(a) I have some money. I can buy abook. Can expressesahTirg and gossibilitl.

(b) rve have time and money. We c4r! go to a movie.

(c) Tom is stong. He ccn /r.fl the heavy box.

(d) coRRtlcr: Yuko canspea& English. The simpleform of the main verb follorvs
con. In (d): speaAis the main verb.

( e ) TNCoRRECT:Yuho can to speakEnglish. An infinitive with to does No'r follorv ccz.

In (e): m speahis incorrect.

The mainverb neverhas a final -s.

( f) INcoRREC'r: Yuho can speaksEnglish. In (f): spca&s
is incorrect.

NEC,{TII'E:
(g) Alice cqn not come. cgn + not = catr not oRt cannot
Alice cszzo, come . CO^'TRACTION:
Alice ccz't come. can+not=con't

E EXERCISE l-ORAL: Make sentencesfrom the siven $ords. IJse caz or cart't.

Example:Abird\sing Exanple: Ahorse\sing

Response:A bird can sing. Response:A horsecan't sing.

1. Abird\fly 8. A deafperson\ hear

q
2. Acow\fly A hlin.t nercnn \ cce

3. A child \ drive a car 10. An elephant\ swim

4. An adult\ drivea car 1I . An elephant\ climb trees
5. A newborn baby \ walk 12. A cat\ climbtrees
6. A fish \ breatheair 13. A boat \ float on water
7. A fish\swim 14. A rock \ floaton water

ABILIry '
EXPRESSING 281
I EXERCISE2-ORAL: Make sentencesabout yourself u sing I can or I can't.

Example: speakChinese
Response:I can speakChinese, oR: I can't speakChinese.

1. whistle 9. swim
2. ride a bicycle lO. float on water
3. touch my ear with my elbow 11. ski
4. play thc piarro* 12. t l o l r i t h r r r citc
5. p l l y t l r cg u i t u r ' 13. rrrrrli,c l plrpcl lir'plunc
6. lili a pilrro 14. scwll buttonon u shirt
7. drivc t stick-shili clr I 5. ctt with clropsticks
8. fix a llat tirc 16. wigglc my cars

(euEs'noN woRD) + clN + suBJEcr + r!rAL\:\ERB

(a) Arabic? Yes, I can.

No, I can't.
(b) to dre party? Yes, she can.
No, she cen't.

(c) Wherc can I but a hammer? At a harduete store.

(d) When cgn lou help me? Totnorroto afterttoon.

I 3: Make yes/noquestions.Gise short answers.

EXERCISE

1. A:

B: (Jeancan speakEnglish.)

2. A :
B: (I can't speakFrench.)

A:

B: (Jim can't play the piano.)

,t\:

TJ: Q can whisde.)

with ltfat, tt e is usually used $ith musicalinstruments:prrJ ,rrcpiano,pla! the guita', pla! '' '
rln expressions
dolin, eu.

282 z cHAPTER
7
 i. A:

B: (I can go shopping rvirh -vouthis aftemoon.)

6. A:
B: (Carmen can't ride a bicycle.)

7. A:
B: (Elephantscan srvim.)

8. A:
(The studentscan finish this exercisequickly.)

9. A:

fl B:
(I can stand on my head.)

lI 10. A:

11. A:
B:
(The doctor can seeyou tomorrow.)

B:

l- E EXERCISE
4-ORAL:
(lVe can't have pets in the dormitory.)

Pair uo with a classmate.

sruDENT a: Your book is open. Ask a question. Use "Can you . . . ?"
sruDENT B: Your book is closed. Answer the ouestion.

Example: speakArabic
sruDENTA: Can you speakArabic?
s'ruDENTB: Yes,I can. ol{: No, I can't.

Switch roles.
l. ride a bicycle I 1. spellMississippi
2. ride a motorcycle 12. seethe backof ( . . . )'s head
3. ride a horse 13. count to lle in (a hnguage)
4. play the piano 14. standon your head
5. play the guitar 15. touch your kneewith your nose
6. touch the ceiling of this room 16. touch your earrvith your elbow
7. cook (a nationality)food 17. play the violin
8. sing 18, drive a stick-shiftcar
9. whisde 19. fix a flat tire
10. float on water 20. ski
h-

ABILIry Z
EXPRESSING 283
f EXERCISES-ORAL: Pair up with a classmate.
STUDENTA: Your book is open. Ask a question. Use " Where can I . . . ?"
STUDENTB: Your book is closed. Answer the question.

Example: buy a notebook

STUDENTA: rWherecan I buy a notebook?
STUDENT B. At the bookstore.I At (nameof a localstore).I Etc.

Switch roles.
1. buy a camera 9. buy a diamond ring
2. get a dozeneggs 10. buy a hammer
3. buy a window fan 11. seea zebra
4. get a good dinner 12. get a newspaper
5. go swimming 13. find an encyclopedia
6. play tennis 14. get a taxi
7. catch a bus 15. get a sandwich
8. mail a package 16. casha check

(a) I can swim. (a) and (b) havebasicallythe samemeaning. Kttou; hoto to
(b) | hnou.: hou to susitn. expresses ability.
(c) Can you cook? (c) and (d) havebasicallythe samemeaning.
(d) Do you &nou hout to cook?

f EXERCISE6-ORAL: Pair up with a classmate.

STUDENTA: Your book is open. Ask a question. Use hnou hout to in your question.
STUDENTB: Your book is closed. Answer the question.

Example: swim
s'fuDENT A: Do you know how to swim?
sruDENTB: Yes,I do. oR: No, I don't.

Switch roles.
1. cook 9. play the guitar
2. dance 10. get to the airport frorn here
3. play the piano 11. get to (nanteof a sore) from here
4. get to the post office from here 12. use a hammer
5. fix a flat tire 13. use a screwdriver
6. drive a stick-shiftcar 14. count to five in (a language)
7. wiggle your ears 15. add,subtract,multiply, and dividc
8. sew 16. find the squareroot of nine

284 t CHAPTER
7
E EXERCISE7-ORAL/WRITTEN: $Zalkaround and talk to your classmates.Ask them ques-
tions. Find peoplewho havethe abilitieslisted below. Ask them questionsabouttheir
abilities.Write a report of the information you get from your classmates.
.
i. play a musical instrument
2. play a sport
3. speak three or four languages
4. cook
5. sing
6. serv
7. fix a car
8. dralv
9. srvim
10. eat rvith chopsticks

(a) I am in Harvaii. I can go to the beach every day. cozld = the oast form of can.
(b) I was in Haw aii last rnonth. I cozldgo to the beach
every da,vrvhen I was there.

(c) I can't go to the movie today. I have to study. NEGATIVE:

go cauld+not=couldn't
(d) llcouldn't to rhe movie tas t night. lhad to srudy.
\coulct not go))

(e) Could 1'ouspec& Englishbeforeyou camehere? QUESTION:

could + subjut + main aerb

I EXERCISE8: Complete the sentencesby using couldn't. Use the expressionsin the list or
your own rvords.

coll yt11 go to thc noaic

cottrclo chrss ligltt thc cattdlcs
y' lo nLvlntrrczuorh lis!,,ttto rttttsic
gct ittto nty ear ttash his clotltcs
go swinming twtclt TV

l. couldn'tdo mv homework Ilst r.riglrtl'rccittrscI wNS t()() tirc(|.

t. )'cslc[(lly Irccuttsc I l(]st yottr tclcphonc nuntlrcr.

'l'V
.t. lrrst rriglrt lreclusc my sct.is broke n.

.+.Tom becausehe didn't

haveany matches.

EXPRESSING
ABILITY' 285
 5. The teacher yesterday
becausehe rvassick.

6. I lastnight becausemy
radio doesn't work.

/. l\en becausehe ilidn't

haveany laundry soap.

8. We yesterdaybecausethe
water was too cold.

9, I yesterday
becauseI
locked all the doors and left the keysinside.

10.I last night bccauseI had to study.

f EXERCISE 9-ORAL (BOOKS CLOSED): Answerthe questions.Use

" N o ,I c o u l d n ' t . . . b e c a u s e . . . . "
Example: Did you finish your homework last night?
Response:No, I couldn't finish my homeworkbecause(I had a headache,etc.).

1. go shopping yesterday 5. go to ( . . . )'s party lastnight

2. study last night 6. come to classyesterday
3. go swimming yesterday 7. go downtownyesterdayafternoon
4. watch TV last night 8. washyour clothcsyestcrday

t EXERCISElO-ORAL (BOOKS CLOSED): What arc somcncgativcrcsultsin thc givcn

situations?Usc can't ot couldn't.

Iixuutplc: '.1'hcrc's
rto clurlkin thc clussroont.
I?esponse:Wc can't writc on thc board.

Examplc: There wasno chalk in thc classroomyesterday.

I?espottsc:The tcachcrcouldn't writc on thc boarcl.

1. ( . . . ) h a sa b r o k e nl e g .
2. (...) had theflu lastweek.
3. ( . . . ) has only (a smallamountof money)inhis pockey'inher pursetoday.
4. ( . . . ) doesn'tknow how to use a computer.
5. Your parentshad rules for you when you werea child.
6. All ofyou are adults. You are not children.
7. You didn't know any Englishlast year.
8. Millions of peoplein the world live in poverty.

286 t cHAPTER
7
tl EXERCISE I l: Correct the errors in the follorving sentences.

l. Could you to'tlrivc a car whcn you wcre thirteen years old?

2. If your brother goes to the graduation part)', he can meeis'iny sister.

":-.
i
' - " ' / r ' ln
3. Mr. Lo rvasborn in Hong Kong, but norv he lives in Canada. He cannofunderstand

spokenEnglishbeforehe moved to Canada,but now he speakLndunderstand{'

Englishvery well.
/
4. I couldn't open){ the door because I didn't have a key.

5. Vhen Ernestoarrived at the airport last Tuesday, heg,srf/tfind the right gate.

6. Pleaseturn up the radio. I can't t/hear it.

(a) The box is oery heaay,butTom can ffiit Vert and too come in front of adjectives; leozry and
(b) The box is too heauy.Bob can't liJrit. lpt are adiectives,
(c) The coffeeisoept hot,butl can dinh it. Veqg and too do Nor have the same meaning.
(d) The coffeeis too hot. I can't dink it. ln (a): oeqt lrcaoy = It is difficult but possible for
Tom to lift the box.
In $): too heaay = It is impossible for Bob to lift it.

(e) The coffee is too hot. In the speaker'smind, the use of too impliesa
NncAl]vE RltsuLl: I can't drink it. nesativeresult.
(f) The weather is too cold.
NEGA'rrvERESULT:\fe can't go to the beach.

t'/=

TOM BOB

EXPRESSING
ABILIry ' 287
 I EXERCISE l2: Complete the sentences. IJse the expressionsin the list or your own words.

v1;
do l*
ao Ins I Y#rrri{',^,n;,
i,,,
lff ***o
t' ..t
l. Thc soup is too hot. I can't 4 q,.r 'ff
'f 'frc b J"
2. t ' i t t gi s l r x r c s P c t t s i v c .| . , , , , , ' ,-
clirrrrrtttd
Y
'l'he 'U^
weathcr is too cold. \Wc can't l,^.-lr l^C )

Pcggy is [()o short.

She can't

5 . Ali is too tired.

'l* d"o
He can't ",
6. I am too busy.

I can't

7, It's too noisy in the dorm at night.

I can't

8. A piano is too heavy.

I can't

I in the list or your own

EXERCISE 13: Complete the sentences.Use too. Use ADJECTIVES
words.

cold small
expensioe tall
heaoy tired
noisy young

l. You can't lift a car. A car is

z. Jimmy is ten. He can't drive a car. He's

5. I can't study in the dorm at night. It's
r'l
I don't want to go to tlte zoo. The weather is

288 t cHAPTERT
 5 . Ann doesn't want to play tennis this afternoon. She's

6. I can't buy a new car. A new car is

7. John has gainedweight. He can't wearhis old shirt. It's

8 . The basketballplayercan't standup straightin the subway.He's

! EXERCfSE 14: Complctc thc scntcnces.lJsetoo or tery.

1. The tea is veU hot, but I can drink it.

2. The teais too hot. I can't drink it.

3. I can't put my dictionary in my pocket. My dictionaryis big.

4. An elephantis big. A mouseis small.

5. I can'tbuy a boat becauseir's expensive.

6. A sportscaris expensive,but Anita can buy one if she rvants to.

7. We went to the Rocky Mountains for our vacation,The mountainsarc

beautiful.

8. I can't eat this food becauseit's _ salty.

o Amanda doesn'tlike her room in the dorm. Shethinks it's small.

1 0 . I lost your dictionary. I'm sorry. I'll buy you a netv one.

1 1 . A: Do you like your math course?

B: Yes. It's difficult, but I enjoyit.

EXPREssING
ABrLrry. 289
 12. A: Do you like your math course?

B: No. It's diffrcult. I don't like it becauseI can't understandthe

math.

t3. It's seven-thirty. Do you want to go to the movie?

'We
can't. It's late, The movie started at seven.

14. Did you enioy your dinner last night?

Yes. The food was good!

15. Are you going to buy that &ess?

No. It doesn'tfit. It's bie.

16. Do you think Carol is smart?

Yes,I do. I think she's intelligent.

t7. My daughterwants to get married.

lVhat? But shecan't! She's young.

18. Can you readthat sign acrossthe street?

No, I can't. It's far arvay.

My stomachdoesn't feel good. I Too is liequently used with rzazy and nuch.
(a) 's
I atetoo many sanduiches. I Too tnany used in front of count nouns,as in (a).
(b) Iate too muchfood. I Too tnuch isttsed in front ofnoncount nouns,asin (b).*

*SeeChan 4-6 for moreinformationabout count nouns and noncount nouns.

I EXERCfSE15: Completethe sentences.Use too ttan! or too ttruch. Use roo lnanJ, with
pluralcowr NouNs. Use too tnuch with NoNcouNT NouNs.

1. I can'tgo to the movie tonight. I have tOO mUCh homeworkto do.

2. iVlr.and Mrs. Smith havesix cars. The)' have

3 . Alex is ncrvous and iumpy. He drinks coffce.
'l'hcra
arc fn /a"/ r' r'tt./ studcnts irr my clrcmistry class. I cnn't
'
rcrlcnrbcr all ol'lhcir rranrcs.

L 29O a 7
cHAPTER
 ) - Fred is a corunuter. He drives to and from work every day. Yesterdayafternoon he
tl
tried to get home early, but he couldn't becausethere was X; /t^a'tah-'
-r'r-n
traffic. There rvere cars on the highway during
rushhour.
6. You use J-. n'rr,-cL. salt on your food. A lot of salt isn't good for you.

It's not possiblefor a person to 5"rr" *oo v-rto n Y. friends.

t

8. The restaurant
lvascrowded,sowe teft. Therewere 'ton t/^nAnY'
peopleat the restaurant. v

9. This food is too hot! I can't eat it. There's tqo lfn u CLu . pepper in it.

10. Mike is gaining rveight becausehe eats 4oo nnn rJ"- tooa.
-1tro--
1 1 . I can't buy this rvatch. It costs cL- money.
12. Ann doesn't study becauseshe'salwaysbusy. srrerras ts-- AAanl,
boyfriends.

13 . I haveto study for eight hours every night. My teachersassign

homework.

14. I invited three friends to mv housefor lunch. I made twelvesandwichesfor them. but

they ate only six. I made sandwiches. I made

-
fvu^ a\'^-- '
g [.so- food for my

I
I
I

EXPRESSING
ABILITY! 29I
 f l6-ORAL (BOOKSCTOSED):Think of possible
EXERCISE to the questions.
ansrvers
Exampb: You had too much homework last night. What was tlle result?
Response: I couldn't finish it. i I didn't get to bed until after midnight. / Etc.

it coststoo much money. rrl?hat'sthe result?

1, ( . . . ) wants to btty (sontething),but

2, (. . .)tried to readan articlein the newspaperabout (a currenttoplc,),but there was

too much vocabularythat he didn't know. rJThatwasthe result?

3. (... ) and (... ) wantedto eatat (nameof a laml restaurant)

last rig}l.t,but therewere
too many people there. What wasthe result?

4. ( . . . ) likesto study in peaceand quiet. His/FIerroommate likes to listen to loud

music antl makcstoo much noisc. What'sthc rcsr,rlt?

5. (...) wants to (dosomething) today,but the weatheris too (hot / cold / humid i
cloudy / wet / etc.). Vhat's the result?

6. (... ) invited ( . . . ) to (dosometlizg)lastnight, but ( . . . ) was too bus)-. He/She had

too much homework. rJ?hatwasthe result?

7. Sometimes ( . . . ) drinkstoo much coffee. rJirhat'sthe result?

8. ( . . . ) wants to climb (nameof a nountain), but the mountain is too steep and too
high. The climb is too difficult for ( . . . ) becausehe/sheis an inexperiencedclimber.
rWhatis the result?

9. ( - . . ) took the bus ycsterday.He/Shewasvcry tircd and necdcd to sit down, but
thcrc wcrc too many pcoplcon thc brrs. Wlrlt wls thc rcsult?

l { ) , ( , . . ) r r r r r t l rcr c r r p r r l c r r l l i ' cl i r r ' ( . . , , 1 , l r r r li l r v r r rl o o r . r l r \ ) r r l l. li .l r r l l c c l r i t t c r ' . W l r r r t

was thc rcsult-/

11. At the presentratesof populationgrow'th,somedaythere rrill be too man-r'peopleon

earth. rwhat will be the result?

12, ( . , , )'s .tpartmcntis ttxrsmallfrrrhirrr/ltcr (rrndtlrcir

irtrdhis/hcrrvile'/rtrsbitrrcl
childrcn). \What'sthe rcsult?

13. (... ) took a trip to (naneof a phce)lastmonth. He/Shetook six big suitcases.In
other words, he/shehad too many suitcases.rJ0hatwasthe result?

292 t 7
cHAPTER
i
b
 (I ) Srrsicc, n't go to scltool hccausc she is too young. (a) and (b) bave the samOmeaning.
(tr) Strsicisiooyo ngaogo l(l sch(xtl.

'ltx, I A t l l t i rI t l v t i r N l r r N nt v r i
( e) Srtr;icis ,rxr )t.rt,rrE l.t g.t . l(r sclr(xrl.
(d) Pegg)'is ,oo shott to reach the cookie iar-
(e) Bobis roo tired to do his hornewor*-

I EXERCISEl7: Make sentenceswith the same meaning by using an infinitive after too +
ADJECTIVE.

1. Mr. Cook is old. He can't drive a car an)'rnore.

,, Mr. Cook is I too I I old I l---!.9-fu----) acar.
adiecd{e + infinitive

2. Susiedoesn'twant to go to the par6' becauseshe is tired.

-:)e,i.l
- l<-
--+ Susieis | 1" . I I I , ..o- t to the parry.
.
adiectil.e

3. Robert is short. He can't touch the ceiling.

+"- ql.^.r.,'1
- Robertis I | I the ceiling.
adi.cti'e infinitive

4. I couldn't finish my work becauseI s,as sleepy.

-, rwastk l-.-'r, t r-- *
l I
too+adicctitc+infhidvc
f "t-- , mywork.

). Jackieis young. Shecan'tgetmarried.

, Jackicis too . . -P a^ f'' ' <-'o' J
f,,<r
6. Samdidn'twantto go to thezoobecausehe rvasbusy-
I'
--l":'
- Sam\Y{q!
J,,
&. ','r,'1 '' t-1 t-t -1L, z. c:.
l{
7. I'm full. I can't eat another sandwich.

-) L...

8. I don't want to cleanup my aparcTrerlttodal'. I'm lazy.

-) I....

EXPRESSING
ABILITY ' 293
 (a) Bob can't lift thc box bccauscit is too lrcxvy. (a) and (b) l'riwc thc sirrrrc
(b) 'fhc
box ist&d &e.ro'rfor.'diob to EItt

t(.)., + Atlti(: vti .l- t;( t (s(),iltilrNtit-f tNr,tNflrvl4

(c) 'l'lrc
trox is aoo lrcaoy lor l]ob to lift.
'l'hc
(d) clorm is loo noisy lor ,r.e lo str.ty.

E EXERCISEl8: Make sentenceswith the samemeaning by using too + ADJECTIVE

+jfol
(someone)
+ INFINITIVE.

1. Robert can't touch the ceilingbecauseit's too high.

--+ Tlre ceilingis I too | | high | | for Robert | | to touch l.
+ adjcctive + /rr (somcone)

2. I can't do the homeworkbecauseit's too difficult.

-+ The homework is | |
too + adjective + /or (someoDe) + infinitive

3. Rosa can't drink this coffeebecauseit's too hot.

--+ This coffeeis
too -t adiective + /or (someone) + infinitive

4. We can't go to the movie becauseit's too late.

-+ It',s
L_J
too + sdjectivc + /or (someone) + infhitive

5 . Ann can't carry that suitcasebecauseit's too heavy.

-+ That suitcaseis too . . . .

6. I can't buy this book becauseit's too expensive.

--+Thisbook....

7. IUe can't go swimming becausethe weatheris too cold.

8. Mrs. Rivers can't swallow the pill. It's too big.

; 294 : cHAPTER
7
it.
t
jl E EXERCISEI9-ORAL (BOOKSCLOSED): Answerrzoand explainrvhy in a complete
sentencethat usestoo and anrNlrtNtrtvE.
Example: The coffeeis too hot. Can you drink it? Can ( . - . ) drink it?
Response:No. The coffeeis too hot (for me) to drink. I think it's also too hot for ( . . . )
to drink.

1. (This deskI A piano)is heavy.Can you lift it? Can ( . . . )?

2. ( . . . ) ' s s h o e is m a l l C ? a n ( . . . ) w e a ri t ?
. a n y o u w e a r i tC
3. (... )'s shoeis big. Canyouwearit? Can (...) wearit?
4. Who rvantsto buy his or her own private airplane? How much does one cost? Can
y o ub u y o n e ?C a n ( . . . ) b u y o n e ?
5. Who is a parent? Has a sonor daughter?Horv old? Can he/shen'allVread/goto
college/geta job/getmarried?
6. Antarctica is very,very cold. Do peoplelive there?
7. There are many,manystarsin the universe. Can rveseeall of t.I-em?
8. An elephantis a largeanimal. Can an elephantwalk through that door?
(). 'l'hc Srrlurlul)cscr'lis vcryrlry. Do [rrnrcrsgrow (crops,ricc, v!.gctablcs)therc?
I O. Arr appleis ill)()utlllc slrrr.rc sizcils lny list. Can you slvallorva rrholc applc all at
oncc? Can anyoncsw:rllorv a wholcapplcall at oncc?

(a) Peggy can't go to school. She is too young. (a) and (b) give the same meaning. Notice:
(b) I'cggy can't go to school. Shc is not old enozg&. enough follols an adjective.

(c) I cnn't hcar the radio. It's not /oud enough. ADJI]C']-IVE + EXOUCH
(d) Bobby can read. He's old enough. old enough
'We
( e) can go srvimming. The rveatler is rr:cnn enough. lottd enough
raanr enough
Enough is pronounced "enuf."

E EXERCfSE20: Complete the sentences.Use foo or enough. Use the rvords in parentheses.

1. $nurtg,oltl) Susiccan'tgo to school.She's She'snot

2. (loud,soJt) I can't hearthe music. It's It's not

3. (big,vnall) Jackis gainingweight. He can't rvearhis old coar It's

It's not

EXPRTSSING
ABILITY ' 295
 4. (short, tall) Cindy can't reachthe book on the top shelf. She's

. She's not

5. (cold,hot) I don't want to finish my coffee because it's

It's not

6. (weab stronE) Ron can't lift the heavy box. He's not

He's

7. (sweet,sour) I don't want to finish eating this orange. It-s

It's not

8. (old,fresh) Don't buy that fruit. It's It's not

9. (j'oung, old) Jimrny is an infant. He can't talk yet. He's not

He's

lO. (strong, weak) This coffeelooks like dirty water. It's It's

not

11. (big,small) I can put my dictionary in my shirt pocket. My pocketis

. It's not

1 2 . (comfortable, I don't want to sit in that chair. It's

unnmfortable)
It's not

lJ. (wide,narrow, A-nneand Sue can't carry the love

large,small) seatthrough the door. The door is

The door

isn't The

love seatis The

love seat isn't

296 t cHAPTERT
 14. (zt:arn, nld) \ge can go to the beach today. The weather ts

It's not

-|l EXERCISE
2I-ORAL (BOOKSCLOSED):Answerthequestionno and explains'hv bv
using enough.
ExantPlc: Can you touch the ceiling?
Response:No, I'm not tall enough to touch the ceiling.

1. Can an elephant walk through that door?

2. Can ten-year-old children go to college?
3. Can you tor:,ch(nameoJa sntdentuho is not c/ose)without standing up?
4. Can you put your gramrnar book in your shirt pocket?
5. Can a dog learn to read?
6. Can you eat (four hamburgers)right now?
7. Can you read a book by moonlight?
8. Can you understand ever-vrvord an English-speaking TV nervscaster says?
9. Can a turde win a race sith a rabbit?
10. (lYrite somethingin aery snall letterson the board.)Can you read these letters?
1 1. Can this roornhold (two hundred)people?
12. Can you cut a piece of paper with your fingernail?

(a) I can't buy this book. I need zrrore monql nrore = additional.
(b). I can't buy this book. I don't have enough tnoney. enough = sufhcient.

(c) I can't finish my work. I need some more titne. Notice: rnore comesin front of a noun.
(d) I can't finish my work. I dor.'rhave eflough titne. MORE + NOUN
more ntoney
,nore tlme
Notice: ezozgh comes in front of a noun.*
ENOUGH + NOUN
enough monE)
enough time

*Ezolglr may also follow a Doun: I dot't haoc non4t enotrgi. In everyday English, azoug& usually comes in front ofa nouit.

I EXERCISE22: Oor.npletethe scntcllccs.Use your own words.

1. I can't becauseI don't have

crrottglt r:rrrncy.

.1. I cirrr't l r s c l t t s cI t h r t t ' t l t l v c

cnough tilnc.

ABrurv t
EXPREsSTNG 297
 3. I couldn't becauseI didn't have
enough money.

4. I couldn't becauseI didn't have

enoughtime.

5. I don't want to becauseI don't

haveenoughtime.

I would like to but I can't because

I don'thaveenoughmoney.

I EXERCISE
23: Completethe sentences.IJse tnore or enough. Use the wordsin the list;
usethe plural form if necessary.

y' bread kght time

dzsk minute wcabulary
y' egg sugar
gas lea

1. I'm hungry. I want to make a sandwich, but I can't. There isn't

2. According to the cake recipe I need three eggs, but I have only onc. I need two

more eggs
5- Kcn isn't finishcd with his tcst- l-Ic nccds tcn

4. I can't go skiing Saturday. I'rn too busy. I don't havc

5 . My tca isn't swcct cnough. I nccd somc

6 . There are fifteen studentsin the class,but *lere are onlv ten desks. Ve needfive

7. I can't understandt}te front page of the newspaperbecauseI don't know

8 . It's too dark in here. I can't read my book. There isn't

9. A: Do we have
B: No. We haveto stop at a gas station.

1 0 .A: Vould you like

B: Yes,thank you. IU like orre more cup.

E 298 t cHAPTERT

t
 (a) I'cggy errng() t() selt(x)lhcc rrscslrc is (}kl crrr[rglr. (u) rtrxl (lt) ltirvc lltc sirrrtcrrcirlirg,
Al)ljcftvl; + t,Nou(irr + lNFlNI flvli
(b) I'eggy is old enough to go to school.

( c) I can't buy this book because I don't have enough money. (c) and (d) have the same meaning.
ENOUGH + NOUN + INFINTTIVE
(d) I don't have ezoug& ,noney to buy this book.

! EXERCISE24: Make sentenceswith the samemeaning by using an r\TDilrrvE.

1. Ken can reach the top shelfbecausehe'stall enough.

-, Ken is tall enoughto reachthe top sheu.

2. I can't finish my work becauseI don't haveenoughtime.

3. Mustafa can buy a new car becausehe has enoughmoney.

4. Johnny can't get married becausehe isn't old enough.

5. Mr, and Mrs. Forest can't feed their family becausethey don'r eam enoughmoney.

6. I can eata horse. I'm hungry enough.*

7. Sally bought enoughfood. She can feed an army.

8. Did you frnish your homework last night? Did you haveenoughtime?

9. Can you buy a ticket to the show? Do you haveenoughmone-v?

10. I can't understandthis article in the newspaperbecauseI don't knorvenough

vocabulary,

*I'tr hungryenotghto eata horseis an Englishidiom. The $peakeris saying,,I'mvery

hungry," The speaker
doesnot really want to eat a horsc,
Ofier examplesof idioms:
I put ny Jootir my noarl. = I said somethingstupid. I said somethingro rhe$Tongpersonat the wrong
tlme.
Watchyour step.= Be caleful.
It's rcinitg catsand dogs.= It's raining hard.
Every languagehasidioms. They arc common expressionsthat havespecialmeanings.

EXPRESSING
ABILIry . 299
f E X E R C I S E2 5 : C o t n p l c r c t h c s c t ) l c l r c c s [' J s c y o t t r o w t t w t r tt l s '

1. I'r:r old cnough to

2. I'm strong enough to

3. I'm not strong cnough to

4. I'm not l.rttngrYcrtoughto

5. I have enough money to

6. I don't have enough money to

7. I have enough dme to

8. I don't haveenoughtime to

9. I know enoughEnglishto

10. I don't know enoughEnglishto

26-ORAL (BOOKSCLOSED): Answerno and explainwhy' IJse loo or

E EXERCISE
enough.
\--'/
Example: Is the weatherperfccttoday?
Respinse:No, it's too cold./ No, it's not warm enough'/ Etc'

1. I havea daughter. She'stwo yearsold Can shego to school?

2. I'm making a noise(a very soft noise)' Can you hear it?
good
3' Bobby is fifteenyearsold' He's in love' He wantsto get married' Is that a
idea?
4. Can you put my briefcase/purse/etc' in your pants pocket/handbag/etc'?
5. Can you understandeverythingon the front pageof a newspaper?
6. Can an elePhantsit in that chair?
7. Do you like the weather(in this city) in the winter/summer?
8. Did you finish your homeworklastnight?
9. Do you want to go on a picnic Saturday?
10. \fould you like to eatyour lunch on the floor of this room?
11. Can YoubuYa hotel?
(rvithout a
12. Here's an arithmeticproblem' You havethree secondsto solveit
calcul.ator).Multiplt 673 by 897' Could you solveit in three seconds?

3OO t 7
cHAPTER
 PRESENT (a) | arn able to louch my toes. (a) and (b) have basically the same
(b) | can torrctr my toes. meamng.

FUTUI{II (c) I uill be abte to go shopping tomorro\!- (c) and (d) have basically the same
( d) I caz g,o shopping tomorrow. meaning.

PAST ( e) I uasn't sble to Jinish my homervork last night. (e) and (f) have basically the same
( f ) I couldn't Jinislr my homeworklast nighl meaning,

E EXERCISE27-ORAL: Make sentenceswith the same meaning by using be able to.

1. I can be here tomonow at ten o'clock.

-, I'll (I will) be able to be here tonorrmts at ten
o'clock.
2. Trvo students couldn't finish the test.
, Two sntdcntsztseren't able to finish the test-
3. .lllark is bilingtral.I-lc can spcak rrvo languagcs.
4. Sue can get her own apartment next year-
5 . A n i m : r l sc i l t ) ' ls p c l l k .
(r. Cun you touch your tocs without bcnding yor:r knccs?
7. Jackcoulcln'tdcscribc thc thiel
8. Coulcl you do thc homework?
9. I couldn't slccp last night bccausemy apartment was too hot.
10. lvly roommate can speakfour languages- He's multilingual.
11. I'm sorry that I couldn't call you last nighr.
i 2. I'm sorry, but I can't come to your parry next week.
13. Can we take vacations on the moon in the 22nd centurv?

.,/ o o
a-
2o-oooEEtrlcf oooTl cl
MooNLlGHrrouRca.
2 l)

EXPRESSING
ABILIry ' 3OI
tl EXERCISE28: Complete the sentences'

1. I wasn't able to last night because

2. rWe'll be able to in the 22nd centurY.

I'm sorry, but I won't be able to

4. Birds are able to

5 . My friend is multilingual. She's able to

6 . I'm bilingual. I'm able to

7 . The students weren't able to in class

yesterdaybecause
'Sfill tomorrow?
8. you be able to

o wasn't able to because

10. isn't ableto

because

11. won't be able to

because

(a) May I borroco Your Pen? (a), (b), and (c) have thc samc mcaning: I want to borrow
(b) Could I borr"otu Your Pcn? your pen. I am asking politely to borrow your pen'
(c) Cun I b<tt't'<xrr Yottr llctr?'

(d) May I Please borrowYowtPen? Please is often used in polite questions.

(e) CouldI Please borroraYour Pen?
(f) Can I Please botow Yout Pen?

't1'l'lcAl, ltlisl'oNslis 't \'t'l()Al, (:oNVlil{s^'l l()N

(g) Yes, ctJ course A: Muy I PlLtst hotrorc lorn'Pctt?

(h) OJ course. ll: Ycs, td cour"-c. I L r it it
'l'hank 'I
(i) Cet'tainlY. L: You. | lunhs.
(j) Sure. (informal)*
(k) No probletn (inlbrmal)r

*Informal English is typically uscd between friends and family membe$'

3O2 t 7
cHAPTER
E EXERCISE29: Look at the pictures. Complete the dialoguesby using Mav I, Can I, ot
Could I and typical responses.

t ):r,fit-sstNc
nllllv t 303
I 3O-ORAL (BOOKS CTOSED): Ask and answerpolite questionsusingMay I,
EXERCISE
Can I. or Could I.

Exatnple: ( . . . ) has a pencil. You want to borrow it.

sruDENTA: ( . . . ), rnay I (please)borrow your pencil?
sruDENTB: Certainly. Here it is.
sruDENTe: Thank you.

1. ( . . . ) hasa dictionary. You want to borrow it.

2. (. . .) hasa pen. You want to useit for a minute.
3. (...)hasaneraser- You wantto useit for a minute,
4. (... ) hasa pencil sharpener.You want to borrow it.
5. ( . . . ) h a s a b o o k . Y o u w a n t t os e ei t .
6. ( . . . ) has a dictionary. You want to seeit.
7. You are at ( . . . )'s home. You lvant to usethe phone.
8. You are at ( . . . )'s home. You want a glassof water.
9. You are at a restaurant. ( . . . ) is a waiter/waiuess.You want to havea cup of coffee.
10. ( . . . ) is a rvaiter/rvaitess. You want to havethe check.

('a) Cuid yob (Pb,ase) oPen lhc do(}r-/ (a) anrl (b) hrrvclhc srmc nrciririrrg:I \v:rnty()rrl() opcn lhc
(b) Would ydu (Olease) apen thc dorrr? <ltxrr. I attt lxrlitcly nskirrgyott [() (]l)cr tlrc (l(x)r.

'l Yt't(:At. (:oNvtiRsA t'l()N

1'Yt'tcAt,
t{tst'oNStts
(c) Yes, of course. A: Coukl you Plcuseolrctttltc dror?
(d) Certainly. B: I'd be glad to.
(e) I'd be glad to. A: Thank you. I Thanks.
(f) I'd be happy to.
(e) Surc. (informal)
(h) No probl.em. (informal)

304 t 7
cHAPTER
EXERCISE3l : Use the given expressionsto completethe dialogues.use could you or
Would you and give typical responses.

1 . A : Excuseme, sir.

B:

A:

B : Excuseme? I didn't understandwhat you said.

B:

ABILIIY S
EXPRESSING 305
 I 32-ORAL (BOOKS CTOSED): Ask und :rnswcrPolircqucsri()r)s
EXERCISE trsirrgCoald
you or Would you.

Exauplc: You want ( . . . ) to opcn thc rvindos'-

s1'ur)riN'r'n: ( . . . ), could you (plcasc)opcn t}rc rvindow?
s'ruDr;N'l'll: Ccrtainly.
A:'l'hnnk you.
s't'ul)l;N'r'

1. Youwant ( . . . ) to closethe door.

2. lbu rvant( . . .) to turn on thc light.
3. Yourvant (. . . ) to turn off the light.
4. Youwant ( . . . ) to passyou the salt and pq)per.
5. Youwant ( . . . ) to hand you that book.
6. You want ( . . . ) to translate a word for 1'ou-
7. \bu want ( . . . ) to tell you the time
8. lbu want ( . . . ) to open the window.
9. Youwant ( . . . ) to hold your books for a minute.
10. \bu want ( . . . ) to lend you (an am.ountof nzoncy).

I EXERCISE 33-ORAL: rVith a partner, make up a polite question that someone might
typically ask in each situation. Share your dialogues with the rest ofthe class.
STLTDENT A: Ask a polite question.
STLDENTB: Answer the question.

Exanple: Situation: professor's office. Student A is a student. StudentBisaprofes.^..

STUDENTA: (Knock, knock). May I come in?
STLDENTB: Certainly. Come in. Horv are you today?
STLDENTA: Fine, thanks.
OR:
'
srLDexr a: Hello, Professor Alvarez. Could I ulk to you for a few minutes? I have
some questions about the last assignment.
STLTDENT B: Of course. Have a seat.
srr,'DENTA: Thank vou.

l. Situation:a restaurant. Student A is a customer. Student B is a waitress/waiter.

2. Situation:a classroom.Student A is a teaclrer. Student B is a student.
3. Sination: a kitchen. StudentA is a visitor- Srudent B is at home.
4. Situation:a clothing store. Student A is the customer. Student B is a salesperson.
5. Siuation: an aparttnent. StudentA and B are roo[unates.
6. Situation:a car. StudentA is a passenger-Student B is the driver.
7. Situation:an office. StudentA is a boss. Student B is an employee.
8. Situation:a telephoneconversation. Snrdent B answersthe phone. Student'A wants
to talk to (someone).

h 1Sh

j
 (a) "Close the door,Jimmy. It's cold outside." ln (a): Close the door is an imperatft;esentence,The
"Okay, Mom." sentence means, 'Jimmy, I want you to close the door.
I am telling you to close the door."

(b) Srl down. An imperativesentenceusesthe simpleform of a verb

(c) Be careful! (close,sit"be,etc.).

(d) Don't open the rvindow. NEcATwE:don't + thesimplelorm oJa uerb

(e) Don't belate.

(f) oRDERS:Stop, thief! Imperativesentencegive orders,direcdons,and

(g) DRECTIoNS: Opez your books to page 24. advice. With the addition of2lecse, asin (i),
(h) ADvrcE: Don't Taornr. imoerativesentencesare usedto makeoolite requests.
(i) REeuEsTs: Please closa the door.

ll EXERCISE34: Underline the ltrarERATTvE

vERBsin the following dialogues.

l . ctxt>Y: We're leaving.

rlritr t: $[rjg for me!
ctNt>Y: Hurrv up! lVe'll be late.
Ilrit'r I: Okay. Okay. I'm ready. Let's go.

2 , MTcHIILLE: (Knock, knock,) May I come in?

prtol:l;sson: Certainly. ,ep-g i". Please have-a seat.
Mr(:nlir-r.ri:'l'hanks.
)tt: llorv cln I lrclp yor-r'/
t'n()t;t.:ss(
Mt(:tttir.r.ri: I ncsd to irsk you a qucstion about ycstcrday'slccturc.
morrrissol{: Okay. \What'sthc question?

J. MARY: We need to leavesoon.

IVAN: I'm ready.
MARv: D_g4f,t your housekey.
!o_rge1
IVAN: I haveit.
MARY: Okay.

ToM: rvhat's the matter?

IIM: I havethe hiccups.
ToM: Hold your breath.
BoB: Drin} some water.
Joti: Brcrthc into l papcrbng.
rtS rtiN: LaI r pieceof bread.
IIM: It's okay. The hiccups are gone.

EXPRESSING
ABILIry J 307
 5. sruDENT: Do u'ehaveany homeworkfor tomorrow?
TEAcHER:Yes. Readpages24 through36, and answerthe questionson page 37, in
writing.
sruDENT: Is that all?
l:eAcHBn: Yes.

6 . YUKo: Horv do I get to the post office from here?

DRtc: ITalk nro blocksto 16thAvenue. Then turn right on Forest Sneet. Go two
more blocksto Market Sueetand turn left. The post office is halfrvay down
the steet on the right-handside.
YUKo: Thanks.

7. ANDv: Bye, Mom. I'm going overto Billy's house.

MoM: rWaita minute. Did you cleanup your room?
ANDY: I'll do ir later.
MoM: No. Do it now, beforeyou leave.
ANDY: Do I haveto?
MoM: Yes.
ANDY: rJ/hat do I haveto do?
MoM: Hang up your clothcs. Makc your bcd. Put your books back on the shelf.
Empty the wastepaperbasket.Okay?
ANDY: Okay.

8 . HEIDI:Pleaseclosethe window,Mike. It's a litde chilly in here.

MIKE: Okay. Is thereanythingelseI can do for you before I leave?
HEIDI:Could ,vouturn off the light in the kitchen?
MIKE: No problem. Anything else?
HEIDI:Ummm, pleasehand me the remote control for the TV. It's or.er there.
MIKE: Sure. Here.
HEIDI:Thanks.
MIKE: I'll stopby againtomorrow. Thke careof yourself. Thke good care of that
brokenleg.
HEIDI: Don't rvorry. I will. Thanksagain.

308 : 7
cHAPTER
 f EXERCISE35: Vrite an MIERATTvEseNTENcein the empry space above the speaker.

o
n

LXl,lrl.r;slNo
nllt lv t 3O9
 E EXERCISE36-ORAL: -J7hatare some typical TMnERATTvE you might hear in tJre
SENTENcES
siven situations?
'What
Exanple: ( . . . ) is your friend. He/Shehas a headache. aresometypical
imperativesentencesfor this situation?
Responses:Thkean aspirin.
Lie down and closeyour eycsfor a littlewhile.
Put a cold cloth acrossyour forehead.
Thke a hot bath and relax.
Etc.

1. You are the teacherof this class.You are assigninghomelvorkfor tomorrow. rifhat
are sometypical imperativesentencesfor this situation?
2. Your friend ( . . . ) has the hiccups. rVhat are sometypicalimperativesentencesfor
this situation?
3. ( . . . ) is your cight-ycar-oldson/tlaughtcr.I-Ic/Shcis walking()utlhc dool to go to
s c h o o l . W h a t r r c s o n l c L y p i c u li r n g r c n t t i v cs c n t c n c c sl i r t l l t i s s i l t t t t i o t t ?
'lL'll
4 . ( . . , ) w x n t s l ( ) i n r p r o v c l r i s / l r c Ih c ' l r l t h . l r i n r / h c l r v h u l l o ( l ( )l l n ( l w l l i r t n ( ) l l o ( l ( ) .
'l,rll
5. ( . . . ) is g()ilrlj to cook ricc lirr tlrc lirst tirr)c toniljlrl. hinVlrcr ltolv lo cttol<ricc.
( t . ( , , . ) i s g o i n g t o v i s i t y o u r c o r r r r t | y l i r r t l r c I i r s l l i r r l c r c x l t r ( r l l l r . l l ' l l l r i n t / l r c |w l l i t t
I t r d t r l r n r l w h l l t l ( ) s c c u s : r ( O t r r - i si tr ' rv ( , u t c ( ) u r r t tv ,

I'ttto, too, antl lo ltrrvc lltc san)c I)rolttrrrclltr(tl.

T',lvo ( a) I have tqro children. In (a): tzoo = a numbcr.

TOO ( b) Timmy is too young. He can't read. In (b)t too young = not old enough.

( c) Ann sawthe movie. I sarvthe movie loo. In (c): too = c/so.

TO ( d) I talked ro Jim. In (d): fo = a preposition.

( e) I want to watch television.

E EXERCISE37: Comoletethe sentences.Use tzro, too, or to.

1 . I'd like a cup of coffee. Bob would like a cup tOO

)-
2 . I had v-- i.-) cups of coffee yesterday.
I '
3. I can't drink my coffcc. It's hot. Thc coffcc is hot for mc
) ",, drink.
_l I -
4 . I talked l> Jim. Janewants t"tt in Ji-

5. I lvalked ,1 school today. Alex rvalked ,''> school today

3lO t C H A P T E7R
il l
L
 '
:!)

,Ie 6. I'm going take the bus ,1' school tomorrow

' /'
7. Shh. I want listen the news broadcast.

8. I can't study. The music is ___-r_-l-j__ loud,

'I'he j, -
9. weather is cold for us go ---,r- the beach.
- -*w/ L" apples
10. Ihave l-v-'s apples.Kenwano G n"lr"

(a) Olga is at home. In (a): ct is usedwith home,worh, and.school.

lvan is at zaork.
Yoko is al sclool.
(b) Srrc is rz icri. In (b): rn is usedwith bed,class,jai|pr*on, ar:.dhospiul,
'l'om NotE: AmericanEnglish= rz thehospinl.
is iz c/css.
Paul is in jaillprison. British English = in hospiul.
Mr. Lee is r'z (the) hospital.

( c ) Ahmed is rz thekitchen. In (c): rn is usedwith rooms: in the hirchm, in rte cbssroom,in

I
thehall, in my bedroom,etc,

(d) David is in Mexico City. In (d): rz is usedwith cities,states/provinces, counries, and

continents: in Mexico City, in Floida, in laly, ia Aia, etc.

(e) A: !7here's lvan? In (e): at is usuallyusedwith locationsin a cig: at thepost

B: He isn't here. He's at thebqnk. ofliu, at thebank,at the librcry, at the boohsnre,at tlu park, at
thetheate\at therestaurant,at thejootballstadiunt et.

COMPARE In (f): A speakerusesm with a building only s'hen it is

(f) In Picture 2,Ivan is in thebank. imponant to saythat someoneis inside, not outside, the
He is not outsidethe bank. building. Usuallya speakerusesat with a building.
in thcbanh= insidethe bank building.

ENTRANCE

Ivan is a, the bank. Ivan is at the bank.

Ivan is iz (r'zsr'de)the bank.

EXPRESSING
ABILIY T 3''
l EXERCISE38: Complctc thc scntcnccs r,vitl-ral or rir- In sonrc sclrtcrlccs,botl.r prcpositious
arc corrcct.

A: Is Jennifcrhcrc?

B: No, she's Ot the bookstore.*

I
1
A: Where'sJack?
I
B: He's l/"1 his room.
I
3. When I was rrT *'ork yesterday,I had an interesting telephone call.
I
A
Poor Anita. She's

Mr. Gow wasn't

feelingwell.
lf \

I |/'\
the hospitalagainfor more surgery.

classyesterday.H. *". i home. He rvasn't

II
6. Last yearat this time, Eric s,as I Fl
Korea. This yearhe,s i f\ Spain. I
7 . A: \7here'sDonna?

B: She's t I Ne*'York. She's attending a conference.

II
8. There's a fire extinguish", ,t' ,h. h"ll.
I
I
9. The children a." d nome this morning. They aren,t fS school.
1 0 . A: Where'sOlga? I rvassupposedto meet her here at five.
-[

If
B: She's Of the library. She'ssrudyingfor a test.
A: Oh. Maybe she forgot that shewas supposedto meet me here.

1 1 . A: rf(/here'sRobert?
I
I
I,'

Il
B: He's the computer room.

1 2 .A: rJThere'sFatima?
B: She's r-)-' the supermarket.
I

13.
'We
ate il ! a good restaurantlast night. The food was delicious.

14. A thief broke the windorv of a iewelry store and stolesomevaluablefewelry.The.

II
t

police caughthim. Norv he's

long time.
/ jail. He's going to be A prisonfor a
I
rl I
I
1 5 . Singaporeis Asia.
.l
'
t o . \7e had a good time the zoo yesterday.

*AI5o coRREcr:Sic's in theb<nhsrote,butonly if the speakerwantsto ssy that sheis insidc, not outside,rhe
iI
bookstore,Usuallya speakeruses o, \rirh a building to identify somcone'slocation.
-
312t CHAPTER7
I

I
l
 17. There are thirty-sevenaests iVl our classroom.

18. A: I here can I get somefresh tomatoes?

t.

s: +l't] the market on rwaterfront sEeet.

19. A: Here's your hotel key, Ms. Fox. You're-l-4-- Room 609.
B: Thank you. Where are the elevators?

20. A: Is Mike up?

B: No, he's -L(r- bed.

A: rVell, it's time to get up. I'm going to wake him up. Hey, Mike! You cant sleep
all day! Get up!
C: Go awav!

f EXERCISE39-ORAI (BOOKS CLOSED): Complete the sentence"I asas, . . yesterday"

by using the given word and the correct preposition, at or dn.

ExamPle: work
ResPowe: I was at work yesterday.

1. class 7. work
2. the library 8. Room 206
3. (nameof a city) 9. a hotel
4. home 1O. (nameoJa continent)
5. this room 11. ( . . . )'s living room
6. thc bookstorc 12. (nanc ota building)

f EXERCISE4O-ORAL (BOOKS CLOSED): Ask antl answcrqucstionsabout location.

sfrff )tiN'tn: llcgirrthcquesli()nwitlt "Wrcrc zocteyou . , , , P"
s t'tl)tiN'f tr: Usc cl or iz in thc rnswcr.

I:xanple: yestcrdayafternoon
STUDENTA: Where were you yesterdayaftemoon?
sruDENT u: I was in class.

1. at nine o'clock last night

2. at two o'clock yesterday afternoon
3. after classyesterday
4. this morning at six o'clock
5. six weeksago
6. five years ago
7. on your last vacation
8. when you were ten years old

EXPRESSING
ABILIW ' 31 3
 I EXERCfSE4l-REVIEW: What caz or can't the following people/animals/thingsdo? Why
or why not? Discussthe topics in small groups and report to the rest of the class.

Exampk: a tiger
Responses:A tiger cankill a waterbuffalo becausea tiger is very strong and'powerful.
A tiger can sleepin the shadeof a tree all day if it rvants to. It doesn't have a
job, and it doesn'tgo to school
A tiger can't speak(a human language). It's an animal.
A tiger cancommunicatewith other tigers. Animals can talk to eachother in
their own languages.

1. the studentsin this class

2. small children
3. a monkey
4. (nameof a chssmate)
5. internationalstudentswho live in (nameo! thiscountry)
6. teenagers
7. peoplewho live in (nameoJthiscity)
8. peoplewho areilliterate
9. money
10. computers
ll. (nameof the teacheroJthis class)
12. (nameof theleaderof thiscountryor your country)

I EXERCISE42-REVIEW: Choosethe correct completion.

1.
'r' ): '
olaya musicalinstrument?
A. Do you can B. Can you C. Do you be able to D. Can you to
I ^^ -'
2. Jackwas sickto go to work ycsterdaymorning. He stnyedhomc.
A. vcry B. cnough i C, l). too much
,,loo
.l
3. IwastoosleePY:' ' ' lastnight.
A. to studying B. for snrdying C. to srudy D. for study

4. (Knoch,hnock.)Hello? , , come in? Thanks.

A. Could I to B. Iflill I C. Can I to D. May I

5. I don't know horv to the Palace Hotel from here.

A. do I gct C. gctting L). to gct

6. Gina ", ' ' , '" i understandthe speakerat the lecture last night.
A. couldn't B. might not C. isn't able to D. can't

7. In my life right norv,I havsI , r"'" '.' problcms. I can't solvcall of thcm.
A. vcry much 13. too nrnny C. too nruch I). vcry

8. I can'trcacllthc cruscron my lricnd'sclcsk.My u.-, ur"rr't | ' t'r' /t1't9 t '7

A. long enough B. too long C. enough long D too much long

t cHAPTER
7

t
314
 9. My unclecan\ ,/f;ro L Engl'sh.
A. to speak I B. spcaking C. speaks D. speak

10. I'm sorry. I can't hear what you're saying. Ui""tJ ft*p""t a little louder?
you ' D. Can
A. May you B. Could C. Don't

11. An encyclopediais too diflicult c

A. for to read a child C; for a child to read
B. to read a child D. to for a child read

12. Rosaworksfor a computercom1any / fr *rrrt.

A. on B. at C. in D. to

43-REVIEW: Correcttheerrors.
I EXERCISE
J"
"-ll
l. My brother wasn't able calling-melast night.

2. Don'Vdinterrupt. It's not polite.

--.//-
3. May I plfie ldbonow your dictionary? Thank you.

+. vle r,N{an go to t}re muserrm tomorrow afternoon.

5. Wecan't count all of the starsin the univer.". Th.r.

"..frr,"ny.
-l,r
6. The diamond ring wasj)-bati'too expensivefor John, L.*-t
I
7 . Canyot/stand on your head?
(-'
8. My son isn't go to school.H"'* onlytple"., otd.
bvt
9, I sawa beautiful vaseat a storeyesterday,but I couldn't ledffit.
! -
/li^Alc
10. Ife havetooga{homewotlyt
c{0.',<-
11. CJosingthe door please. Thank you.
-,..

nBrlrry .
[xPRfs$No 31 5
 I EXERCISE
44-REVIEW: Completethe sentences.
Use the words in parentheses. IJse any
appropriateverb form.

(1) Onceupona time there(be) a mousenamed YoungMouse. He liaed

neara iaer with hisfamily andfriends. Eaeryday heand the other micedid the samethings.

(2) ?ley (hunt) JorJoodand (take) careoJtleir

(3) mouseholes. In the eoening they (listen) to stories around a fire.

YoungMouseespeciallyliked to listen to storiesabouttheFar Away Land. I/e (dream)

(4) about the Far Away Land. It sounded usondedul. One day he

(s) (decide) to go thcrc.

youNc MousE: Goodbye,Old Mouse. I'm leavingnow.

(6) oLD MousE: 'll/hy (you, leaae) ? Where

(7) (you, go)

(8) vorxc uouse: I (go/ to a new and different place. | (go)

/o\ to the Far Awav Land.

(10) oLD MousE: Why (you, want) Go) there?

(11) YOTINC trlOUSP: I (zoazr) (experience)

(r2) all ofllfe. I (need) (learn) about everything.

(13) oLD MousE: Yo,t (can barn) many tlrings if you (stay)

(14) here with us. Please(sray,l here with us.

(1 s ) YoUNG MousE: No,l (can stqL not) here by the

(16) river for the rest of my life. There (be) too much to learn about in
the world. I must go to the Far Away Land.

oLD MousE: The trip to the Far Away Land is a long and dangerousjourney. You (haae)

(17) many problems b efore you (get)

316 t 7
cHAPTER

i
t.
 --.i::\ .:::.:'.Sr':\'.

you\-c .\tousE:I understandrhat,but I need to frnd out about the Far A$a-vl-and'

(l()) (lrilryt:,()lr) 14uu.,g. Qorrdbyc' €veri;one: t hnay see,tw";er1

(ll,) i r r y ( ) l y ( , r tr r r , l r i t r , l r u It / t() rclurn fi0m thc

liur Away Latrd somcday. Coodbycl

SoYolngMottselelttolulltllhistlrcamo|goittgtotluFarAwayl'and.Hisfirstproblem
wastlrcriucr. At theriaer,he tnela Jrog.

(2r) rvrAclcFRoc: Hello, YoungMouse. I'm Magic Frog. (you, haae)

a problemright now?

(22) youN(; Mousli: Yes. l-Iow (1,cun cross) this rivcr?

(23) | (hnoq not) horr to srvim. If I

(24) (cafl cross,not) this

(2s) river,I (be, not)

ableto reachthe Far AwaYLand.

(26) rnoc: I (ftelP)

rvrecrc
you to crossthe river. I (grbe,l

(27) you

the powerof my legsso you (canjunry)

(28) acrossthe rir-er- | (giue'ako)

you a new name. Your new name rvill be Jumping Mouse.

tlousE: Thank you, Magic Frog.

JU.\IILNG

t\tAGIcFRoc: You are a bravemouse,Jumping Mouse, and you havea good heart' If you

(2e) (lose, not) hope, :-ou (reach)

the Far Away Land.

lvith hispowerfulnew legs,Jumping tllouse jumped acrossthe rizser.He traaeledfast lor

a widegrassland, one day lte nzt a buffalo. The buffalowaslying on the
nnny daj)s across
ground.
rVhy (yort' lie*)
MousE: Hello, Buffalo. My name is Jumping Mouse.
JU.\tptNG
(30) on rlre ground? (you' be) ill?

*The -rirg form of ,[z is spelled lying.

ABILIry T
EXPRESSING 3t7
 \\s ,l\i

(31) BttFFALo: Yes. I (cnn see,not) | (drink)

(32) some poisoned water, and nor I (ba)

(33) blind. 7 (die) soon becauseI (canfind, not)

(34) food and water without mv eves.

(3s) JUMIINc MousE: \fhen I started my iourney, Magic Frog (giae)

me her powerful legs so I could jump across the rivcr. What (1,att givc)

(36) you to help you? I know! I (gioe)

(37) you my sight so you can seeto find food and v/ater.

BUFFALo: Are you really going to do that? Jumping Mouse, you are very kind! Ah! Yes,

(38) | (can see) again. Thank you! But now you

(3e) (can see, not) . How (you,find)

(40) the Far Away Land? I know. (ump)

(41) onto my back. | (carry)

you across this land to the foot of the mountain.

JUMPINGMousE: Thank you, Buffalo.

So Juntping Mousefouttd a wa! to reachtlrc mountain. When thcy reachedthe nountain,

Jumping Mouse and Buflalo parted.

(42) BUFFALo: I don't live in the mountains, so I (cango, not)

any farther.

(43) MousE: Vlhat (1, do)

JUMPING ? I (haae)

(44) powerful legs,but I can't see.

318 t 7
cHAPTER
(45) BTTFl'll-I: (keep) your hope alive. You (find)
a way to reach the Far Away [:nd.

Jumping Mouse usasaery afraid, He didn't knou uthat m do. SuddznlyEheatdawog

(46) JUMpINc MousE: Hello? \lolP I (cansee,not)

(47) btttl (can hear)

(48) vor-n: Yes,Jumping Mouse. I'm here,but I (canhelp,not)

(4e) you because I fdle*,)

(s0) IUMPTNGMousE: lvhat's wrong? lfhy (you, ilie)

(sl) wot-r: | (Iose) my senseof smellmany weeksago, so now I

(s2) (canfind, not) food. | (snnn)
(s3) to death.

(s4) MousE: Oh, rVolt I (canhelp)

JUMPTNG you. I (gioe)
/<<\ you my ability to smell.
(s6) wor-n: Oh, thank you, Jumping Mouse. yes,l (cansmell)
again. Now I'll be ableto find food. That is a wonderful gift! How Q, can hetp)
(s7) you?
(s8) Mousn: I frrr,)
JUMPTNG to get to the Far Away I-and.
/ <o\ | (need) ko) to the top of the mountain.
((nD \tt/()l.lti (co tc)
ovcr hcra, | (pn)
(6t) you 0n my truck lnd (ailrcJ you to thc top of the mountain.

*The -irg form of dreis spelled dyurg,

EXPRESSING
ABlUry f 319
 So lVolf cnrried Jurnping Mouse to thc top of tlre ,rtotttttaht, But thcn
LVolfleft. .Imnping
(62) Mouse wasall alone, He (can see,not)

(63) and he (can smell, not) but he stiti had powerful r*,
(64) He almost Qose) hope. Then ntddet y, lu (hear) Magic Frog.

(6s) IUMIING j\rousE: Is that you, Magic Frog? please frzlp,) me. I'm
all alone and afraid.

(66) MAGIc FRoc: (cry, not)

Jumping Mouse. You havea
(67) generous,openheart. You (be,no-t) . selfish. you help
others.Yourunselfishness
causedyou suffering during your journey, but you
(68) ( lose,neter) hope. Now you are in the Far
(6e) Awayl-and,. (jump) Jumping Mouse. (usc,)
your porverfullegs to iump high in the air.
Jurnp! Jump!
JzunpingMousejunped as high as lte could, up, up, up.
He reachedhisarrnsout to his sidesand startedm f],rr..
Hc fch strongandfowe{il.

JUMplNcrrousE: I can fly! I can fly! I (fly)

(70)

MActcntoc: JumpingMousc, I am going to givc yotr ir r.rcwnlmc. Now

yournunrcis l.)aglc!

so Ju,tpitrgMousc becanetrrcpowedur l:tzgb anJ fitrJitte<Ihis clrcuttt,J rcucrring

thc r.br
Away Iand and expericncingall that li[e lns to ol[cr-*

*This fableis basedon a NativeAmedcan

sroryand has been adapted from The Sto4,oJJunqitg Mousev
John Steproe;O Lothrop, Lee & ShepardBooks,198.1.

320 t cHApTERT
 ! EXERCISE45: In groupsol'six, creatc a play using thc story of Jumping Mouse, There will
be five charactcrsin your play: Jumping Mouse, Old Mouse, Magic |rog' Buffalo,
and Volf. In addition, one person in the group will be the narrator. The -narratorwill
tell the parts of the story that arc in ;tolirs in Exercise 44. Rehearseyour play in your
group, and then present the play to the rest of the class.
g.

blotp - bleus heep - hept

dra u,t - dteus hnou - kneus
lall - fell staittt - sutantt
feel - lelt throt$ - threu
gforD - gtert, utin - uon

f EXERCISE46-OML (BOOKS CLOSED): vEnBsin the

Practice using the IRREcULAR
abovelist.

Examplz: Jall-fell Rain fdls. Leaves fall. Sometimes people fall. YesterdayI fell down.
I hurt my knee. How did I hurt my kneeyesterday?
Response:You fell (down).

t. blow-blew The surl shines. Rain falls. $7ind blows. Last weekwe had a storm.
It rained hard, and the wind blew hard. Tell me about the storm last
weeli
2. draw-dreut I drarv once a rveekin art class. Last weekI drew a poruait of myself.
\What did I do in art classlast week?
3. fcel-feh You can feel an obiect. You can alsofeel an emotion or a sensation.
SometimesI feel sleepyin class. I felt tired all day yesterday.How
did I feel yesterday?Horv did you feel yesterday?
4. fall-fell SometimesI fall dorvn. YesterdayI fell down. I felt bad when I fell
dos'n. What happened to me yesterday?
5, gtow-grew Trees grow. Florversgrorv. Vegetablesgrow Usually I grow
vegetablesin m-vgarden,but last year I grew only flowers. Vhat did
I grow in my garden last year?
6. keep-kept Norv I keep my money in (nameof a local banftJ. Last year I kept my
money in (nameof anotherlocalbank). Vhere did I keepmy money
last 1'ear?
7 . knul-knew ( . . . ) knorvs a lot about English grammar. On the grammartestlast
week, s/hekne'rvall the answers.Vhat did ( . . . ) know lastweek?
8. swim-swam I swim in (nameof a lake, sea,ocean,or lacal swimmingpool) every
sur ner. I srvam in (nameoJa lake, sea,ocean,or local swimming
DooDlast sufiuner. What did I do last summer?

EXPRESSING
ABILIry t 32I
 9. tltrow-tlrezp I can hand you this (pieceof chalk)or I can throw it to you. I just
threw this (pieceof chalk)to (. . .). What did I just do?
10. win-won You can win a game or losea game. I-ast weekend(tnme of a local sporu
tzam)won ^ game/matchagainst(zameoJanothertzam). How did
(nameof thebcal spor* uam) dolastweekend? Did they win or lose?

I EXERCISE47: Complete the sentences.Use the past form of the verbs in the list.

blout groz, swrn

draw hurt thrc,!
.fall heel, win
Jecl hnow

l . A : l ) i t l y ( ) uc r r i ( ) yy ( t u r t c n n i sg a r u cw i t l r J a c k i c ' :

B: Yes,but I lost. Jackie

2. A: I-Iow did you brcak your lcg?

B:I down on thc icc on thc sidcwalk.

3. A: Ouch!
B: lWhat'sthe matter?

A: I my finger.
B: How?
A: I pinched it in the door.

4. A: Did you give the box of candy to your girlfriend?

B: No, I didn't. I it and ateit myself.

5. A: That's a nice picture.

B: I agree. Anna it. She'sa good artist.

6. A: Did you havea gardenwhen you lived at home?

B: Yes. I vegetablesand flowers.

7. A: Did you finish the test?

B: No. I didn't haveenoughtime, I all of the answers but I

ran out of time.

8. A: Did you havefun at the beach?

B: Lots of fun. lVe sunbathedand in the ocean.

322 t cHAPTER
7
 9. I burned my finger.
,t\:
B: Did you put ice on it?

1I: No. I on it.

'What's
1 0 . A: the matter? You soundlike you havea frog in your
throat.

B: I think I'm catchine a cold. I

ycsterday,but I don't fecl vcry good today.
'lbmmy?
l l . A : I-low clid you brcak thc window,

B : Vcll, I a ball to Annie, but I

misscd Annie and hit the rvindow instead.

I EXERCISE48: Complete the senrences.Use the past form of the verbs in the list.

begin fly make tafu

break grou Tneet tell
c<ttch hnow sing tlrmo
cost leaue spend wear
fall bse steal win

'When
t. I went to the airport yesterday,I a taxr.

my rvinter jacket yesterday because the rveather was cold.

3 . Tom bought a nciv tic. It a lot becauseit rvasa hand-oainted

silktie.

Laurie doesn'tfeeleood. She a cold a couple of days ago.

5 . Leo could readthe storyeasily.The wordsin *re story rveren't nerv for him. He

the vocabularyin the story.

o- I know Ronald Sawyer.I him at a party a couple of u'eeksago.

7 . My hometownis Ames,Iowa. I up there.

5. I dropped my book. It to the floor.
o Iien couldn't get into his apartment becausehe his keys.
1 0 . rWe a lot of money at the restaurant last nighl The food was
good, but expensive.

1 1 . The baseballplayer the ball to the catcher.

EXPRESSING
ABILIIY ' 323
 12. I wrote a check yesterday. I _ a misuke on the check,so I
tore it up and rvrote another one.

1 3 . Someone my bicycle, so I called the police.

14. Maggie didn't tell a lie. She the truth.

1 5 . Rick his arm when he fell on the ice.

'We
16. were late for the movie, It at 7:00,but we didn't get
there until 7:15.

Ife songsat the party last night and had a good time.

1 8 .I to Chicago last week. The plane was only five

minutes late.

19. My plane at 6:03and arrivedat 8:45.

20. We played a soccer game yesterday. The other team We

lost.

324 t crnpT[R7