate and retrieve data.
Mathematical Formulas application: With the formulas feature
in MS Excel, doing mathematical calculations has become simpler
and less time-consuming.
Easy To Save Data: MS Excel is extensively used to save and
analyses data since there is no restriction to the quantity of data
that can be recorded in a spreadsheet. Filtering data in Excel is
simple and straightforward.
More Secure: These spreadsheets are password protected on a
laptop or desktop computer, and the risk of losing them is far
lower than data stored in registers or on paper.
Clearer and Neater and Visibility of data: Analyzing data gets
simpler when it is recorded in tabular form. As a result,
information is more understandable and readable in a spreadsheet.
All Data at One Place: When the documentation was completed,
data was previously held in various files and registers. More than
one worksheet may now be added to a single MS Excel file,
making this more practical.

Excel allows users to analyze, organize, and evaluate quantitative results,

enabling senior staff and managers to make key choices that might affect the
firm with the knowledge they need. Employees that are taught in advanced
Excel functions will be able to present their data more effectively to senior
management. It's also a necessary talent for individuals who want to work
their way to the top. Employers and Employees can benefit from superior
Excel knowledge. Let's take a closer look at the benefits of Excel when it is
a part of the company's regular staff training.
3.5 Advantages of Excel 2021 for Employees
Advanced Excel training may help your employees in a variety of ways, from
improving their value to learning new tools to boost their job performance.
Sharpening Your Skill Set: To progress in your profession, you must
continue to study and polish your skills. Appropriate training of Excel
focuses on a variety of important abilities that may be used and appreciated in
practically every job role. You should be able to:

Visualize, modify, and analyses data after training.

Develop equations that will enable you to deliver additional
information on critical corporate activities, including workflow,
financial estimates, project efficiency, and inventory levels and
utilization as well as budgets,
Create an easy-to-understand data collection that higher
management may utilize to assess current initiatives or conditions
in the firm.
Create spreadsheets that better organize data and provide a clearer
view of what's being entered.
Read and understand data and spreadsheets from other
departments, suppliers, and customers.
The ability to evaluate data at a higher level allows you to provide
solutions to business challenges.
Organize, balance, and maintain complicated inventory and
financial accounts.
Set up tracking systems for various departments and activities, as
 well as distinct workflow processes.
Comprehensive MS Excel training will supply organizations with
higher-skilled personnel as well as tools to assist workers in
operating more efficiently in their existing roles and preparing
them for advancement to higher-level roles.

Improving Your Productivity and Efficiency: When dealing with big

volumes of data and computations, Excel is a critical tool for increasing
productivity and helping employees to be more efficient. When you have a
deeper understanding of Excel, you will be able to utilize its more complex
capabilities, which will help you to finish jobs and analyses data more
rapidly. It will also enable you to keep your team members informed about
data, which will help to speed up the workflow process. Even better,
mastering advanced Excel can help you improve the efficiency of your
computations. Calculations that have to be repeated take time, particularly
when you have to check your work twice. You may make more complex
computations using advanced Excel features. Once you've typed your
formula and entered your set instructions, the software will do the
calculations for you, saving up a lot of time for other chores and guaranteeing
that you get correct results the first time.
Making Yourself a More Valuable Member of the Company: Being a
valued employee not only ensures your job stability but also allows you to
grow your career. Being more efficient, more educated, and knowledgeable
in your work tasks can help you become more valuable to the firm. That is
what advanced Excel training can deliver. To prevent being replaced by
fresher employees with a more developed skillset, employees should
continuously look for methods to boost their benefits to the company. To put
yourself up for better security and development, you must learn and master
new skills.
Making You Better at Organizing Data: Spreadsheets are a popular tool
for gathering and organizing data. MS Excel is in its most basic form. It
enables you to meticulously arrange all of the data while also allowing you to
arrange the information in whatever manner you like. Data in its raw form
may be overwhelming and difficult to understand. With Excel's amazing
features, you'll be able to better organize your data, do computations as
needed, and sort the data so that it can be properly examined and transferred
to charts or graphs for easier viewing.
It Can Make Your Job Easier: The more familiar you are with Excel, the
faster you will be able to manage the system. Microsoft Excel has a number
of shortcuts that may help you work quicker and even discover more complex
Excel tactics that you may use throughout the full Microsoft Office suite.
You'll also be able to utilize the information in your Excel spreadsheet in a
number of tools, decreasing the need to re-enter data and improving the
efficiency of your workflow. The simpler your job is to do, the more prepared
you are to do it and more probably you are to love it.
3.6 Advantages of Advanced Excel for Employers
Advanced Excel knowledge and expertise may bring several advantages for
both your staff and your company.

It boosts your company's productivity by increasing efficiency.

It enables you to make better use of the assets you've already
acquired, such as software applications.
It enables you to increase employee understanding with little cost
and effort.
It relieves your IT support team of stress, allowing them to
concentrate on more productive activities like system updates,
security maintenance, and hardware installation and maintenance.
Chapter 4: Creating Workbook Using MS Excel
2021

Excel makes number crunching simple. With AutoFill in Excel, you can
speed up data entering. Then, depending on your data, receive chart
suggestions and generate them with a single click. With data bars, icons, and
color-coding, you can immediately discover trends and patterns.
After you've mastered Excel's fundamental menus and capabilities, it's time
to fill up a spreadsheet with data and observe how Excel handles it. When
you hear the word "spreadsheet" in relation to Excel, you most often imagine
an Excel file. Microsoft, on the other hand, distinguishes between workbooks
and worksheets. You'll have to know the distinction between the two
characteristics as you deal with several Excel files.
4.1 Worksheets vs. Workbooks
It may seem like a minor distinction, but knowing the differences between a
workbook and a worksheet in Excel is critical when dealing with
formulas and connected files. A new workbook is created when you a new
Excel file. An Excel file is referred to as a workbook.
Excel automatically adds a new sheet once you create a workbook. The name
of that sheet may be seen in the bottom-left corner of the current workbook
window. The worksheet's default name is "Sheet1," that you can see in the
lower right corner. Within a single workbook, Excel enables you to create
many worksheets. Each page in the workbook may be used to hold data
categorized by type. Each sheet may relate to other sheets in the workbook.
For example, a workbook called "Customer Orders" may include two pages.
Customer shipping information is on one page, while order information is on
the other. To identify the address to distribute the product, a worksheet
having customer orders might relate to the worksheet having customer
shipping data. Keep an eye out for the "+" symbol next to the already opened
sheet at the bottom of the workbook window. When you click it, a new sheet
with the next number is produced. "Sheet1" is the default name for the first
sheet. The following sheet name is "Sheet2" when you add a new sheet. Even
if you use the default names for your worksheets, each worksheet in
the workbook must have its own name.
4.2 Create a Workbook
A workbook is a document that includes one or many more worksheets to aid
with data organization. A template or an empty workbook or may be used to
start a new workbook. In Excel, you may quickly create a new workbook.
The workbook is in the default file type, similar to how in Word. Multiple
worksheets may be found in a workbook, where information is processed and
stored in columns and rows.
A startup screen shows when you first launch Excel. From the template list
on the right of the screen, you may make a new workbook from this launch
page. If you already have a worksheet open, the “File” tab on the Ribbon will
take you to a similar screen. Then, on the left of the backstage view, pick the
"New" command. Then, on the right of the backstage view, a list of templates
emerges. Then, by picking the selected template, you may create a brand new
workbook from any of the many accessible templates. In Excel, choose the
template option of “Blank workbook” in the right-hand corner to start a new
blank workbook. Entering Data in a Worksheet: After you've set up your
worksheet, you can start filling in the cells. Excel provides a variety of
formatting options for inputting data and dealing with alphanumeric values
rather than numbers and computations.

Start Excel.
Press Ctrl+N or choose Blank workbook.
Begin typing.
Input data
Select an unfilled cell, like A1, and input number or text to
manually input data.
To proceed to the next cell, press Enter or Tab.
To complete a sequence of data:
In two cells, write the start of the series, such as January and
 February, or any other.
Move the fill slider down or across the cells to choose the two
cells that contain the series.

The Three Types of Data: Text, formula and value are the three forms of
data. This is the kind of information you put into cells. If Excel recognizes
the item as a formula, the formula will be calculated, and the result will be
shown in the cell. When the cell is active, you can view the formula in the
Formula Bar. If Excel discovers that it isn't a formula, it determines if it is
text or value. The entries of 'text' are placed on the cell's left side. On
the Right-hand side, 'values' are aligned. This information is necessary so that
you can ensure that you are entering data properly and that Excel recognizes
your input as the right data type.

1. Text Data type: Text entries are just pieces of information that
Excel can't recognize as a formula or a value. The majority of the
text items are labeled. Column and row labels are the titles of the
columns and rows. If Excel is identifying your data as text, the text
will always be positioned to the cell's left side.
2. Values: Values are the fundamental components of any
formulas your input. Values are the numbers that represent
amounts as well as dates. The cell's values are positioned to the
right side. Excel will assume that the values you provide as
formula are values if it can't solve them.

Adding Values: Now, let us see how you can enter values in the MS Excel
worksheet.

Negative values. If you want to insert a negative value, precede it

with a minus (-) symbol. If you wish, you can also use
parentheses. If you use parentheses, Excel will transform it to a
negative value.
Dollar amounts. You can add commas and dollar signs if you are
writing a value that is a dollar amount, exactly as you would if you
were putting it by hand.
 Decimal points. You can use the period key if you wish to put a
decimal point on your keyboard.
Fractions. There's no need to panic if you need to transform a
fraction to a decimal since Excel can do it for you. Simply use the
slash key present on the keyboard to enter the fraction. Before
entering the fraction, be sure to leave a gap after any whole
numbers.

3. Formulas: A formula in Excel is just an expression that conducts

a calculation. It might be as easy as 5 + 2 or more complicated.
You can do calculations in a single cell and in a range of
cells, depending upon the elements in 2 different cells, or also in a
range of cells over many spreadsheets. A chosen group or block
of cells is referred to as a range of cells. Don't worry if this is all a
little unclear right now. It will be crystal clear when you will
further go through this chapter. For the time being, remember that
every calculation you put into Excel must begin with an equals
to sign (=). This may seem unusual at first since an equals sign
normally appears at the conclusion of an expression, but it informs
Excel that you wish to do a calculation right away. So you always
begin with an equals to sign in Excel when you wish to add a
formula.

Create a workbook from a template: If you don’t want to create a blank

workbook at the beginning, you can also start your workbook with a number
of templates that Excel offers to their users, and it is very simple to use a
template. To start with it,

Click on File and then on the New option.

A number of templates would appear on your window.
Click twice on a template that you want to start with.
After Clicking, that template would be open and just start typing.

4.3 Save Your Workbook to One-Drive in Excel

Save a worksheet to One-Drive so that you may access it from several
devices and interact with others.

Choose File and then Save As from the File menu.

Choose whether you want it for school or work.
Choose a name for One-Drive, and for Personal files, select One-
drive personal.
Choose Save after entering a file name.
It's possible that you'll need to log in to your MS account.

4.4 Add or Remove a Worksheet

In Microsoft Excel it is very easy to add, delete and rename spreadsheets in
your workbook file.
Add a worksheet:

Choose the sum icon which means add (+) below on the screen
displayed.

Or,

You can click on the Home tab, then go on Insert and then choose
the option of Add Sheet.

Renaming the worksheet:

Click twice on the name of the sheet and easily change the name.

Or,

You can click on the tab labeled as Sheet with the right-click and
then go to Rename option and write a new one.
Remove a worksheet:

You can right-click on the Sheet tab and then select Delete.
Or,

Choose the sheet, and then go to the Home tab and select
the Delete option and click on Delete Sheet.

4.5 Change the location or Copy Worksheets or Worksheet

Data
To arrange your workbook precisely as you want it, you can change the place
of your worksheet or duplicate worksheets within the same workbook. To
transfer or copy whole worksheets to other places in the same or other
workbooks, just use the Move or Copy Sheet function. Use the Cut and Copy
commands. To relocate or transfer a section of the data to another worksheet
or workbook
Move a worksheet within a workbook: Choose the worksheet tab and drag
it to the desired location. Before transferring a sheet to some other workbook,
double-check any formulas or charts that relate to data on the sheet since
changing the sheet might result in data mistakes or undesired effects.
Similarly, if you shift a sheet with 3-D references, the algorithm may include
or exclude data from the sheet.
Copy a worksheet in the same workbook

Hold CTRL and slide the tab of the worksheet to the desired spot.

Or,

Right-click on the worksheet tab and choose Move or Copy.

Choose and make a copy checkbox.
Below the before sheet, choose where you want the copy to go.
Click OK.

4.6 Analyze and Format In Excel

Automatically fill the column with Flash Fill: Fill the First Name column
with data from a Full Name column, for example.
 Type Molly in the field under the First Name and hit Enter.
Type the first several letters of Garret in the following cell.
Press Return when the range of recommended values shows.
To see additional possibilities, go to Flash Fill Options.
Quickly calculate with AutoSum:

Go to the cell underneath the numbers you wish to add and select
it.
Choose the Home tab and then AutoSum from the drop-down
menu.
Hit the Enter key.

Tip: To add additional calculations, click the down arrow beside

the AutoSum and choose one.

In the status bar, you may also pick a range of values to display
typical calculations.
Create a chart: Select the appropriate chart for your data using the Quick
Analysis tool.

Choose the information you wish to display in a chart.

Go to the below and right of the chosen cells and click the Quick
Analysis button.
Choose Charts from the drop-down menu, then scroll over the
selections to choose the chart you like.
Use conditional formatting: To highlight essential data or display data
patterns, use Quick Analysis.

Choose the data you want to format conditionally.

Go to the below and right of the chosen cells and click the Quick
Analysis button.
 Scroll over the choices under Formatting and choose the one you
like.

Freeze the top row of headings: Only the data moves while the
uppermost row of column heads is frozen.

When you're finished modifying a cell, press Enter or Esc.

Choose the View tab and then go to the Freeze Panes. Select
the Freeze Top Row option from the View menu.

Create a drop-down list: Drop-down menus in cells may help individuals

work more effectively in workbooks. People may choose an object from a list
you build using drop-down menus. Type the items you wish to show in your
drop-down menu list in a new spreadsheet. Your list elements should ideally
be organized in an MS Excel table. If you don't, you may easily convert your
prepared list into a table by using Ctrl+T on any of the cells in the range.

In the worksheet, choose the cell where you'd like the drop-down
list to appear.
Select Data Validation from the Data tab on the Ribbon.
Click List in the Allow box on the Settings tab.
Select the listed range by clicking in the Source box.
Checkmark the Ignore blank box if it's okay for users to leave the
cell empty.
Select In-cell from the dropdown box.
Go to the tab of Input Message.

Note: Check the 'Show input message when a cell is the selected box and
write a message and title in the boxes (almost 225 characters) if you desire a
message to appear when the cell is clicked. Uncheck the check box if you
don't need a message to appear.

Go to the tab of Error Alert.

Note: To have a message appear when someone types anything that isn't on
your list, select the Show error warning when invalid data is entered in
the box, choose a style from the Style box, and create a title and message.
Uncheck the check box if you don't like a message to appear.

Click Warning or Information to display a notice that does not

prevent individuals from putting data that isn't in the drop-down
list.
Click Stop to prevent users from putting data that isn't in the drop-
down list.

Note: if you don't add a text or title, the title and message will default to
"Microsoft Excel" and "The value you inserted is not acceptable. A user has
limited values that may be input into this field."

Make sure your drop-down list goes the way you want it to once
you've finished creating it. Check to see whether you can change
the row height and column width to display all of your entries.
Consider concealing and safeguarding that worksheet if the list of
items for your drop-down menu list is on any other worksheet and
you don't want people to view it or make changes to it. Check
Lock cells to secure them for further information on how to
safeguard a worksheet.
See 'Add or delete things from the drop-down list if you wish to
update the choices in your drop-down menu.
Visit 'Remove a drop-down list' for instructions if you want to
delete your drop-down list.

4.7 Print a Workbook or Worksheet

You may easily print whole or partial workbooks and worksheets one by one
or in batches. You can also print simply the Excel table if that data you wish
to publish is in an MS Excel table. Instead of printing to a printer, you may
save a workbook as a file. This is important if you wish to get a print of your
workbook on a printer that isn't the same as that you were using before. When
you print something in Excel, keep in mind that there are a variety of choices
for getting the best print results.
Note: Certain formatting, like cell shading or colorful text, may seem fine on
the computer but may not appear as expected when printed in white and
black. You could also wish to get a print of the spreadsheet with gridlines to
make the data, columns or rows stand out more clearly.
For Windows: You may print one or more worksheets.

Choose which worksheets you wish to print.

Select File and then Print from the menu bar or you can hit
CTRL+P on your keyboard.
Select the Print option right away or make any necessary
adjustments to the settings before pressing the Print option.

Print One as well as Several Workbooks: You must keep your all Excel
files in one folder if you wish to print them.

Select File and then open from the File menu.

Press CTRL and click the title of every single workbook you want
to print, then press Print option.

Print a Part or a Complete Worksheet:

Select the spreadsheet and then choose the set of data you like to
print.
Select File, then Print from the drop-down menu.
Below Settings, Select the appropriate option, then drag the arrow
beside Print All Active Sheets option.
Select Print option.

Note: It is important to see If Sheet has print regions defined, Excel will
only print those print regions.
Print table using MS Excel: To make the table active, tap a cell within it.
 Select File, then Print from the drop-down menu.
Select 'Print Selected Table' from the arrow beside the Print All
Active Sheets option in the Settings menu.
Select Print option.

Print the Excel Workbook to the File:

Press Ctrl+P, or select File, and print.

Press 'Print to File' from the Printer menu.
Select Print.
Click OK after entering a file name in 'Save the Print Output' as a
dialogue box. The file now will be stored in the Documents folder
of your computer.
The font spacing and page breaks may vary if you have printed the
saved document on another printer.

For Web:
Get a Print of the Worksheet: Utilize the Print instruction in MS Excel for
web rather than the Print command in your browser to print your worksheet
for the best results. You have the option of printing the complete worksheet
or only some cells that are needed to print. Select the cells you wish to print if
you'd like to get a print of a group of cells. Don't choose anything if you want
to print the complete worksheet.

Select the File tab and then Print from the File menu.
Before hitting Print, switch to Complete Workbook if you picked
the desired cells and want to get a print of complete worksheet.

Transform the Selected Area of Print: You have the option of printing a
specific section or the complete worksheet in MS Excel. If you choose a
specific area for your print and later decide to modify it, here are the steps
that you can use to see how your changes will look:
 Choose the number of cells you wish to print by clicking and
dragging on the worksheet.
Select the File tab and then Print from the File menu.
Click 'Current Selection' in the displayed Options to print just the
desired region.
Click Print if the preview of the print displays what you wish to
get printed.
Close the preview of print by pressing the X, then repeat the
same steps that you have followed earlier to modify the print
choices.
Select the File tab and then print the full worksheet. Ensure that
the Complete Sheet is chosen and then click Print.
You can choose additional print settings if you are having the MS
Excel desktop program. Select numerous print regions on a
spreadsheet by clicking Open in Excel.

Get a print of the Worksheet That Has Concealed Columns and Rows:
When you get a print of spreadsheet with concealed columns or rows in Excel
for the web, the hidden rows and columns are not printed. As if you wish to
get a print of the worksheet with the concealed columns and rows, you must
first unhide them. The absent header titles indicate whether columns or rows
are concealed. Here's how to reveal columns or rows:

Choose the number of headers that will surround the concealed

columns or rows. To unhide rows 3 and 6, select each row headers
from 2 to 7, for example.
Select Unhide Rows from the menu when right-clicking the
selection (pick Unhide Columns, for columns).
Select the File tab and then Print from the File menu.
To get a preview of the print, click Print.
Make sure that the whole Sheet is chosen in the Print Options box,
 then click Print.
The row or column labels do not appear in the print preview or
printing.

Get a Print of a workbook: You can just print the worksheet if your
MS Excel only includes one spreadsheet. If your workbook includes
numerous worksheets, you'll have to go through each one by clicking the tab
labeled as sheet and that’s how you will print it. Are you unsure whether
the workbook contains any concealed worksheets? You can check by
following these steps:

Right-click on any of the sheet tabs.

The workbook contains one or maybe more concealed worksheets
if the Unhide option is present. To reveal the worksheets, click
Unhide.
When you reveal a worksheet by un-hiding it, the worksheet's tab
becomes visible. Print the worksheet by selecting the tab of sheet.

Get a Print of a table: You may wish to print just a portion of the worksheet,
such as a table. If the table has fewer than ten thousand cells, you will be able
to do it in MS Excel. You must use the MS Excel desktop app for
spreadsheets with more than ten thousand cells. To print a table, select the
very first cell in the table and slide to the final cell to pick all of the cells in
the table. If the table contains a number of columns, rather than scrolling, tap
on the 1st cell, hold down the shift button then click the final cell.

To print, go to the File tab and then print.

If Current Selection isn't already chosen, pick it then click Print
option.
Click Print if you want the preview of the print. If not, then close
the display and do all the necessary modifications.
Get a Print of the page numbers present on the worksheet: Excel for the
web does not allow you to view, input, or print page numbers. If you are
having the MS Excel desktop program, you may add the numbers of page to
the worksheet either on the headers (top) or footers (bottom) and get a print.
Open the workbook using the Open option in Excel, then in add the page
numbers in the page layout and print the spreadsheet from Excel. Here's how
to do it:

Select Open in MS Excel and use the Page Numbers tool to add
page numbers to spreadsheets.
Make a print of the worksheet.

4.8 Collaborate in Excel

Others may use your worksheet if they want to.

On the ribbon, choose Share, or go to the File tab and then

select Share.

Note: If you haven't previously saved your file to One Drive, you will be
requested to do so in order to share it.

From the drop-down menu, choose who you wish to share with, or
type an email address or name.
Optionally, type a message and click Send.
Chapter 5: Detailed Features and Functions of
Excel

Microsoft Excel is a widely used Microsoft Office program. It's a spreadsheet

tool for saving and analyzing numerical data. In this chapter, we'll go over the
most significant features of MS Excel, as well as an explanation about how to
use it, its advantages, and other key characteristics. An Excel spreadsheet
may be edited and formatted in a variety of ways. Most of the features of
Microsoft Excel are discussed here.
5.1 Different Tabs on Main Window
Home: Font size, font color, font styles, background
color, formatting choices and styles, alignment, cell insertion and
deletion, and editing choices are all included in the home tab.
Insert: It includes options such as table style and format, inserting
figures and images, adding graphs and sparklines and charts,
equations and symbols and header and footer option.
Page Layout: All Themes, page setup and orientation options are
present under this option.
Formulas: As MS Excel can build tables with a big quantity of
data, you may use this function to add formulas to the table and
receive faster results.
Data: The addition of external data (from the internet), data tools
and filtering options are present under this tab.
Review: In the review category, proofreading (like spell check)
may be done for an MS excel sheet, and a reader may submit
comments in this section.
View: This is where we can change the views in which the
spreadsheet is shown. This category contains options for zooming
in and out as well as pane arrangement.
5.2 Basics Features
Following are some very basic and useful features of Microsoft Excel.

Ribbon: The MS Excel ribbon includes the tabs on the top of

its interface, which helps the users to locate all the commands
while using MS Excel.
Workbook: Your Excel file is referred to as a workbook. To start
a new Excel workbook, select Blank workbook when you first
open the program.
Worksheets: A spreadsheet, also referred to as a worksheet, is a
set of cells in which you may store and edit data. Multiple
worksheets may be included in an Excel workbook.
Format Cells: You can modify the look of a number without
affecting the number itself when you format cells in Excel.
Find & Select: You may use the Find and Replace tool in Excel to
rapidly locate and replace specified text. To swiftly select all cells
containing formulas, conditional formatting, comments, data
validation, constants, and so on, utilize Excel's 'Go To' Special
function.
 Templates: Instead of starting from scratch, you may use a
template to construct an Excel workbook. There are a variety of
free templates ready to be utilized.
Data Validation: In Excel, perform data validation to ensure that
users input specific values into cells.
Print: By using the print option in Excel, you may print any
workbook or worksheet.
Share: Excel data may be shared with Microsoft word files and
other documents.
Protect: Create a password-protected Excel file that needs a
password to open.
Range: In Excel, a range is a grouping of 2 or more cells.
Formulas and Functions: A formula is a mathematical
expression that calculates a cell's value. Functions are pre-
programmed formulas that are already present in Excel.

5.3 Data Analysis Tools

Following are some powerful and useful features that Microsoft Excel offers
to analyze your data.

Sort: Your Excel data may be sorted by one column or many

columns. You have the option of sorting in either descending or
ascending order.
Filter: If you only want to see records that fulfill particular
criteria, filter your Excel data.
Conditional Formatting: In Excel, conditional formatting allows
you to mark cells with a certain color based on their value.
Charts: One simple MS-Excel chart may convey a lot more
information than a page of statistics. Making charts is very simple
and easy.
Pivot tables: One of MS Excel's most useful features is pivot
 tables. You may use a pivot table to extract the information from a
huge, complex data collection.
Tables: Tables in Excel enable you to rapidly and simply assess
your data.
What-If Analysis: This Analysis in MS Excel enables you to
experiment with various formula values.
Solver: Excel contains a solver tool that uses operations research
approaches to identify optimum solutions to a variety of decision
issues.
Analysis ToolPak: This analysis tool s an Excel add-in product
that offers financial, engineering data, statistical data analysis
capabilities.

5.4 Visual Basic for Applications

Microsoft Excel’s VBA (Visual Basic for Applications) refers to the name of
Excel’s programming language.

Develop a Macro: Excel VBA allows you to automate processes

in Excel by creating macros.
MsgBox: In Excel VBA, the MsgBox refers to a dialogue box that
you may utilize to educate your program's users.
Worksheet and Workbook Objects: An object in Excel VBA
may include another object, which can include another object, and
so on. In other words, dealing with this object hierarchy is a part of
Excel VBA programming. This may seem confusing at first,
but everything is explained further in this chapter. Excel is the
most important of all objects. It's referred to as the Application
object. Other items are contained inside the application object. The
Workbook object, for example (Excel file). This may be any
worksheet that you've made. Other objects, like the Worksheet
object, are contained inside the Workbook object. Some Other
objects, like the Range object, are contained inside the Worksheet
object.
 Range Object: This object is the most significant object in Excel
VBA because it represents a cell (or the cells) on your worksheet.
Variables: Declaring a variable is the process of informing Excel
VBA that you are utilizing a variable. Simply put, initializing a
variable involves giving it a starting (initial) value.

There are different variables in Excel to execute different tasks,

Integer variables, for example, are used to hold whole integers.

Text is stored in string variables.
A Double variable is more exact than an Integer variable, and it
can also hold numbers just after a comma.
Hold a figure True or False in a Boolean variable.
If-Then Statement: In Excel VBA, utilize the If-Then statement
to run code lines if a condition is fulfilled.
Loop: Among the most effective programming methods is
looping. With only a few lines of code, you can loop across a
number of cells in Excel VBA.
Macro Problems and Debugging: The debugging function in
Excel may be used to rectify macro errors.
String Manipulation: Using different Excel VBA procedures,
manipulate strings.
Date and Time: Excel VBA allows you to input the date, time,
and year.
Events: This feature refers to user-initiated activities that cause
Excel VBA to run code.
Array: It is a collection of variables. You may use the array index
number and name to refer to a particular variable (element) in an
array in Excel VBA.
Function and Sub: A function in Excel VBA can return a value,
 but a sub cannot.
Application Object: Excel is the parent of all objects. It's referred
to as the Application object. The application object allows you to
access a variety of Excel-related features.15
ActiveX controls: You can develop controls like command
buttons, list boxes, and text boxes, among other things using this
feature
User form: You can make an MS Excel VBA User form and use
it

Some other incredible features that MS excel have included:

Find Duplicates: This is a useful function. In Excel, look for and

highlight duplicate values.
Drop-down List: In Excel, drop-down lists are useful if you want
to ensure that users choose from a list rather than inputting their
own values.
Histogram: Using this function, you may quickly build a
histogram in Excel.
Regression: Using this function, you can perform a linear
regression analysis in MS Excel and evaluate the results.
Percent Change: In Excel, the percent change function is often
used. To compute a Monthly Change and Total Change, for
example.
Pareto chart: IT is a combination of a line graph and column
chart. According to the Pareto principle, around 80% of the
outcomes arise from 20% of the causes for many events.
Loan Amortization Plan: You may build a loan amortization
schedule in Excel using this tool.
Random Numbers: When it comes to producing random
numbers, Excel includes two extremely handy tools, which
are RAND and RANDBETWEEN.
IF function: It is one of Excel's most often utilized functions. It
checks if a condition is fulfilled and returns one figure if true and
another figure if false.
Lock Cells: In Excel, you may lock cells to prevent them from
being altered.
Standard Deviation: use the STDEV.P function in MS Excel to
compute the standard deviation for the total population and the
STDEV.S function in MS Excel to determine the standard
deviation for a sample.
Count Unique Values: Develop an array formula that counts
unique values using this feature.
Gantt chart: Although Gantt is not a chart type in Excel, it is
simple to make a Gantt chart by altering the layered bar chart type.
CountIF: Excel's COUNTIF function counts the cells based on a
single criterion.
Budget: This tool allows you to construct a budget in Excel.
Line Chart: A line chart is a kind of graph that shows patterns
over time. If the horizontal axis has dates, text labels, or a few
number labels, use a line chart.
Transpose: To convert columns to rows or rows to columns in
Excel, just use the 'Paste Special Transpose' option. The
TRANSPOSE feature is also available.
Correlation: To calculate the correlation coefficient among two
variables, you can use Excel's Analysis Toolpak add-in
or CORREL function.
Time Sheet: In Excel, make a basic timesheet calculator
Pie Chart: these charts are used to show how each value (slice)
contributes to a total (pie). One data series is usually used in pie
charts.
Data Tables: Rather than generating many scenarios, you can use
a data table to experiment with alternative formula values rapidly.
A one-variable data table and a two-variable data table may be
created.
T-Test: use Excel to execute a t-Test. The t-Test is often used to
test the null hypothesis that two population's means are equal.
Advanced Filter: In Excel, Apply the advanced filter to only
show records that fulfill a set of complex criteria.
Frequency Distribution: You can quickly construct a frequency
distribution in Excel using pivot tables. You may also make a
histogram using the Analysis Toolpak.
Scatter Plot: To display scientific XY data, utilize a scatter plot
(XY chart). Scatter plots are frequently used to determine if
variables X and Y have a connection.
ANOVA (analysis of variance): in Excel, run a single component
ANOVA (analysis of variance). The Null hypothesis, which refers
that the means of numerous populations are all equal, is tested
using a one-way or single-factor ANOVA.
Compare the Two Columns: In Excel, utilize the IF, MATCH,
and ISERROR functions to compare two columns. You may
choose whether to show duplicates or unique values.
Sumif: Excel's SUMIF function sums cells depending on a single
criterion.
Bar Chart: The horizontal equivalent of a column chart is a bar
chart. If you have huge text labels, use a bar chart.
Concatenate: To concatenate (join) strings, use Excel's
CONCATENATE function. Just use the '&' operator instead of
CONCATENATE if you want.
Freeze Panes: In Excel, if you have a huge table of data, freezing
rows or columns might be handy. While navigating through the
remainder of the worksheet, you may keep columns
or rows displayed.
Weighted Average: In Excel, just use SUM and
SUMPRODUCT to compute a weighted average.
Delete the Blank Rows: You can delete any rows with blank cells
or blank rows.
Sumproduct: Use Excel's strong SUMPRODUCT function to
compute the sum of all the products of related numbers in a
single or maybe more range.
Percentage: Using Excel to calculate percentages is simple. The
term "percentage" simply means "out of 100," thus 72 percent
means "72 out of 100," and 4 percent means "4 out of 100," and so
on.
Contains Particular Text: In Excel, utilize ISNUMBER and
SEARCH to see whether a cell has specific text. Excel does not
have a CONTAINS function.
Pmt: In Excel, the PMT function generates a loan payment based
on fixed installments and a fixed interest rate.
Compute Age: In Excel, utilize the functions DATEDIF and
TODAY to calculate a person's age. There are three parameters to
the DATEDIF function.
Goal Seek: In excel, if you know what formula result you want,
use Goal Seek to identify the value that you have to input,
which generates that formula result.
CAGR: Excel does not have a CAGR feature. To compute the
CAGR (compound annual growth rate) of an investment over a
number of years, just utilize the RRI function in Excel.
If the Cell is Blank: In Excel, check if the cell is blank using the
IF function with an empty string. To get the same outcome,
combine IF and ISBLANK.
AverageIf: Excel's AVERAGEIF function computes the mean of
 cells that fulfill a set of conditions.
Substring: Excel does not have a SUBSTRING function. To
extract substrings in Excel, use the MID, RIGHT,
LEFT, FIND, SUBSTITUTE, LEN, REPT, MAX AND
TRIM functions.
Remove Spaces: In Excel, the TRIM function eliminates leading
spaces, trailing spaces extra spaces, and. To eliminate all non-
breaking spaces or other spaces, use the SUBSTITUTE function.
Move Columns: In Excel, the shift key is used or the Insert Cut
Cells function to move columns. You can also reorder all columns
with a single magic move.
Check Mark: In Excel, press SHIFT + P and choose the
Wingdings 2 font to add a checkmark symbol. In Excel, you can
also create a checkbox.
Comparison Operators: In Excel, compare operators can be used
to see whether two numbers are equal, whether one figure is
greater than another, and so on.
Sparklines: In Excel, sparklines are the graphs that fit into a
single cell. Sparklines are a fantastic way to show patterns.
Divide Cells: Utilize the Text to flash fill, Columns wizard, or
formulae to divide the data of a cell into numerous cells.
Calendar: Construct a calendar in MS Excel with 60 days (2021
calendar, 2023 calendar, etc.).

5.5 Formulas and Functions

Excel's bread and butter are formulas and functions. Almost everything
fascinating and beneficial you'll ever accomplish in a spreadsheet is driven by
them. This chapter presents the fundamental principles you'll need to master
Excel formulas and functions. When working with Excel, the terms "formula"
and "function" are commonly used interchangeably. They are related, yet
they are not identical. A formula is defined as an expression that starts with
the equal symbol (=). In contrast, a function is referred to as a formula with a
unique name and purpose. In most situations, functions are named for the
purpose for which they were created.
Function arguments: To return a result, most functions need inputs. These
are referred to as "arguments." The arguments to a function appear within
parentheses following the function name, separated by commas. Opening and
closing parentheses () are required for all functions.
How to enter a function: Simply start typing if you remember the function's
name. The steps are as follows:

Type the equals symbol (=) and then begin typing. As you write,
Excel will generate a list of matching functions.
Just use arrow keys to choose the specific function you want from
the list (or just continue typing).
To accept a function, press the Tab key. The function will be
completed by Excel.
Enter the required arguments.
To validate the formula, press Enter.

Combining functions together (nesting): Many Excel formulas have many

functions, which may be "nested" within each other. Following are some
basic functions you can use in excel:

1. Date and Time Functions: Microsoft Excel offers many of the

functions to deal with times and dates.

NOW and TODAY: The TODAY function shows the current

date, whereas the NOW function shows the current date and time.
The NOW function technically returns the present-day date and
time, but also you can format it as only time.
DAY, DATE, MONTH and YEAR: You can break down
the date into its basic components using the YEAR, MONTH, and
DAY functions, and then reassemble it using the DATE function.
HOUR, MINUTE, SECOND, and TIME: Excel has a variety of
 time-related parallel functions. You can extract parts of time using
the SECOND, MINUTE, and HOUR Functions, and you may
construct a TIME from separate components using the TIME
function.

2. Engineering Related Function:

CONVERT: The majority of engineering functions are rather technical.

You'll discover a lot of difficult numeric functions in this area. The
CONVERT function, on the other hand, is particularly handy for ordinary
unit conversions. You may use CONVERT to convert units of length, weight,
temperature, and many other things.

3. Information Functions:

ISBLANK, ISNUMBER, ISERROR, and ISFORMULA: ISNUMBER,

ISLOGICAL, ISTEXT, ISBLANK, ISFORMULA and ISERROR, are just a
few of the functions available in Excel for testing the value of a cell. These
functions are also known as "IS" functions because they all return FALSE
or TRUE depending on the contents of a cell. The ISEVEN and
ISODD functions in Excel may be used to determine if a number is even or
odd.

4. Logical Functions: Many complicated calculations use Excel's

logical functions as a foundation. The Boolean variables TRUE
and FALSE are returned by logical functions.

AND, OR, and NOT: The base of logical functions of Excel is

the AND function, the NOT function, and the OR function.
IFERROR and IFNA: The IFERROR and IFNA functions can be
used to capture and handle errors in a direct way. IFERROR
function is used to capture any formula error, while IFNA is used
to only detect a #N/A error.
IF and IFS Functions: In MS Excel, The IF function is
among the most often used functions. To execute more
complicated logical checks, several IF functions may be layered
together.
5. Reference and Lookup Functions:

VLOOKUP and HLOOKUP: Excel has a variety of functions

for looking for and retrieving information. VLOOKUP is the most
well-known of them all. HLOOKUP is similar to VLOOKUP.
However, it demands data be oriented horizontally.
INDEX and MATCH: INDEX and MATCH provide additional
flexibility and power for more intricate lookups. Both the INDEX
and MATCH functions are powerful tools that may be used in a
variety of formulations.
LOOKUP: When tackling specific issues, the LOOKUP function
offers default behavior that makes it beneficial. LOOKUP always
makes an approximate match and assumes data are ordered in
ascending order. When LOOKUP fails to discover a match, it
switches to the next lowest value.
ROW and COLUMN: Column and Row functions can be used to
find column and row numbers on a worksheet. If no reference is
provided, both COLUMN and ROW return the values for the
current cell. Advanced formulas that handle data with comparative
row numbers often use the row function.
ROWS and COLUMNS: The ROWS and COLUMNS functions
count the number of rows and columns in a reference. A number
of data rows in tables, omitting the header row, is returned by
ROWS Function.
HYPERLINK: To create a link using a formula, use the
HYPERLINK function. It's worth noting that HYPERLINK may
be used to create both external and internal linkages.
GETPIVOTDATA: The GETPIVOTDATA function may be
used to get data from already existing pivot tables.
CHOOSE: The CHOOSE function comes in help if you need to
make a decision based on a set of numbers.
TRANSPOSE: The TRANSPOSE function makes it simple to
 shift data vertical to horizontal and vice versa.
OFFSET: For all types of dynamic ranges, the OFFSET function
comes in handy. It allows you to select a column and row offsets
as well as the ultimate column and row size from a starting point.
As a consequence, the range can react quickly to changing
circumstances and inputs. You may use this range to feed other
functions.
INDIRECT: The INDIRECT function enables you to create text
references. This notion is a little difficult to grasp initially, but it
comes in handy in a variety of scenarios. Each reference has a
different dynamic. The reference gets to be updated if the sheet
name changes. When columns or rows are added or removed, the
INDIRECT function can also be used to "seal" references so that
they do not change.

Other complex functions include:

STATISTICAL Functions
MATH Functions
TEXT Functions
Dynamic Array functions

FORMULAS: A formula in MS Excel is a combined expression of different

functions that returns a specified result.
How to Enter a Formula: To input a formula, follow these steps:

Choose a cell.
Type the equals symbol (=)
Press enter after typing the formula.

How to Modify a Formula: You have three choices for editing a formula:

Select the cell and change the formula in the formula bar.
 Edit the cell directly by double-clicking it.
Select the cell, then press F2, and modify it right away.
When you're finished, hit Enter to confirm your changes,
regardless of which option you choose. Hit the Escape key to
cancel the operation and let the formula unchanged.

Order of Operations: Excel follows an "order of operations" sequence when

solving a calculation. Any arguments in parentheses must first be evaluated.
Excel will then solve exponents if any, which may exist. Excel will conduct
multiplication and division after exponents, followed by addition and
subtraction. Concatenation will occur after ordinary math operations if the
formula requires it. Finally, if logical operators are present, Excel will
evaluate them. So the order goes like
1. Use of parentheses
2. Check exponents
3. Division and Multiplication
4. Subtraction and Addition
5. Undergo concatenation
6. Check logical operators
Convert Formulas to Values: Sometimes, you just want
to eliminate formulas and replace them with values. In Excel, the simplest
method is to simply copy the formula and then paste it using the Paste
Special and then Values. This replaces the values returned by the formulas.
You may paste data using a keyboard shortcut or the Paste option on the
Home tab of the ribbon. Listed below are the most critical and complex Excel
formulas a world-class business analyst or top mathematician should know.

1. INDEX MATCH
INDEX MATCH is a formula that combines two Excel functions: INDEX
and MATCH.
It is a more advanced version of the HLOOKUP and VLOOKUP
formulas (which have some limitations and drawbacks). INDEX-MATCH is
a strong Excel formula combination that can help you improve your financial
modeling and analysis. INDEX is a table function that returns the data that
belongs to the cell depending on the row and column number. MATCH give
back the column or row position of a cell.

2. IF combined with OR / AND

A person who has spent a significant amount of time working with different
sorts of financial models understands how difficult chained formulas of IF
can be. Combining the IF function with the OR the AND function may make
calculations simpler to analyze and clear for other people. You can see how
the combined separate functions produce a more complicated formula in the
example is shown. To produce a result based on two separate integers, you
can use the IF and AND functions in Excel. When doing financial modeling
and developing conditional scenarios, it may be quite beneficial.

3. OFFSET combined with SUM or AVERAGE

This function isn't complicated, but with the other set of functions, when
combined like AVERAGE or SUM, we can produce a quite complex
formula. Consider the following scenario: you wish to construct an advanced
function which can sum a variety of cells. You can only do a single
calculation with the usual SUM formula, but by using OFFSET, cell
reference can be shifted around.
Let’s see how it works:
For making this specific formula work, use the OFFSET function instead of
using the SUM function's ending reference cell. This enables the formula to
be dynamic, and you may let Excel know which successive cells you like to
combine in the cell. You have some complex Excel formulas now. The
OFFSET function belongs to the Excel's Reference and Lookup functions
category. A set of cells will be returned by OFFSET. In other words, it will
produce a defined number of columns and rows from a given range.
Charts and Pivot Tables are often used in financial analysis. To ensure that
the data source is constantly up to date, the OFFSET function may be used to
create a dynamic defined range for charts or pivot tables.

4. XNPV and XIRR

Example of Formula: =XNPV (cash flows, discount rate, dates)

These formulas will come in handy if you work in equity research,
investment banking, FP&A (financial planning & analysis tool), as well as
any other sector of interlinked finance that needs the discounting cash-flows.
Simply said, XIRR and XNPV enable you to assign particular dates to every
discounted cash flow. The standard IRR and NPV formulas in Excel have the
flaw of assuming that the time intervals between cash flows are equal. With
the point of view of an analyst, you'll encounter instances where the cash-
flows aren't evenly spaced on a regular basis, and this is the formula that you
use to correct it.

5. COUNTIF and SUMIF

Conditional functions are used effectively in both of these functions and they
are very advanced formulations. All of the cells which fulfill specified
requirements are added in SUMIF, and all of the cells which match specific
requirements are counted in COUNTIF. For example, suppose you want to
figure out how many bottles of wine you will need for a client event by
counting the entire range of cells which are more than the age of 21 or
currently 21 years of age (the minimum allowed drinking age by the United
States government).

6. IPMT and PMT

Example of Formula: =PMT (# of periods, interest rate, and present value)
You'll need to know these two formulas if you function in real estate,
commercial banking, FP&A, or any other financial analyst role that works
with the loan schedules. The function of PMT calculates the value of making
equal payments throughout the course of a loan's life. You may utilize it in
combination with the function of IPMT (which shows you how much interest
you'll pay on the same sort of loan) and then separate interest and principal
payments.
 7. TRIM and LEN

Example of Formula: ==TRIM (text) and LEN (text)

The information we receive is mostly not in a well-organized, and problems
such as excess spaces on the start or maybe at the cell’s ending line, arises.
The LEN function yields the set of entries in a specified text string, which is
handy when you need to calculate how many figures are in a text.

8. CONCATENATE

It isn't actually a function in and of itself; it's merely a creative technique of

bringing data from separate cells together and making spreadsheets more
dynamic. For business analysts undertaking financial modeling, this is an
extremely effective tool

9. CELL, MID, LEFT, and RIGHT Functions

The complex Excel functions that are mentioned may be used to generate
some really complicated and advanced formulas. The CELL function may
return a range of data about a cell's contents (like its location, name, row,
or column, and much more). The LEFT command returns the data from the
cell's beginning (left side to right side ), the MID function delivers text from
cell's start point (left side to the right), and the RIGHT function provides text
from cell's end (right side to left).
Chapter 6: Guide to Use Excel for Managing
Finance

You've come across the perfect book if you need to learn MS Excel for
finance. Following are the most significant Excel functions for financial
professionals. It is for sure that If you work hard and get through this list,
you'll be well on your way to becoming a perfect financial analyst using MS
Excel.
6.1 Excel Functions Used For Finance
Here are the most significant functions and formulas you should be familiar
with. If you follow this guide, you'll be able to solve any financial issue in
Excel. While each one of these formulas and functions is helpful on its own,
they could also be combined to create even more powerful formulas and
functions.

1. XNPV

Example of Formula: =XNPV (cash-flows, discount-rate, dates)

XNPV has to be the most important Excel formula for financial experts. Any
valuation assessment that aims to figure out how much a firm is worth must
calculate the NPV (Present Net Value) of a range of cash flows. Unlike
Excel's ordinary NPV function, XNPV takes particular dates for the cash
flows into account, making it much more helpful and exact.

2. XIRR

Example of Formula: =XIRR (dates, cash-flows)

Another essential function is the XIRR, which estimates the internal
charges of return for a sequence of cash flows, given particular dates and is
closely connected to XNPV. Because the time intervals among cash flows are
unlikely to be precisely the same, XIRR must be used instead of the
traditional IRR method.
XIRR vs. IRR in MS Excel
Understanding why utilizing XIRR versus IRR in financial modeling and
valuation is crucial. The basic Excel =IRR function might be deceptive
because it implies that all time frames in a sequence of cash-flows are equal.
This is seldom the case, particularly if you have a large upfront commitment,
which nearly never occurs on December 31. XIRR allows you to designate
particular dates to every other individual cash flow, which makes the
calculation considerably more precise.

3. MIRR

Example of Formula: =MIRR (cost of borrowing, cash-flows, reinvestment

rate)
Another noteworthy variance in the internal rate of the return for finance
professionals is this. The M in this formula refers to Modified, and it's
especially handy when funds from one single investment are put in another.
Consider the case when a private company's cash flow is employed in
government bonds. If a high-returning firm generates an 18 percent IRR, but
the cash is reinvested in an 8 percent bond along the way, the overall IRR
will be significantly lower than 18 percent (it will be 15 percent precisely).

4. PMT

Example of Formula: =PMT (number of periods, rate, present value)

For finance experts dealing with real estate’s financial modeling, this is a
relatively frequent Excel function. The formula may be compared to a
calculator of the mortgage payment. You can quickly calculate how much
payments will be given an interest rate, the total amount of the debt (e.g.,
mortgage) and the number of time periods, i.e., years or months, etc.
Remember that the total payment includes both the principal and the interest.

5. IPMT

Example of Formula: = IPMT (current period #, rate, present value, total # of

periods)
IPMT is a program that calculates the interest component of the fixed debt
payment. This Excel function pairs nicely with the PMT function. You may
calculate the principal payments for each period by subtracting the interest
payment in each month and multiplying the difference between PMT and
IMPT.

6. EFFECT

Example of Formula: =EFFECT (# of periods per year, interest rate)

For non-annual compounding, this Excel financial function delivers the
actual annual interest rate. For financial professionals, especially those
concerned with lending or borrowing, this is a critical Excel function.

7. DB

Example of Formula: =DB (salvage value, cost, current period, life/# of

periods)
For accountants and financial experts, this is a fantastic Excel tool. If you
don't want to create a big DB (Declining Balance) depreciation module, use
this formula in Excel to compute your depreciation expenditure in each
period. Analysts generally create a depreciation schedule by hand in financial
modeling.

8. RATE

Example of Formula: =RATE (coupon payment per period, # of periods,

price of bond, typeface value of bond)
The RATE function may be used to determine a security's Return to Maturity.
This is helpful for calculating the average yearly rate of return on a bond
purchase.

9. FV

Example of Formula: =FV (# of periods, rate, starting value, payments, type)

If you wish to know that how much money you'll have in the future based on
a starting amount, a compounding interest rate, and monthly payments, this
function is ideal.
 10. SLOPE

Example of Formula: =SLOPE (independent variable, dependent variable)

When undertaking valuation research and financial modeling, finance
professionals often need to determine the Beta (volatility) of the stock. While
you can get the Beta of a company from Bloomberg or CapIQ, it's usually
preferable to do the study yourself in Excel. Given the returns per
weak for the index and stock, you want to compare it to the slope function in
MS Excel, which makes it simple to compute Beta.
6.2 Why Build a Financial Model?
Building financial plans is part of everyday life for anybody seeking or
furthering a career in investment banking, corporate development, equity
research, financial planning and analysis (FP&A), commercial banking,
and other fields of corporate finance. Financial models are only tools that
assist individuals in making business choices. Whether or not to invest in a
firm, security or asset; whether or not to engage in a finance project; whether
or not to undertake a merger or acquisition (M&A); and to raise money or
not (e.g., perform an IPO) and much more other corporate finance
transactions are all examples of these choices.
The financial model enables decision-makers to run scenarios, examine
possible results, and, ideally, make an educated choice. There is a lot of
discussion regarding software applications that may be employed, but the
reality is that Excel is utilized for the great majority of financial modeling.
6.3 Excel Tips and Tricks
Excel is the most used financial modeling program used by banks,
businesses, and organizations. The key reason for this is Excel's incredible
adaptability. Excel is a blank slate that can be completely modified and suited
to the scenario for any business or investment opportunity. But at the other
hand, there are no checks or regulations in place to verify that the model is
reliable and error-free. For this financial modeling guide, below are some of
the most crucial Excel tips:

Make use of as many shortcuts of a keyboard as you can.

 Make formulas and computations as easy as possible by breaking
them into smaller chunks.
Use the grouping option to structure the financial model's parts.
To easily discover all hardcoded formulas and numbers, use F5 to
(go to special).
Audit the model using Trace Dependents and Trace Precedents.
Apply specified dates to the cash-flows using XNPV and XIRR.
When searching up the information, use INDEX MATCH rather
than VLOOKUP. 8. To make dates dynamic, use a mixture of IF
statements and date functions (EOMONTH) and
When presenting or distributing the financial model, remove the
gridlines.
Learn all of the most significant Excel formulas for financial
modeling and memories them.

6.4 Financial Modeling Best Practices

Analysts that succeed in financial modeling succeed at structuring and
arranging their spreadsheets in addition to having strong Excel abilities. Here
are the top ten recommended practices for model structure:

Color-code inputs and formulas to differentiate them (e.g., black

and blue)
Create a three-statement model on a single worksheet (do not
divide the assertions into separate pages).
Make the drivers and assumptions stand out from the other model
(one of the section on the top)
To easily separate parts, use distinct headings and subheads (with
strong shading).
To express assumptions or calculations that need to be explained,
utilize the cell comments feature (shift + F2).
 Include error checks, such as guaranteeing that the balance sheet
would be balancing (without the need of a "plug").
Bring forward (or repeat) information that aids consumers in
understanding the model's rationale
Unless absolutely required, avoid connecting to other Excel
spreadsheets (and if you have to do so, indicate the links that exist
clearly.)
Only utilize circular references if absolutely essential (and use
the iterative computation to solve them)
To summarize key information, use charts, tables and graphs.

6.5 Building the Forecast

The "art" of financial modeling is primarily concerned with creating
assumptions about the business's future performance. It is the most sensitive
and crucial aspect of a company's value. This guide will cover a variety of
forecasting methods, including:

A top-down approach. You will start from the TAM (Total

addressable market) and work your way down depending on
market segmentation and share such as geography, goods, and
consumers until you reach revenue.
A bottom-up approach. In the situation of an e-commerce firm,
this strategy starts with the most fundamental drivers of the
company, such as then conversion rate, website traffic, order
value, and lastly, revenue.
Regression analysis. This sort of prediction uses regression
analysis in MS Excel to examine the link between the business's
income and other variables such as marketing expenditure and
product pricing.
Year-over-year growth rate. This is the simplest kind of
predicting. Simply use a percentage growth rate year over year
(YoY).
Conclusion

Microsoft Excel is the world's most well-known and widely used spreadsheet
application. This program, which was first released by Microsoft in the
year 1987, has seen several improvements over the years, which makes it the
go-to solution for spreadsheet editing and graphing.
Among other things, there are apps, macro programming pivot tables.
Millions of people use this program on a regular basis on all online browsers,
which includes Android, Windows, iOS and macOS. Excel has been part of
the MS Office suite since 1990, a collection of presentation, document, and
email editing tools that serve a wide range of usage scenarios in a
contemporary collaborative work environment. The latest Excel versions
provide everything you'll need to get started with and progress as an expert,
as well as a slew of additional useful features. Microsoft 2021 brings a lot of
new changes and upgrades, the most prominent of which is the idea that
Excel will be finally available as part of the subscription plan. As a result,
although changes used to happen every few years, you can now expect them
every day. MS Excel recognizes and organizes patterns and data, allowing
you to save time. Create spreadsheets quickly and effortlessly using templates
or from scratch, and then use current features to do computations. You may
exchange documents using Microsoft 365 on Excel. Workbooks may be
shared with others as you work on new versions, and real-time
synchronization allows you to finish tasks quickly. It encompasses both basic
and specialized technologies that may be found in practically every sector.
The Excel spreadsheet allows you to quickly and easily generate, display,
update, and share data with others. When reading and altering excel files
linked to emails, you can create spreadsheets, data tables, data reports, and
budgets. If you get more acquainted with different definitions, you will be
able to understand the most up-to-date features and tools that MS Excel has
to offer. The truth is that Excel's capabilities can help you meet practically
any personal or business need. All you should do is commit your time and
abilities. Although many skills have a long learning curve, with practice and
time, you will notice that some skills become second nature. And anyway, it
is through practice that a man improves. And after all, no other tech
competitor has such optional tools and a consistent experience. As a result,
Microsoft Excel is the greatest tool for you to get your job done quickly.
Microsoft Excel is, without a doubt, a challenging application to grasp and
operate. That's why it is frequently advisable to enlist the help of others in
figuring out how to cope with it efficiently. If you are a student who needs to
know how to utilize Microsoft Excel to finish a school assignment, a
businessperson who wants to expand their experience and learn new skills, or
a person who wants to get a basic knowledge of Excel Spreadsheets for
personal use, this book is appropriate for you. You may get a lot of high-
quality visuals, tips, and techniques by going through this Microsoft Excel
guide. You'll also get a comprehensive overview of all Excel essentials,
allowing you to work with Microsoft Excel more comfortably on a daily
basis. So you should give a chance to this book since it has all of the
important facts.