Scribd
Upload
77 views

Engg. Physics Lab Manual Transistor Characterics SL No 10

The document summarizes an experiment to study the input and output characteristics of an npn transistor in common emitter mode. It involves measuring the input resistance by varying the base-emitter voltage at constant collector-emitter voltage. It also involves measuring the current gain by varying the collector current for different fixed base currents and calculating the ratio. The procedures, circuit diagram, observations and calculations are described to find the input resistance, current gain and amplification factor from the transistor characteristics curves.

Uploaded by

Jvjvj
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
77 views

Engg. Physics Lab Manual Transistor Characterics SL No 10

The document summarizes an experiment to study the input and output characteristics of an npn transistor in common emitter mode. It involves measuring the input resistance by varying the base-emitter voltage at constant collector-emitter voltage. It also involves measuring the current gain by varying the collector current for different fixed base currents and calculating the ratio. The procedures, circuit diagram, observations and calculations are described to find the input resistance, current gain and amplification factor from the transistor characteristics curves.

Uploaded by

Jvjvj
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

EXPERIMENT N0.

TRANSISTOR CHARACTERISTICS

Aim: To study the Input and Output characteristics of a given npn transistor in
Common Emitter mode and hence calculate the Input resistance, Current gain and
Amplification factor.

Apparatus: Transistor kit, npn transistor and patch cords.

Principle: The transistor is connected in common emitter mode. The emitter-base junction is forward
biased and collector-base junction is reverse biased. Transistor amplifies the electrical signal.
Amplification is the process of strengthening the signal by increasing its amplitude. The factor by
which the strength of the given input signal increases is called amplification factor.

Formula:
Input resistance Ri is the ratio of change in base-emitter voltage to the base current at constant output
voltageVCE. It is given by
Ri = (ΔVBE ∕ ΔIB )

The reciprocal of the slope gives the input resistance

Ri = ( ΔVBE ∕ ΔIB )= (1/slope) in Ohm

Current amplification factor (β): It is the ratio of change in collector current to the base current.
It is given by

𝚫𝐈𝐂
β=
𝚫𝐈𝐁

where β1 = (IC2 - IC1) / ( IB2 - IB1)


β2 = (IC3 - IC2) / ( IB3 - IB2)
β3 = (IC3 - IC1) / ( IB3 - IB1)

β = ( β1+ β2+ β3) / 3

𝛃
α=
(𝟏+ 𝛃)

11
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
TRANSISTOR CHARACTERISTICS:

Graph:

Observations:

Input characteristics Output characteristics


VCE =2v IB1=20 μA IB2=40 μA IB3= 60μA
VBE (volt) IB (μA) VCE (volt) IC (mA) IC (mA) IC (mA)
0 0
0.1 0.1
0.2 0.2
0.3 0.3
0.4 1
0.5 2
0.55 3
0.6 4
0.65 5
0.7 6
0.75 7
8
12
Procedure: The circuit connections are made as shown in the figure. Transistor is in common
emitter configuration.

Input characteristics:
1. The collector emitter voltage VCE is kept constant (say at 2volts).
2. Now, the base emitter voltage VBE is varied and the corresponding base current IB readings are
noted.
3. A graph of VBE against IB is plotted and Input resistance Ri is calculated by drawing a slope as
shown in the figure.

Output characteristics:
1. The base current IB is set to 20μA by varying VBB.
2. The voltmeter is connected to VCE.
3. The collector current Ic is noted for different values of collector-emitter voltage VCE.
4. This is repeated for different values of IB=40μA & IB=60μA.
5. The readings are tabulated and the graph is drawn with VCE along x-axis and IC along y-axis.
6. The readings under the three trials for IB are plotted in the same graph with VCE along the x-axis and
IC along y-axis.
7. The values of Ic1, Ic2 & Ic3 are noted as shown in the model graph.
8. The current amplification factor α and current gain β are calculated using the formula.

Result: From Input characteristics, Input Resistance Ri = …. Ω


Current amplification factor / Current Gain (CB Mode) α =
Current amplification factor / Current Gain (CE Mode) β =

13

You might also like