JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO

Ecoland Drive, Matina, Davao City

NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM1 (NSTP1)

(CWTS1 Component)

NSTP1-CWTS1 Module

Written and compiled by:

JOHN MARK I. HERNANDEZ, MAT

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 CHAPTER NINE

Environmental/Ecological Management

Introduction
Ecology comes from the Greek word “oikos” or house and “logos” the
study of. It is defined as the scientific study of the interrelationship of plants,
animals and the environment.
The plants and trees in the Philippines forests are the sources ft our
medicines. The seas, rivers and waters are the sources of fish. It is only in the
Philippines where the fish die of old age and yet the country imports sardines.
Some Filipino fishermen still use dynamite in fishing which destroys the
ecological balance of nature. There are other environmental problems that our
world is facing now that would include population growth, pollution of water,
air, land, poverty, waste disposal, deforestation and the loss of species. In this
respect, the Filipino needs a lot education in ecology. Environment Education
had been introduced in the Philippine Educational System for many years, but it
had never been properly and strongly addressed to ensure functional
environmental programs.
In our daily newspapers, it is very alarming to note that there is an
alarming and rapidly deteriorating ecological situation in the country. There is a
continuing rape of our forests and seas, the unabated soil erosion of our
mountains and shores, the destruction of watersheds, the drying up of rivers and
their pollution with harmful chemical. The wanton exploitation of our land and
waters is the “root of many of our economic and political problems”, and a “more
deep-seated crisis” than “political instability, economic decline and a growth in
armed conflict.

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Solid Wastes / Land Pollution
Land pollution refers to the presence of any solid waste in land in such
quality, of such nature and duration and under such conditions that are injurious
to human health and to the existence of plants and animals.
Solid wastes disposal is an issue in all countries. Most countries
produce millions of tons of household wastes and industrial toxic wastes from
factories, industries and hospitals. These wastes pollute the air, soil and water
because most countries and communities do not have safe means of disposing
them.
 When solid wastes are burned, toxic gases spread into the air, causing
air pollution.
 Some wastes are dangerous to public health because acid and non-
decomposable organic materials seep through the soil, thus
contaminating the drinking water and polluting farm lands. Solid wastes
take up space and produce unpleasant smell.

Wastes end up in only three places:

1. Landfills which are sanitarily designed to reduce the amount of waste
that leaks out into the environment. It protects the environment from
pollution and uses the methane produced in the landfill to generate
electricity. Water dissolves pollutants out of the garbage forming a
solution known as leachate.

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 2. Incinerators which reduce solid waste by burning,
however, this is the source of flies, ashes, gases and particulate
matters emitted to the air.
3. Oceans where about 50 million tons of wastes a year are discharged
300 kilometers off-shore. However, disease-causing organisms and
heavy metals have destroyed numerous fish varieties.

Garbology: Garbage Management and Disposal Activities: What the CWTS

Students can do……..
Reuse item whenever possible
Encourage source reduction.
Compost the natural degradable organic wastes
Reuse and recycle plastics.
Reuse returnable and refillable glass bottles
Wash and reuse plastic and silverware plates. Use paper plates
instead of Styrofoam.
Save paper whenever possible, reuse paper bags, use scrap
paper for notes.
Reuse paper or plastic bags
Share newspaper, magazines with others.
Do not use incinerator
Save magazines, Styrofoam and the like for children’s arts.

Nature of Biodegradable and Non-biodegradable Wastes

 Biodegradable Wastes or Organic Wastes such as food wastes,
lawn clippings, plant and animal wastes, and the like are usually
compostable, and can be reused as FEEDS, FERMENTABLES,
FUEL AND FERTILIZERS.
 Non-biodegradable Wastes (such as metals, plastics, glass and
so on) are factory returnable and can serve as potential sources of
livelihood projects ranging from BASKETRY to WOODCRAFT.

The Four R’s of Waste Management: A Guiding Principle

The most cost-effective way to manage waste is to do something at the
source of generation. The sources of generation are the household, office or
institution. Waste Management activities such as sorting of waste and
recovery can be best done at these points. The following are the practical tips
that should be at the core of any ecological waste management:

 REDUCE – avoid wasteful consumption of goods. Begin by asking

the question: “Do I really need it? In doing so, waste can be
minimized and our natural resources can be conserved.
Conservation is like charity that begins at home.
 REUSE – whenever practicable, reuse useful items instead of
throwing them away. It would greatly help if reusable goods are
patronized.

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  RECYCLE – waste cane be a valuable resource. Items that are
useless or of little value to someone who wants to dispose of them
may have significant value to others. The process of sorting out and
using these wastes into something beneficial is called recycling.
 REPAIR – have items repaired to make them functional and
reusable. Avoid throwing them.

Shop Talk – 10 Golden Rules

1. Buy local products.
2. Always take your own shopping bag.
3. Avoid “disposable” items.
4. Buy organically grown fruits and vegetables.
5. Look for minimum packaging.
6. Avoid aerosol sprays.
7. Buy products in reusable and returnable containers.
8. Avoid plastic packaging.
9. Support shops that offer products friendly to the environment.
10. Buy both recycled and recyclable products.

Why Recycle?
1. It saves energy.
2. It saves resources.
3. It saves money.
4. It saves space.
5. It creates jobs.
6. It reduces pollution.

Ref. Microsoft Student with Encarta Premium 2008.

What is the Ecological Solid Wastes Management Act of 2000?

Republic Act of 9003 considers “waste as a resource that can be
recovered,” emphasizing re-cycling, re-use and composting as methods to
minimize and eventually manage the waste program.

 This act aims for the reduction of solid waste through “source
reduction and waste minimization measures including composting,
recycling, re-use, recovery, green charcoal process, and others
before collection, treatment, and disposal in inappropriate and
environmentally sound solid waste management facilities in
accordance with ecologically sustainable development principles”
(Sec. 2 – C)
 It also sets to “ensure the proper segregation, collection, transport,
storage, treatment and disposal of solid waste through the
formulation and adoption of the best environmental practice in
ecological waste management excluding incineration.” (Sec. 2-D)

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 Further, this Act gives strong emphasis
on the role of municipal and local government
units (LGUs). It empowers the LGUs to
create solid waste management
communities even in the barangay level. This
requires the participation of non-
government offices, people’s organizations, church leaders, educators, and other
business and community associations.

Types of Wastes Identified by RA 9003.

1. Solid Wastes – these are all household, commercial wastes, non-

hazardous institutional and industrial wastes, street sweepings,
construction debris, agricultural wastes and other non-hazardous /
nontoxic solid wastes.
2. Special Wastes – these are household hazardous wastes as paints,
thinners, household batteries, lead-acid batteries, spray canisters and the
like. These include wastes from residential and commercial sources that
are composed of bulky wastes, consumer electronics, white goods, yard
wastes that are collected separately, oil and tire. These wastes are usually
handled separately from other residential and commercial wastes.
3. Hazardous Wastes – these are solid, liquid, contained gaseous or
semisolid wastes that may cause or contribute to the increase in mortality,
or in serious or incapacitating reversible illness or acute/chronic effect on
the health of people and other organisms.
4. Infectious Wastes – these are mostly generated by hospitals’ wastes and
mining activities, which contaminate soil, and debris.

Proper Management of Solid Wastes

NABUBULOK NABUBULOK
NABUBULOK
↓ ↓

IBALIK SA INANG LUPA IBALIK SA MGA

PABRIKA
↓
↓
PAG-KOKOMPOS
PAG-RERESIKLO

RESIDUAL
HANAPAN NG MAY PAKINABANG NA PAGLALAGYAN

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BIODEGRADABLE/ NABUBULOK

• Food waste
• Fruit/vegetable peelings
• Seeds
• Bones
• Leaves/ branches
Twigs/ grass cutting

RECYCLABLES / NON-BIO, Which Represents 39% of Our Daily Domestic

Waste.

• Cans/metals
• Glass/bottles
• Plastics/pvc/pet
• Styrofoam
• Rubber
• Dry paper/cardboard
• Dry cloth/fiber
• Inject/cartridge
• Car batteries

RESIDUAL WASTE, which Represents 13% Of Our Daily Domestic Waste.

Residual Waste Are:

Either Retrieved by our Eco-aids or brought to us by accredited

Scavengers.

RESIDUALS
• Zesto pack
• Biscuit wrapper
• Instant mami wrapper
• Candy wrappers
• Sando bags

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CONCLUSION:

Think of all the things you throw away: juice bottles, soda cans, candy

wrappers. It adds up. How much trash do you produce? Americans, for
example, throw away an average of 1 ton of trash per person every year. That’s
2,000 pounds (907 kilograms) of garbage! Most of this trash gets buried in big
holes in the ground called landfills. A lot of this garbage can be recycled, or
turned back into something useful. Just about any material can be recycled. The
main things we recycle today are made from metal, paper, glass, or plastic.

WHY RECYCLE?

Recycle - taking a product or material at the end of

its useful life and turning it into a usable raw material to make
another product. Recycling is a proven way to reduce air and
water pollution, reduce energy consumption and decrease
greenhouse gases emissions linked to global warming. The
glass containing your soda today might be the glass
containing your spaghetti sauce tomorrow. That's because glass, especially glass

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food and beverage containers, can be recycled over and over again. In fact, 90
percent of recycled glass is used to make new containers.
 
Recycling glass saves energy as compared to using raw ingredients to
make new glass. The Glass Packaging Institute notes that energy costs drop
about 2-3% for every 10% of recycled glass used in the manufacturing process.
Besides being cost effective, glass bottle recycling also reduces resource use
and pollution from CO2 emissions.

Manufacturers Need Your Bottles. Beverage

container recycling has been declining in recent years
despite increased public knowledge of the benefits of
recycling. However, the amount of beverage
containers that are being sold and consumed has
increased over time, which means we're disposing of
more material that is needed by manufacturers to
meet single-serving beverage container demand.
When we recycle, glass bottles it goes
from recycling bin to store shelf in as little as 30
days. An estimated 80% of recovered glass
containers are made into new glass bottles.

Recycling Conserves Resources. There

is only a finite amount of resources on this
planet. Although some are renewable, our
demand for resources is very high. By recycling,
we reduce our demand for raw material to make
the products we use. We return valuable
materials back into the economic system,
creating jobs, supporting businesses, and
reducing our rate of resource consumption.
 
Recycling Glass Helps the Environment.

1. Environmental payoffs – Glass is 100% recyclable.  Recycling glass

bottles and jars minimizes consumption of raw materials and lessens
demand for energy. It also keeps this valuable resource out of landfills.
The glass recycling process is a closed-loop system, creating
no additional waste or by-products. For container glass, a relative 10%
increase in cullet reduces particulates by 8%, nitrogen oxide by 4%, and
sulfur oxides by 10%. And, for every six tons of recycled container glass
used, one ton of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, is reduced.
2. Saves raw material - For every ton of glass recycled, over a ton or raw
materials are saved, including 1,300 pounds of sand, 410 pounds of soda
ash, 380 pounds of limestone, and 160 pounds of feldspar.

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 3. Lowers the bottom-line - Using recycled glass can cut overall production
costs by minimizing consumption of raw materials, lowering energy
demands, and extending life of the furnace and other equipment.
4. Reduces landfill dependence -Recycling glass helps to preserve natural
resources while lessening the load on landfills—and helping communities
avoid expensive disposal costs.

Recycling Plastic Helps the Environment.

Recycling one ton of plastic saves 7.4 cubic yards of landfill space.
Recycling a single plastic bottle can conserve enough energy to light a 60-watt
light bulb for up to six hours. Recycled plastic bottles can be made into products
such as clothing, carpeting, detergent bottles and lumber. Producing new plastic
products from recycled materials uses 2/3 less energy and reduces greenhouse
gas emissions.
 
Recycling Metal Helps the Environment
Because metals are somewhat costly to make, they are the world’s most
recycled materials. About two-thirds of all steel is recycled.
Steel cans and scrap steel go to recycling plants where the steel is melted down.
The steel is then treated with chemicals to make it pure again. Finally, it is
formed into sheets or bars. These are shipped to companies that make new cans
and other steel objects.
Almost all beverage cans are made of aluminum. Americans recycle about
one-third of their used aluminum cans. Empty cans are sent to special factories.
There, they are cleaned, melted, and rolled into new sheets of aluminum.

Recycling Paper Helps the Environment

We use lots of paper—mostly in the form of newspapers, magazines, and
cardboard boxes. In fact, paper takes up more space in landfills than any other
material. Old paper can be shredded and made into new paper. Americans
recycle a little more than one-third of their paper trash. New paper is made from
trees. Each ton of recycled paper saves about 17 trees!

HAZARDOUS WASTES
Some wastes cannot be thrown into landfills. They are too dangerous and
must be recycled or disposed of in special ways. Hazardous wastes include
paint, antifreeze, medical wastes, and old tires. The most commonly recycled
hazardous wastes are cleaning fluids and used motor oil.

http://
www.vegasgoesgreen.com/Why%20Recycle.htm

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 ACTIVITY

Name:____________________________________ Date: __________

Instruction:
1. As a student of CWTS, how can you be of help to your community in
preserving nature? Give at least 5 ways.
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2. What are the effects of environmental destruction on the lives of the

Filipino People? Enumerate at least 5 effects.

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