2/20/2013

Microprocessor and Interfacing II

ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE
PROGRAMMING

ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE
PROGRAMMING

 Software: The Microcomputer Program.

 Assembly Language Programming
Development on the PC.
 The Instruction Set.
 Addressing Mode.

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Software : The Microcomputer

Program.
 The sequence of commands used to tell a
microcomputer what to do is called a program.
Each command in a program is an instruction.
 The 8088 microprocessor performs operations for
117 basic instructions.
 Programs must be coded in machine language
before they can be run by the 8088. However,
programs are normally written in 8088 assembly
language or a high-level language such as C.
 A single machine language instruction can take
one to six bytes of code.

Software : The Microcomputer

Program
 An instruction can be divided into two parts:
 Operation code (opcode)- one-to five-letter
mnemonic
Destination Operand
Opcode
 Operands
Source Operand
ADD AX, BX
 Format of an assembly statement :
LABEL:INSTRUCTION ; COMMENT
e.g. START: MOV AX, BX; Copy BX into AX

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Software : The Microcomputer

Program
 Assembly language must be converted by an
assembler to an equivalent machine language
program for execution by an 8088.
 A directive is a statement that is used to control
the translation process of the assembler.
e.g. DB 64 DUP(?)
 The machine language output produced by the
assembler is called object code.
 Listing of the assembled program
e.g. 0013 8A 24 NXTPT: MOV AH , [SI] ; Move a byte

Software : The Microcomputer

Program
 Assembly language versus high-level language.
 It is easier to write program with high-level
language.
 Program written in assembly language usually
takes up less memory space and executes much
faster.
 Device service routines are usually written in
assembly language.
 Assembly language is used to write those parts of
the application that must perform real-time
operations, and high-level language is used to
write those parts that are not time critical.

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Assembly Language Programming

Development on the PC
 Program development cycle

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Assembly Language Programming

Development on the PC

The development programs and users files

The Instruction Set

 The instruction set of a microprocessor
defines the basic operations that a
programmer can specify to the device to
perform.
 Instruction set groups
 Data transfer instructions
 Arithmetic instructions
 Logic instructions
 String manipulation instructions
 Control transfer instructions
 Processor control instructions

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The Instruction Set

 Data transfer instructions

The Instruction Set

 Data transfer instructions

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The Instruction Set

 Arithmetic instructions

The Instruction Set

 Arithmetic instructions

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The Instruction Set

 Logic instructions

The Instruction Set

 String manipulation instructions

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The Instruction Set

 Control transfer instructions

The Instruction Set

 Control transfer instructions

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The Instruction Set

 Control transfer instructions

The Instruction Set

 Process control instructions

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The MOVE Instruction

 The move (MOV) instruction is used to
transfer a byte or a word of data from a
source operand to a destination operand.

e.g. MOV DX , CS
MOV [SUM] , AX

The MOVE Instruction

 Note that the MOV instruction cannot
transfer data directly between external
memory.

Allowed operands for MOV instruction

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The MOV Instruction

 MOV DX, CS

The MOV Instruction

 MOV DX, CS

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Addressing Modes
 Register operand addressing mode
 Immediate operand addressing mode
 Memory operand addressing mode
 Direct addressing mode
 Register indirect addressing mode
 Based addressing mode
 indexed addressing mode
 Based-indexed addressing mode

Addressing Modes
 Register operand addressing mode
The operand to be accessed is specified as residing in
an internal register of 8088.
e.g. MOV AX, BX

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Addressing Modes
 Register operand addressing mode

Addressing Modes
 Register operand addressing mode

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Addressing Modes
 Immediate operand addressing mode

Addressing Modes
 Immediate operand addressing mode

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Addressing Modes
 Memory addressing modes
To reference an operand in memory, the 8088
must calculate the physical address (PA) of the
operand and then initiate a read or write operation
to this storage location.

Addressing Modes
 Memory addressing modes – Direct
addressing mode

e.g. MOV AX, [1234H]

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Addressing Modes
 Memory addressing modes – Direct
addressing mode

Addressing Modes
 Memory addressing modes – Direct
addressing mode

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Addressing Modes
 Memory addressing modes – Register indirect
addressing mode

e.g. MOV AX, [SI]

Addressing Modes
 Memory addressing modes – Register indirect addressing
mode
PA = 0200016+123416=0323416

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Addressing Modes
 Memory addressing modes – Register indirect addressing mode
PA = 0200016+123416=0323416

Addressing Modes
 Memory addressing modes – Based addressing mode

e.g. MOV [BX] + 1234H , AL

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Addressing Modes
 Memory addressing modes – Based addressing mode
PA =0200016 + 100016 +123416 =0423416

Addressing Modes
 Memory addressing modes – Based addressing mode
PA =0200016 + 100016 +123416 =0423416

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Addressing Modes
 Memory addressing modes – Indexed addressing
mode

e.g. MOV AL , [SI] +1234H

Addressing Modes
 Memory addressing modes – Indexed addressing
PA = 02000 +2000 +1234 = 05234
16 16 16 16

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Addressing Modes
 Memory addressing modes – Indexed addressing mode
PA = 02000 +2000 +1234 = 05234
16 16 16 16

Addressing Modes
 Memory addressing modes – Based-indexed addressing
mode

e.g. MOV AH, [BX][SI + 1234H]

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Addressing Modes
 Memory addressing modes – Based-indexed addressing mode
PA = 02000 + 1000 + 2000 + 1234 = 06234
16 16 16 16 16

Addressing Modes
 Memory addressing modes – Based-indexed addressing mode
PA = 02000 + 1000 + 2000 + 1234 = 06234
16 16 16 16 16

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