Module Test 4

Vocabulary 3 Collocations for thoughts and beliefs

Complete the sentences with a word or phrase
1 Academic verbs for thoughts and beliefs
from each box.
Complete the text with the words in the box.
There is one extra word. have open pass resign take
acknowledge assume conceive consider contradict
convince define speculate faith into consideration judgement themselves
to new ideas
Fifty years ago, people would have found it
1 Few people in the ability
impossible to 1 of a society
of companies to provide good customer service.
that discards perfectly sound products in order to
2 It’s not fair to on
obtain the newest model. But today, most people
something you know very little about.
will 2 that we 3
3 When building factories, governments have
ourselves as a throw-away society. Once, we
to the environmental
expected the products we purchased to last for
impact.
years, yet today, manufacturers 4
4 I guess they’ll have to to
long-lasting products as monetary losses. As
the fact that they won’t be able to buy a house.
a result, they employ a strategy of producing
5 I was surprised by his talk on our throw-away
products that will only last a short time. Producers
society but as I’m always I
5 that everyone wants to replace
found it very interesting.
products frequently and spend billions on advertising
to 6 consumers of this need. /5
Perhaps, not surprisingly, feedback from consumers 4 Signposting words
is beginning to 7 the belief that Choose the correct options in italics to complete
they want to constantly replace products. In fact, the text.
research suggests that people want to return to the 1 Although/Despite/However efforts by governments
time when quality mattered. to encourage more recycling, the world cannot keep
/7 up with the volume of rubbish being produced.
2 Impersonal style in writing and speaking 2 Therefore/In addition/Whereas, it’s vital that more
Complete the sentences with the correct form of is done to spread the message. There are dedicated
the words in brackets. groups around the world campaigning for more
recycling but changing entrenched attitudes is
1 There is a (lack/aware)
challenging. 3 In conclusion/Nevertheless/Finally, it is
about environmental protection in some
not an option to give up if we want our world to be
industries.
a better place. 4 However/Whereas/Although, it would
2 It is (wide/accept) that
seem that the worst culprits are countries where
valuable mineral resources are disappearing fast.
throw-away consumerism flourishes 5 consequently/
3 There is an (underlie/
despite/due to the country’s wealth. In poorer nations,
believe) that waste products just magically
people frequently recycle goods as many are unable
disappear.
to purchase luxuries or even basic essentials.
4 It is a (common/assume)
6 On the contrary/For instance/In particular, sandals
that eating a balanced diet will lead to a longer
made out of motor tyres are a common sight in
life.
many parts of Africa, 7 whereas/despite/nevertheless
5 It has been (universal/
they would be considered unacceptable in some
agree) that people need to reduce the amount of
wealthier societies. 8 In addition/Initially/In conclusion,
waste they produce.
it seems that throw-away consumer societies have
/5 forgotten how to recycle.
/8

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 Module Test 4

Language development 7 Express opinions with that

Put the words in the correct order to make
5 Form clauses
sentences.
Match the sentences (1–5) with the errors (A–E).
1 many organisations / that / take into
1 Experts are agreeing that over-consumption of the
consideration / economic resources / We must /
world’s resources cannot continue in the way it
to make / by environmental laws / do not have
has been for the past few decades.      
enough / the changes required /.
2 The majority of these natural resources are found

in poorer countries, which unable to benefit from
2 that / will collapse / much of the world / without
these materials.      
sustainable growth / Some / as we know it /
3 Because they are primarily extracted for the
economists speculate /.
production of goods sold to and used by a

minority of the world’s population.      
3 the future is bleak / that / disagree / the planet /
4 The worst thing is that many of the materials
and believe / can be saved / Many people /.
we consume are finite resources cannot be

replenished.      
4 and cannot be ignored / have acknowledged / are
5 Sustainability is therefore a key factor in preserving
irrefutably true / the findings in the report / Top
the planet’s resources without modern lifestyles
experts / that /.
cannot continue.

A no verb /4
B wrong tense
C object needed 8 Pronoun referencing
D a missing clause Match the pronouns in bold (1–10) to the words
E a missing conjunction they are referencing (A–J).
/5 Recent surveys indicate that consumers are now
doing more than half of 1 their shopping online and
6 Subordinate clauses that 2 this market is worth around £645 billion in the
Match the subordinate clauses (1–6) with the UK, US, China and Germany. The phenomenal rate
main clauses (A–F). of growth, most of 3 which is driven by the ever-
1 Whereas most people enjoy going shopping to increasing power of the smartphone, looks set to
buying presents, continue at a phenomenal rate. It seems that another
2 When I feel tired at the end of a long day, reason for 4 this is that online shops are encouraging
3 If a vital appliance like a washing machine, cooker, consumers to shop with 5 them by offering free
dishwasher or fridge breaks down, returns and low prices, 6 which traditional bricks
4 Because we can only wear one outfit at a time, and mortar shops are finding hard to compete
with. So what are the main advantages of shopping
5 Although my friends love clothes shopping, online? Firstly, 7 it has to do with the prices, 8 which
are generally lower online because consumers can
6 Whenever someone asks me to go shopping, compare them on many different sites. Secondly,
there is the convenience of shopping whenever you
A I feel a total lack of desire to look at stuff which like, 9 which is ideal for working people who can’t
will only clutter my home environment. get to stores during 10 their working hours.
B then I will replace it but you won’t catch me 1 2 3 4 5
buying a new one. 6 7 8 9 10
C I can’t see the point of it.
D most of our clothes stay in the wardrobe and are A online shops
hardly ever worn. B online
E the last thing I want to do is tidy up. C working people
F I find it a huge chore. D consumers
E prices
/6
F phenomenal rate of growth
G convenience
H phenomenal growth rate
I free returns and low prices
J advantages of shopping online
/10
TOTAL /50

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