Role of Geologist in Coal Mining Industry

From Exploration to Production

Muh Dwiki Satrio Wicaksono
Exploration Geologist PT Bukit Asam Tbk
Introduction
Education
Bachelor of Geological Eng. 2011 – 2016

Occupation
Exploration Geologist 2016 – 2020
Exploration Assistant Manager 2020 – now

Organization
PERHAPI 2019 – now
MGEI, Profession Development 2019 – now

Contact
+62 878 3992 6599
[email protected]
muhdwikisatrio
www.linkedin.com/in/dwiki-satrio-wicaksono-01230bb
Outline
❑ Importance of Coal Exploration and Coal Mining

❑ Why’s Geologist Important

❑ Role of Geologist in Coal Mine Industry

❑ Challenge

❑ Closing
Importance of Coal Exploration & Mining
World Energy Consumption Forecast

(Source : Exxon Mobil, 2018 - 2018 Outlook for Energy: A View to 2040) (Source : BP 2019, 2019 Energy Outlook)

The need for energy resources and mining materials will always increase
along with the rate of population growth.
Why’s Geologist Important?
Exploration aims to improve geological model
accuracy to minimize geological risk so that
the geological conditions and coal quality are
mapped well.

Because geological risks have been

minimized, planning and mining can run
smoothly.
 Why’s Geologist Important? Geologist as
Competent Person Indonesia (CPI)
• Pelaporan Hasil Eksplorasi (PHE)
Berupa konsep geologi yang menyatakan
kisaran potensi kuantitas dan kadar dari
target eksplorasi.

• Estimasi Sumberdaya (ES)

Memiliki keprospekan beralasan yang pada
akhirnya dapat diekstraksi secara ekonomis.

• Estimasi Cadangan (EC)

Bagian dari sumberdaya terukur yang dapat
ditambang secara ekonomis dan telah
mempertimbangkan faktor pengubah.
Relationship between Exploration Results, Mineral Resources,
and Mineral Reserves (Code of KCMI 2017)
Business Process Overview
EXPLORATION PLANNING MINING DISTRIBUTION MARKETING
DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT

By belt conveyor/DT
INPUT LONG TERM SHORT TERM OVERBURDEN COAL
LIVE STOCK PORT
REMOVAL GETTING
• Geological Mapping
• Drilling • Mine Design • Mine Design • Stock Sampling • Port Sampling
• Stock Measurements • Stock Measurements
• Geophysical Survey
• Geochemical Survey
• Schedulling for
next 5 years
• Schedulling yearly,
monthly, and daily
Disposal Temporary • Single Product • Fine Tunning
• Probable Reserve • Probable Reserve Area Stockpile • Blending Product
• Proven Reserve • Proven Reserve • Volume and Quality • Volume and Quality

By Train
By HD/DT By DT Mine Brand Market Brand
OUTPUT By belt conveyor By vessel/barge

• Contour Structure & TRAIN LOADING

CUSTOMER
Isopach Map conduct front/mine sampling as iso-quality model cross check STATION
• Iso-Quality Map
• Resource Map conduct monthly pit monitoring as model geology cross check • Wagon Sampling • Double Check
• Delivering coal into Sampling
Port • Delivering coal into
Port

Re-check
Geologist = Technical Risk
Re-check Not
Risk Business Risk Suitable
Suitable
Role of Geologist
Geologists Role in Coal Industry
Preliminary Detail Mine
Exploration Exploration Production
Coal Deposit Discovery Resource to Reserve Coal Production

• PIT Monitoring :
• Regional Mapping • Detail Mapping ❑ Mine progress
• Drilling and Wellsite • Resource Drilling measurements
Geology • QAQC & Data Analysis ❑ Fault mapping
• Geophysical Survey • Geo-database ❑ Coal impurities mapping
• Geochemical Survey • 2D and 3D Modelling • Quality Control :
• Acid Mine Drainage ❑ Front & stockpile
• Resource and Reserve
Model sampling
Estimation
• Coal Reconcile :
• Geo-database • Geotechnical Eng. ❑ Survey/ Wight Bridge to
Model
• Slope Stability
Geological Mapping
Coal Deposit Discovery

• Determine the starting point and the

trajectory path
• Plotting location, coordinates measurements
(x,y,z) using GPS and compass
• Outcrops description and documentation
• Outcrop and Coal sampling
• Output : Geological Mapping Report
Drilling & Logging
Wellsite Geologist

• Control drilling progress and record

all the data from drilling activities
• Description (coring and cutting) and
conduct drilling sampling
• Supervise logging activities and
logging data validation
Acid Mine Drainage Model
Preliminary study for Environment

• Determine Potential Acid Forming (PAF) and

Non Acid Forming (NAF) formation
• Conduct trial test to determine which
formulation is best practice for disposal area
• Give recommendation for disposal and
reclamation area
Geodatabase
Data bank for further analysis

Collecting all exploration data, from collar, lithology, and quality

Drill Distribution Map Make sure all the data already validated
Geomodelling
Coal Seam and Coal Quality Model

Instrusi

Instrusi
Borehole Distribution

Coal Seam Model

Coal Quality Model
Model section
Geotechnical Eng.
For mining safety

• Conduct geotechnical monitoring and

slope stability analysis
• Provide geotechnical evaluations and
recommendations to mine planners and
operations Slope Stability Analysis

Inclinometer Monitoring Poles Slope Stability Radar

 PIT Monitoring
Mine Progress Measurements

• Update and validate model geology

• Make sure the model is still relevant
• As a basis for coal reconciliation
• Production control, check out how far coal Before After
being mined
Seam A1
Mine Sequence
Topography
Seam A2 Fault zone??
Coal Seam A1
Seam B
Seam A2
Seam A1

Overburdeen Seam B
Seam A2
Seam B

Mine Progress Measurements Measurements Results Topography vs Mine Sequence

PIT Monitoring
Structure Mapping Intrusi Coal

• Some faults and other structures detected after the

mine opened and difficult to model
• Unmodeled faults or intrusion can provide bias and
interfere mine operation
• Need adjustment from geologist to serve data as real Intrusi
Intrusi
as possible
Coal

fault
???

Coal
PIT Monitoring
Coal Impurities Mapping

• Impurities within coal can cause

problems, technically and
businessly.
• Geologist must provide detail
information about these presence. Impurities within coal

Coal Impurities Information Warning Sign

PIT Monitoring
Coal Impurities Mapping

Giving information on the

existence of impurities in
the mining sequence
Quality Control
Coal Sampling for Quality Assurance

• Conduct pit/front sampling to evaluate

quality model
• Compare quality data from borehole, front
area, stockpile, wagon, to port
• Model validation and evaluation
Quality Control
Coal Sampling for Quality Assurance Intrusion

Mine Sequence vs Quality Model

Coal sampling point

Stockpile vs Wagon Sampling
Reconciliation
to Recheck Model Accuracy and Precision

• Evaluating the quality of the model (tonnage, assay)

in use based on actual measurements
• Resource and reserve validation
• To understand mining performance
• Looking for room of improvement and where it
should be made

Mine Mine Ritase/

Borehole Coal Model Reserve Survey
Plan Production Weight Bridge

Quality Front Mine Port

Borehole Model
Reserve Mine Plan
Mine Stockpile
Wagon Stockpile
End User
Reconciliation
to Recheck Model Accuracy and Precision
Customer Data Geology
Database
Scope of Work Government Technology

• Long-term planning Infrastructu Diversificati

re on
• Short-term planning
• Environment Business
Developme Marketing
• Mining engineer nt

• Product control Geology

Distribution End User
• Distribution & marketing
• Business development
Product
Mining
• Infrastructure Control

• Government Environmen
t
Short-term
planning
Long-term
planning
 Future
Challenge
Future Challenge In Indonesia, the mining industry will continue to evolve and develop,
Energy and Mining Development especially after the government's call and the establishment of the
Mining Industry Holding

The raw materials of coal and mineral can be processed into various
kinds of products, so the value of these minerals can be increased
Future Challenge
Energy and Mining Development Mining commodities can become one
of the strengths of a country so that
each country will continue to develop
their mines
Future Challenge
Energy and Mining Development

Drone technology can help

in mine monitoring without
having to go to the mine
area. It can save time,
operational cost, and
reduce risk related to safety

The industrial revolution 4.0 has changed all work pattern

in all lines of business, including the mining industry.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT)

will play big role in mining where in the future we may no
longer need to go directly to the mine site, or even to
operate mining operations.
Closing
• Geologists has important role to provide geological data accurately to optimize
and maximize mine operations and company business process in general

• (Always) coordinating with others in order to cross check the accuracy data

• How to communicate with others in a good and simplest way, so that the
geology data can be well understood by non geology data consumers

• Maximize the potential of technology, whether related to geology or not, and

keep looking for opportunities that can be exploited in mines
 Q&A
Session