GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY

Colegio Santa María -Toledo 2º ESO

UNIT 7 – ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

● Pasture: a field covered with grass that animals can eat
● Price: the value assigned to a good or service.
● Supply: the products available on the market
● Demand: the goods or services that consumers are prepared to buy
● Manufacturing: the making of ar cles on a large scale using machinery; industrial produc on.
● Produc on consists of the crea on of goods and services
● Distribu on involves transpor ng goods from the producer to the consumer
● Consump on is based on using the goods and services produced
● Renewable resources are resources that they won't be ex nct.
● Non-renewable resources Are resources that if we explote it, it will be ex nct.
● Goods: things that can be sold or owned.

UNIT 8 – THE PRIMARY SECTOR

● Mechaniza on: use of machines to carry out an ac vity, in order to use less me and effort.
● Irriga on: produc on is intensified thanks to irriga on, fer liza on and pest control
● Fresh water: zone that allows fishing and catching fish.
● Fish pot: urn in which fish are caught.
● Deep-sea fishing: is the fishing in the inner part of the sea.
● Local markets: markets of a small area.
● Self-consump on: consump on of products obtained by ourselves and that we are going to consume as
well.
● Draught animals: domes c animals used for transport
● Feed: give food to a living thing
● Crops: a group of plants on a field or plot of land
● Boundaries: real or imaginary line that separates one state from another.
● Meadows: flat and humid land where the grass that serves as pasture to livestock grosor is cul vated

UNIT 9 – THE SECONDARY SECTOR

● Biomass: Non-renewable source that is obtain by processing waste products and can be converted into
biofuels
● Coal fields: Are the places where the miners take the coal
● Co on: It is a so and fluffy basic fiber.
● Cra manship: Is a place where raw materials are con nuously being transformed into products.
● Energy sources: Resources that make products from raw materials.
● Ferrous: It is an adjec ve that indicates when something contains iron
● Fibre: It's a natural or ar ficial substance o en used in the manufacture of other materials
● Metallurgical: The technique or science of working or hea ng metals
● Non-renewable energy sources: Type of source which doesn't respect the environment.
● Petroleum/ Crude oil: Liquid used for fuel, electricity and raw material located under the sea ground.
● Raw materials: The basic material from which a product is made.
● Renewable energy sources: Type of energy source that is friendly to the environment.
● Resin: It's a solid substance, they are mixtures of organic compounds.
● Tidal power: Renewable source that uses the movements of water for produce energy.
● Wool: Wool is a natural fiber obtained from sheep, llamas, alpacas ..

Author: Mario Sanz Rodrigo

 UNIT 10 – THE TERTIARY SECTOR
● Training: a group of knowledge acquired.
● Innova on: is to improve a product.
● Afford: to have enough money or me to pay for something.
● Retailers: a person or business that sells goods directly to the public in small quan es.
● Industrial state: an especial area where there are many businesses and factories
● Logis c: The careful organisa on and implementa on of a complex ac vity
● Street vending: it is a non-sedentary sale carried out by merchants, outside a commercial established.
● Loans: amounts of money or something else that is borrowed.
● Banking: bank employee who is dedicated to financial opera ons.
● Finance: sets of goods available to a person.
● Shops via: It is an online shop that you can pay with a online coin that is called “bitcoin”
● Mass media: is a type of communica on media
● Exports: are the goods and services that are sold to foreign countries.
● Imports: are the goods and services produced abroad and brought into the country.
● Major trade: moves large quan es of merchandise in order to sell it to other merchants or companies.
● Minor trade: involves buying from wholesalers and selling directly to consumers.
● Leisure: me when one is not working or occupied; free me.
● Seasonality: a temporal imbalance in the phenomenon of tourism.

UNIT 11 – ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

● Deple on: a significant reduc on in the quan ty of something
● Trawling: It consist in the use of a net that crawls on the ground to catch the fish
● Biomass: It’s organic ma er that is used as a source of energy
● Sovereignty: refers to the possession of ul mate legal authority within a defined territory.
● Jurisdic on: refers to the authority to exercise legal power.

UNIT 12 – THE WORLD OF GLOBALISATION

● Military alliances: a poli cal agreement that seeks the associa on of two or more states
● Terrorist groups: people that kill people to cause fear for poli cal reasons
● Financial market: a space in which financial exchange takes place
● Coopera on: collabora ve and associa ve methods are used that facilitate objec ve
● G7: is made up of the countries with the most economic and military power
● BRICS: interna onal organisa ons should be reformed so that there is more propor onal representa on
● Spread: extend over a large or increasing area
● Ter arisa on: A change from primary and secondary sector to the ter ary sector
● Financialisa on: The increase in size and importance of a country’s financial sector rela ve to its general
economy