mamn016 “Topic Teaser skills ft Transcript Understanding Virtualization Leaming Objectives After completing this topic, you should be able to = match key virtualization terms to their descriptions = describe how virtualization is leveraged by the cloud 1. Types of virtualization Virtualization is the process of taking a physical machine and encapsulating all ofits hardware and software components into a logical entity which can be hosted independently ona single or shared hardware resource. These entities are known as virtual machines, or VMs A virtual machine monitor, also known as a VMM, is used to manage the VMs that exist on a single physical host machine. The VMM is also known as the hypervisor. Graphic The applications running on three standalone virtual machines, or VMs, are separated from the Operating System of their physical host machine by a hypervisor, or virtual machine monitor, that allocates and distributes resources to them. Another component used to manage virtual machines is the Virtual Infrastructure Management component, or VIM for short. A VIM is a tool that communicates with multiple hosts and their VMs, allowing for centralized administration and efficient operation of the Virtual infrastructure. Graphic Two physical machines — through each of which a hypervisor or virtual machine monitor allocates resources to applications on three virtual machines — form a single cluster of host VMMs. The cluster is subject to a Virtual Infrastructure Management, or VIM, component. A variety of commercial and open-source VIM tools is available, such as OpenNebula, hip brary skllportconcoursewarelContriccalel clip 202 IL enusioutpahdimisctrarscripttml 18mamn016 “Topic Teaser A virtualization platform is the software technology running on a server that's used to create and host VMs. You can use software such as VMware vSphere, Citrix XenServer, or Microsoft Hyper-V for virtualization. There are three main types of virtualization: + alient virtualization + server virtualization, and + storage virtualization Client virtualization refers to the different types of virtualization used on end-user machines, such as desktops or laptops. Glient virtualization is important because it helps overcome various challenges associated with managing and securing large numbers of end-user client machines. For example, it's easy for end users who have access to flash drives, DVDs, or Internet connections to install software that isn't approved by an organization's IT department. Installing software without approval may seem harmless at first if the software is legitimate, but different software applications can conflict with one another. This can cause problems with an operating system, and the problems can have a negative impact on users’ productivity. Another concern associated with managing clients is the risk of malicious software, such as Viruses and spyware, finding its way onto end users’ computers. It can also be tricky to keep software on client machines up to date. However, it's necessary to do this for security reasons. For example, if you don't keep your operating system up to date, it's more likely that a hacker can exploit a vulnerability in it to gain access to your machine, Drill Down Home Page There are three types of client virtualization Page 1 of 2: Application packaging The purpose of application packaging is to provide a method of isolating a specific application from the underlying operating system. The application can't then interact with or modify important components of the operating system. This can provide a degree of protection from viruses and malware, and makes it possible to run incompatible applications ona system Graphic The applications are isolated from the OS and hardware. hip brary skllportconcoursewarelContriccalel clip 202 IL enusioutpahdimisctrarscripttmlmr20%6 Topic Transcript You can perform application packaging by running an application through a product that assigns a set of virtual system resources, such as files and registry settings, to the application Or you can create an executable file that combines the application and virtualization component. When you run the executable file, the application launches in its own virtualized instance, running in isolation from the operating system. Page 2 of 2: Application packaging Although application packaging helps solve problems associated with malware and viruses, it doesn't address the problem of users who install their own software or make unfavorable changes on client machines, Also, application packaging increases the workload for an IT department because each application has to be prepared for use individually. Page 1 of 2: Application streaming Application streaming is a type of client virtualization. It works by hosting the necessary business applications on servers in a datacenter. When a user launches an application, it loads on the client machine and runs as if it were installed locally on that machine. Application streaming can also be used to prevent users from running any programs other than those approved by their company, Application streaming requires far less work by an IT department than application packaging or separate management of software on each client system, Also, with application streaming, each client machine requires less resources — such as, memory and disk space — because applications are actually processed by and launched from a server in a datacenter. This makes it cheaper to provision and run the client machines. Page 2 of 2: Application streaming Although application streaming has advantages, its use is limited to work environments in which employees are permanently connected to a corporate network. If employees are mobile they will need to have a secured connection using a Virtual Private Network, or VPN, to access the streamed applications. Page 1 of 2: Hardware emulation Hardware emulation for clients is a type of client virtualization that is very similar to server Virtualization. Virtualization software is installed on the Client operating system. (Once you've installed hardware emulation software, you can install additional guest VMs, ‘which will run on top of the physical host operating system. You can use a virtualization control panel to select a guest operating system. The Virtualization software then sets up the VM and installs the guest operating system. You can also use the control panel to manage the VM after you've installed the operating system, Page 2 of 2: Hardware emulation Hardware emulation is used on client computers to enable end users to run more than one operating system on their local computers. For example, users may require different systems so they can perform different job functions or so that they can run legacy software that's dependant on a certain operating system, hip brary skllportconcoursewarelContriccalel clip 202 IL enusioutpahdimisctrarscripttmlmamn016 “Topic Teaser Hardware emulation can be used in software development to enable parallel development or testing of software across multiple OSs. Server virtualization is the most common use of virtualization technology. It involves the use of virtualization software to divide the resources of a server into multiple VMs. This is useful because many IT companies don't have the physical space to add new servers when they need them. Instead a smaller number of servers can be upgraded and VMS can be installed to make use of extra computing resources, Graphic A server runs a host OS which can then be used to create virtual machines. These virtual machines can then be used to run applications. Hypervisors are an enabling technology for Server Virtualization. A hypervisor is a program that allows multiple operating systems to share a single hardware host. Each operating system appears to have the host's resources — processor, memory, network card — all to itself There are two forms of virtualization, Hardware and Software. These are provided for by two types of hypervisor: Type 1, and ‘A Type 1 hypervisor runs directly on top of Hardware. When installed, only the hypervisor and other kernel components that support virtualization run on the hardware. Among others, Microsoft and VMware provide Type 1 hypervisors. Type2 Type 2 hypervisors run on top of existing operating system software, for example, Microsoft Virtual Server 2005 and WMware workstation — both of which are Type 2 hypervisors. Although Type 1 and Type 2 hypervisors provide similar functions, Type 1 hypervisors are typically more efficient than Type 2 hypervisors, This is so because they have a small footprint and incur minimal overhead. They also have direct access to hardware resources. Storage virtualization involves using virtualization hardware and software to pool storage resources into a centrally managed storage solution. This facilitates the provisioning of storage to servers from a centralized location as they require it Storage virtualization has become a necessity for many companies due to greater demand for storage. For example, applications often generate data that simply exceeds a single storage device's capacity, or multiple machines require access to the same data Using storage virtualization, companies can centralize their data storage. They can also perform backups more efficiently. Central storage centers can be configured with multiple backups of data so that in the event of a hardware failure, the data is still accessible. Drill Down Home Page hip brary skllportconcoursewarelContriccalel clip 202 IL enusioutpahdimisctrarscripttmlmamn016 “Topic Teaser There are three basic data storage methods: Page 1 of 1: DAS Direct-attached Storage, or DAS, is a traditional storage method and works by connecting hard drives to an actual server. Although DAS is easy to implement, it can have limitations. For example, capacity is limited by the amount of storage that the physical server can take. Although DAS disks can be configured for redundancy, this further reduces capacity and the server can still be prone to failure. DAS disk solutions generally aren't suited to large scale virtualization implementations. Page 1 of 2: NAS Network-attached storage, or NAS, functions using a dedicated storage device, which you attach to your network, The NAS device - which can be scalable — can be configured to provide redundancy. It uses standard communication protocols to connect to your servers. NAS makes it possible to centralize data storage, which helps when dealing with multiple servers. It also makes it easier to back up data Page 2 of 2: NAS One of the major problems associated with NAS is the amount of network traffic it generates. This can place stress on a network. In addition, if servers are connected to a single non-redundant NAS device and that fails, or if there are network problems, all connected servers could lose their storage Page 1 of 2: SAN A Storage Access Network, or SAN, uses dedicated hardware and software on a dedicated high-performance network to create a more effective data storage solution that's less prone to data outages — if configured properly. A Host Bus Adapter, or HBA, connects a server to a Fibre SAN. One of the advantages of using a SAN is that it's easy to configure if additional storage is required. A greater degree of redundancy is also available so in the event of hardware failure, data remains accessible. Page 2 of 2: SAN A SAN can be based on either the Fiber Channel or iSCSI network protocols. With a Fiber Channel SAN, specialized hardware — including switches and HBAs — is usually required to enable a SAN to interface the corporate network and servers. iSCSI is recognized by standard corporate networks, but the amount of traffic it generates, can cause network congestion, Question Match each virtualization term to its description, Opt ns: AVM hp brary skllportconcoursewarelContriccalel clip 202_jLenusioutpahaimisctranscripttmlmr20%6 Topic Transcript B. Application packaging C. Hypervisor D. Fibre Channel or iSCSI storage solution Targets: 1. One of multiple machines that runs independently but uses the same server hardware 2. A type of virtualization that isolates programs from an operating system 3. A hypervisor is a program that allows multiple operating systems to share a single hardware host 4. Protocols used by a Storage Access Network, or SAN Answer VMs are software machines that can run independently on a single host machine, while also using the host's physical resources. Application packaging isolates applications from an operating system so that they can't modify important operating system components or subject the operating system to malware attacks. Operating system virtualization provides multiple applications on a host machine with their own libraries. This "tricks" the applications into behaving as if they're running their own hardware. A SAN provides storage virtualization on a high-performance network. Offering greater storage and redundancy than other solutions -DAS or NAS, it uses either the Fiber Channel or iSCSI network protocols. Correct answer's): Target 1 = Option A Target 2 = Option B Target 3 = Option Target 4 = Option D 2. Virtualization and the cloud Datacenters are facilties commonly used to store servers and other communication and data storage equipment. The servers are usually connected to company networks and, depending on the level of security that's required, the Internet. Increasingly, however, companies are making use of cloud services instead of datacenters to meet their computing and data storage needs. This is because of the advantages cloud computing can provide, as a result of its use of virtualization and large-scale consolidation of, computing resources. Cloud computing doesn't depend entirely on virtualization. However, virtualization provides hip brary skllportconcoursewarelContriccalel clip 202 IL enusioutpahdimisctrarscripttmlmamn016 “Topic Teaser the most efficient way to use the hardware resources in a cloud. It results in lower costs and more flexible access computing power, and may make cloud computing more cost-effective for companies than using in-house datacenters. One of the key advantages that virtualization adds to cloud computing is through economies of scale. This refers to the lowering of costs due to an increase in the scale of operations or of production, In the case of virtualization, it refers to the increased amount of available computing power and the lower overall costs that result For example, a new project might require four new servers, each with a lot of storage capacity to run a new business application. This could represent a large financial outlay for the business. It might be cheaper to build this environment on hosted cloud virtualized hardware, Virtualization also reduces costs associated with cooling and electricity. Virtualization provides increased elasticity in cloud computing. In other words, it makes it easier for cloud users to increase or decrease the computing power they use. For example, if there's a sudden increase in your company's work, you might need to increase the amount of computing resources at your disposal. Adding these resources to your datacenter could take weeks — and when work levels abate, you may end up with unused capacity that you've had to pay for. However, cloud-based services make it possible to access additional computing resources almost immediately. Once the additional computing resources are no longer required, you can scale the supply down again. Virtualization also supports increased availability in the cloud. Availability is the expected amount of time for a VM to be up and running. Problems such as hardware failure can affect the availabilty of a VM. By isolating a VM from specific hardware as much as possible, you increase the portability of the VM, which in turn increases its availability. If a server fails, for example, you can simply move the VM to another server. If VMs are running off a proven and dependable virtualization product, you can perform the migration from one server to another with minimal or even no downtime. Increased redundancy in hosts can decrease the costs that are typically associated with availability, You don't require the same level of hardware redundancy as you would if you weren't running VMs. Redundancy in the hosts provides redundancy for the VMs, You can also migrate a VM in the event of a power failure to help prevent downtime and associated losses. If the power fails, you can move VMs onto fewer machines so that your uninterruptible power supplies last longer and services aren't interrupted. It's a best practice to run dedicated host machines. For example, you should avoid running multiple services, such as a file server and VMs, on the same host machine, Graphic hp brary skllportconcoursewarelContriccalel clip 202_jLenusioutpahaimisctranscripttml 79mma016 “opie Teaser Virtual machines running different services, such as applications, services and web sites should not be run on the same machine. One of the major benefits of virtualization is the ability to host multiple VMs on a single server. You can use these VMs to host a variety of web sites, applications, and services. ‘Sometimes you may find that a particular service experiences a huge boost in popularity and so requires more processing power. Increased capacity available on the host can be given to ‘the VM hosting the application, often with minimal downtime depending on the virtualization software. If the host does not have the capacity available, the VM could be migrated to a host with greater resources. Question Identify correct statements about the use of virtualization in a cloud. Options: 1. Auser can move a VM from one physical machine to another to ensure limited or no downtime for a service 2. Auser can easily increase or decrease computing resources as necessary 3. It.can take a long time to add extra computing power in a cloud ‘compared to setting up a physical server in a datacenter 4. Each business that uses a cloud service has its own, dedicated host server Answer Option 1: Correct. A VM isn't tied to speoific hardware, so you can easily move it to another machine — for example, to ensure continued availabilty in the event of a server failure. Option 2: Correct. Through their use of virtualization, cloud services make it easy for users to increase computing resources during peak business periods, or decrease them during slower business periods. Option 3: Incorrect. VMs can be set up or taken down very quickly in a cloud, whereas setting up physical resources in a datacenter can be time- ‘consuming. Option 4: Incorrect. Frequently, different businesses share a host. A single server in a cloud runs multiple VMs. Each VM, rather than server, will be dedicated to a particular business. Correct answer(s): 1. Auser can move a VM from one physical machine to another to ensure limited or no downtime for a service 2. Auser can easily increase or decrease computing resources as necessary hp brary skllportconcoursewarelContriccalel clip 202_jLenusioutpahaimisctranscripttmlmma016 “opie Teaser Summary Virtualization is the process of taking physical computing resources and consolidating them inlo virtual resources on virtualization hosts. The VMs are managed by a VMM or hypervisor. The three main types of virtualization are client, server, and storage virtualization, Virtualization provides users of cloud computing with various advantages. For example, it provides economies of scale, flexibility, and increased availabilty. (© 2016 Skilsoft Holand Lites hip brary skllportconcoursewarelContriccalel clip 202 IL enusioutpahdimisctrarscripttml