You are going to read an article about dealing with addiction.

Six sentences have been removed from

the article. There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use.

The term 'exercise addiction' was coined in 1976 by Dr William Glasser when he was studying long-distance
runners. He noticed that many of them experienced low moods when they couldn't train, and he came to
differentiate between positive and negative addictions: a positive addiction involves a love of the activity, and
the exercise is scheduled around other everyday activities. You run your running schedule, for example, rather
than it running you, and an enforced day off isn't the end of the world. The results are increased feelings of
physical and psychological wellbeing. Relationships and work suffer, a day away from the gym causes
distress, and health can decline as overtraining leads to injury and illness.

Two types of negative exercise addiction have since been defined. Secondary addiction is probably the most
common, where the compulsion to exercise is driven by a need to control and change one's body shape, and
is often accompanied by an eating disorder. 'Whatever workout my client was doing, I'd do it, too,
alongside them, supposedly to motivate them, but in fact it was to keep my weight down. In total, I was doing
several hours of cardio every day, and I didn't actually enjoy the exercise. I hated the feeling of not having the
perfect body even more, though.'

With Primary addiction, body image isn't so central. It works like this: when we exercise strenuously,
we activate our sympathetic nervous system, causing a rise in the concentration of serotonin and other
chemicals in the brain which make us feel happy.

At the same time, the body produces endorphins which shut down pain signals reaching the brain. Add
all these together, and you have a recipe for mild euphoria.

Unfortunately, just as the body's tolerance of drugs increases, so it is with endorphins: more are required to
produce the same thrill, so the exercise intensity has to be increased.

Tony, who took drugs daily for almost a decade, then took to running half-marathons. He admits that getting
the kick got harder. He said he'd lie awake at night thinking about the next day's session. It still wasn't as good
as the drugs he was on before. Sports and exercise psychologist Paul Russell has encountered many people
like Tony. 'Exercise addiction tends to be a more temporary addiction, marking time before the person returns
to the basic ones, like drugs. If they haven't sorted out the reasons for this state, via counselling for
example, they'll have to direct that need to something else.

A. Half an hour of intense aerobic exercise can produce five times the amount you 'd have if you were sitting
down.
B. Low concentrations of these are closely linked to depression.
C. It may be, though, that the thrill can never quite compare with that achieved by taking drugs.
D. People become addicted to something because there's an underlying unhappiness.
E. Steve, a personal trainer, used his work to mask his secondary addiction.
F. The thrill from the exercise is the thing, the drug-like feelings brought about by the activity are what addicts
want.
G. With a negative addiction, on the other hand, exercise overrides everything.
For questions 1-8, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap.

THE HISTORY OF CONVERSE

In 1908, the Converse Rubber Shoe Company began trading in the USA. Initially, the company made simple
rubber-so led footwear for men, women and children. By 1910, Converse was 4,000 pairs a day.
The company's main turning came in 1917, when the red-and-white basketball shoe was
introduced. This was a real innovation, the sport was in its infancy. Then, in 1921, 'Chuck' Taylor, a
basketball player, the company complaining of sore feet. Converse immediately him as a
representative, and he promoted their shoes for the of his career. In 1941, when the USA became
involved in the Second World War, Converse shifted production to manufacturing boots, and protective
for pilots and soldiers.

Converse shoes were hugely popular with teenagers during the 1950s, and in 1966 the company added a
range of new colours. They remained popular until the 1980s, but lost a large proportion of their
share during the 1990s with the appearance of trainers.

1. A preparing B producing C creating D constructing

2. A point B place C pot D situation
3. A accounting B considering C viewing D bearing
4. A communicated B wrote C contacted D spoke
5. A employed B occupied C worked D invited
6. A remains B surplus C rest D remnants
7. A dress B cloth C attire D clothing
8. A young B primary C early D first
9. A shop B sales C retail D market

For questions 1-8, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. · Use only one
word in each gap.
Strategies for improving how you learn
As soon you have found out what your learning style is, there are number of
strategies you can put into practice to improve how you learn. If you are a visual learner, you should take
notes in class or in lectures you are not provided with handouts. You will find it helpful to use a
highlighter pen emphasize the most important information. Also, try to find sources of information
are illustrated. Visual stimuli, whether in a book or a video, will help you understand and remember
things. If you are an auditory learner, you might benefit from recording a lecture than taking notes.
You will learn from discussing your ideas with others, too. Kinaesthetic learners find it hard to sit still for long
so if you are studying an exam, you will benefit from frequent breaks. Moving around trying
to memorize something or doing another activity at the same time will also beneficial.
Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the
same line.

Nowadays, prize money for women tennis ,at least PLAY

in the major , is equal to men's. But some male players COMPETE
do not think this is fair. Their is that as men spend more ARGUE
time on the court per match, they should get paid more. Probably, and
not surprisingly, many women tennis players AGREE
saying that they train just as hard as the men, are just as skilled and
the they provide is the same. However, and like many ENTERTAIN
athletes, most of their income does not come from official prize money.
Instead, it comes from contracts with fashion and SPONSOR
sportswear companies, turning some sports stars into millionaires at
a very young and vulnerable age. It is surprising then that HARD
some sports stars are to cope with the pressure that ABLE
goes hand in hand with being and consequently become FAME
victims of their own success.

LISTENING PART:
You will hear a man talking about hyper-parenting. For questions 1-10, complete the sentences with
a word or short phrase.

Hyper-parenting

Cathy Hagner's children have , soccer and piano practice after school.
Cathy admits that everyone in the family is suffering from because of their lifestyle.
Hyper-parenting affects parents in the United States and Britain.
Expectant mothers are told that they have to eat
More and more children are getting because they are so stressed and tired.
Many children have to attend after school because both parents work.
Some of the children who do activities outside school are only years of age.
Parents worry that they are their children if they don't give them every opportunity.
Terri Apter has found that many teenagers can't cope with they have when they start college.
Apter advises that, along with organizing extra-curricular activities for their children, parents should give them
enough time for .
You will hear people talking in eight different situations. For questions 1-8, choose the best answer
(A, B or C).

1. You hear a man telling a friend about an email he has received. How did the man respond to the
email?
A He gave the information he was asked for.
B He checked the authenticity of the email.
C He realized immediately that someone was trying to trick him.
2. You hear someone talking about her first impressions of someone. How did she react when he
suggested meeting for a drink?
A She agreed immediately.
B She refused.
C She hesitated but then agreed.
3. You hear a conversation between a young man and an older relative. What does the young man say
he's going to do at the weekend?
A go for a job interview
B send the company his CV
C find out more about the company
4. You hear someone describing how he heard about winning a competition for a mobile phone. What
does the speaker now regret?
A going in for the competition
B giving personal information
C forgetting to charge the phone
5. You hear two friends talking about tennis. What do we find out about the speakers?
A They've been playing tennis for the same length of time.
B They've often played each other at tennis.
C Neither woman knew that the other played tennis.
6. You hear someone talking about a bad experience on a social networking site. What is the speaker's
advice to other people?
A Don't put personal details on social networking sites.
B Ignore offensive messages after two weeks.
C Report offensive messages to the police.
7. You hear a message on an answering machine. Why is the speaker apologizing?
A She didn’t speak to the friend she is calling.
B She didn't recognize a relative of the friend.
C She was too busy shopping to call her friend earlier.
8. You hear a politician talking about his appearance. What does he say about the kind of clothes he
wears?
A He wears formal clothes when he is involved in official duties.
B He wears formal clothes for work and at home.
C He wears informal clothes when he's meeting members of the public.