FIRE PROTECTION S$ 15 October 2021

FIRE PROTECTION

9.1 General Requirements. combustibles regardless of storage height. This standard

coal
does not cover unpacked bulk storage such as grain,
91,47 Scope— The provision of the Fire Protection shall apply or similar commodities.
to and govern the following:
Fire protection system related to certain commodities
the
ia) All private or public buildings, facilities, structures introduce hazard different than contemplated with
and their premises, constructed, existing and pro- above mentioned General Storage standard. We have
posed. other standards for the following storage occupancies:
in
4b) Storage, handling or use of combustible, flammable, (a) Rack storage of Materials over 12 ft. (3.66 m)
toxic, explosives and other hazardous materials. height in racks, and storage up to and including 25
feet (7.62 m) in height and storage over 25 feet (7.62
{c) Applications of Fire safety construction, automatic m) in height.
fire suppressions and fire protective equipment or
systems. Water density for fire protection forthese particular hazard
varies from 0.24 gpnv sq. ft. 9.779 (L/min/m sq.) to 0.68
9.1.2 /General Safety Requirements. Structure or Facility — gprvsq. ft. (27.7 Limin./m sq.) Water density requirement
The owner of any building, structure, facility shall install, for fire protection also depends on the four classes of
provide incorporate, adopt and maintain under operable commodity, namely Class |, Il, Ill, IV.
and usable conditions the automatic fire protection de-
Commodity Classification.
vices equipment, fire safety construction, and warning
system. Class ICommodity is defined as essentially non-combus-
tible product on wood pallets, or in ordinary corrugated
9.1.3— Purpose. The purpose of this standard is to provide a single thickness dividers, or in
cartons with or without
reasonable degree of protection for life and property from
ordinary paper wrappings, all on wood pallets. Such
fire through the installation of the appropriate type of fire
product may have a negligible amount of plastic trims,
protection for the different buildings, structures or facili-
such as knobs or handles. Examples of Class | products
ties. Hence in relation to these standards, all of the owner
and all occupants of the buildings, structures or facilities
are:
fire
shall organize themselves and develop. implement Metal products. Metal desk with plastic tops and trim,
program s to include fire preventi ons in the build-
safety electrical coil, electrical devices in their metal enclosures,
Per-
ings, premises, notification of the Fire Department dry cell batteries, stoves, metal cabinets, washers, dryers.
to the existenc e of the a fire. Fire brigade training
sonnel
utilizing containers, frozen,
and evacuation of persons and initial fire fighting Foods. Foods in non-combustible
the available fire protectio n equipmen t within their estab- foods, meat, fresh fruits, and vegetables in non-plastic
lishment. trays.
Class |] Commodity is uefined as class | products in
Article 9.2 Indoor General Storage slatted wooden crates, solid wooden boxes, or equivalent
combustible packaging materials on wood pallets. Ex-
9.2.1 Application and Scope. amples of Class | products are:

This standard applies to storage, 6.40 mor less in height,e Thinly coated fine wire such as radio coil wire on reels or
and storag
of commodities which with their packaging in cartons, incandescent lamps or fluorescent bulbs; beer
aids would classify as ordinary combustibles. This stan- or wine up to 20 percent alcohol, in wood containers; and
dard also applies to storage of commodities which with Class | product, if small cartons or small packages placed
their packaging and storage aids would classify as non- in ordinary corrugated cartons.

DR. EDWIN R. TORILLO, PME

 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM 15 October 2021

~
apply to new facilities for tire storage an,
Class Il Commodity is defined as wood, paper, natural
converting existing facilities to tire Storag:
fiber cloth, plastic products on wood pallets, products may ~ Occy.
pancy.
Contain a limited amount of plastics. Wood dressers with
plastic drawer glides, handles, and trim are examples of
Standard forthe Storage ofR
a commodity with a limited amount of plastic. (c) Fire Protection
Paper. The purpose of this standard is to Provig “.
, a
Class 1VCommodity is defined as Class |, II, Il, products reasonable degree of protect ion forthe Storage
when stored in buildings or structures throu
Containing an appreciable amount of plastics in paper paper
board cartons on wood pallets. Examples of Class IV installation requirements based upon soung erin
Products are: ~neer principles and test data.

Small appliances, typewriters, and cameras with plastic Classification of Roll Paper:
Parts; plastic-backed tapes and synthetic fabrics or cloth-
ing. An example of packing material is a metal product in Heavy Weight Class. Includes paper boarg and
a foamed plastic cocoon in a corrugated cartons. paper stock having a basis weight [weight per 1,000
sq. ft. (93 m. sq.)] of 20 Ib. (9.1 kg) or greater,
“Sprinkler System Design Curves for Solid pile, Palletized
and Bin box storage over 12 ft. (3.7 m), and Shelf Storage Medium Weight Class. Includes the broad range of
12 ft. (3.7 m) to 15 ft. (4.6 m) high, shall be in accordance papers having basis weight (weight per 1,000 Sq. ft.
with Figure 9-1.1" (6-1.2) (93 m. sq.)] from 10 Ib. (4.5 kg.) to 20 Ib (9.1 kg.)

Light Weight Class. Includes all papers having

(b) Fire Protection Standard for Storage of Rubber basis weight [weight per 1,000 sq. ft. (93 m. Sq.)} less
tires. This provisions contained in this standard than 10 Ib (4.5 kg) and tissues.

Table 9.1.2 Double Row Racks without Solid Shelves, Storage

Higher than 25 Fi, Aislles Wider than 4 Ft.

Commodity | in-rack spnnklers — approximate Ceiling Spnnkler Raia]

| Class | vertical spacing at tier nearest ‘Masitmum Ceiling |_-gpm/sq. ft.) (6)
| me eo eae maximum Fig. Storage Stagger Spnnkler Clearance (5)
| spacing (1) (2) No. Height Operating | Up to 10 ft. (7)
| | Longtudinal Facocavendie ~t Area ;
| | Flue (3) ‘ace (4) and (8) 165) 286°
| | Vertical 20ft. ; =F
Honzontal 10ft.
| under horizontal None 7-10.1a 30 ft. No 0.25 0.35
| Barriers
Vertical 20 ft. | Vertical 20tt [> 15 4p | Higher than 2000'9q th
| Horizontal 10 ft. | Horizontal rot, | 7710.1 25 tt. Yes 0.25 0.35
i Vertical 10 ft. Se ne
| or at 15ft. & 25 ft. | None 17-10.1¢} 30ft. Yes 0.30 0.40
Honzontal 10 ft. | |
Vertical 10 ft. | Vertical sort. | vel |
| Lia my -Honzontal 10 ft. | Horizontal iott, | 7*19-14 | __Yes 0.30 0.40
alee Vertical 20 ft. | Vertical 201 | > sg 46 | Higherthan | 1 =r
Horizontal 10 ft. | Horizontal Bt | 710-18 | os tt Yes | 2000sq.ft.| 0.30 0.40
Vertical 25 ft. | Vertical 25 ft. .
| Honzontal 5 tt. | Horizontal Bf | 7 tote No 0.30 0.40
Honzontal barriers at 20 ft. Vertical eee 1 mails
Intervals-2 lines of sprinklers ‘ |
under barriers-maximum 7-10.19 Yes 0.30 040. |
| horizontal spacing 10 ft. staggered. | i
| Vertical 15 ft. | Vertical 20 ft. Seana T ———~-{— pt
| Honzontal 10 ft. | Honzontal 10 ft. | 7-40.1h Yes 0.35 0.45
| | Vertical 20 ft. | Vertical 20ft. | 7-10.1; | Higher than 4 J
1 WL, | Horizontal _S ft. | Horizontal Sit | lo. 25 tt No | 2000sq. k. 0.35 0.45
&1V | Honzontal barriers at 15 ft. Vertical = } —+ Lo Bien ae bas
intervals-2 lines of spnnkler | | |
under barriers-maximum 710.14 | | Yes 0.35 045
| honzontal spacing 10 ft. staggered f ptetigie! 4 | { ; |
a eal, degtiog |
poten leo cats eau] ae Shh ee
'For SI Units: 1 ft = 0.3048 m

DR. EDWIN R. TORILLO, PME

 FIRE PROTECTION S$ 15 October 2021

ee Table 9.1.3

Piling Method
Piling
mi
Height Sprinkler Dischar, . Density
gpmi/ft2 ,
— Aiwa of Application
_______sft2 (See Note 1)
Se ee "Bee Notes 1 and 2) Ord. Temp. Heads High Temp. Head
1, On Floor — SA a ae ee Re ee
a. Pyramid
b. Other arrangements such that Up to 5 See NFP ; ;
no honzontal channels are Bate 7 og e ‘A 13, Standard for Installation of lla
formed 7 e 2,000 i
c. Tires piled on floor on tread 8 me iE mer 2,000
(See Note 3) peed
10+to 12 0.32 mice pe
2. Palletized
On side or tread ae. See Figure 4-1.2
+o 0.3 plus high
expansion foam ee ae —_
. Open Portable Rack Storage
* Grade
' crkend = Spee
‘
06 5,000 3,000
0.6 (See Note 4) 5,000
2 to 30 0.9 (See Note 4) 3,000
or 0.3 plus high 3,000 3,000
expansion foam

4. Double & Multi-row Fixed 9 to 20 See Fi ig. 4-1.2

Rock Storage on Pallets 20 0.4 plus 1 line in-rack 3,000
On side or tread 3,000
sprinklers or 0.3 plus high 3,000 3,000
expansion foam

20 + to 30 0.3 plus high Not

expansion foam Recommended 3,000
5. Double & Multi-row Fixed Up to 12 0.6 5,000 3,000
Rack Storage Without 12 to 20 0.6 (See Note 4) 5,000
Pallets or Shelves 0.9 (See Note 4) 3,000
On side or tread or 0.3 plus high expansion 3,000 3,000
foam or 0.4 plus 1 line 3,000 3,000
in-rack sprinklers

20 + to 30 0.3 plus high Not

expansion foam Recommended 3,000

Notes:
1. Sprinklerdischarge densities and areas
of application are based on a maximum clearance of 10 ft (3.1 m) between sprinklerdeflectors and the maximum
available height of storage.
2. The densities and areas provided in the table are based on fire tests using standard response; standard orifice (1/2 in.) and large orifice (17/32 in.)
sprinklers. In buildings where “old style” sprinkler heads exist, discharge densities shall be increased by 25%. Foruse of other types of sprinklers consult
the authonty having junsdiction.
3. Files not to exceed 25 ft. (7.6 m) in direction of wheel holes.
4. Water supply shall fulfill both requirements.

92.2 Definitions Exposure — The exterior presence of combustibles which, if

, . ; ; ignited, could cause damage to the storage building or its con-
vailable Height for Storage — The maximum height at which tents.
commodities, packaging or storage can be stored above the floor ; ;
and still maintain adequate clearance from structural members —__-Fire Wall — A wall designed to prevent the spread of fire having
and the required clearance below sprinklers. a fire resistance rating of not less than four hours and having
a sufficient structural stability under fire conditions to allow collapse
2rdinary Combustibles — This term designates commodities, of construction on either side without collapse of wall.
Packages or storage aids which have hats of combustion kilo- ; / |
joules per kilogram similar to wood, clcth or paper and which Horizontal Channel — Any uninterrupted space in excess of
Produce fires that may normally be extinguished by the quenching 1524 m in length between horizontal layers of stored commodi-
and cooling effect of water. ties. Such channels may be formed by pallets, shelving, racks or

DR. EDWIN R. TORILLO, PME

 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM 15 October 2021

of Application Chart
Table 9.1.4 Design Density/Area
en: edits Weight a
Tip avy Weight a ae
:
_ BIA Array | Open Array
| Closed Array "Standard Array “Ey __fepemanag = | Cee anded_ _Bande d | Unbanded | Unbanded
height) are d ed | Banded t Unbanded Banded _Unbanded | _Unb 9/2000» 32000 | 3/2000
37000 3/2000 | 372000 32000 3/2000 372000
10 1 <6 | 3/2009
»5 | .arg000 |.s72000 | /2000 | 3/2000 3/2000 | 3/2000 «3/2000 | 3/2000 |
10 | 9/2000 |.9/2000 45/2500 | 45/2500
1 | 8 | aizo0o | siz000 | s000 gz000 372000
3/3500 | 312000 3/2500 ' 45/3000 | 45/3000
is «(| lS 312000 «3/2000 ~=«3/2000-—«,.3/3000
.9/2000 |.45/2500/ .6/2500 6/2500
2 | ss | sooo |3ie000 | .sims00 | asmaoca! 45/3500 | | 45/9000 6/00 6; 6/3000
| 32000 32800 3/8000 45/9500 45/4000 | 9/2500
20 | «5 45/3000 6/8000 | 75/2 00
75/250
| 50
2s | 38 _| _.a8ta500_ 45/0000, _48/9500 6/2500 6/3000
any 5 ft. storage height increment
NOTE. Densites and/or areas may be interpol ated between
SI Units: 1 ft = 0 3048 m: 1 gpm/ft = 40.746 (L/min) /m?

formed by lass C Fire — Fire involving energized electrical equipment.

other storage commodities. Such channels may be
,
pallets, shelving, racks or other storage arrangements Class D Fire — Fire involving combustible metals, such as
similar met-
commodities, pack- “magnesium, sodium, potassium, titanium and other
_-Non-combustibles — This term designates als.
or liberate
aging or storage aids which will not ignite, burn
to a temper ature of 749° for five pipes
flammable gases when heated -Dry stand pipe — a type of stand pipe system in which the
minutes. are not normally filled with water. Water is introduced into the
wrapping, system thru Fire Service connections when needed.
Packaging — This term designates any commodity
ne
cushioning or container. Fire Service — An organization or acomponent of the Philippi
de- National Police Fire Department personnel in-charge with the
Storage Aids — This term designates commodity storage mission of fire prevention, fire protection.
ms, trays,
vices such as shelves, pallets, dunnage, decks, platfor
bins, separators and skids. Means of egress — A continuous and unobstructed route of exit
ng used from any point in a building, structure or facility to a safe public
“Warehouse — Any building or area within a buildi
ities. way.
principally for the storage of commod
elves or Occupant Load —The maximum number of persons that may be
Extra Combustible — Materials, which, either by thems
tible to allowed to occupy a particular building, structure, or facility or
in combination with their packaging, are highly suscep
bute to the intensi ty and rapid spread of fire. portion thereof.
ignition and will contri
either of Shall _ Indicate a mandatory requirement.
~ Moderate Combustible — Materials or their packaging,
which will contri bute fuel to fire. Should — Indicates a recommendation or that which is advised
ing which will but not required.
“Non-combustibles — Materials and their packag
r combus tion.
neither ignite nor suppo —Sprinkler System — A sprinkler system, for fire protection
. purpose, is anintegrated system of one or more water supplies for
The word SHALL is intended to indicate requirements
fire use, underground and overhead piping designed in accor-
The words IT IS RECOMMENDED indicate advisory provis
ions. dance with fire protection engineering standards. The portion of
the author ity having jurisdi c- the sprinkler system above ground is a network of specially sized
APPROVED refers to approval by
tion. or hydraulically designed piping installed in building structure or
area, generally overhead, andto which sprinklers are attached in
ction”.
Approved. Acceptable to the “Authority having jurisdi a systematic pattern. The valve controlling each system riser 1S
Authority Having Jurisdiction. The “authority having jurisdic-
located in the system riser or its supply piping. Each sprinkler
tion” is the organization, office or individual responsible for
ap- system includes a device for actuating alarm when the system is
in operation. The system is usually activated by heat froma fire
proving equipment, an installation or procedure.”
and discharges water over the fire area.
lass A Fire — Fire involving ordinary combustible materials
Warehouse — Any building or area within a building used
such as wood, cloth, paper. rubber and plastics
principally for the storage of commodities.
‘Class B Fire — Fire in flammable liquids and gases.

DR. EDWIN R. TORILLO, PME

 FIRE PROTECTION S$ 15 October 2021

9.2.3 Classification of Storage

tightly to the underside of a fire-resistive roo!
9.2.3.1 Type! Storage. Type | Storage deck, In buildings having combustible exterior
is that in which
combustible commodities or walls, intersecting fire walls shall extend at
noncombustible
commodities involving combusti least 1,850 mmintotal length. Fire walls should
ble Package
or storage aids are stored over 4.55 preferably be without openings, but f openings
0 mm but
not more than 6,400 mm high in solid are necessary they shall be provided with sel-
piles or
over 3,650 mm but not more than Closing or automatic fire doors on each side of
6.400 mm
high in piles that contain horizontal channels the wall. Such doors shall be suitable for open-
Minor quantities of commodities of hazard ings in the particular fire wall.
greater than ordinary combustibles may be
A wall or partition separating the warehouse
included without affecting this general classifi-
from other occupancy shall have fire resis-
cation. tance rating sufficient
to protect the warehouse
Typell Storage, Type lI storage is that in which from the fire exposure of the other occupancy.
9.2.3.2
combustible commodities or non-combustible Door openings shall be equipped with auto-
matic closing fire doors appropriate for the fire
commodities involving combustible packaging
resistance rating of the wall or partition.
or storage aids are stored not over 4,550 mm
high in solid piles or not over 3,650 mm high in Section of the warehouse occupied as boiler
piles that contain horizontal channels. room, engine room, or garage shall be cut off
from other sections of the warehouse by con-
Minor quantities of commodities of hazard struction having a fire resistance of at least two
greater than ordinary combustibles may be hours.
included without affecting this general classifi- Adequate access shall be provided to all por-
cation.
tions of the premises for fire fighting purposes.
Type Ill Storage. Type Ill storage is that in Frangible wall sections for fire department or
9.2.3.3
which the stored commodities packaging and other emergency access or exit should be
considered where doors are not practical.
storage aids are noncombustible or contain
only a small concentration of combustibles 9.2.4.2 Areas. Fire areas of warehouses should be
which are incapable of producing a fire that limited to maintain the total value of the com-
would cause appreciable damage to the com- modity within reasonable limits yet not be too
modities stored or to noncombustible wall, floor restrictive for low value commodities. Con-
orroof construction. Ordinary combustible com- versely, high value and vital commodities should
modities in completely sealed noncombustible be restricted to smaller areas than for average
containers may qualify in this classification value commodities such as found in the usual
subject to the authority having jurisdiction. general warehouse. The combustibility of the
General commodity storage that is subject to commodity and its packaging or storage aids
frequent changing and storage of combustible shculd be taken into account. Other consider-
packaging and storage aids is excluded from a’ ons are the difficulty encountered in fire
this category. fi hting and salvage operations in large undi-
v ded areas.
1.2.4 Building Arrangement 1 ‘pel and Type Il Storage. When protected in
accordance with this standard, 4,645 m? is
9.2.4.1 Construction. One-storey buildings without
cc isidered the t1aximum area for average
basement storage areas are preferable for
valus commodities enclosed by exterior walls
warehouses because of greater efficiency for
oracombination of exterior walls and fire walls.
fire fighting and salvage operations. Long nar-
A multi-storey building having three-hour fire-
row buildings provide greater ease in protec-
resistive construction shall be considered as
tion and fire fighting than large square build- having each floor a separate fire area. A multi-
ings. Multi-storey buildings may be subject to storey building of less than three-hour fire
the spread of fire from lower to upper floors and - resistance at each floor shall be considered to
water used on upper floors may cause damage be one fire area with the floor area per level
on lower floors.
being cumulative
Newly-constructed warehouses over one- Type Ill Storage. Warehouses constructed
storey in height should be of not less than and protectedin accordance with this standard
three-hour fire-resistive construction. may be of any reasonable area.
Fire wall construction shall be parapeted at
least 910 mm above the building roof, except
9.2.4.3 Ventilation. Consideration should be given to
wall fits the provision of roof vents and curtain boards,
the parapet may be omitted where the

DR. EDWIN R. TORILLO, PME

 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM 15 October 2021

adjacen, "
a smoke detector. Openings
ehouses
particularly in large one-st orey war makes such exterior balconies shall be protecteq
where distance to exterior wall openi ngs r as required and as follows:
In service.
it difficult to place hose streams mum ne,
(b Every vestibule shall have a mini
s. Stair- in
9.2.4.4 Protection of Stairways and Shaft area of 16 sq. ft. (1.5 Sq. m.)
of Opening
a
an exterior court, yard or public space
be en-
ways and other vertical shafts shall
ructi on orsealed
close d with fire- resis tive const
g the least 20 ft. (6.1 m) in width.
at each floor level with construction havin a minimum
same fire resis tance ratin g as the floor. (c Every vestibule shall have

~~
width
of dimension not less than the required
Where stairways are required for the exist minimum
doors in interi or of the corridor leading to it anda
stair ways and .
occupants, such
ad- dimension of 72 in. (183 cm) in the direc
partitions enclosing stairways shall be tion of travel.
equately protected.
Mecha nical Ventilation. Smoke proof encio-
9.2.4.4a Stairways and shaft of high rise buildings 9.2.4.4¢
sures by mechanical ventilation shall
comply
shall be smoke proof enclosures. Smoke
sure SO with all of the following:
proof enclosures shall be a stair enclo
designed that the move ment into the smoke (a) The door assembly from the building into
proof enclosure of the product of combustion the vestibule shall be 1-1/2-hour fire pro-
produced by a fire occurring in any part of the tection rating and the door assembly from
building shall be limited and/or eliminated. the vestibule to the stairway shall have not
less than 20-minute fire protection rating.
The smoke proof enclosure may be accom-
The door to the stairway shall be designed
plished by using natural ventilation, by using
and installed to minimize air leakage. The
mechanical ventilation incorporating a vesti-
doors shall be self closing or shall be
bule or by pressurizing the stair enclosure.
automatic-closing by actuation of a smoke
Asmoke enclosure shall consist of a continu- detector located within 10 ft. (3 m) of the
ous stair enclosed fromthe highest point to the vestibule door.
lowest point by barriers having a 2-hour fire
resistance rating. Where a vestibule is used it (b) Vestibules shall have a minimum dimen-
shall be within the 2-hour enclosure and is a sion of 44 in. (112 cm) in width and 72 in
part of the smoke proof enclosure. (183 cm) in direction of exit travel.

Every smoke enclosure shall discharge into a (c) The vestibules shall be provided with not
public way, into a yard or court having direct less than one air change per minute, and
access to a public way or into an exit passage- the exhaust shall be 150 percent of the
way. Such exit passageways shall be without supply. Supply air shall enter and exhaust
other openings and shall be separated fromthe air shall discharge from the vestibule
remainder resistance rating. through separate tightly constructed ducts
used only for that purpose. Supply air shall
9.2.4.4b Natural Ventilation. Smoke proof enclosures enter the vestibule within 6 in. (15.2.cm) of
by natural ventilation shall comply with all the the floor level. The top of the exhaust
following: register shall be located not more than 6
(a) Where a vestibule is provided, the door- in. (15.2 cm) down from the top of the trap
way into the vestibule shall be protected and shall be entirely within the smoke trap
with an approved fire door assembly hav- area floors, when in the open position,
ing a 1-1/2-hour fire protection rating and shall not obstruct duct opening. Duct open-
the fire door assembly fromthe vestibule ings may be provided with controlling
to the stair shall have not less than a 20- dampers if needed to meet the design
minute fire protection rating. Doors shall requirements but are not otherwise re-
be designed to minimize air leakage and quired.
shall be self-closing or shall be automatic-
closing by actuation of a smoke detector (d) The vestibule ceiling shall be at least 20 in.
within 10 ft. (3 m) of the vestibule door. (50.8 cm) higher than the door opening
Where access to the stair is by means of into the vestibule to serve as a smoke and
an exterior balcony, the door assembly to heat trap and to provide an upward mov-
the stair shall have a 1-1/2-hour fire pro- ing air column. The height may be de-
tection rating and shall be self-closing or creased when justified by engineering
shall be automatic-closing by actuation of design and field testing.

DR. EDWIN R. TORILLO, PME

 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM 15 October 2021

(e) The stair shall

be pr i i
relief opening at
the = toe age from external fire. Depending upon the
mechanically
with sufficient air Severity
of the exposure, such protection should
aminimum of 250 to ech a
0 cu fit /min. (70 consist of parapeted masonry walls without
min) thr .8 ie
ough the relief Openin
the stair relative g colu ~ Openings, wire glass in metal framed windows
to atm osphere wih | i and/or open sprinklers.
doors closed and
a Minimum of 0.10
‘teh 9.2.4.6 Drainage of Floors. Upper floors of multi-
water column (25Pa) differ
the stairF and the vestibule, enc € between Storied buildings should be made watertight
and provided with floor drainage facilities.
9.2.4.4d Stair Pres
: surizati on.. Smoke Proof enc]
atron
by stair pressurization shall 9.2.5 Piles Containing Horizontal Chan
comply wierd nels
the following: _ 9.2.5.1
: Type land Type Il Storage. Horizontal chan-
(a) The building shall nels formed by rack arrangement should be
beProtectedthroughou
by an approved sup t Suitably fire-stopped by means of barrier at
ervised automatic intervals of 7,620 mm unless additional auto-
sprinkler system.
matic sprinklers are provided at intermediate
(b) There shall be an engineered levels to protect the storage.
system to
pressurize the air enclosure Capa
ble of Horizontalchannels of palletized storage should
developing 0.05 in. (12.5 Pa)
in additionto be perpendicular to the aisle. No part of such
the maximum anticipated stack Pres
sure horizontal channels shall be more than 7,620
relative to other parts of the buil
ding mea- mm from an aisle measured along the length of
sured with all the enclosure doors the channel. It is desirable to eliminate such
closed.
Activation of Mechanical Ventilation Sys- channels by fire stopping pallets or by other
9.2.4.4e
tems. means.

For both mechanical and pressurized stair

Article 9.3 Fire Protection Systems
enclosure systems, the activation of the sys-
tems shall be initiated by smoke detectors and 8.3.1 Standard for the Design and Installation of Sprinkler
by manual controls accessible to the fire de- System
partment. The required system shall also be
initiated by the following, if provided. 9.3.1.1 General Information.

(a) Waterflow signal from a complete auto- (a) Sprinkler System. A sprinkler system, for
matic sprinkler system. fire protection purposes is an integrated
system of underground and overhead pip-
(b) General evacuation alarm system. ing design in accordance with fire protec-
tion engineering standards. The installa-
9.2.4.4f Standby Power. Standby Power for mechani-
tion includes a water supply such as a
cal ventilation shall be provided by an ap-
gravity tank, fire pump, reservoir or pres-
proved self-contained generator set to opera- sure tank and/or connection by under-
tor whenever there is a loss of power in the
ground piping to acity main. The portion of
normal house current. The generator shall be the sprinkler system above ground is a
in a separate room having a minimum 1-hour network of specially sized or hydraulically
fire-resistive occupancy separation and shall designed piping installation in a building,
have a minimum fuel supply adequate to oper- structure or area to which sprinklers are
ate the equipment for 2 hours. connected. The system includes a con-
trolling valve and alarm devices when the
9.2.4.4g Testing. Before the Mechanical equipment is
systemis in operation. The sprinkler head
accepted by the authority having jurisdiction, it
of the system is usually activated by heat
shall be tested to confirm that the mechanical
from a fire and discharges water over the
equipmentis operating incompliance with these fire area.
requirements.
(b) Scope and Purpose. This standard is the
9.2.4.4h Emergency Lighting. The stair shaft and ves- minimum for the installation of the sprin-
tibule shall be provided with emergency light- kler system for buildings, the character
ing. and adequacy of water supplies to sprin-
9.2.4.5 kler systems. The purpose of this standard
Exposure Protection. Adequate protection
isto provide protection
for life and property
against exposure shall be provided where the
warehouse or its contents are subject to dam- fromfire through installation requirements

DR. EDWIN R. TORILLO, PME

 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM 15 October 2021

Occupancies where comb,

of fa
for sprinkler systems based upon engi- bility is low, quantity >
stock
neering principles, test data, and field ex- bustible is moderate,
perience. of combustibles do not oe
2,400 mm and fire with ede
(c) Classification of Sprinkler Systems. ate rate of heat release =
Sprinkler Systems are classified into dif- expected. Included
inthis graye
ferent types listed below: are the following having Cupid.
tions similar to: Autom obitg
(1) Wet Pipe Systems. A system em- parking garages, Bakerias
ploying automatic sprinklers af- ing
Beverages manufactur
tached to a piping system contain-
ing water and connected to a water Canneries, Dairy products
so that water discharges manufacturing and processing
supply
immediately fromsprinklers opened
Electronic plants, Glass and
glass products manufacturing
by afire. This is the type of sprinkler
system commonly used and adapt-
Laundries and Restaurant ser.
vice areas.
able to the climate in our country.
Deluge System. A system employ- A) Ordinary Hazard (Group
(2) 2). Occupancies where quan.
ing open sprinklers attached to a
piping system connected to a water
"tity and combustibility of con.
supply through which is opened by tent is moderate. Stock piles do
not exceed 3,700 mm and fire
the operation of afire detection sys-
tem installed in the same areas as with moderate heat release are
the sprinklers; when this valve expected. Under this group are
the following: Cereal mills,
opens, water flows into the piping
Chemical! plant — ordinary,
system and discharges from all
sprinklers attached thereto. This is Machine shops, Metal working,
used in extra hazard Cold storage warehouses ,
Dis-
the system
areas like an aircraft hangar, stor- tilleries, Leather goods manu-
age tanks of combustible liquids, facturing, Libraries, large stock
gases and oils, high voltage substa- room areas, Mercantile, Print-
tions transformers. Foamchemicals ing and publishing, Textile
may be incorporated to the system manufacturing, Tobacco prod-
to be more effective in fighting class ucts manufacturing and Wood
B fires. products assembly.
Ordinary Hazard (Group 3).
Jo Classitication of Occupancies. ly
where quantity
Occupancies
-
Light Hazard occupancies. Occu
wy pancies where the quantity and/
or
and/or combustibility of con-
tents is high, and fire of high
is low and
combustibility of contents rate of release are expected.
heat
fire with relatively low rate of Included in this group are the
rd
release are expected. Light haza following having conditions
occupancies include occupancies similar to: Feedmills, Pulp and
conditions similar to: Paper process
having paper mills,
hos-
Churches, clubs, educational, plants, Piers and wharves,
Re-
ries, exce pt larg e stoc k manufa ctur-
pitals, libra pair garages, Tire
or Con-
rooms, Museums, Nursing ing, Warehouses (having mod-
uding
valescent Homes, Office, incl erateto higher combustibility
of
Res-
Data Processing, Residential, contents such as paper, house-
ters and
taurant seating areas, Thea hold furniture, paint general
es and
Auditoriums excluding stag storage, whiskey, etc.), and
attic s.
proceniums and Unused Wood machining.

(2h Ordinary Hazard Occupa

of
ncies.
ordinary (3f Extra Hazard Occupancies.
Oc
andcom-
There are three groups cupancies where quantity
se are
bustibility of contents is very high.
hazard occupancies and the
liq-
as follows: and flammable and combustible
materials are
!). uid, dust, lint or other
(a) Ordinary Hazard (Group

DR. EDWIN R. TORILLO, PME na

 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM 15 October 2021

Present introducing
the Probability
of rapidly developing _ tions or interference with sprinkler
fire with high
rate of heat release. heads distribution layout).
Extra bord
occupancies are cla
ssitieg into two
groups, Group 1 and
2.
(5 Full height cross section
(a) Extra Hazard (Group (6 Location of fire walls
1). in-
clude occupancies
scribed above with littl
as de- ae Location of partitions
e or no
flammable or combustib
le lig-
(8 Occupancy of each area or room
uids: Combustible hyd
raulic (9) Location and size of blind spaces
fluid used areas, Die Cas
ting and closets
Metal extruding, Plywood
and
Particle board manufactu (10) Any questionable small enclosures
ring,
Printing (using inks with bel in which no sprinklers are to be
ow
37.8°C flash points, Rubber re- installed.
claiming, compounding, drying
milling, vulcanizing, Saw mills, (11) Size of city main in street, city main
Textile Picking, opening, blend- test result
Ing, garnetting, carding, com- (12) Other sources of water supply, with
bining of cotton synthetics, pressure or elevation.
wool, shoddy, or burlap, and
Uphols
witt
heplarsti (13) Make, type and nominal orifice size
icfo
nams
g. of sprinkler head
JS Extra Hazard (Group 2). In-
clude occupancies with moder- (14) Temperature rating and location of
ate to substantial amount of high temperature sprinkler head
flammable or combustible liq- (15) Total area protected by each sys-
uids or where shielding of com- tem on each floor
bustibles is extensive: Asphalt
saturating, Flammable liquids (16) Number of sprinkler heads on each
spraying, Flow coating, Mobile riser per floor
home or modular building, as-
(17) Make, type, model and size of alarm
semblies (where finished en- valve
closure is present andhascom-
bustible interiors, Open oil (18) Make, type, model and size of del-
quenching, Solvent cleaning, uge valve
Varnish and paint dipping.
(19) Kind and location of alarm bells
(e) Working Plans. Working plans shall be
(20) Total number of sprinklers on each
submitted to the authority having jurisdic- alarm valve system
tion and the office of the Mechanical De-
partment Building Official before any equip- (21) Approximate capacity in liters of each
ment is installed or remodelled. Devia- alarm valve system
tions from approved plans will require per- (22 Pipe type and schedule of wall thick-
—

mission of the authority having jurisdic- ness

tion. Working plans shall be drawn to an
indicated scale, on sheets of uniform size, (23) Nominalpipe size andcuttinglength
with plan of each floor, made so that they of pipe (or center to center dimen-
can be easily duplicated and shall show sions) where typical branch lines
the following data: prevail, it will be necessary to size
only one line
(1) Nafne of owner and occupant
(24 Location and size of riser nipples
=>

(2) Location, including street address

(25) Type of fittings and joints and loca-
(3) Point of compass tion of all welds and bends

(4) Ceiling construction, indicating ceil- (26) Type and location of hangers and
ing materials, lighting layout, air duct sleeves
layout and other possible obstruc- (27) All control valves (OS&Y. outside

DR. EDWIN R. TORILLO, PME

 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM 15 October 2021

WITT beers
of the proposed fire Protection
screw and yoke) indicating valve, (37) Specification of the sprinkler «,
check valves, drain pipes and test tem. —
pipes.
tofs é
(f) Approvaland Acceptance Tes is tae
(28) Size and location of hand hose,
kle Before inst
rSystems.
alla tion
hose outlets and related equipment allation andegy i
allaspects of design, inst respects ce
in all
(29) Underground pipe size, length, lo- ment shall conform
uirements ofthe
cation, weight, material, point of con- rules, regulations and req
nections to city main, the type of overnment agency, concerned, the Fire
1185
valves, meters and valve pits, and Code of the Philippines under P_D,
is,
the depth that top of the pipe is laid the Local Building Officials who are e
below grade publ ic safe ty. For insu ranc
cerned with
purposes, the PIRA (Philippine Insurance
(30) Provisions of flushing
Rating Associations)
(31) When the equipment is to be in- All test required by this standard shal be
Stalled as an addition to an existing
performed by the installer for the Owner in
system, enough of the existing sys-
tem shall be indicated on the plans the presence of the authority having juris.
to make all conditions clear. diction.

(32) Location of fire department connec- Contractor's materials and test certificate
tions standard forms shall be completed ang
forwarded to the authority.
(33) Location and detail plan of fire pump-
ing units and type of pump drive, 9.3.3 Water Supplies
concrete foundation, pump suction
and discharge piping, type of con- 9.3.2.1 General Provisions. Every automatic sprin-
trollers, in the case of electric motor kler systems shall have at least one automatic
driven pumps, the electrical power water supply.
supply to electric motor must be Water Supply Requirement for Sprinklers
9.3.2.2
connected to an automatic started System.
emergency generator of approved
capacity to handle fire pump motor (a) The following tables of water supply re-
loads in case of power failure of the quirements shall be used in determining
local power supply facilities the minimum water supply requirement for
light, ordinary and extra hazard occupan-
(34) Hydraulic calculation for the system cies.
must be submitted which must indi-
cate the following: Density liter per (1) Table 9.2.2.2(a) is used to determine
min/sq.m. Area of application, sq.m.; the minimum volume of water and
Coverage per sprinkler; Number of pressure normally required for a pipe
sprinkler calculated; Total water re- schedule sprinkler system. Hydraulic
quired, liter per min; Total water calculation of the system must also
required for hose stream, liter/min; be accomplished to verify if system
Name of contractor; Name of de- design utilizingthe pipe schedule
sys-
signer tem is acceptable.
(35) Dry standpipe layout must be shown (2) Table 9.2.2.2(b) is used to determine
in the plans as required by the Build-
ing Code and Philippine Fire Code Table 9.2.2.2(a)
P.D. No.1185. Guide to Water Supply Requirements for
Pipe Schedule Sprinkler System
(36) In case of high rise buildings full Occupana cy Residual Pressure
building height must be shown, fire Acc eptable Duration
uration in
Classttication Required at the Flow at Base Minutes
walls, fire doors, large unprotected Elevation of the of Riser
area or vertical openings, unpro- Highest Sprinkler
tected window openings, and blind Light Hazard 103 bar inutes
spaces, distance to, construction Ordinary Hazard a
and occupancy of exposing build- Ss
Group 1 1.03 bar or hi gher- 2650-3785tpm 60-90 min utes
ings which may affect the effectivity Group 2 1.03bar or higher 3217-5678Lpm _ 60-90 minules

DR. EDWIN R. TORILLO, PME

 FIRE PROTECTION S$ 15 October 2021

Pressure and liow requirements

ordinary Hazard for sprinklers and hose streams
to be determined by authority
having junsdiction
_ “Tabie82220)
Table and Design Curves for Determining Density, Area of
SS”
Pressure and flow requirements Sprinkler Operation and Water Supply Requirements for
warehouses Hydraulically Designed Sprinkler System
for sprinklers and hose streams
to be determined by authority
having Jurisdiction Minimum Water Supply
High Rise Pressure and flow requirements for Hazard Classification Sprinkler Combined
sprinkler and hose streams to be Duration
Building determined by authority having (LPM) Inside & Outside in
jurisdiction. Hose - LPM Minutes
Pressure and flow requirements for Light See Note 1 378.5 30
extra Hazard Ordinary Group 1
sprinklers and hose streams to be See Note 1 946.5 60-90 %
determined by authority having jurisdiction Ordinary Group 2 See Note 1 946.5 60-90
Ordinary Group 3 See Note 1
aSe ae 1 893 60-120
sprinkler discharge density and cor- Note 1: The water supply requirement for sprinkler only shall
be calculated
from density curves in Table 9.2.2.2(b).
responding area of sprinkler opera-
tion and water supply requirement for
hydraulically designed sprinkler sys- following water supply provided the capacity
tems. A hydraulically designed sprin- and reliability is acceptable.
kler systemis one in which pipe sizes
(a) Gravity Tanks. The capacity and eleva-
are selected on a pressure loss basis
tion of the tank fire protection use and the
to provide a density LPM distributed
arrangement of the supply piping shall
with a reasonable degree of unifor- provide the volume and pressure require
mity over a specified area, thus per- as design.
mits the selection of pipe size in ac-
cordance with the characteristics of (b) Pumps. A single automatically controlled
the water supply available. The de- fire pump sized in accordance with Table
sign density and area of application 9.2.2.2(a) and 9.2.2.2(b) supplied under
will vary with occupancy hazard. positive head froma water tank shall be an
acceptable water supply source. Fire pump

-
9.3.2.3 Sprinkler System may be connected to the

Density —(L/min)/m2

2.0 4a 6.1 8.1 10.2 12.2 14.3 16.3

5000
fr
Operation—sq

372
4000
Aree 0? Sprinkles Cperation—m2
Sprinkler

3000 279
of

2500 232
Area

2000 488

1500 139
0.05 0.10 0.20 0.25 0.35 0.40

Density—gem/sa ft

1 sq tt ~ 0.0929 m2; 5 gom/sa ft 2 40.746 (L/mini/m~.2

For SI Units:

DR. EDWIN R. TORILLO, PME

 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM 15 October 2021

partition
and without subdividing
) shall be sy S
klers
must be Underwriters Laboratory (UL) (not nece ssarily fire walls sized for an
or rises
fisted or Factory Mutual approved. plied by feed main 7
nary hazard occu pancies.
(c) Pressure Tanks
above ang
(d) Fire Department Connections
When sprinklers are installed
below ceiling, such branch lines shall not
9.2.2.4 Valves. Types of Valves to be used. exceed 8 sprinklers above and 8 sprip.
klers below the ceiling on either side of the
(a) All valves on connections to water sup-
crossmain. Pipe sizing shall be as follows
Plies and in supply pipes to sprinklers shall up to 65 mm.
be listed indicating valves, and shall be
12.05 Bar cold water or 8.6 Bar saturated 25 mm 2 sprinklers
steam pressure rating. 30 mm 4 sprinklers
38 mm 7 sprinklers
9.3.3 Spacing, Location and Positions of Sprinklers 50 mm 15 sprinklers
65mm 50 sprinklers
9.3.3.1 Area Limitations. The maximum floor area to
be Protected by sprinklers supplied on each The total number of sprinklers above and
system riser on any one floor shall be as below the ceiling exceeds 50 sprinklers
follows: shall be to 150 mm and size thereafter
4,830 m? according to schedule.
Light Hazard
Ordinary Hazard 4,830 mm?
/) Schedule for Ordinary Hazard.
Solid piled storage in excess of 4,600 mm in 25mm 2 sprinklers
height or palletized on rack storage in ex- 30 mm 3 sprinklers
cess of 3,700 mm in height —3,716 mm 40 mm 5 sprinklers
50 mm 10 sprinklers
Extra Hazard 2,323 m?
65mm ._ 20 sprinklers
Size of Riser. Each system risers shall
be 75 mm 40 sprinklers
9.3.3.2
sized to supply all sprinklers on the riser
on any 100 mm 100 sprinklers
floor as deter mined by the stand ard sched ules 125mm 160 sprinklers
sprin- 275 sprinklers
of pipe sizes listed below the number of 150 mm
klers ona given pipe size on one floor
shall not 205 mm Area limitation govern
occu- on ordinary hazard
exceed the number given for a given
pancy. Exception No. 1: For solid pipe storage
in
Occupan- excess of 4,600 mm in heigh t orpalle tized
7® Schedule of Light Hazard
cies. or rack storage in excess of 3,658 mm.
The area served by any one 205mm pipe
single
25 mm 2 sprinklers shall not exceed 3,716 mm’ Where
3 sprinklers ordinary
30 mm systems serve both storage and
age
38 mm 5 sprinklers hazard areas, the storage area cover
50mm 10 sprinklers exce ed 3,716 m and total area
shall not
sprinklers n?
65 mm 30 coverage shall not exceed 4,831
75mm 60 sprinklers
nce be-
90 mm 100 sprinklers Exception No. 2: When the dista
ch lines ex-
100 mm Area limitation govern tween sprinklers on the bran
the dist ance betw een
8 sprinklers ceeds 3,700 mm or
Branch lines shall not exceed the branch lines exceed 3, 700 mm, the
side of a cros s-ma in. n pipe shall
on either number of sprinklers for a give
8 sprinklers be as follows:
Exception: When more than reasedto9 ex +
be inc
are necessaly, lines may end lengths 25 65 mm 15 sprinklers
sprinklers by ‘making the 2
andthe sizes 75 mm 30 sprinklers
mmand30mmrespectively, rs maybe
stan dard , 10 spri nkle
thereafter
lines mak ing the 2 end Branch lines shall not exceed 8 sprinklers
placed in branch
25 mm and 30 mm respectively on either side of a crossmain.
lengths
r by a65mm
and feeding the tenth sprinkle When sprinklers are installed above and
pipe. uP to 75
belowa ceiling, the pipe sizing
100 sprin-
Each area requiring more than

DR. EDWIN R. TORILLO, PME

 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM 15 October 2021

mm shall be as fol
lows:
25mm maybe Connected to wet sprinkler system only
2 sprinklers Subject to the following restrictions:
30 mm 4 sprinklers
38 mm 7 sprinklers (a) Hose stations supply shall not be con-
50 mm 15 sprinklers nected to any pipe smaller than 65 mm
65 mm 30 Sprinklers except for hydraulically designed loops
75 mm 60 sprinklers and grids. Hose stations supply pipes
maybe connected to a 50 mm source.
AS Sch.edule for Extra
ole jazard Occupan-
(b) Piping shall be at least 25 mm for vertical
runs.
25 mm 1 sprinklers
30 mm 2 sprinklers (c) Piping shall be 25 mm for horizontal runs
38 mm 5 sprinklers up to 6,096 mm, 30 mm for runs between
50 mm 8 sprinklers 6,096 mm and 24.4 metes and 38 mm for
65 mm 15 sprinklers runs greater than 24.4 meters
75 mm 27 sprinklers (d) When the pressure at any hose station
100 mm 55 sprinklers
exceeds 6.89 Bars pressure reducing
150 mm 150 sprinklers valves shall be installed at the outlet to
205 mm Area limitation applies reduce the pressure to 6.89 Bars.
Branch lines shall not exceed 6 sprinklers 9.3.4.2 Hose Connection for Fire Department Use.
on either side of the crossmain. In buildings of light department use may be
attached to wet-pipe sprinkler systems subject
9.3.3.3 Protection Area Limitation. tot he following restrictions:
(a) Light Hazard Occupancy. Undersmooth (a) Sprinklers shall be under separate contro!
construction and under beam and girder
valves.
construction, the protection area per sprin-
kler shall nof‘exceed 18.6 m?, For hydrau- (b) The minimum size of the riser shall be 102
lically designed sprinkler systems, the pro- mm unless hydraulic calculation indicate
tected area limit per sprinkler maybe in- smaller size satisfy sprinkler and hose
creased to 20.9 m?. streams demand.

Under open wood joist construction and (c) Each combined sprinkler standpipe riser
for other types of construction, the protec- Shallbe equipped with ariser control valve
tion area per sprinkler shall not exceed to permit isolating a riser without interrupt-
15.6 m?. ing the supply to other risers from the
same source of supply.
(b) Ordinary Hazard Occupancy. For all 9.3.4.3 Fire Department Connections. Fire Depart-
types of construction, the protection area ment connection shall be provided
to sprinkler
per sprinkler shall not exceed 12.1 m?,
system in all cases. Pipe size shall not be less
except for buildings used for high-piled than 102 mm for fire engine connections andto
storage, the protection area per sprinkler less than 152 mm for fire boat connection. The
shall not exceed 9.3 m?. fire department connection shall be on the
The maximum spacing between lines and system side of a check valve in the water
sprinklers: Light and ordinary hazard _ supply piping, or on wet-pipe system on the
4,572 mm except 3,658 mm for high-piled system side of check and alarm valves to the
riser.
cf © — storage.
Hose connections shall have hose coupling
(c) Extra Hazard Occupancies. the protec-
threads conferming to National Standard
tion areaper sprinkler shall not exceed 8.4
Threads (NST).
m®, For any type of building construction,
_ except protection area shall not exceed 9.3.4.4 Sprinkler System Standard Devices. The
9.3 m? where the system is hydraulically Sprinkler System shall be provided with the
designed. following:
System Components (a) System main drain
9.3.4.1 Internal Fire Hose in Cabinets or in Hose (b) Auxiliary drain on trapped sections of pipe.
Reels. 38 mm hose used for fire purposes (c) Inspector test connections not less than

DR. EDWIN R. TORILLO, PME

 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM 15 October 2021

spring;
(k) Electrical components — whenrator ars
in gene
25 mm shall be provided for each system. protection Is provided
or for each floor level. transformer room , hood s or shields i
telectricalequip,
(d) Pipe sleeves of proper size. stalledto protect importan
non-combys,
ment from water shall be
(e) Pipe sway bracing the pipe hangers con- tible s.
forming to fire code.
(|) Outside sprinkler protection against expo.
(f) Water motor alarm gong. sure fires.
(g) Water flow switches for multi-storey build- Sprinklers. Sprinklers shall not be used fo,
ing to supervise system flow on each floor 9.3.4.6
system working pressures exceeding 12 Bars
areas.
(h) Valve signs, spare sprinklers andwrenches Only listed sprinklers shall be used. Sprinkle,
used for special purposes and locations, shaj
in cabinets. f types specifically approved for Such use,
‘ be of fypes $P _—
9.3.4.5 Sprinklers shall also be required to the follow-
Standard temperature ratings of automatic
INg:atees: i re as follows:
sprinklers @
(a) Concealed spaces, enclosed wholly or
partially by exposed combustible construc- ‘
lax. Ceiling Sprinkler Temperature
tion, as in walls, floors and ceilings. emperature Col
=e
Ratin
°C a Classification Cone
(b) Anite i
openiny of the elevator shaft at each e
r level.
57to 77 Ordinary
Intermediate Uncolored
wae
y38 amibr
(c) Stairways. ne
107 121 to 149 oe —
(d) Vertical opening in buildings. 163 to 191 xtra Hig) ed
= 5 149
191 204 to 249 Very Extra High Green
(e) Service chutes and dumb waiter.
246 260 to 302 Ultra High Orange
(f) Under roofs or canopies over outside load- . .
ing platforms, ducts or other areas where
9.3.5 Installation of Fire Pumps
combustible are stored or handled.
9.3.5.1 Standard for the Installation of Fire Pumps.
(g) Under ducts and galleries which are over Only listed fire pumps shall be use for fire
1,200 mm wide.
protection service. The adequacy and depend-
;
ability of the water source are of primary impor-
(i) Dipranpstock:rocm. _ tance. Fire pumps shall have the following
Beneath ducts over 1,200 mm wide.
(i)
‘ : rated capacities in LPM or larger, andare rated
: -
equipmentiand at net pressure of 2.75 Bars or more and shall
tial a
have the following features standard equip-
) os
— ,
ment.

ger Table 9.2.5 (a)

SUMMARY OF FIRE PUMP DATA
Meter No. & Size Hose, Header
Discharge Relief Relief
Pump Suction Device of Hose Supply
(mm) Valve Valve
Rating (mm) (mm) Valve (mm)
(mm) Discharge
(LPM) (mm)
(mm)
64 1-38 51
51 38 51
378 51 1—65 76
51 64 89
946 89 76
127 2—65 102
127 76 127
1,892 127 152 3—65 150
152 102 150
2,839 152 4—65 150
152 102 203 203
3,785 203 203 6—65 203
203 203 152 203
5,677 254 203 6—65 203
254 254 152 254
7,570 254 203 8—65
254 152
9,462 254
203 12—65 254
* 305 203 305
11,355 305 254 12—65 305
305 203 305 305
13,247 "305 356 254 15—65
356 305 203
15,140

DR. EDWIN R. TORILLO, PME | 17!

 15
15 October 2021

DR. EDWIN R. TORILLO, PME

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i) October 2021

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FIG. 9.2.
@U0LOm usliva
 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM 15 October 2021

9.3.5.2 There are two types of Standard fire pump

: ) us é
. the centrifugal ang 9.3.7 Dry Stand Pipe and Hose Sys
tems
- The centri
case type, either hor 9.3.7.1 Stand pipe systems are one of the best internal
izontal or vetiGii u
e means for extinguishing fires in buildings and
ter on Positive
} suc- Structures. Even in buildings equipped with
Cal turbin
practically Suitable for i automatic sprinkler systems, stand pipe ts nec-
fire pump sSiigenn
the water is locate : essary. Standpipe are required in places such
d below ground vi
would be difficult to ins a as the upper storey’s of high buildings or large
tall any other type '
pump below the mini areas, low height buildings, and in other struc-
mum water level pee
tures where construction, size of other features
Diesel engine drive whe limit the use of hose streams fromthe exterior>
n USed to drive eith
centrifugal or vertical turbine
fire pump shall “i (a) Class Service
specifically listed for fire PUM
P Service b the
testing laboratories. Engines shall be Class | — For use fire department and
os “
able for horse power rating with listed cenuob those trained in handling heavy fire
lers and standard accessories, such Streams 65 mm hose
as angle
gear drive, governor, over
Speed shutdown
devices, tachometer, oil pressure gage, tem- Class Il — For use primarily by the build-
perature gage, instrument panel, Ings occupants until the arrival of the
factory wir- fire department 38 mm hose.
ing. electrical starter, two (2) sets of batterie
s
with battery charger, engine cooling
exchanger Class Ill — For use either fire department
system, fuel tank, exhaust muffler and othe
rs. and those trained in handling heavy
Pressure Maintenance (jockey or make up) hose streams 65 mm or by the building
9.3.5.3
pumps. Jockey pumps shall have rated ca- occupants 38 mm hose
Pacities not less than any normal leakage rate, Standpipe system may be wet-type or dry
they shall have discharge pressure sufficient to standpipe.
maintain the desired fire protection system
pressure. Standpipe systems for Class | and III ser-
vices shall be sized for a minimum flow of
Outside Protection 1,893 liter/min, where more than one
standpipe is required, allcommon supply
9.3.6.1 Hydrants. A sufficient number of hydrants piping shall be sized for a minimum 1,893
shall be installed to provide hose streams for liter/min for the first standpipe plus 946.5
every part of the exterior of each building not liter/min. for each additional standpipe,
covered by standpipe protection for every part the total not to exceed 9,462 Lpm.
of each building by the use of lengths of hose
normally attached to the hydrants. There shall Standpipe not exceeding 23 m in height
be sufficient hydrants to concentrate the re- shall be at least 100 mmin size.Standpipe
quired fire flow above any important building in excess of 23 min height shall be at least
with no hose line exceeding 152.4 meters in 150 mmin size. Standpipe shall be limited
length. to 84 meters in height and buildings in
excess of 84 meters shall be zoned ac-
For average conditions, hydrants shall be cordingly.
placed at least 12.2 meters from the building
Standpipe systems for Class III service.
protected. An adequate hose houses shall be
Each standpipe shall be sized for a mini-
placed nearby the hydrants with standard ac-
mum flow of 380 Lpm.
cessories as follows:
Standpipe and supply piping shall be ei-
a2—_— Approved adjustable spray-solid ther hydraulically designed to provide the
stream nozzles equipped with shut- required water supplies at a minimum
off for each size of hose 65 mm.
residual pressure of 4.5 Bars at the top-
Fire Axe with brackets , most outlet.

Hydrants Wrench (b) Number of Standpipe. The number of

hose stations for Class |, Il and Class II]
Coupling spanners for each sizedhose services in each building divided by fire
provided, 65 mm walls shall be such that all portions of each
Hose Coupling gaskets for each size storey of the building are within 9 meters of
of hose, 65 mm a nozzle attached to not more than 30.5

DR. EDWIN R. TORILLO, PME

 FIRE PROTECTION S$ 15 October 2021

thous
height and exceeding two
meter of hose seven hundred eighty-seven (2 2
$q. m.) in gross area. ae
Minimum water supply for Class | and
Class Ill service shall be 1,893 Lpm for 30 (3) Throughout floors below the str
minutes. floor having 232.5 sq. meter sas
used for the space, storage or oa
e
Minimum water supply for Class Il servic dling of combustible goods and Gen
shall be 380 Lpm at 30 minutes .
chandise.

Local Fire Code Requirements. All busines

9.3.8 (f Business Occupancies.
rs high
occupancy buildings over 15 mete
9.3.8.1. Fire Code of the Philippines, which 's the auto.
shall be provided throughout with
Presidential Decree No. 1185. Requires that
ted with matic sprinkler protection.
the following establishment be protec
water sprinklers system. Every high haz-
automatic (f) Industrial Occupancies.
c pro-
tures or facili- ard occupancy shall have automati
(a) High Rise Buildings. Struc such othe r prot ecti on as may be
mete rs or more, measure tection or
ties, fifteen (15)
grad e level to the floor of the appropriate to the particular hazard.
from the
or old build-
topmost storey, for every new (h) Pier and Water Surro unded Structure.
ing. provided with automatic
Pier deck must be
rcom-
equipped fire suppression system protectionfo
(b Places of Assembly. Stage e,
gridirons and rigging for bustible structure and for super structur
with fly galleries
and every if any.
movable theater-type scenery
46.5 square
enclosed platform largerthan Cellulose Nitrate Plastics (Pyroxylin).
the
used for
meters in area. All new and existing building
storage of articles of cellu-
manufacture or
(c) Educational Building. (pyroxylin) in quantities
lose nitrate plastic
discharge. exceeding 45 kg.
(1) Below the floor of exit
er, oil furnace Stock. Required
(2) General Storage, Boil
closets,
(i) High Piled Combustiblefor high piled com-
rooms, fu el storage, janitor in each building used
wood exceeds 2/3
maintenance sho p incl u ding bustible stock when the area
s, laun drie s, basi c floor area.
working and painting area of the sum of the
thes e area s are not
and kitchen, (if of over 570 liters
separatedfromthe othe
rparts of build- (k Dip Tanks. Dip tanks
liquid surface area
resi stance ma- capacity or 0.93s q. m.
ing with one hour fire an approve d auto-
and all ope nin gs, are not shall be protected with
terial rating g system.
sing door ). matic fire extinguishin
protected with self-clo
or open building in uishers
Any flexible plan 9.3.9 Portable Fire Exting
(3)
tan ce to exists hers. Portable extin-
which the travel dis 9.3.9.1 Portable Fire Extinguis
y six (46) meters. nce s to be used by the
exceeding fort guishers are applia
or area. primarily for
and windowless bui
ld- occupants of a building buildings
(4) Underground ll fires. Evenin
immediate use on sma
ings. tic sprinkler system. por-
equipped with automa
Residen- s are necessaly.
ccupanciesand table fire extinguisher
(d) Institutio nalO nurs-
hout all hospitals, are as follows:
tial Areas. Throug e The basic types of fire
dential custodial car 9.3.9.2
ing ho mes, and resi m
hazardous areas.
Class A Fires. Are
fires in ordinary co
facilities including (a) .
materials such as wood, cloth
Automatic bustible
Occupancies. rubber and many
plastics.
(e) Mercantile tection system shall be in- paper,
sprinkler pro occupancies as Class A
cantile Extinguishers for pro tection of
stalled in all mer ed from the follow:
follows: hazards shall be select loaded stream.’
foam,
ing: water types.
In all one (1) st orey
building over one dry chemicals. The
(1)
dred n inety fou
r and multi-purpose ce to such ext
in
thousand three hun maximum travel distan
(1,394 sq. m.) in are
a. exceed 22.8 m.
guishers shall not
one (1) storey in
(2) Inall buildings over

DR. EDWIN R. TORILLO, PME

 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM 15 October 2021

tr mews
(b) Class B Fires. Are fires
;
liquids, gases and Gites. ciples set forth herein will provide a basis for
ts ar
proper protection of commodities in storage in
Extinguishers for Protec
hazards shall be sel
tion of Class B the open.
ected fromthe follo
ing halon 1301, halon 121 9.4.2 Definitions
1, carbon diox.
ide, drychemical types, foam
and lonaled Extra Combustible. — Materials, which, either by themselves or
stream. The maximum
travel distance to in combination with their packaging, are highly susceptible to
such extinguisher shall rot exc eed } ignition and will contribute to the intensity and rapid spread of fire.
Moderate Combustible. — Materials or their packaging, eitherof
(c Class : C Fires. : Are fires which
ich invol
j which will contribute fuel to fire.
~~

energized electrical equipment v

where eee
trical non-conductivity ofthe extin Non-combustible. — Materials and their packaging which will
guishing
media is of importance, neither ignite nor support combustion.

Extinguishers for protection of The word shall is intended to indicate requirements,

Class C
hazards shall be selected from the follo
w- The words it is Recommended indicate advisory provisions.
ing halon 1301, halon 1211, carbon diox-
ide and dry chemical types. The maximum Approved refers to approval by the authority having jurisdiction.
travel distanceto such extinguishers shall
not exceed 15.25 meters. 9.4.3 Outdoor Storage. Outdoor storage is recognized as
standard practice for certain commodities which, by rea-
(d) Class D Fires. Are fires in combustible son of their bulk, cannot be ordinarily placed in storage
metals, such as magnesium, titanium, zir- buildings.
conium, sodium and potassium.
Outdoor storage may be preferable to storage in combus-
Extinguishers and extinguishing agent for tible buildings lacking fire protection, in the case of mate-
the protection of Class D hazards shall be rials not subject to undue damage or deterioration from
of types approved for use on the specific exposure to the weather and not particularly susceptible
combustible metal hazard. The maximum _ to ignition by sparks or flying brands.
travel distance to such extinguisher shall Where materials, which normally would be stored in
not exceed 23 meters from Class D haz- buildings are stored outdoors in temporary emergencies,
ards. it is required special precaution be taken for their safe-
guard and that they be moved to a storage warehouse as
(e) Extinguisher Location and Mounting.
soon as possible.
Fire extinguisher should be installed in
plain view, in an accessible spot, near 9.4.4 Site
roomexits, which provide an escape route.
Extinguishes must be located away from 9.4.4.1. In selecting a site for outdoor storage, prefer-
fire hazards, must be installed so that the ence shall be given to location having:
top is not more than 1,500 mm above the (a) Adequate municipal fire and police protec-
floor. They must be easy to reach and tion.
remove, and placed where they will not be
damaged. (b) Adequate public water systems with hy-
drants suitably located for protection of
the storage.
Article 9.4 Outdoor General Storage
(c) Adequate all-weather roads for fire de-
Purpose partment apparatus response.

9.4.1.1 Requirements contained herein are for the (d) Sufficient clear space for buildings of com-
proper handling and safeguarding of storage of bustible construction or from other com-
bustible storage which might constitute an
types of commodities of moderate combustible
exposure hazard.
hazard. Standards for the storage of non-com-
bustible commodities and those of extra com- (e) Absence of flood hazard.
as stor-
bustible hazard are excluded, as well
age covere d by specifi c standa rds. (f) Adequate clearance space between stor-
age piles and any highways and railroads.
9.4.1.2 Because of the diversity of the materials
handled, no fixed requirements can be pro- 9.4.5 Material Piling. Materials shall be stored in unit piles as
prin-
vided to cover all conditions. However,

DR. EDWIN R. TORILLO, PME

 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM 15 October 2021

sta
le liquids and approved
Flami mable and Combustib dling of Liquefied Petioleun,
low in height and small area as is consistent with good and Han
dardsf ‘orthe storage ted outside ri
a forthe materials stored. The maximum height will ns shall be conduc
Gases. Repair operatio
a“ : ermined by the base of pile and type of packaging, ding is ravine,
yardunless separate masonry walled buil
ability of the material and limit of the effective reach of ase d, repa ired , painted or other
conducted in eanturn,
if vehicles are to be gre
hose streams. shall be
wise serviced, such work
roved by the authority having
Aisles shall be maintained between individual piles, be- ance with standards as app
tween piles and buildings and the boundary line of the jurisdiction.
storage site. Sufficient driveways, having a width of at protection of storage against the weather
least 4,500 mm shall be providedto permit the travel offire Tarpaulins, used for f fabric.
shall be o' f approved flame proo
equipment to all portions of the storage area. Aisles shall
be not less than 3,000 mm wide to reduce danger of om otives shall not be allowed to enter the
Coal-fired steam loc is stored unless the
spread of fire from pile to pile and to permit ready access yard where com bustible material
for fire fighting, emergency removal of materials or for smoke stack is pr otected
by a spark arrester and the ash
en s to prevent hot coals from
salvage purposes. Extra combustible materials will re- pan is protected by scre
quire wide aisles and roads dependent upon the height of escaping>
the pile and the degree of combustibility. For extra com-
Diesel locomotives from which
bustible materials, the width of aisles should be equal to Oil-fired steam loco motives and ust
ted from the exha
the height of the pile but not less than 3,000 mm. glowing perticles of carbon are emit
the yard.
itte d in
stacks shall not be perm
9.4.6 Fences. The entire property shall be surrounded in the isions shall be made by some
fence or other suitable means to prevent access
of any 9.4.10 Fire Protecti ion. Prov
fire de-
notifying the public
suitable means for p romptly
unauthorized persons.
nt or priv ate f ire brigade in case of fire or other
partme
in the emergency.
An adequate number of gates shal | be provided
s so as to permit ready ction of an ad-
surrounding fence or other barrier e to permit dire
Provisions shall b @ mad
access of fire appara tus.
equate number of hos e streams on any pile or portion of
olved in fire. Unless
9.4.7 Buildings. Buildings in outside yards shal
Ibe located with the storage area that may be inv
as is practi- is prov ided by a Municipal fire
as much clear space to open yard storage adequate prot ecti on
equipment shall be
mm from open yard othe r
cable but shall be not less than 4,500 department, sufficient hose and
exterior masonry walls. the stora ge prope rty, suita bly housed and
piling unless buildings have blank kept on hand at
haz-
or containing pers onne l const antly avail-
Buildings of wood frame construction provision be made for trained
or nozzles shall be
ardous opera tions shall be at least 15.2 m from the able to put it into operation. Monit quantities of
vents, blower outlets, at strategic points where large
nearest storage pile; and explo sion provided
stored.
etc., not be direc ted towar d the yard storag e. highly combustible materials are
pment shall be acces-
9.4.8 Yard Maintenance an d Operatio
ns. The entire storage Hydrants and all fire fighting equi age shall be
tion of unnecessary orary stor
site shall be kept free fr om accu mula sible for use at all times. No temp
ds and grass shall be kept allowed to obstruct access to fire fighting equipment.
combustible materials. Woo
e dure prov ided for the periodic service shallbe provided
down and regular proc 9.4.11 Watch Service. Standard watch age area al
clean-up of the entire area. and continuouslythroughout the yard and stor
otherwise unoccupied. It is
idedto allow supervision of all times while the yard is
Adequate lighting shallbe prov means of supervising
at ni ght. required that there be some suitable
all parts of the storage area to be sure that he makes his
to the watchman’s activities
All electrical equipment
and installation shall | conform required rounds at regular inter
vals.
ippine Elec tric al Cod e.
the provision s of the Phil e of strategically placed
fire Att ention is directed to the valu stationed
l conform with established watch towers in large yard s where
a watchman,
All heating equipment shal braz iers , por tab le entire property under
rs,
at a point of vantage, can ki eep
the
preven tion standards. Salamande
shall not be used. s' hall be connected to the fire
heaters or othér open fires observation. Such towers
n of fire may be
prohibited in any location
where alarm system so that prompt notific atio
Smoking shall be strictly kin g” sign s shal l be given.
fire. “No Smo
the practice might cause ept in spec ific
rage area exc
posted throughout the sto smo kin g pur pos es. dards for Indoor and
for Article 9.5 Anti-Pollution for Stan
locations designated as safe
or Outdoor General Storage
Storage and Use of Motor
Vehicles using gasoline
9.4.9 es sho uld be
Liquefied Petroleum Gas
as Fuel . Veh icl stored in enclosed
Odor-producing material should be
rate deta che d building. Storage and 9.5.1
ventilation s ystem of
gar age d ina sepa
with approved stan dards of storage rooms/warehouses and the
handling of fuel shall conform

DR. EDWIN R. TORILLO, PME

 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM 15 October 2021

the same should be provided with a PPropriate and contro! rooms.

odor con-
trol facilities to preclude odor nuisa nce in the imme
diate Halon 1301 has not been found effective onthe following:
vicinity.
(a)' Certain chemicals or mixtures of such as cellulose
9.5.2 n yard storage of materials that resuk in wind-b nitrate and gunpowder which are capable of rapid
dust problems should be provided with or water setbihie oxidation in the absence of air.
systems.
(b) Reactive metals such as sodium potassium, magne-
sium, titanium, zirconium, uranium, and plutonium.
Article 9.6 Standard on Halon 1301 Fire
Extinguished Systems (c) Metal hydrides.

(d) Chemicals capable of undergoing autothermal de-

Scope. This standard contains minimum requi
9.6.1 rements tor composition, such as certain organic peroxides and
Halon 1301 fire extinguishing systems. It includes only the hydrazine.
necessary essentials to make the standard workable in 9.6.5 Types of Systems. There are two types of systems
the hands of those skilled in this field. Only those skilled recognized in this standard: Total Flooding Systems
in this workeare competent to design and install this and
Local Application Systems. A total flooding system con-
equipment. It may be necessary for many of those charg
e Sists of a supply of Halon 1301 arranged to dischar
ge into,
with inspecting, testing, approving, Operating and main- and fill to the proper concentration, an enclosed space or
taining this equipment to consult with an experienced and enclosure about the hazard. A Loca/ Application System
competent engineer in order to effectively discharge their consists of a supply of Halon 1301 arranged to discharge
respective duties. directly on the burning material.

9.6.2 Purpose. This standard is prepared for the use and 9.6.6 Duration of Protection. It is important effective agent
guidance of those charged with designing, installing, concentration not only be achieved, but that it be main-
testing, approving, listing, operating and maintaining tained for a sufficient period of time to allows effective
halongenated agent extinguishing system (Halon 1301), emergency action by trained personnel. Halon 1301 extin-
in order that such equipment will function as intended guishing systems normally provide protection for a period
throughout its life. of minutes, but are exceptionally effective for certain
applications.
9.6.3 General information and requirements. Halon 1301 is
acolorless, odorless, electrically non-conductive gas that 9.6.7 Safety.
is an effective medium for extinguishing fires. The chemi-
calproperties
of the gas is bromotrifluorromethane (CBrF3) 9.6.7.1 Hazards to Personnel. Experience and test-
generally common known as Halon 1301. ing have shown that personnel may be ex-
posed to Halon 1301 vapors in low concentra-
Halon 1301 extinguishes fires by inhibiting the chemical tion for a brief periods without risk; however,
reaction of fuel and oxygen. The extinguishing effect due . unnecessary exposure is not recommend.
to cooling or dilution of oxygen or fuel vapor concentration Exposure to high concentration or for pro-
is minor. longed periods may produce dizziness, im-
paired coordination and disturbances in car-
9.6.4 Use and limitations. Halon 1301 fire extinguishing sys- diac rhythm. Where there is a possibility that
tem are useful within the limits of this standard in extin- people may be trapped in or enter into atmo-
guishing fires in specific hazards or equipment, and in spheres made hazardous, suitable safequards
occupancies where an electrically conductive medium is shall be provided to ensure prompt evacuation
essential or desirable, where clean up of other media of and to prevent entry and also to provide
presents a problem or weight vs. extinguishing potential is means for-prompt rescue of any trapped per-
a factor. Some of the more important type of hazards and sonnel. ;
equipment that Halon 1301 systems may satisfactorily
protect include; 9.6.7.2 Specifications, Plans and Approvals.

(a) Gaseous and liquid flammable materials. Spetitications, plans and calculations shall be
prepared under the supervision of a person
(b) Electrical hazards such as transformers, oil switches
fully experienced and qualified in the design of
and circuits breakers, and rotating equipment.
Halon 1301. Detail on the system shall include
(c) Engines utilizing gasoline and other flammable fuels. information and calculations on the amount of
Halon 1301; container storage pressure; type
(4) Ordinary combustibles such as paper, wood, and
textiles. and flow rate of each nozzle including equiva-
‘lent orifice area, pipe sizes and equivalent
(e) Hazardous solids. length. Piping shall be black or galvanized
(f) Electronic computers, data processing equipment steel pipe, seamless or electric resistance weld

DR. EDWIN R. TORILLO, PME

 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM 15 October 2021

and vapor phases

mixture of the liquid
um pipeline flow. 4, -
either ASTM A-53 or ASTM A-120 Schedule presen t dur ing equ ili bri
cs ly
required inthe
40. Class 300 Ibs pipe fitting shall be used. For phases turbulent flo wis
of the liqu id <i
ara tio n
in order to prevent sep
than
system more than 360 Psi and not more
flow generally 4
600 psi, schedule 80 pipe shall be used. The vapor phases . Tur bul ent
=
gas shall be by flow rates exceed
release of the Halon 1301 tained when pipeline in Table 9.6.7.3
@
automatic actuation, by means of listedsmoke, s given
minimum flow rate
flame, heat detectors and by the use of one or g has
more electric control! equipment panel, the Halon 1301 gas fire extinguishin system
lar to Com put er elec tronic data
required related alarm devices shall be in- bee n very popu
ts andUPS (Unin.
cluded. processing areas, tape vaul ent. Howeve,
rup ted pow er sup ply ) equipm
ter
Class 150 Ib. and cast iron pipe fittings shall not the Halon 1301 gas alongwith Halon 1211, ang
the
not be produced by
be used. other freon gases will gas
in year 200 0. The
used in manufacturer worldwide
9.6.7.3 Halon 1301 total flooding shall not be the gas is
in nor- will be banned after this year as
concentration greater than 10 percent the ozone layers of the uni-
(2-5.2) greatly affecting
mally occupied areas. Table 9-5.7A verse. The causes of the so-called “Green.
quan-
shows the determination of Halon 1301
house Effect” are due to the releasing of these
tity for total flooding.
gases in our atmosphefe. At present the gas
Discharge Time. The agent discharge shall be marufpclirer Ms ihe-Unhey Sister aes devel-a
substantially completed in a nominal 10 sec- oping a substitute gas to Halon 1301 with
is now
onds or as otherwise required by the authority trade name of FE-100. The new gas
having jurisdictions. under experiment for the safety and effect to
human being and the mother nature.
and perfor-
For proper system flow calculation
mance, it is necessary that a homogenous

Table 9.6.7.(a)
Halon 1301 Total Flooding Quantity

Halon 1301 Weight Requirements

Halon 1301 of Hazard Volume (1) [lb./#t.9)
Temperature Specific Vapor
Volume Volume (4) ‘
t Halon 1301 Concentration-C-% By 9 10
oF ft. 3/b. 6 7 8
3 4 5
(2) (3)
0471 .0536 .0602
.0285 .0345 .0407
.0167 .0225 .0458 .0521 .0585
—70 1.8468 .0336 .0396
.0163 .0219 .0277 .0507 .0570
—60 1.8986 .0327 0386 .0446
.0158 0213 .0270
— 50 1.9502
.0434 .0494 .0555
.0263 .0319 .0376
.0154 -0208 .0423 .0482 0541
—40 2.0016 .0311 .0366
.0151 .0203 .0256 .0470 0528
—30 2.0530 .0303 .0357 0413
.0147 .0198 .0250 .0459 0515
—20 2.1042 .0296 .0349 .0403
0143 .0193 .0244 .0448 0504
—10 2.1552 .0289 .0341 .0394
.0189 .0239 .0438 0492
0 2.2062 =. 0140 .0334 .0385
.0185 .0233 0283 0481
2.2571 .0137 .0326 .0377 .0429
10 .0228 .0277 0471
.0134 .0181 .0369 .0419
20 2.3078 .0271 .0319
.0131 .0177 .0223 .0411 0461
30 - 2.3585 .0265 .0312 .0361
.0128 .0173 .0218 0.402 0452
40 2.4091 .0306 .0354
.0214 .0260
.0126 .0169
50 .24597
.0346 0394 0443
0254 .0300
0166 .0210 .0386 .0434
2.5101 .0123 .0294 .0340
60 .0163 .0206 0249 .0379 0426
2.5605 0121 .0288 .0333
70 .0202 0244 .0417
.0118 .0160 .0327 .0371
80 2.6109 .0240 .0283
.0156 .0198 .0365 ,0410
2.6612 .0116 .0277 ° .0320
90 0235 .0402
.0114 .0154 .0194
0272 0315 .0358
100 2.7114
0151 .0190 .0231 0351 .0395
110 2.7616 0112 .0227 0267 0309
0110 0148 0187 .0303 0345 .0388
120 2.8118 0223 .0263
0108 0145 0184
0298 .0340 0382
130 2.8619 .0181 0219 .0258 .0375
2.9119 0106 0143 0254 .0293 0334
140 0140 0178 0215 .0328 0369
150 2.9620 .0104 0212 .0250 .0289
.0103 .0138 0175
160 3.0120

DR. EDWIN R. TORILLO, PME

 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM 15 October 2021

170 3.1069 0101 0136

i” 3.1119 0099 0134 one 0208 0246 0284 0323 0363
190 3.1618 ~ 0098 0132 ‘0166 0205 .0242 .0280 .0318 .0357
bes 3.2116 ‘0096 ane je 0202 0238 0275 0313 0351
:Fc. BONE, 0234 .0271 .0308 0346
: w ane =< =
(1) agent Weight Requirements (-/~
Vv
~ tbr?) — Pounds : .
of agent required per cubic foot of protected volume to produce indicated concentration

wed tt)
attemperature specified.
Ss 100-C
@) Tempera ture (t — °F)
* — The= design n temperature in the hazard
azard area,
(3) Specific Volume (s #3/ib) Specific volume of superheated Halon 1301 vapor may be
approximated by the formula:
S = 2.2062+ .005046t
wheret = temperature, °F

(4) Concentration (C — %) — Volumetric concentration of Halon 1301 in air at the temperature indicated,

DR. EDWIN R. TORILLO, PME