EEE 363

ELECTRIC MACHINES

Class Schedule : MW 1:00 PM – 2:30 PM

Instructor : Dr. Shohana Rahman Deeba

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Office: SAC-1010B
Email: [email protected]

Acknowledgement: Dr. Mithulan Nadarajah

The University of Queensland, Australia
TRANSFORMER
 3

Transformer
• Transformer working principle
• Ideal Transformer
• Practical Transformer
• Equivalent Circuit of a Transformer
• Hysteresis Losses
• Core Modeling
• Voltage Regulation
• Losses

Dr. Shohana Rahman Deeba, Assistant Professor, ECE-NSU

 4

Transformer

• History
- The principle of Transformer : Based on the Michael Farady’s (1791-1867) work
- Given two magnetically coupled coils, a changing current in one coil induces an
Electromotive Force (EMF) in the other coil.
- Such electromagnetically induced EMFs are called transformer voltage
- Such specifically arranged coils are called Transformers

Dr. Shohana Rahman Deeba, Assistant Professor, ECE-NSU

 5

Transformer

Dr. Shohana Rahman Deeba, Assistant Professor, ECE-NSU

 6

Single Phase Transformer

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H2hYUu8lPY0

Dr. Shohana Rahman Deeba, Assistant Professor, ECE-NSU

 7

A closer look….

Dr. Shohana Rahman Deeba, Assistant Professor, ECE-NSU

 8

A closer look….

Dr. Shohana Rahman Deeba, Assistant Professor, ECE-NSU

 9

A closer look….

Dr. Shohana Rahman Deeba, Assistant Professor, ECE-NSU

 10

Dr. Shohana Rahman Deeba, Assistant Professor, ECE-NSU

 11

Dr. Shohana Rahman Deeba, Assistant Professor, ECE-NSU

 12

Dr. Shohana Rahman Deeba, Assistant Professor, ECE-NSU

 13

Dr. Shohana Rahman Deeba, Assistant Professor, ECE-NSU

 14

Dr. Shohana Rahman Deeba, Assistant Professor, ECE-NSU

 15

Dr. Shohana Rahman Deeba, Assistant Professor, ECE-NSU

 16

Dr. Shohana Rahman Deeba, Assistant Professor, ECE-NSU

 17

Dr. Shohana Rahman Deeba, Assistant Professor, ECE-NSU

 18

Dr. Shohana Rahman Deeba, Assistant Professor, ECE-NSU

 19

Dr. Shohana Rahman Deeba, Assistant Professor, ECE-NSU

 20

Dr. Shohana Rahman Deeba, Assistant Professor, ECE-NSU

 21

Dr. Shohana Rahman Deeba, Assistant Professor, ECE-NSU

 22

Dr. Shohana Rahman Deeba, Assistant Professor, ECE-NSU

 23

Dr. Shohana Rahman Deeba, Assistant Professor, ECE-NSU

 24

Dr. Shohana Rahman Deeba, Assistant Professor, ECE-NSU

 25

Dr. Shohana Rahman Deeba, Assistant Professor, ECE-NSU

 26

Dr. Shohana Rahman Deeba, Assistant Professor, ECE-NSU

 27

Dr. Shohana Rahman Deeba, Assistant Professor, ECE-NSU

 28

Dr. Shohana Rahman Deeba, Assistant Professor, ECE-NSU

 29

Dr. Shohana Rahman Deeba, Assistant Professor, ECE-NSU

 30

Dr. Shohana Rahman Deeba, Assistant Professor, ECE-NSU

 31

Dr. Shohana Rahman Deeba, Assistant Professor, ECE-NSU

 32
Main Parts of Transformer and Construction
1 Oil filter valve 17 Oil drain valve

2 Conservator 18 Jacking boss

3 Buchholz relay 19 Stopper

4 Oil filter valve 20 Foundation bolt

5 Pressure-relief vent 21 Grounding terminal

6 High-voltage bushing 22 Skid base

7 Low-voltage bushing 23 Coil

8 Suspension lug 24 Coil pressure plate

9 B C T Terminal 25 Core

Terminal box for

10 Tank 26
protective devices

11 De-energized tap changer 27 Rating plate

12 Tap changer handle 28 Dial thermometer

13 Fastener for core and coil 29 Radiator

14 Lifting hook for core and coil 30 Manhole

15 End frame 31 Lifting hook
Dial type oil level
16 Coil pressure bolt 32
gauge
 33
Main Parts of Transformer and Construction

Figure: Shell type transformer

Figure: Core type transformer
 34

Dr. Shohana Rahman Deeba, Assistant Professor, ECE-NSU

 35

Dr. Shohana Rahman Deeba, Assistant Professor, ECE-NSU

 36

Dr. Shohana Rahman Deeba, Assistant Professor, ECE-NSU

 37

Dr. Shohana Rahman Deeba, Assistant Professor, ECE-NSU

 38

Dr. Shohana Rahman Deeba, Assistant Professor, ECE-NSU

 39

Dr. Shohana Rahman Deeba, Assistant Professor, ECE-NSU

 40

Dr. Shohana Rahman Deeba, Assistant Professor, ECE-NSU

 41

Dr. Shohana Rahman Deeba, Assistant Professor, ECE-NSU

 42

Per Unit Quantity: Ratio with respect to base value

Zpu = Zeq/Zbase
Rpu = Req/Zbase
Xpu = Xeq/Zbase

Zbase=Vrated/Irated=V2rated/Srated

Dr. Shohana Rahman Deeba, Assistant Professor, ECE-NSU

 43

Open Circuit Test

• Purpose- To determine Rfe and Xm

• Made on LV side, performed at rated frequency and rated low side
voltage
• At no load- secondary current is zero, copper loss of primary and
secondary negligible

Dr. Shohana Rahman Deeba, Assistant Professor, ECE-NSU

 44

Short Circuit Test

• Purpose- To determine equivalent resistance and reactance of XFR

winding Req and Xeq
• Made on HV side, LV side shorted
• Core loss negligible, all copper loss

Dr. Shohana Rahman Deeba, Assistant Professor, ECE-NSU

45
46
 47

Problem: 2/15-10: Hubert

A 100 kVA, 60 Hz, 7200-480V, single phase transformer has the following parameters expressed
in ohms:
RHS=3.06 XHS=6.05 XM,HS=17809
RLS=0.014 XLS=0.027 Rfe,HS=71400
The transformer is supplying a load that draws current at 480V and 75 percent power-factor
lagging. Sketch the appropriate equivalent circuit and determine (a) the equivalent resistance and
reactance referred to the high side (b) the input impedance of the combined transformer and load
(c) the load component to the high side current (d) the input voltage to the transformer (e) the
exciting current and its components (f) the input impedance at no load

Assignment problem from Hubert

7,9,11
13,16,17
20,21,22,23
35,36,37,39
 48

Measurement Transformer
-Current Transformer (CT)
-Potential Transformer (PT)

Current Transformer (CT) Potential Transformer (PT)

 49

Auto Transformer
 50

Questions?