E Tortang 17maj FL
E Tortang 17maj FL
jel:
TÖRTÉNELEM
ANGOL NYELVEN
EMELT SZINTŰ
ÍRÁSBELI VIZSGA
2017. május 10. 8:00
I.
Időtartam: 100 perc
Pótlapok száma
Tisztázati
Piszkozati
Important information
Good luck!
“What with jurors' wages and other fees and largesses, [Pericles] bribed the multitude
by the wholesale, and used them in opposition to the Council of the Areiopagus. Of
this body he himself was not a member, […] since he never [became] an archon. […]
These offices in the Areiopagus were in ancient times filled by those who had been
confirmed as an archon. For this reason all the more did Pericles, strong in the
affections of the people, break the power of the Council […] and rob it of its jurisdiction
in the most important cases. He also exiled Cimon, on the charge of being a lover of
Sparta and a hater of the people […] although he was a man who yielded to none in
wealth and lineage and who had won most glorious victories over the Barbarians, and
had filled the city full of money and spoils.” (Plutarch)
a) Why did Pericles not become a member of the Areiopagus? Circle the letter of the
correct answer.
1. Because membership was dependent on ancestry and he was not sufficiently high-born.
2. Because he was not popular enough to be elected as a member of the council.
3. Because archons were chosen by lot and he was not lucky.
4. Because Cimon, his political opponent, prevented him.
b) Use the appropriate term to name the body that took over the authority of the
Areiopagus mentioned in the source text.
……………………………………………….
c) The source makes reference to Cimon’s removal. Use the term that is exclusive to that
period of the history of Athens and defines this method of removing political players.
……………………………………………….
d) In which century did the events described in the source take place?
……………………………
4 points
a) “But the workshop in which we perform all these works with diligence is the
enclosure of the monastery, and stability in the community.”
„Az a műhely pedig, ahol mindezt szorgosan gyakorolhatjuk, a monostor zártsága és
az állhatatos megmaradás a közösségben.”
b) “[…] when they travel about the world, they […] should be gentle, peaceful and
unassuming, courteous and humble, speaking respectfully to all as is fitting. […]
Whatever house they enter, they are first to say, "Peace to this house." According to
the holy gospel they can eat whatever food is set before them.”
„[…] mikor a világban járnak […] legyenek szelídek, békességszerzők és szerények;
kedvesek és alázatosak, s nyíltan szóljanak mindenkihez, ahogyan illik. […] Ha
valamilyen házba bemennek, először ezt mondják: Békesség e háznak. És a szent
evangélium szerint minden ételből ehetnek, amit eléjük tesznek.”
c) “[…] to observe the holy gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ, living in obedience without
anything of our own, and in chastity.”
„[…] kövessék a mi Urunk Jézus Krisztus szent evangéliumát és éljenek
engedelmességben, tulajdon nélkül és tisztaságban.”
d) “No one may presume to give or receive anything […]; nor to have anything
whatever as his own, neither a book, nor a writing tablet, nor a pen, nor anything else
whatsoever.”
„Senki se merészeljen […] bármit is adni vagy elfogadni, vagy bármit is sajátjaként
bírni; egyáltalán semmit sem: se könyvet, se írótáblát, se íróvesszőt, tehát igazán
semmit se.”
e) “In the first place love the Lord God with your whole heart, whole soul, your whole
strength. Then, love your neighbour as yourself. Then, do not kill. Do not commit
adultery. Do not to steal. Do not covet.”
„Először is: szeresd az Úristent, teljes szívből, teljes lélekből és teljes erődből. Aztán
felebarátodat, mint önmagadat. Továbbá: ne ölj. Házasságot ne törj. Ne lopj. Bűnös
vágyaid ne legyenek.”
f) g)
h)
4 points
1. 2.
He invites Bohemian miners
to the country.
3.
Mining expands.
4.
5. 6.
He loses revenue that resulted Trade activity increases.
from money debasement.
7. 8.
He introduces a new tax. Customs revenues grow.
a) What measure is missing in box no. 2 in the chart? Write your answer on the dotted line.
(1 point)
……………………………………………………………………………………………...........
b) What measure is missing in box no. 4 in the chart? Write your answer on the dotted line.
(1 point)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
d) The text in which box refers directly to the “thirtieth”? (0.5 points)
The number of the box: …………..
e) The text in which box refers to the hospes? (0.5 points) The number of the box: …………..
4 points
4 This task is about the wars between the great powers of the 18th century.
Use the source and your own knowledge to complete the tasks.
Complete the table using the map and your own knowledge. Write into the table the letters
of the appropriate pairs of symbols, the numbers of the appropriate provinces and the names
of those provinces. There is one extra number and letter. (Score 0.5 points for each correct
item.)
g) Name the two great powers that fought each other in the two wars in this task, but
became allies in the third one.
………………………………………….. …………………………………………..
4 points
5 This task is about the resettlements in Hungary in the 17th and 18th centuries.
Use the sources and your own knowledge to complete the tasks.
“Normally, the houses and plots [i.e. the settlers] must be exempted from paying any
taxes and performing corvée services for a few years. […] It must also be clearly stated
that these subjects and peasants are not bound to land, […] but free men with the right
to […b)…] as defined by this country’s laws, and they must remain so. While all others
are considered equal, the […d)…], especially those from Your Majesty’s […] hereditary
lands, must be given precedence by both commoners and persons of higher standing
to […] temper […] the Hungarian blood which is inclined to unrest and revolutions.”
(Leopold Kollonich’s proposal to the court, 1689)
„A házakat és a telkeket [értsd: a betelepülőket] általában néhány évre fel kell menteni
minden adó és robot alól. […] Azt is világosan ki kell mondani, hogy ezek az alattvalók
és parasztok nem földhöz kötöttek, […] hanem szabad emberek, a hazai törvényekben
megállapított […b)…] joggal, és azoknak is kell maradniuk. Miközben a többieket
egyformának tekintjük, mindig a […d)…]-eket/-okat, különösen a császári felséged
[…] örökös tartományaiból származókat közemberek és magas rangú személyiségek
mások elé kötelesek helyezni, hogy […] a forradalmakra és nyugtalanságra hajlamos
magyar vért […] lehessen mérsékelni.” (Kollonich Lipót javaslata az udvar számára, 1689)
a) To whom did the serfs owe both of the services mentioned in the text? Circle the number
of the correct answer. (0.5 points)
1. the church
2. the landowner
3. the monarch
b) What phrase marked by the letter b) is missing in the text? (0.5 points)
………………………………………………………………..
c) What special preference, which is not mentioned in the text, was offered as assistance
to the settlers? (1 point)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………...
d) The name of which nationality, marked by the letter d), is missing from the text? (0.5
points)
………………………………………………………………..
e) Peasants of primarily which denomination did the author intend to resettle in Hungary?
(0.5 points)
………………………………………………………………..
f) The successes of what war might have motivated the author of the source text to write
it? (1 point)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………...
4 points
6 This task is about the different impacts of the industrial revolutions on people’s lifestyle.
Use the sources and your own knowledge to complete the tasks.
“At the beginning of the 20th century there were about 200,000 horses in New York;
that is, one horse for every seventeen people. […] The horse-drawn carts caused
continual traffic congestion and when a horse had an accident, it was often slaughtered
on the spot. This led to further delays. […] The noise caused by the metal-rimmed
wheels and the horseshoes was so great […] that many cities banned the movement of
horses in the vicinity of hospitals and other sensitive neighbourhoods. […] In the year
1900, two hundred New Yorkers lost their lives in accidents caused by horses; that is,
one in every 17,000. In 2007, 247 people died in car accidents; that is, one in every
30,000. This means that a New Yorker was twice as likely to die in an accident caused
by a horse in 1900 than one caused by a car today. […] An average horse produces 12
kilos of manure a day. Making a calculation based on 200,000 horses, this comes to a
total of 2.5 million kilos of manure. […] It served as breeding ground for billions of
flies, which then spread some fatal diseases.” (From a work by economists Steven D. Levitt
and Stephen J. Dubner)
„A XX. század fordulóján 200 ezer ló élt New Yorkban, azaz minden 17 emberre jutott
egy ló. […] A lóvontatású kocsik állandó forgalmi dugókat okoztak, és ha egy ló
balesetet szenvedett, gyakran helyben levágták. Ez további késlekedéshez vezetett.
[…] A vasborítású kerekek és patkók zaja olyan nagy volt […], hogy több város
megtiltotta a lóforgalmat a kórházak és más érzékeny területek környékén. […] 1900-
ban 200 New York-i lakos vesztette életét ló okozta balesetben, azaz minden 17 ezredik
ember. 2007-ben 274-en haltak meg autóbalesetben, minden 30 ezredik lakos. Ez azt
jelenti, hogy egy New York-i kétszer olyan valószínűséggel halt meg ló okozta
balesetben 1900-ban, mint autóbalesetben napjainkban. […] Egy átlagos ló 12 kiló
trágyát produkál naponta. 200 ezer lóval számolva ez majdnem 2,5 millió kiló trágya.
[…] Legyek milliárdjainak kínált szaporodási lehetőséget, melyek aztán halálos
betegségeket terjesztettek.” (Steven D. Levitt és Stephen J. Dubner közgazdászok művéből)
a) Contemporaries expected the appearance of cars to solve some problems. State each
favourable impact using the explanations given below.
b) Explain how biofuel causes problems today that are similar to those described in the
source text below. (1 point)
“Rats and other pests were swarming on the dung-hills to find undigested oats and
other cereals – produce which was becoming increasingly expensive for human
consumption due to the rising demand for use by the horses.” (From a work by
economists Steven D. Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner, 2005)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
3 points
7 This task is about the debates in connection with the Austro-Hungarian compromise.
Use the sources and your knowledge to complete the tasks. (Score 1 point for each correct
item.)
A) “The laws of 1848 and the system that had been established at the time were later
the targets of attacks. […] Kossuth […] held on and hoped. […] The bold line was
followed by doom and failure and nineteen years of suffering for our poor country.
True, this failure was not without its glory, but a peaceful compromise […] will show
that our nation can be just as imperious in politics as it was on the battlefield.” (Ferenc
Pulszky, 1867)
„Azon törvények, amelyek 1848-ban alkottattak, s azon rendszer, mely akkor
megállapíttatott, később élesen lőn megtámadva. […] Kossuth […] bízott, s remélt. […]
A merész politikát sikertelenség követte és bukás és tizenkilenc évi szenvedése
szegény hazánknak. Igaz, hogy ezen bukás nem volt dicstelen, de a békés kiegyenlítés
[…] megmutatja, hogy nemzetünk szintoly erélyes tud lenni a politika terén, mint
hősies a harc mezején.” (Pulszky Ferenc, 1867)
B) “It is our unshakeable conviction that Austria without us, or we without Austria,
could only support ourselves in terrible subjugation and humility or not at all. Because
Kossuth is truly right when he says that no nation in the Danube valley is strong
enough on its own to avoid the shackles or at least the leash of its greater neighbours.”
(Zsigmond Kemény, 1867)
„Mélyen át vagyunk hatva azon meggyőződéstől, hogy Ausztria nélkülünk, hogy mi
Ausztria nélkül vagy általában nem, vagy csak nagy alárendeltség és megaláztatások
közt tarthatnók fenn magunkat. Mert abban csakugyan igaza van Kossuthnak, hogy a
Duna völgyében külön egyik nemzet sem elég erős arra, nagy szomszédainak vagy
bilincsét, vagy legalább pórázát állandóan ne érezze.” (Kemény Zsigmond, 1867)
C) “Who will vouch for it that as soon as foreign affairs take a favourable turn for the
chamber [read: the royal court], this whole current “constitutional” status […] will not
be relegated to past history? […] Parliamentarianism, in the sincere sense of the word,
may only exist where everything is subject to the rule of law, including the army, the
bank and diplomacy.” (Gyula Schvarcz, 1870)
„Ki biztosít, hogy, amint a külviszonyok a kamarillára [értsd: az udvari körökre]
nézve kedvezőbbekké változtak, nem fog-e az egész mostani „alkotmányos” állapot
[…] ismét a történelem körébe utasíttatni? […] Parlamentarizmus a szó jóhiszemű
értelmében csak ott létezhetik, hol a törvény uralmának minden, tehát még
a hadsereg, a bank és a diplomácia is alávetve vagyon.” (Schvarcz Gyula, 1870)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
c) Name the idea that appeared under Kossuth’s name and that source B) refers to?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
d) Give the generic term for the element of the compromise that the underlined phrase in
source C) refers to.
…………………………………………………..
4 points
Select the statement which is true about the phenomenon illustrated by the photo below.
Circle the letter of the appropriate answer.
1. As a result of the crisis, share prices started to fall and huge numbers of speculators started
buying shares.
2. As a result of the crisis, share prices started to fall and huge numbers of investors tried to sell
their shares.
3. People blamed stock exchange speculation for the outbreak of the crisis, and this resulted in
demonstrations outside the building of the stock exchange demanding the resignation of the
government.
b) Unemployed men in Chicago, 1930 (The text on the advertisements in Hungarian: “Tisztes
munkát keresek…”)
1. The dust storms of the 1930s destroyed the agriculture of the prairie belt, and the decrease in
production was one of the factors that triggered the crisis.
2. The dust storms of the 1930s destroyed the agriculture of the prairie belt, which prevented
the mechanisation of this sector.
3. The dust storms of the 1930s destroyed the agriculture of the prairie belt, which further
exacerbated the farmers’ situation.
d) A line outside a soup kitchen in America, 1937 (The text of the poster in Hungarian: “A világ
legmagasabb életszínvonala. Nincs különb, mint az amerikai út.”)
1. The Great Depression affected the black population of the United States acutely, which
triggered the civil rights movement.
2. The Great Depression affected the black population of the United States acutely, as they were
even less likely to find a job than their white peers due to the increasing unemployment.
3. The Great Depression affected the black population of the United States acutely, as slavery
had been abolished only thirty years before.
e) Use the source below to decide which two statements are correct reflections of Keynes’
idea. Circle the numbers of the correct solutions.
“If the Treasury were to fill old bottles with banknotes, bury them at suitable depths
in disused coalmines which are then filled up to the surface with town rubbish, and
leave it to private enterprise […] to dig the notes up again […], the real income of the
community, and its capital wealth also, would probably become a good deal greater
than it actually is.” (Keynes, an English economist)
According to Keynes…
B) “In the domed hall of the Parliament, the National Council declared the republic.
The peasants, workers and soldiers who were present and dressed in rags and wearing
red armbands lent a revolutionary aspect to the session.” (From a diary)
„A Parlament épületének kupolacsarnokában a Nemzeti Tanács kikiáltotta a
köztársaságot. A jelenlévő parasztok, munkások, rongyos egyenruhába öltözött, vörös
szalagokat viselő katonák forradalmi arculatot kölcsönöztek az ülésnek.” (Naplórészlet)
C) “At the peace conference […] it was decided […] that […] it was advisable to create
a neutral zone between the Hungarians and the Romanians, where neither Hungarian
nor Romanian soldiers may enter and the principal points of which will be occupied
by allied troops.” (A memorandum from the peace conference)
„A békekonferencián […] elhatározták, […] hogy […] tanácsos a magyarok és
románok között egy semleges zónát létesíteni, amelyben sem magyar, sem román
katona nem lehet, amelynek azonban fontosabb pontjait szövetséges csapatok fogják
megszállni.” (A békekonferencia jegyzéke)
D) “I drove a stake into the earth in Kápolna, which had been in my family’s
possession for centuries, in the place where the plot of the first man on the list of the
agrarian proletarians who were claiming land started. I was satisfied. The order of
things had been restored.” (From a diary)
„A kápolnai földbe, amely évszázadok óta a családom birtoka volt, karót vertem arra
a helyre, ahol a földet igénylő agrárproletárok listáján szereplő első ember parcellája
kezdődött. Elégedett voltam. A dolgok rendje helyreállt.” (Naplórészlet)
a) Establish the chronological order of the events described in the source texts. Write the
letters of the sources into the appropriate boxes in the table. Start with the earliest event. (1
point)
1. 2. 3. 4.
b) Name the author of sources B) and D), who was prime minister at the time of the event
described in source B) and then president of the republic during the period described in
source D). Put the person’s first name as well. (0.5 points)
…………………………………….
c) The republic mentioned in source B) was officially a people’s republic. Circle the
number of the correct justification. (0.5 points)
d) (Apart from the change in the form of government) what significant constitutional
change did the declaration of the republic constitute? (1 point)
………………….………………………………………………………………………………..
e) Name the Commissar of Foreign Affairs, mentioned in source text A), who was in reality
the leader of the Soviet Council. Write the person’s first name as well. (0.5 points)
…………………………………….
f) The example of which country did the authors of source A) follow? (0.5 points)
……….………………………..
g) Name two European powers which belonged to the group of “allies” mentioned in
source text C) and in theory could have sent occupying forces. (Score 0.5 points for each
correct answer.)
……….……………………….. ……….………………………..
5 points
A) “The […] activities of the Community include […]: a) the cancellation of export and
import duties and any limitations regarding the quantity of goods and other similar
measures between member states; b) the establishment of common customs tariffs and
a common trade policy regarding third countries; c) the abolition of all obstacles to the
free movement of goods, persons, services and capital between member states.”
(Intergovernmental treaty)
B) “We are witnesses to a wonderful moment: Hungary has returned to Europe and
the values that it has cherished for a thousand years. […] Europe is brilliant
opportunity, a great chance. Neither more, nor less. […] And Hungarian talent and
Hungarian people can transform this opportunity into a miracle.” (A prime minister’s
speech)
C) “The French government proposes that the whole of Franco-German coal and steel
production is joined in an organisation under a common authority, which is open to
the participation of other states of Europe.” (A proposal by the French foreign minister)
D) E)
Glossary:
Európai unió: European Union
Európai közösségek (gazdasági unió): European Communities
(economic union)
Közösségi döntéshozatal: common decision-making
Közös kül- és biztonságpolitika: common foreign and security policy
Kormányközi együttműködés: intergovernmental cooperation
Bel- és igazságügyi együttműködés: cooperation in justice and internal affairs
G) “The League of Nations didn’t fail because of its basic principles or ideas. What
caused its failure was that the countries that founded the League of Nations gave up
these principles. […] On the road to reviving the European family, the first step must
be the alliance of France and Germany. […] Europe cannot be revived without an
intellectually great France and an intellectually great Germany.” (A speech by a British
politician)
H)
The British prime minister signs the accession treaty to the European Economic Community
4 points
11 This task is about the economic policy of the Rákosi era. (complex test question)
Use the sources and your own knowledge to complete the tasks.
A) B)
C) D)
Match the quotes below to the posters that represent the same economic policy objective
or result. There is one extra poster.
a) “The implementation of the 1950 national economic plan must serve the
development of our defensive power and security.” (A party decree, 1950)
„Az 1950. évi népgazdasági terv végrehajtásának szolgálnia kell honvédelmünk,
véderőnk fejlesztését.” (Párthatározat, 1950)
b) “On the occasion of comrade Stalin’s 72nd birthday, [a] Stakhanovite [model] worker
of the Hofherr tractor factory offered on behalf of his brigade to reduce waste to 0.2%
by January 1st on top of their previous offer of 0.6%. By comrade Stalin’s birthday, [a]
Stakhanovite […] will reduce tool wear by 3%.” (Mood report, 1951)
„A Hofherr traktorgyárban [egy] sztahanovista [élmunkás] felajánlotta, hogy Sztálin
elvtárs 72. születésnapjára az ezelőtt tett vállalásán kívül brigádja az eddig 0,6%-os
selejtjét január 1-jére 0,2%-ra csökkenti. [Egy] sztahanovista, Sztálin elvtárs
születésnapjáig […] a szerszámfogyasztást 3%-kal csökkenti.” (Hangulatjelentés, 1951)
c) “Since 1949, more than 1.5 million acres of land have been offered.” (A publication of
the Central Statistical Office, 1953)
„1949 óta több mint másfél millió hold szántót ajánlottak fel. ” (A Központi Statisztikai
Hivatal kiadványa, 1953)
d) Members of which two social groups appear on the posters? (Score 0.5 points for each
correct item.)
……………………………………………. …………………………………………….
e) The message of which poster is contradicted by the fact that in 1951 temporary
rationing was introduced? (0.5 points)
f) Give the technical term for the economic policy objective that the poster marked with
the letter A) served. (1 point)
…………………………………………….
g) Give the technical term or another expression for the “handing over of goods”
mentioned on the poster marked with the letter C). (1 point)
…………………………………………….
h) Explain why people didn’t happily participate in “handing over goods”. (1 point)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
i) What development in international politics may have had an effect on the party decree
in part a) of this task? (1 point)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
j) Among other things, the text in part c) also states that “In some industrial regions,
agriculture became almost totally depopulated.” Explain a characteristic economic cause
of this. (1 point)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
8 points
12 This task is about the social changes that occurred in Hungary in recent decades.
Use the data in the chart and your own knowledge to complete the tasks. (Score 0.5 points
for each correct item.)
Glossary:
Aktív kereső: Active earner
Munkanélküli: Unemployed
Inaktív kereső: Inactive earner
Eltartott: Dependant
Which period are the statements in the table typical of? Put an X in the correct column of
the table. Put only one X in one row.
c) Among the factors listed below, which two may have played a role in the changing
number of active earners between 1990 and 2001? Circle the numbers of the two correct
answers.
Among people aged between 20 and 29, the proportion of active earners fell from 75% to
58% between 1990 and 2001. In connection with this, decide if the statements in the table
below are true or false. Mark your answers by putting a X in the appropriate column of
the table.
3 points
score
maximum achieved
1. Ancient Athens 4
2. Mediaeval religious orders 4
3. The reforms of Charles (Robert) I 4
4. Power relations between 18h-century great powers 4
5. Resettlements in the 17th and 18th centuries 4
6. The consequences of the industrial revolution 3
I. Simple 7. The debate about the compromise 4
short answer
tasks 8. World economic crisis 3
9. Hungary, 1918-19 5
10. European integration 4
11. The economic policy of the Rákosi era 8
12. Hungarian society today 3
Total 50
I. Achieved points, rounded up
pontszáma egész
számra kerekítve
programba
elért
beírt
I. Egyszerű, rövid választ igénylő feladatok
dátum dátum
Megjegyzések:
1. Ha a vizsgázó a II. írásbeli összetevő megoldását elkezdte, akkor ez a táblázat és az aláírási rész
üresen marad!
2. Ha a vizsga az I. összetevő teljesítése közben megszakad, illetve nem folytatódik a II. összetevővel,
akkor ez a táblázat és az aláírási rész kitöltendő!
TÖRTÉNELEM
ANGOL NYELVEN
EMELT SZINTŰ
ÍRÁSBELI VIZSGA
2017. május 10. 8:00
II.
Időtartam: 140 perc
Pótlapok száma
Tisztázati
Piszkozati
Important information
Try to be concise when giving your answers, and do not use more space than is
provided by the dotted lines.
Please write in blue ink.
Good Luck!
The short task on world history and the long task on Hungarian history must be about different
periods. (In the chart, the periods are separated by a double line.)
After studying the tasks circle the numbers of the ones you have chosen.
You can find the four options in the following table. Mark your choice by putting an X in
the appropriate row. Mark only one of the options.
Check your choices by filling in the following chart.
13, 16 and 18
14, 15 and 17
14, 15 and 18
Write only about the three topics you have chosen. Write your answers on the dotted lines
after the appropriate type of task.
You are allowed to prepare rough copies for your essays.
You can find the evaluation criteria at the end of each task. The assessor will enter the
achieved scores.
“A beautiful engraved gold cup, a gold ring with a beautiful coloured precious stone,
which has an octagonal seal with a coat-of-arms, but the coat-of-arms is not to have a
grille, but should be open.” (The regulations about the masterpiece of the goldsmiths of
Debrecen)
„Egy szép öszvejáró aranyos kupa, egy aranygyűrű, szép drága szinös kűvel [színes
kővel], mely nyolc szegű és helymős [címeres] pecsét, de nem rostélyos és nyitott
helymős legyen.” (A debreceni ötvös céh szabályzata a mesterremekről)
“Master Ailff shall provide for my son during these eight years. […] Further, if my son
Toenis should die in the first of these eight years, Master Ailff shall be obliged to return
some of the sixteen gold pieces that I gave him as an advance. If, however, my son
Toenis should die just one day after the first year is up, then the aforementioned
Master Ailff shall not owe me or my heirs anything.” (Apprenticeship contract from
Cologne)
„Ailff mester köteles fiamat e nyolc év folyamán eltartani. […] Továbbá, amennyiben
Toenis fiam az említett nyolc év első évében meghalna, Ailff mester köteles abból a
tizenhat aranyból visszaadni, amit neki előlegbe adtam. Ha azonban ugyanez a Toenis
fiam akár csak egy nappal is az első év befejezése után halna meg, akkor az említett
Ailff mester sem nekem, sem örököseimnek egy fillért sem tartozik visszaadni.”
(Inasszerződés Kölnből)
14 This task is about the history of Germany in the 19th century. (short)
Use the sources and your own knowledge to explore what geographical, social and
economic policy related causes led to Germany’s rise to great power status. Use the
secondary school historical atlas.
“Art. 1 The opportunity to engage in industrial activity is open to everyone, unless the
law specifies any exceptions of restrictions. If a person is entitled to engage in
industrial activity at present, he may not be deprived of this right because he does not
fulfil the requirements of this present law.
Art. 2 The differentiation between urban and rural areas regarding industrial activity
is abolished.
Art. 3 Parallel engagement in several industrial activities and engagement in one
activity at several locations are authorised. The artisan may sell other than his own
products.
Art. 4 The guilds and commercial societies may not prohibit the engagement in
industrial activity by anyone.” (The industrial regulations of the North German
Confederation, 1869)
„1. § Az iparűzés mindenki számára megengedett, hacsak törvény nem ír elő kivételt
vagy korlátozást. Ha valaki jelenleg jogosult valamely ipar űzésére, az ettől nem
fosztható meg azért, mert nem tesz eleget jelen törvény rendelkezéseinek.
2. § A különbségtétel város és vidék között az iparűzés tekintetében megszűnik.
3. § Engedélyezett többféle iparág egyidejű űzése, illetve azonos iparág űzése több
helyszínen. A kézműves nem csak saját készítésű áruját árulhatja.
4. § A céhek és kereskedelemi társaságok senkit sem tilthatnak el valamely ipar
űzésétől.” (Az Észak-német Szövetség iparszabályzata, 1869)
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Maximum Achieved
Criteria
points
Understanding of the task 2
15 This task is about the history of Hungary in the 16th century. (long)
Use the sources and your own knowledge to present the struggle between János Szapolyai
and Ferdinand I and the split of the country into three parts. Use the secondary school
historical atlas.
“As you lost your excellent prince in his prime, you have the majestic Ferdinand […]
archduke of Austria, our beloved brother, who, both as natural inheritance and by the
strength of earlier contracts and treaties inherited those countries, he who never fails
to honour the obligations of a good prince […], and whom we have never failed in our
strength, authority or even our very person, […] as much as the immensity of the task
allows, we are preparing our own strength and the strength of our subjects to drive
the Turks away from your gates as soon as possible, and, with the help of God, keep
them away from your borders.”
(A letter to the Hungarian estates by Emperor Charles V, 1526)
„Mert ha kitűnő fejedelmeteket élete s ereje virágában elvesztettétek, ott van a fenséges
Ferdinánd […] ausztriai főherceg úr, a mi kedves öcsénk, ki azon országokat mind
természetes örökség jogán, mind a korábbi szerződések és egyezségek erejével
öröklötte, ki soha semmit el nem mulaszt, mi egy jó fejedelem kötelessége […], és akit
mi, erőnkkel, tekintélyünkkel, sőt saját személyünkkel soha el nem hagyunk, […] s
magunk és alattvalóink erejét arra kezdjük előkészíteni, hogy, amennyiben a dolog
nagyságához képest lehet, a törököt rövid időn belül, s gyorsan elverjük küszöbötök
elől, sőt, ha Isten segít, határszéleitektől is távol tartsuk.”
(V. Károly császár levele a magyar rendekhez, 1526)
Sultan Suleiman’s gift to János Szapolyai in 1529 (Detail from a Turkish miniature)
“As His Majesty King John has no wife or children, if God calls him away from this
earthly world, […] he agreed that after his death, even if he has a son, the whole of the
Hungarian empire with all its countries, provinces and vassals and his royal
prerogative in its entirety will be bequeathed to us [to Ferdinand] or, if we should die,
to our son, whom the country will be obliged to elect as its king by common consent.”
(Excerpts from the Treaty of Várad, 1538)
„Minthogy pedig felséges János királynak most sem felesége, sem gyermekei
nincsenek, ha Isten kiszólítaná ez árnyékvilágból, […] beleegyezett abba, hogy halála
után, még ha volna is fia, az egész magyar birodalom összes országaival,
tartományaival s alávetett részeivel s a királyi jog egész teljességével mi reánk
[Ferdinándra], vagy ha mi időközben meghalnánk, fiunkra szálljon és maradjon, akit
az ország köteles lesz közös megegyezéssel királlyá választani.” (Részlet a váradi
egyezményből, 1538)
“The Turks, attacking from two directions, were killing the panic-stricken Germans
and Hungarians, and Kassim’s [bey] fleet was also inflicting severe damage on them
from Csepel island. The German fleet made a lucky escape by moving upstream […]
towards Komárom. The army of Buda was surrounded and massacred with the
exception of those whose favourable aspect or strength promised that they would be
good for slaves and who, throwing their weapons away, surrendered and exchanged
their life with what is worse than death: slavery. They numbered about three thousand
German infantrymen, who were surrounded and captured after they had run to and
gathered on Saint Gellért’s Hill.” (Historiographer Miklós Istvánffy about a campaign in
1541 by Ferdinand’s army)
16 This task is about the history of Hungary in the Kádár era. (long)
Use the sources and your own knowledge to present social policy in the Kádár era. In your
answer also mention educational and cultural policy.
1960 7.6%
1970 13.7%
1980 19.2%
1990 24.3%
The proportion of people receiving a pension out of the total population of Hungary, 1960-
1990
“At their specific level, educational institutions must provide the socialist, intellectual
and emotional, education of all students, the conditions for the attainment of general
and professional knowledge in harmony with the development of society, and the up-
to-date training that scientific and technological advances necessitate.
In order for all young people to equally benefit from their right to an education, the
state, with the effective assistance of society, supports the further education of the
children of physical workers and devotes special attention to the elimination of any
circumstances that may hinder the uninterrupted studies of disadvantaged young
people.” (Act 4 of 1971 on the youth)
“If I consider all the damage that a single person, and one who is not even in the
highest echelons, caused or intended to cause to my career (and not just out of sheer
insensitivity), I can imagine how lesser known beginners can be forever excluded from
literary life. I have memories from the time I worked as a translator [in the early 1950s]
of how much bitterness a proofreader’s malevolence could cause. True, in recent times
I have had proofreaders who handle me with kid gloves and warn me whimpering
about sensitive passages, so, mindful of how difficult their situation is, I immediately
sacrifice the text in question.” (Author László Németh, 1962)
„Ha lajstromba veszem a kárt, amit egyetlen s nem is a legmagasabb beosztásban lévő
ember tett s akart tenni (s nem is egyszerű érzéketlenségből) munkásságomban, el
tudom képzelni, hogy kevésbé számon tartott, kezdő embereket mint lehet az
irodalomból örökre kitaposni. Hogy a lektori rosszindulat hova keserítheti az embert,
arról fordító koromból [az 1950-es évek első feléből] vannak emlékeim. Újabban, igaz,
kesztyűs kezű, finom lektoraim vannak, akik szinte szűkölve figyelmeztetnek egy-egy
kényes helyre, úgyhogy kétfelől szorongatott helyzetükre gondolva, azonnal föl is
áldozom.” (Németh László író, 1962)
The number of the chosen long task about the history of Hungary: ……
Your answer:
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Maximum Achieved
Criteria
points
Understanding of the task 2
L1 2
Location: space and time
L2 2
C1 2
Communication and use
C2 2
of special vocabulary
C3 2
S1 3
Acquisition of S2 3
information and use of
sources S3 3
S4 3
E1 3
Describing the reasons
E2 3
behind an event; critical
and problem-centred
E3 3
approach
E4 3
Total 36
Divided by 2
Exam points 18
17 This task is about the period of the history of Hungary stretching from the reform
period to the dual monarchy. (complex – covering several periods)
Use the sources and your own knowledge to present Hungarian policy concerning ethnic
minorities in the reform period, during the 1848-49 revolution and freedom fight and the
period of the dual monarchy.
In your answer mention the following points:
the situation of ethnic groups in Hungary and its changes
the reform opposition’s concept of the nation and ethnic policy
the Hungarian governments and ethnic groups in 1848-49
the ethnic policy of the Hungarian governments of the period of the dual monarchy
Observe the chronological order of events in your answer.
“I will never forget the pale Croat who, during a tempestuous session, stood
motionless at his seat for an hour and a half surrounded by howling protestation, and
continued with his speech in Latin every time that there was a short pause.” (From the
memoirs of Imre Fest about the diet of 1843-44)
„Sohasem fogom elfelejteni a sápadt horvátot, aki egy viharos ülésen, ordítozó
tiltakozások közt másfél órán keresztül mozdulatlanul állt a helyén, és a rövid
szünetekben mindig tovább folytatta latin beszédét.” (Fest Imre visszaemlékezése az
1843–44-es országgyűlésre)
“We […] say this: we offer to you [the ethnic groups] the freedom of thought, justice,
legislation, and land; we offer to you a constitutional bourgeoisie, the political
existence of your ethnic groups and all the goods that this country provides for its
citizens and in return we wish for nothing else, but that you love and join us in
defending the country that hereby takes you as her own child and the nation that gifts
you with political adulthood.” (Lajos Kossuth, 1847)
“Until the new constitution is drafted and [accepted] by the diet, […] to better reassure
the non-Hungarian speaking citizens of the country […] [the members of the diet]
make this resolution: […]
In village councils, all can speak either in Hungarian or their own language […].
In primary schools, the language of the community or church shall be used. […]
All can submit a petition to any office in their own language.” (A resolution of the diet,
July 28, 1849)
Az elemi tanodákban tanítási nyelvül mindig a községi vagy illetőleg az egyházi nyelv
fog használtatni. […]
Folyamodványát mindenki anyanyelvén is bárhová benyújthatja.” (Országgyűlési
határozat, 1849. július 28.)
“In all affairs that in this agreement are not stipulated to be under the authority of the
common diet [in Pest] or the central [Hungarian] government, Croatia, Slavonia and
Dalmatia are entitled to […] full self-government rights in both legislation and
execution.
[…] Following from this, the self-government rights of Croatia, Slavonia and Dalmatia
extend in both the legislative and the executive sphere to […] internal, religious, and
educational affairs, as well as justice […].” (The Croatian-Hungarian compromise)
“The interior minister has stated that a police investigation was conducted into the
activities of “Matica Slovenská”, a Slovakian association for literature and the fine arts
and the report from this investigation found that the afore-named association […] does
not so much engage in the advancement of literature, but pan-Slavic agitation […]. The
commissioner conducting the investigation proposes in his report that the association
[…] must be dissolved. […] [The proposal] has been accepted and approved.” (The
minutes of a cabinet meeting, April 1, 1875)
The area of the Ottoman Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary in the second
half of the 15th century
Glossary
1451-ig: until 1451
1490-ig: until 1490
A birodalom határa: The border of the empire
A Magyar Birodalom Mátyás korában: The Hungarian Empire under Matthias
Alsó-Ausztria: Lower Austria
Anatólia: Anatolia
Az Oszmán Birodalom: The Ottoman Empire
Az újonnan hódított tartományok határa: The border of the newly acquired provinces
Bizánc: Byzantium
Bosznia: Bosnia
Fekete-tenger: Black Sea
Havasalföld: Wallachia
Horvátország: Croatia
Hűbéres államok: Vassal states
Karintia: Carinthia
Krími kánság: Crimean Khanate
Magyar Királyság: Kingdom of Hungary
Magyarország: Hungary
Moldva: Moldavia
Morvaország: Moravia
Rumélia: Rumelia
Stájerország: Styria
Szászföld: Saxon lands
Székelyföld: Székely land
Szilézia: Silesia
Szlavónia: Slavonia
Timur Lenk támadása utáni területe: Its area after Timur the Lame’s attack
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L1 2 L1 2
Location: space
L2 2 L2 2
and time Location: space
L3 2 and time
L3 2
Communication C1 2 L4 2
and use of
C2 2
special Communication C1 2
vocabulary C3 2 and use of
C2 2
special
S1 3 vocabulary C3 2
S2 3 S1 4
Acquisition of Acquisition of
information and S3 3 information and S2 4
use of sources use of sources
S4 3 S3 4
S5 3 Describing the E1 4
reasons behind
E1 3 an event; E2 4
Describing the
critical and
reasons behind E2 3 E3 4
problem-
an event;
centred
critical and E3 3 E4 4
approach
problem-
centred E4 3 Total 44
approach Divided by 2
E5 3 Exam points 22
Total 44
Divided by 2
Exam points 22
score
maximum achieved
I. Simple Total 50
short answer
I. Achieved points, rounded up
tasks
13 Mediaeval guilds 10
14. The development of Germany into a great power 10
15. The split of the country into three parts 18
II. Longer 16. Social policy in the Kádár era 18
(essay-type)
17. The question of ethnic groups in Hungary 22
tasks
18. Matthias Hunyadi’s state and the Ottoman Empire 22
Total 50
II. Achieved points rounded up
I. + II.
100
Score of the written exam
__________________________________________________________________________
pontszáma egész
számra kerekítve
programba
elért
beírt
I. Egyszerű, rövid feladatok
II. Szöveges kifejtendő feladatok
dátum dátum