AIRPORT TERMINAL

DESIGN & PLANNING

Dr/Ar. Runddy D. Ramilo

PhD (Arch) RIBA, Assoc AIA, UAP, LEED GA
 KEY POINTS

AIRPORT PASSENGER TERMINALS

❑ This building type is subject to constant evolution and change

❑ Terminals are now more like shopping
❑ Intermodality between all forms of transport is a critical
consideration
❑ Safety and security are now key components of terminal and
interchange design
 AIRPORT PASSENGER TERMINALS
KEY POINTS:
❑ This building type is subject to constant evolution and change

AIRPORT TERMINAL DESIGN & PLANNING Dr/Ar. Runddy D. Ramilo

Architectural Design Studio 8 PhD (Arch) RIBA, Assoc AIA, UAP, LEED GA
 AIRPORT PASSENGER TERMINALS
KEY POINTS:
❑ Intermodality between all forms of transport is a critical

AIRPORT TERMINAL DESIGN & PLANNING Dr/Ar. Runddy D. Ramilo

Architectural Design Studio 8 PhD (Arch) RIBA, Assoc AIA, UAP, LEED GA
 AIRPORT PASSENGER TERMINALS
KEY POINTS:
❑ Terminals are now more like shopping

AIRPORT TERMINAL DESIGN & PLANNING Dr/Ar. Runddy D. Ramilo

Architectural Design Studio 8 PhD (Arch) RIBA, Assoc AIA, UAP, LEED GA
 AIRPORT PASSENGER TERMINALS
LARGE SPACES
Places of assembly of large numbers of people require special consideration of means of
escape in case of fire as well as the normal controls on the standard of building construction.

AIRPORT TERMINAL DESIGN & PLANNING Dr/Ar. Runddy D. Ramilo

Architectural Design Studio 8 PhD (Arch) RIBA, Assoc AIA, UAP, LEED GA
 AIRPORT PASSENGER TERMINALS
KEY POINTS:
❑ Safety and security are now key components of terminal and
interchange design

AIRPORT TERMINAL DESIGN & PLANNING Dr/Ar. Runddy D. Ramilo

Architectural Design Studio 8 PhD (Arch) RIBA, Assoc AIA, UAP, LEED GA
 AIRPORT PASSENGER TERMINALS
SECURITY
In the case of air travel in particular but also in principle for long distance
rail and sea travel, the checking of passengers and their possessions requires the
installation and manning of suitable equipment and the strategic location of the check
point in order to both ensure that no passengers evade or avoid the checking procedure
and that the procedure is carried out in the most efficient manner.

Large public areas

Places of assembly of large numbers of people require special
consideration of means of escape in case of fire as well as the
AIRPORT TERMINAL DESIGN & PLANNING
normal controls on the standard of building construction. Dr/Ar. Runddy D. Ramilo
Architectural Design Studio 8 PhD (Arch) RIBA, Assoc AIA, UAP, LEED GA
 AIRPORT PASSENGER TERMINALS
INBOUND CUSTOMS CLEARANCE

Factors for consideration :

Security - customs officers are increasingly on the lookout for

narcotics, weapons and explosive devices rather than
contraband.

Government controls - offices and search rooms will be

required.

AIRPORT TERMINAL DESIGN & PLANNING Dr/Ar. Runddy D. Ramilo

Architectural Design Studio 8 PhD (Arch) RIBA, Assoc AIA, UAP, LEED GA
 AIRPORT PASSENGER TERMINALS
LARGE PUBLIC SPACES
Places of assembly of large numbers of people require special consideration of
means of escape in case of fire as well as the normal controls on the standard of
building construction.

AIRPORT TERMINAL DESIGN & PLANNING Dr/Ar. Runddy D. Ramilo

Architectural Design Studio 8 PhD (Arch) RIBA, Assoc AIA, UAP, LEED GA
 AIRPORT PASSENGER TERMINALS
BORDER CONTROL
Quite apart from security considerations, many terminals occur at national borders
and therefore are the point of entry to or exit from sovereign areas. Accordingly,
customs and immigration controls need to be conducted.

AIRPORT TERMINAL DESIGN & PLANNING Dr/Ar. Runddy D. Ramilo

Architectural Design Studio 8 PhD (Arch) RIBA, Assoc AIA, UAP, LEED GA
 AIRPORT PASSENGER TERMINALS
Other factors to be considered are:
1. Aircraft movements: number of arrivals and departures
per hour, aircraft sizes, number of stands for each size or
range of sizes, passenger load factors

2. Baggage quantities: number of pieces per passenger, by

class of travel and traffic (international/domestic)

3. Visitors: number of accompanying visitors with departing

and arriving passengers by class of traffic
(international/domestic)

AIRPORT TERMINAL DESIGN & PLANNING Dr/Ar. Runddy D. Ramilo

Architectural Design Studio 8 PhD (Arch) RIBA, Assoc AIA, UAP, LEED GA
 AIRPORT PASSENGER TERMINALS

4. Employees: number and proportion for airport, airline,

concessionaire, control authorities, etc. and proportion of
males and females

5. Landside transport: number of passengers visitors and

employees arriving by private vehicles (note ratio of owner-
drivers), by public transport (note ratios by bus, coach, hire
car, taxi, train etc

6. Automation and digitalization

AIRPORT TERMINAL DESIGN & PLANNING Dr/Ar. Runddy D. Ramilo

Architectural Design Studio 8 PhD (Arch) RIBA, Assoc AIA, UAP, LEED GA
 AIRPORT PASSENGER TERMINALS
TYPE OF TRAFFIC

1. International - international terminals involve customs and

immigration procedures.

2. Domestic - domestic terminals do not. They can therefore

be simpler buildings.

Note: Increasing need for passenger and baggage security has caused the
grouping of facilities and channelling of passengers, and has reduced the
distinction between
the two types.

AIRPORT TERMINAL DESIGN & PLANNING Dr/Ar. Runddy D. Ramilo

Architectural Design Studio 8 PhD (Arch) RIBA, Assoc AIA, UAP, LEED GA
 BASIC SPATIAL ARRANGEMENT

Aircraft

TERMINAL BUILDING

Curbside

AIRPORT TERMINAL DESIGN & PLANNING Dr/Ar. Runddy D. Ramilo

Architectural Design Studio 8 PhD (Arch) RIBA, Assoc AIA, UAP, LEED GA
SPATIAL ARRANGEMENT FOR
DOMESTIC TERMINAL DEPARTURE

Aircraft

Pre-departure Lounge

Inspection
Airline Check-in Counters

Check-in (tickets and baggage)

Inspection

Curbside
 SPATIAL ARRANGEMENT FOR
DOMESTIC TERMINAL ARRIVAL

Aircraft

Transit
Passengers Baggage Claim Section
Waiting Area

Inspection

Curbside

AIRPORT TERMINAL DESIGN & PLANNING Dr/Ar. Runddy D. Ramilo

Architectural Design Studio 8 PhD (Arch) RIBA, Assoc AIA, UAP, LEED GA
SPATIAL ARRANGEMENT FOR
INTERNATIONAL TERMINAL DEPARTURE

Aircraft

Transit Passengers
Waiting Area
Pre-Departure Area

Immigration Check
Airline Check-in Counters

Check-in (tickets and baggage)

Security Detention

Health Check Quarantine

Curbside
SPATIAL ARRANGEMENT FOR
INTERNATIONAL TERMINAL ARRIVAL

Aircraft

Health Check Quarantine

Transit Passengers
Waiting Area
Immigration Check

Baggage Claim Section

Customs Check

Curbside
 TYPES OF SPATIAL ARRANGEMENTS
The following are some the historic techniques that have been utilized in the
development of passenger terminals:

1. Simple Concept = CONSOLIDATED PASSENGER

Linear Concept Terminal Design

2. Pier Concept = FINGER PASSENGER Terminal

SATELLITE PASSENGER Terminal
Design

3. Transporter Concept = MOBILE LOUNGE

Terminal Design

AIRPORT TERMINAL DESIGN & PLANNING Dr/Ar. Runddy D. Ramilo

Architectural Design Studio 8 PhD (Arch) RIBA, Assoc AIA, UAP, LEED GA
 SIMPLE TERMINAL CONCEPT
This concept consists of a single common waiting and ticketing area with exits leading to the aircraft
parking apron, adaptable to airports with low airline activity, with apron capacity of three to six
commercial transport aircrafts; normally consists of a single storey structure with two to four gates
where access to the aircraft is via a walk across the apron. This concept can consider possibility of
expansion using linear or pier concepts.

THE LINEAR TERMINAL CONCEPT

In this concept, aircraft are
parked along the face of the
terminal building.
Concourses connect the various
terminal functions with the
aircraft positions.
It offers ease of access and
relatively short walking
distances if passengers are
delivered to a point near gate
departure by vehicular
circulation systems.

AIRPORT TERMINAL DESIGN & PLANNING Dr/Ar. Runddy D. Ramilo

Architectural Design Studio 8 PhD (Arch) RIBA, Assoc AIA, UAP, LEED GA
CONSOLODATED TERMINAL CONCEPT
The CONSOLIDATED PASSENGER TERMINAL DESIGN CONCEPT uses the technique that
strings several airlines to a consolidated single structure. This structure initially provides a
simple transfer stage for ground vehicles and air vehicles.

The epitome of this type of terminal which is considered the most efficient in operation
would be a simple airstrip with no more that a few aircraft positions and occasional aircraft
scheduled.

The effective use of the CONSOLIDATED TERMINAL can best be measured by convenience
to passengers and efficiency of operation for the airline. Major terminal complexes
invariably are multiples of this small, consolidated group.

AIRCRAFT

Airlines A B & C
TERMINAL BUILDING

CURBSIDE
 PIER TERMINAL
CONCEPT

In this concept, the aircraft

are usually arranged around
the axis of the pier in a
parallel or perpendicular
fashion.

Each pier has a row of gates

on both sides, passenger
right-of-way runs along the
pier axis for both enplaning
and deplaning passengers.
TERMINAL BUILDING

AIRPORT TERMINAL DESIGN & PLANNING Dr/Ar. Runddy D. Ramilo

Architectural Design Studio 8 PhD (Arch) RIBA, Assoc AIA, UAP, LEED GA
 SATELLITE
TERMINAL
CONCEPT
This concept shows a
building surrounded by
aircraft, which is separate
from the terminal building,
and is usually reached by
means of surface,
underground or above-
ground connectors.

The aircraft are normally

parked in radial or parallel
patterns around the satellite TERMINAL BUILDING
which can have common or
separate departure lounges.

AIRPORT TERMINAL DESIGN & PLANNING Dr/Ar. Runddy D. Ramilo

Architectural Design Studio 8 PhD (Arch) RIBA, Assoc AIA, UAP, LEED GA
 SATELLITE
TERMINAL
CONCEPT
This concept shows a
building surrounded by
aircraft, which is separate
from the terminal building,
and is usually reached by
means of surface,
underground or above-
ground connectors.

The aircraft are normally

parked in radial or parallel
patterns around the satellite
TERMINAL BUILDING
which can have common or
separate departure lounges.

AIRPORT TERMINAL DESIGN & PLANNING Dr/Ar. Runddy D. Ramilo

Architectural Design Studio 8 PhD (Arch) RIBA, Assoc AIA, UAP, LEED GA
 CONSOLIDATED FINGER and SATELLITE
PASSENGER TERMINAL DESIGN
These two illustrations show the evolution of a finger terminal and a
satellite terminal arrangement as an expansion of the concept of the
Consolidated Terminal.

CONSOLIDATED FINGER CONSOLIDATED SATELLITE

AIRPORT TERMINAL DESIGN & PLANNING Dr/Ar. Runddy D. Ramilo

Architectural Design Studio 8 PhD (Arch) RIBA, Assoc AIA, UAP, LEED GA
 DECENTRALIZED FINGER & SATELLITE
PASSENGER TERMINAL DESIGN
The decentralization causes further problems of interline transfers. While it
also permits some advantages of more aircraft apron space, it does involve
great demands upon ground vehicle transportation, problems which may
possibly be solved by the use of a rapid transit system.

Airline A Airline B Airline C Airline A Airline B Airline C

DECENTRALIZED FINGER DECENTRALIZED SATELLITE

AIRPORT TERMINAL DESIGN & PLANNING Dr/Ar. Runddy D. Ramilo

Architectural Design Studio 8 PhD (Arch) RIBA, Assoc AIA, UAP, LEED GA
 AIRLINE REQUIREMENTS
THE AIRCRAFT PARKING SYSTEMS
The general technique of placement of aircraft on the aircraft apron greatly affects the
apron area as well as the passenger loading system and this is divided into two
categories:
push-out operations and power-out operations

a. Power-out operations involve special design requirements for blast protection on

the wall surfaces of terminal buildings and they require greater apron area. The
advantage of this method of operation is that fewer ground personnel and
equipment are required.

b. The push-out operation requires the use of expensive tractors and personnel to move
the aircraft out of its gate position before it powers away from the terminal area. The
push-out operation offers the advantage of requiring less apron area and less square
footage of terminal building because of a reduced linear length.

AIRPORT TERMINAL DESIGN & PLANNING Dr/Ar. Runddy D. Ramilo

Architectural Design Studio 8 PhD (Arch) RIBA, Assoc AIA, UAP, LEED GA
 PASSENGER LOADING SYSTEMS
Many systems are available for passenger enplaning and deplaning depending upon the volumes of
passengers, the economic considerations, and the general climatic conditions of the community. Any
combination of systems is available as illustrated below :

a. Single-level loading: From one-storey terminal to aircraft. This is still

being practiced in many small airports today.
b. Two-level loading: From 2nd floor of terminal, passengers walk down a
flight of stairs, walk across the apron to the aircraft. This system makes
room for future use of jetways.

AIRPORT TERMINAL DESIGN & PLANNING Dr/Ar. Runddy D. Ramilo

Architectural Design Studio 8 PhD (Arch) RIBA, Assoc AIA, UAP, LEED GA
 PASSENGER LOADING SYSTEMS
c. Rotating Jetway: This method employs a jetway that rotates into
position and has the capability of telescoping to accomplish the interface
with aircrafts of different sill height.

AIRPORT TERMINAL DESIGN & PLANNING Dr/Ar. Runddy D. Ramilo

Architectural Design Studio 8 PhD (Arch) RIBA, Assoc AIA, UAP, LEED GA
 GATE LOUNGE
CONCEPT
The concept and functions of the
gate lounge are basically standard
throughout the airline industry. The
basic functional requirements are a
ticket counter with all its commu-
nication equipment, a secure or
semi-secure seating area with
sufficient seating capacity to handle
the passengers, flight identification,
last-minute baggage, and the
circulation pattern which separates
the deplaning passenger from the
enplaning passenger.

AIRPORT TERMINAL DESIGN & PLANNING Dr/Ar. Runddy D. Ramilo

Architectural Design Studio 8 PhD (Arch) RIBA, Assoc AIA, UAP, LEED GA
 BAGGAGE HANDLING SYSTEMS

Transfer to
Aircraft

Short Long Term

Term Hold Hold
Baggage
Staging

Airline Check-in
Counters
Check-in (tickets and baggage)

Security Check

Curbside

AIRPORT TERMINAL DESIGN & PLANNING Dr/Ar. Runddy D. Ramilo

Architectural Design Studio 8 PhD (Arch) RIBA, Assoc AIA, UAP, LEED GA
BAGGAGE CAROUSEL
9150
4570

9150

13420
6100 Moving 920 Moving
6100 conveyor conveyor

Baggage carts
9150

Circular carousal Racetrac

k
1140 6100
10680
4570

13720
17680
6100
Moving
Static roller
610

conveyor
section
0

Powered
roller section

Linear track
Oval carousel
AREA CONSIDERATIONS FOR
BAGGAGE SYSTEMS
ENPLANING BAGGAGES

As indicated in the flow diagram, baggage may be received from two possible
sources:

• Counter Check-in
This coincides with the usual ticket counter in the main terminal area. It
is customary to provide mechanization from an area directly in the back
of the ticket counter to the central baggage room .

Baggage
Staging

AIRLINE COUNTERS

Check-in (tickets and baggage)

ENPLANING BAGGAGES
• Gate Check-in
In small quantities, bags or suitcases mistakenly
believed by many passengers as acceptable for
stowage in passenger cabin of the aircraft, are
received at the gate.

Gates to Aircraft
FLOW OF BAGGAGES

Aircraft

Transfer
from Aircraft

Short Term Long Term

Hold Hold
Baggage
Staging

Carousels
A B C D E F G H

CUSTOMS INSPECTION

Curbside
OTHER DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
1. SECURITY SYSTEMS
2. MEDICAL AND FIRST AID CENTERS
3. NURSERY ROOMS AND BREASTFEEDING STATIONS
4. CONVENIENT ACCESS SYSTEMS including automated
doors, sufficiently wide escalators, moving sidewalks, and
other similar devices.
5. INTERNATIONAL LANGUAGE SYSTEMS using glyphs in lieu of bilingual messages.
6. TELEPHONE COMMUNICATION CENTER with
interpreter services.
7. AMENITIES such as:
a. Bank, Money Exchange, Automated Teller
b. Business Center, Internet Centers, Fax Facilities
c. Camera Shop, Photo Developing, Instant Photo shops
d. Car-Rental Agencies
e. Cocktail Lounge
f. Drug Store, Mini-Grocery Store, Newsstand
g. Duty Free Shops
h. Food Shops, Cafeteria, Employee Cafeteria
i. Hotel Information Center
j. Passenger Assistance Counter
k. Rental Lockers Area
l. Rest Rooms with Diaper Changing Facilities
m. Smoking Rooms
n. Souvenir Shops, Gift/Pasalubong Shops, Flower Shops
o. Telephone Booths, Paging Counters
p. Television Lounges
q. Travel Insurance Office
r. VIP Lounge
8. INTERNAL COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM between airlines, operating authority and
police security.
 PARKING CONCEPTS
Most airport parking facilities are developed for its revenue-generating function.
Therefore, attention must be given to the different types of parking and how they
function as well as the amount of parking required based on rate of turn-over .

TYPES OF PARKING:
1. Short-term (metered) Parking
2. Medium-Term (one or two days) Parking
3. Long-term Parking
4. Valet Parking
5. Car-Rental Parking

INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Public information systems used to be just an afterthought of the prime airline
information system, with little consideration devoted to the demands of the
public for accurate travel information. Telephone communication between the
interested party and the airline was the only recourse for getting informed
about flight delays or schedules.

Nowadays, the best available media are the giant electronic billboards,
dynamic alpha numeric display boards, and the simplest is the use of computer
monitors dispersed throughout the terminal building, announcing flight
information in real time. Public address systems and CCTV systems are
important for last-minute announcements and most especially for emergency
calls.

AIRPORT TERMINAL DESIGN & PLANNING Dr/Ar. Runddy D. Ramilo

Architectural Design Studio 8 PhD (Arch) RIBA, Assoc AIA, UAP, LEED GA
 VIDEOS
Airport Expert Creates the Ideal Layout for LaGuardia Airport
(New York) | WIRED - YouTube

Tour of Singapore Changi Airport’s Jewel - YouTube

AIRPORT TERMINAL DESIGN & PLANNING Dr/Ar. Runddy D. Ramilo

Architectural Design Studio 8 PhD (Arch) RIBA, Assoc AIA, UAP, LEED GA
SAMPLE CONCEPT
SAMPLE CONCEPT
MPLE CONCEPT
SAMPLE CONCEPT
SAMPLE INTERIORS
SAMPLE INTERIORS
SAMPLE INTERIORS
RETAIL SPACES

CENTER FOR ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE

RETAIL
DESIGN &
PLANNING

Dr/Ar. Runddy D. Ramilo

PhD (Arch) RIBA, Assoc AIA, UAP, LEED GA
 RETAIL AND SHOPPING MALLS
Retail outlets consist of buildings or rooms where goods or services are sold to the public.
They include shop and store premises and
also concessionary space.

Key points:

• Retail trading is affected by marketing, competition, polarization, and store locations.

• Market research of customers and focus groups is highly developed
• New concepts, innovations and efficiencies in operation are continuously being introduced

SHOPPING ACTIVITIES

Shopping activities vary with different needs and may be described as essential,
convenience, comparison, purposive (specific), leisure or remote.

SELLING METHOD
• Personal Service
• Self-selection
• self-service
• assisted service

RETAIL DESIGN & PLANNING Dr/Ar. Runddy D. Ramilo

Architectural Design Studio 8 PhD (Arch) RIBA, Assoc AIA, UAP, LEED GA
RETAIL AND SHOPPING MALLS
❑ Gross Leasable Area (GLA) : total enclosed floor area occupied by a retailer.
This is the total rented space and include stockrooms, staff facilities, staircases,
preparation and support areas. It is usually measured to outside of external walls
and center line between premises.

❑ Net Sales Area (NSA) : internal floor space of a retail unit used for selling and
displaying goods and services.

The ratio of sales to ancillary space ranges from about 45:55 in small shops and
departmental stores to 60:40 in supermarkets.

20%-40%
Public & RATIO OF GROSS AREA
Service Space TO LETTABLE RETAIL
AREA
60%-80% Rentable
Space
RETAIL AND SHOPPING MALLS
Planning
Halls are usually designed to give a large-span open space having natural roof lighting, good ventilation
and service connections. One-floor trading is preferred. Any upper floor is usually limited to a perimeter
balcony served by escalators, stairs, goods and disabled lifts. Perimeter stalls and other grouped
layouts have service corridors.

Fish, meat and food stalls are sited in zoned areas with more sophisticated ventilation, drainage and
services.

Key considerations: Access and linkage to car parks, shopping areas, goods delivery and parking
bays. Mix of traders. Risk of fire (incombustible materials, fire-resistant construction smoke evacuation)
and means of escape.
12000
4500 max

450
0
350
Main Aisle
Cross
Aisle

0
Part of Typical Market Square Layout
 PLANNING GUIDELINES
Structural Models Width(m) Notes

Small Shops 5.3 to 6.0 mostly 5.4

Large-Space Users 7.3 to 9.2 Depending on beam depth

Clear Ceiling Height(m) To underside of beams

Small Shops 3.3 to 3.8 sales area

3.2 to 3.6 Non-sales area
Large-Space Users 3.6 min with floor: spacing 4 to 5m

Typ. Floor Loading kN/m2 To underside of beams

Shop Sales area 5

Shop Storage 10 increase in loading docks

Car Parking Space/ gross retail area

sqm
Supermarket,
Superstores 10-12
Shopping centers 4-5

RETAIL DESIGN & PLANNING Dr/Ar. Runddy D. Ramilo

Architectural Design Studio 8 PhD (Arch) RIBA, Assoc AIA, UAP, LEED GA
 PLANNING GUIDELINES
Planning: Double loaded

Rentable
Corridor Spaces
Space

Anchor

RETAIL DESIGN & PLANNING Dr/Ar. Runddy D. Ramilo

Architectural Design Studio 8 PhD (Arch) RIBA, Assoc AIA, UAP, LEED GA
 PLANNING GUIDELINES
Planning: Double loaded
Corridor
Space
Rentable
Spaces

Anchor

RETAIL DESIGN & PLANNING Dr/Ar. Runddy D. Ramilo

Architectural Design Studio 8 PhD (Arch) RIBA, Assoc AIA, UAP, LEED GA
PLANNING GUIDELINES
Planning: Double loaded

Typical SM Malls
 PLANNING GUIDELINES
Zoning

Interior Retail Concept - The 5 Zoning Elements

RETAIL DESIGN & PLANNING Dr/Ar. Runddy D. Ramilo

Architectural Design Studio 8 PhD (Arch) RIBA, Assoc AIA, UAP, LEED GA
 PLANNING GUIDELINES
Plan forms

L-shaped plan

T-shaped plan

RETAIL DESIGN & PLANNING Dr/Ar. Runddy D. Ramilo

Architectural Design Studio 8 PhD (Arch) RIBA, Assoc AIA, UAP, LEED GA
 PLANNING GUIDELINES
Plan forms

Cruciform plan

Pinwheel plan

Figure-of-eight plan

RETAIL DESIGN & PLANNING Dr/Ar. Runddy D. Ramilo

Architectural Design Studio 8 PhD (Arch) RIBA, Assoc AIA, UAP, LEED GA
 PLANNING GUIDELINES
Avoid sightline obstruction

Avoid single loaded

plan

Consider structure module

and shop sizes

RETAIL DESIGN & PLANNING Dr/Ar. Runddy D. Ramilo

Architectural Design Studio 8 PhD (Arch) RIBA, Assoc AIA, UAP, LEED GA
 CEILING
HEIGHT &
UTILITIES

Detail cross-section through a shopping mall

RETAIL DESIGN & PLANNING Dr/Ar. Runddy D. Ramilo

Architectural Design Studio 8 Detail cross-section through central square PhD (Arch) RIBA, Assoc AIA, UAP, LEED GA
 CEILING HEIGHT & UTILITIES
Ceiling Height Comparison of Shopping Malls in
Hongkong

RETAIL DESIGN & PLANNING Dr/Ar. Runddy D. Ramilo

Architectural Design Studio 8 Detail cross-section through central square PhD (Arch) RIBA, Assoc AIA, UAP, LEED GA
 CEILING HEIGHT & UTILITIES

Detail longitudinal section along mall

Engineering Services
The landlord is normally responsible for installing mains and providing the
communal services of the mal including comfort cooling and heating or air-
conditioning, lighting, cleaning, fire control, and security systems.

Other Facilities
Public toilets including facilities for the disabilities are installed and maintained
by the landlord. Access to a public car park is often a primary consideration in
letting units.

RETAIL DESIGN & PLANNING Dr/Ar. Runddy D. Ramilo

Architectural Design Studio 8 Detail cross-section through central square PhD (Arch) RIBA, Assoc AIA, UAP, LEED GA
 RULES FOR RETAIL INTERIORS

Rule 1: Envelopment Rule 2: Enticement

Create the environment and moon Create an attraction

RETAIL DESIGN & PLANNING Dr/Ar. Runddy D. Ramilo

Architectural Design Studio 8 Detail cross-section through central square PhD (Arch) RIBA, Assoc AIA, UAP, LEED GA
 RULES FOR RETAIL INTERIORS

Rule 3: Sequential Enticement Rule 4: Capture

Create a series attraction

RETAIL DESIGN & PLANNING Dr/Ar. Runddy D. Ramilo

Architectural Design Studio 8 PhD (Arch) RIBA, Assoc AIA, UAP, LEED GA
RULES FOR RETAIL INTERIORS

Rule 5: Interaction, in the shop Rule 6: Double loaded, no void

RETAIL DESIGN & PLANNING Dr/Ar. Runddy D. Ramilo

Architectural Design Studio 8 PhD (Arch) RIBA, Assoc AIA, UAP, LEED GA
 RULES FOR RETAIL INTERIORS

Rule 7: Spell breaker, narrow double loaded Rule 8: Create primary focus

RETAIL DESIGN & PLANNING Dr/Ar. Runddy D. Ramilo

Architectural Design Studio 8 PhD (Arch) RIBA, Assoc AIA, UAP, LEED GA
 RULES FOR RETAIL INTERIORS

Rule 8: Create good access Rule 9: Avoid sudden corners

RETAIL DESIGN & PLANNING Dr/Ar. Runddy D. Ramilo

Architectural Design Studio 8 PhD (Arch) RIBA, Assoc AIA, UAP, LEED GA
 RULES FOR Less details for
RETAIL INTERIORS Ceiling is recommended

No floor pattern is
recommended

RETAIL DESIGN & PLANNING Dr/Ar. Runddy D. Ramilo

Architectural Design Studio 8 PhD (Arch) RIBA, Assoc AIA, UAP, LEED GA
 RULES FOR
RETAIL INTERIORS

RETAIL DESIGN & PLANNING Dr/Ar. Runddy D. Ramilo

Architectural Design Studio 8 PhD (Arch) RIBA, Assoc AIA, UAP, LEED GA
RULES FOR RETAI INTERIORS

RETAIL DESIGN & PLANNING Dr/Ar. Runddy D. Ramilo

Architectural Design Studio 8 PhD (Arch) RIBA, Assoc AIA, UAP, LEED GA
 RULES FOR RETAIL INTERIORS

RETAIL DESIGN & PLANNING Dr/Ar. Runddy D. Ramilo

Architectural Design Studio 8 PhD (Arch) RIBA, Assoc AIA, UAP, LEED GA
 RULES FOR RETAIL INTERIORS
Sample project showing penestration for daylight

RETAIL DESIGN & PLANNING Dr/Ar. Runddy D. Ramilo

Architectural Design Studio 8 PhD (Arch) RIBA, Assoc AIA, UAP, LEED GA
 RULES FOR RETAIL INTERIORS
Use of outdoor space for dining

Sculpture, Landscape & Planters should be considered

RETAIL DESIGN & PLANNING Dr/Ar. Runddy D. Ramilo

Architectural Design Studio 8 PhD (Arch) RIBA, Assoc AIA, UAP, LEED GA
 RULES FOR RETAIL INTERIORS
Use of outdoor space for dining

RETAIL DESIGN & PLANNING Dr/Ar. Runddy D. Ramilo

Architectural Design Studio 8 PhD (Arch) RIBA, Assoc AIA, UAP, LEED GA