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Université Djilali Bounaama Khemis Miliana: Département de La Technologie Génie Mécanique/génie Civil

The document discusses materials used in everyday life and their importance throughout history. It describes how early humans only had access to natural materials like clay, wood, and heat for production. With time, humans discovered techniques to produce materials with superior properties to natural ones, including metals and other manufactured substances. The document also discusses how modern techniques have led to a better understanding of material structure and characteristics.

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Midou Mhmd
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24 views3 pages

Université Djilali Bounaama Khemis Miliana: Département de La Technologie Génie Mécanique/génie Civil

The document discusses materials used in everyday life and their importance throughout history. It describes how early humans only had access to natural materials like clay, wood, and heat for production. With time, humans discovered techniques to produce materials with superior properties to natural ones, including metals and other manufactured substances. The document also discusses how modern techniques have led to a better understanding of material structure and characteristics.

Uploaded by

Midou Mhmd
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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université djilali bounaama khemis miliana

Faculté des Sciences et de la Technologie


Département de la Technologie
Génie mécanique/Génie Civil
E-MAIL [email protected]
Anglais technique et terminologie
Level: M1

First name: Last name: spécialité:

Question1

Work with a partner. Fill the gaps in the text with words from the box in their correct form.

alloy; characteristic; communication; clay; crystal; heat; housing; manipulate; metal; pot-
tery; property (2); skin; specimen; substance; structure; technological; wood

Materials used in food, clothing,………….……communication………., transportation, recreation and …………


housing………………….. Influence virtually every segment of our everyday lives. Historically, materials have
played a major role in the development of societies, whose advancement depended on their access to
materials and on their ability to produce and ……………manipulate……………..…. them. In fact, historians
named civilizations by the level of their materials development, e.g. the Stone Age (beginning around 2.5
million BC), the Bronze Age (3500 BC), and the Iron Age (1000 BC). The earliest humans had access to only a very
limited number of materials, those that occur naturally, e.g. ……clay……………….…., ……………………Wood.
………………………. and ………………heat…………….…. . With time they discovered techniques for producing materials
that had properties superior to those of the natural ones; these new materials included …………………………metal
……………….……. and various ……………………………substances…….……………. . Furthermore, early humans discovered
that the properties of a material could be altered by ………heat……………………………….………. treatments, e.g. to
soften metals, and by adding other ……………………………substances………….………. to produce a new material, e.g.
by melting copper, then mixing it with tin to form bronze which could be regarded as the first
………………………………specimen….……………. . Until recently, selecting a material involved choosing from a number of
familiar materials the one most appropriate for the intended application by virtue of its characteristics but
without
knowing much about its structure.

Only in the 19th century did scientists begin to understand the relationships between the structural elements
of materials and their …………………………characteristics…………….………. . In 1864 the Englishman Henry Sorby first
showed the microstructure of a metal when he developed a technique for etching the surface layer of a polished
metal ……………………………….………………. by a chemical reaction. He used a light reflecting microscope to show that
the material consisted of small ………………………crystals…………….…………. which reflected the light in different
ways because they were oriented in different directions. The crystals were well fitted together and joined along
grain boundaries. Modern techniques such as x-ray diffraction, transmittance electron microscopy (TEM)
and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) make possible to see further into the ………………………
structure……………….………. of materials, which leads to a better understanding of their characteristics and
promotes intentional alteration and improvement of their ………………properties………………….……………. . By now
more than 50,000 materials with specialized …………………………………….…………. have been developed and are
available to the engineer, who has to choose the one best suited to serve the given purpose. Since much of
what can be done ……………………………………….………. is limited by the available materials, engineers must
constantly develop new materials with improved properties.
(from Callister, modified and abridged)

Question2

1. What are the main branches of engineering?


……Chemical engineering · Civil engineering · Electrical engineering · Mechanical engineering………………………………
2. What is branche of engineering deals with machines?
……………Mechanical engineering…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. What are the branche of engineers are concerned with planes?
université djilali bounaama khemis miliana
…………………………………aeronautical engineering ………………………………………………………………………………………

4. What is Materials Engineering ? Explain*


…Materials Engineers use math, physics, and chemistry as tools to explore, understand, and control how materials
work……………………………………………………………

5. What are the main drawings types and scale:


……………………………………Plain scale. Diagonal scale. Vernier scale. Comparative scale. Scale off chords.………
Question 3

Write your curriculum vitae in new paper


université djilali bounaama khemis miliana

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