MATHEMATICS 10 QUARTER 1 Week 5

Competency:
The learner is able to solve problems involving sequences. (M10AL-If-2)

Expectations
This module was designed to help you master how to solve problems involving sequences such
as Finding the General Formula for an Arithmetic Sequence, Finding the Formula for the Sum of
Arithmetic Sequence or Arithmetic Series, Finding Common Ratio and General Formula for a
Geometric Sequence and Finding the Sum of a Geometric Sequence.
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. recognize arithmetic or geometric sequence in word problems;
2. apply concepts of arithmetic and geometric sequences and series in word problems;
3. solve word problems involving sequences.

Pre-test
Choose the letter of the correct answer and write it on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Find the 12th term of the sequence 3, 11, 19, 27, …
A. 91 C. 93
B. 92 D. 94
2. What is the arithmetic mean between 35 and 105?
A. 60 C. 70
B. 65 D. 75
3. Find the sum of the even integers from 20 to 50.
A. 500 C. 545
B. 515 D. 560
4. Find the common ratio of 2, 22, 242, 2 662, 29 282, …
A. 11 C. 22
B. 20 D. 24
5. Find the sum of the first10 terms of geometric sequence: 1, 4, 16, 64, …
A. 349 255 C. 349 552
B. 349 522 D. 349 525
For numbers 6-8: The following table shows the growth of a class of bacteria in a laboratory.
Time (in hours) 3 4 5 6
Number of bacteria 36 108 324 973
If this pattern goes on,
6. What is nature of this pattern?
A. Arithmetic, with common difference of 72 C. Geometric, with common ratio of 3
B. Arithmetic, with common difference of 216 D. Geometric, with common ratio of 4
7. What is the initial population of this class of bacteria?
A. 3 B. 4 C. 6 D. 12
8. What is the population of this bacteria after 10 hours?
A. 26,244 B. 78,732 C. 236,196 D. 708,588
9. Orlando is making a design for a logo. He begins with a square measuring 24 inches on a side.
The second square has a side length of 19.2 inches, and the third square has a side length of
15.36 inches. Which square will be the first square with a side length of less than 12 inches?
A. fourth square B. fifth square C. sixth square D. seventh square
10. Jerry deposited PhP20,000 on an investment that will give PhP1,750 for every year that his
money stays in the account. How much money will he have in his account by the end of year
8?
A. 30,000 B. 34,000 C. 40,000 D. 47750

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 Looking Back at your Lesson
You have learned from your previous lesson that an arithmetic sequence is a sequence in which
each consecutive term is found by adding / subtracting the same number, called the common
difference, to the previous number. An arithmetic series is the sum of the terms in an arithmetic
sequence.
The nth term of an arithmetic sequence, and is given by an = a1 + (n – 1) d, where
a1 — represents the 1st term.
n — number of terms.
d — represents the common difference.
an — represents the nth term.
n
The sum, Sn, of the terms of the arithmetic sequence is given by Sn = [2a1 + (n – 1) d].
2
On the other hand, a geometric sequence is a sequence in which each succeeding term is found
by multiplying the same number, called the common ratio, to the previous number. A geometric series
is the sum of the terms in a geometric sequence.
The general formula for finding the nth term of a geometric sequence defined by an = a1∙r n-1
where r denotes the common ratio of the sequence.

𝑎1 (1−𝑟 𝑛 )
The sum, Sn, of the terms of the geometric sequence is given by s𝑛 = ,r ≠ 1.
1−r

Introduction of the Topic

Patterns are everywhere. You can find visible regularities wherever you look.
Leaves, beehives, shells, feathers to name a few. Even in space we can see patterns –
planets, orbits, and even the galaxies have patterns.
More than numbers, we study patterns in mathematics. Patterns are the heart
of mathematics. Understanding and recognizing patterns help us make accurate prediction of future
events like predicting weather, for instance.
In solving problems involving sequences and series,
1. Look for the given sequence.
2. If not given, determine whether the pattern resembles an arithmetic sequence or a geometric
sequence, giving appropriate justification.
3. Determine the known quantities and the quantity/ies to be solved.
4. If the pattern is arithmetic in nature, use the concepts and techniques taught in Module 2
(finding common difference, finding nth term of the sequence, sum, etc.)
5. If the pattern is geometric in nature, use the concepts and techniques taught in Module 4
(finding common ratio, finding nth term of the sequence, sum, etc.)
Example 1. What is the difference between the 7th and 13th terms (i.e. a13 - a7) of 2, 6, 10, 14, …?
Solution: GIVEN SEQUENCE: The sequence given is 2, 6, 10, 14, …
NATURE OF SEQUENCE: If we observe the pattern of this sequence, we see that this is
an arithmetic sequence since we can keep adding 4 to the preceding terms to obtain
the next.
KNOWN QUANTITIES:
a1 = 2 d=4
UNKNOWN QUANTITIES:
a7 =? a13 =? a13 - a7=?
SOLVING THE UNKNOWN QUANTITIES:
a7 = a1 + (7-1)d a13 = a1 + (13-1)d
a7 = 2 + 6 (4) a13 = 2 + 12 (4)
a7 = 2 + 24 a13 = 2 + 48
a7 = 26 a13 = 50

Hence, a13 – a7 = 50 – 26 =
24

MATH 10 QUARTER 1 WEEK 5 P a g e 2|8

Example 2. Find the sum of the odd integers from 3 to 99.
Solution: GIVEN SEQUENCE: We can write the sequence of odd integers from 3 to 99 as
3, 5, 7, …, 97, 99
NATURE OF SEQUENCE: If we observe the pattern of this sequence, we see that this is
an arithmetic sequence since we can keep adding 2 to the preceding terms to obtain
the next.
KNOWN QUANTITIES:
a1 = 3 an = 99 d=2
UNKNOWN QUANTITIES:
n and Sn
SOLVING THE UNKNOWN QUANTITIES:
To solve for n, use the formula in Substitute the computed values to our formula.
finding the nth term of an n
arithmetic sequence. Sn = (a1 + an)
2
an = a1 + (n – 1) d 49
an = a1 + nd – d Sn = (3 + 99)
2
99 = 3 + n (2) – 2
Sn = 24.5 (102)
n (2) = 99 – 3 + 2
2n = 98 Sn = 2 499
98
n=
2
n = 49

Example 3. As early as Grade 3, Khent Rolance was taught by his parents to save money. He has a
piggy bank with an initial amount of PhP500. He starts to deposit money every month
in the following pattern for a period of two years: 10, 15, 20, 25, and so on. How much
will be the total amount of money he has after two years?
Solution: GIVEN SEQUENCE: 10, 15, 20, 25, …,
NATURE OF SEQUENCE: If we observe the pattern of this sequence, we see that this is
an arithmetic sequence since we can keep adding 5 to the preceding terms to obtain
the next.
KNOWN QUANTITIES:
a1 = 2 d=5 n=24 (two years is equivalent to 24 months)
UNKNOWN QUANTITIES:
S24 and the total amount of money Khent has after two years
SOLVING THE UNKNOWN QUANTITIES:
The total amount will be the Initial money + Sum of all the monthly savings
PhP500 + Sum of all the sequence (which is S24)
𝑛
Solving S24 we use [2a1 + (n – 1) d].
2
𝟐𝟒
S24 = [2(10) + (24 – 1)(5)] substituting known quantities
𝟐
= 12(20+(23)(5)) simplifying equation
= 12(20+115)
= 1,620
The sum of all his money saved for two years in PhP1,620.

Therefore, his total money in two years is PhP500 +

PhP1,620=PhP2,120.

Example 4. How much will Reynan receive on his 25th year in his career as an engineer if his starting
salary is ₱30,000 and he receives ₱1 500 salary raise every year?
Solution: GIVEN SEQUENCE: The first term of the sequence is 30,000 since this is Reynan’s
starting salary. The problem stated that every year his salary increases by 1,500. So,
his salary on the second year is 31,500, and 33,000 on the third year, and so on until
he reaches his 25th year in service. Hence, we can write the sequence as
30000, 31500, 33000, …

MATH 10 QUARTER 1 WEEK 5 P a g e 3|8

 NATURE OF SEQUENCE: If we observe the pattern of this sequence, we see that this is
an arithmetic sequence since we can keep adding 1,500 to the preceding terms to
obtain the next.
KNOWN QUANTITIES:
a1 = 30,000 d = 1,500 n=25
UNKNOWN QUANTITIES:
We are just looking for Reynan’s salary on his 25 th year. So, we look for a25.
SOLVING THE UNKNOWN QUANTITIES:
From the problem, we will have the sequence, 30 000, 31 500, 33 000, 34 500, …
We use an = a1 + (n – 1) d
a25 = 30,000 + (25 – 1) 1,500
a25 = 30,000 + (24) 1,500
a 25 = 30,000 + 36,000
a25 = 66,000

Example 5. Find the common ratio of the geometric sequence if the first term is 24 and the fifth
term is 57,624.
Solution: GIVEN SEQUENCE: 24, ___, ____, ____, 57624
NATURE OF SEQUENCE: It is given that the series is geometric.
KNOWN QUANTITIES:
a1 = 24 a5 = 57 624 n = 5
UNKNOWN QUANTITIES:
We must find the common ratio, r.
SOLVING THE UNKNOWN QUANTITIES:
an = a1 r n – 1
a5 = a1 r 4
57,624 = 24r 4 Substitute the given values
57624
r4 = Simplify
24
r4 = 2 401
4
r = √2 401 Taking the fourth root.
r=7

Example 6. Levi is playing an online game. If he acquires a power-up, it triples the coins he has
every time he beats a villain. If Levi has 4 coins at the start and gains a power-up, how
much coin does will he have if beats 12 enemies?
Solution: GIVEN SEQUENCE: The problem states that the player’s coins will be three times its
value every time he beats an enemy. If at the start the player has 4 coins, then beating
an enemy will give him 4 × 3 = 12 coins. Beating another enemy will give him 12 × 3 =
36 coins, and this pattern goes on. Hence, we can write the sequence as
4, 12, 36, …, 𝑎12 , 𝑎13
NATURE OF SEQUENCE: It is given that the series is geometric since we must multiply
3 to each preceding term of the sequence after the first to obtain the next term.
KNOWN QUANTITIES:
a1 = 4 r=3 n = 13
To justify the number of terms in this problem, remember that the player has 4 coins in
the beginning. So that is 𝑎1 . When he beats the FIRST enemy, he will then have 12 coins
and this is 𝑎2 . Then beating the SECOND enemy will give him 36 coins, and so on.
4 12 36, …, a12 , a13
Initial Beating 1st Enemy Beating 2nd Enemy Beating 11th Enemy Beating 12th Enemy

UNKNOWN QUANTITIES:
We must find a13 .
SOLVING THE UNKNOWN QUANTITIES:
We use an = a1 r n−1
a13 = 4(3)13−1 substituting known values

MATH 10 QUARTER 1 WEEK 5 P a g e 4|8

 = 4(3)12 simplifying expressions
= 4(531,441)
= 2,125,764
Thus, Levi has 2,125,764 after beating the twelfth enemy.

Example 7: A businessman initially deposited PhP500,000 in a bank that offers an interest rate of
6% compounded annually. The money, as long as it is invested in this bank, grows
according to the following table:
Time (in years) 0 1 2 3
Amount 500,000 530,000 561,800 595,508
If this pattern goes on, how much money will the businessman receive in the 10th year?

Solution: GIVEN SEQUENCE: The problem stated that the initial amount invested was
PhP500,000. Hence, this is our a1 . Looking at the table we see that the given sequence
is 500000, 530000, 561800, 595,508,…
NATURE OF SEQUENCE: Observe that
530,000 561,800 595,508
= 1.06 , = 1.06, = 1.06
500,000 530,000 561,800
So, we have a geometric series with common ratio 1.06.
KNOWN QUANTITIES:
a1 = 500,000 r = 1.06
n = 11 (since we include zero as a1 , we have a11 as the tenth year)
UNKNOWN QUANTITIES:
We must find a11 .
SOLVING THE UNKNOWN QUANTITIES:
We use an = a1 r n−1
a11 = 500000(1.06)11−1 substituting known values
= 500000(1.06) 10 simplifying expressions
= 500000(1.790847697)
= 895,423.85 rounded off to nearest hundredths
The businessman will receive PhP895,423.85 after 10 years.

Activities

ACTIVITY 1. FALL FOR YOU

Instructions: Read, analyze, and solve the problem below. Show all solutions. Each of the correct
answer corresponds to a letter on the right which answers the puzzle at the bottom.

A Arithmetic
B 14.8
C 30.2
D 10
E 15
F 44.2
G Geometric
H 829.4
I 5
J 122.6
K 34.4
L 491
M 49
N 45
O 45.8

MATH 10 QUARTER 1 WEEK 5 P a g e 5|8

A ball falls from the top of a tower. After one second, it drops 5 meters below the P 16.8
top of the tower and increases by 9.8 meters for every subsequent second. Q 9.8
R 24.6
1. Is the sequence arithmetic or geometric? S 980
T 30
2-7. Write the first six terms of this sequence.
U 54
8. How many meters did the ball drop on the 10th second? V 54.8
W 10.5
X 5.9
9. What is the total distance the ball travelled after falling for 10 seconds? Y 98
Z 100
10. If the ball hits the ground on the 13th second, how high is the tower?

What tower was the ball dropped?

3 7 4 8 5 10 1 9 2 6 1

Activity 2. Find Me
Solve the following problems. Show all your solutions.
1. If the sum of the first five terms of a geometric series is 1,023 with its first term equal to 3.
then what is the common ratio of this sequence?

2. Mharc Rolance saves as follows: ₱60 on the first week; ₱100 on the second week; ₱140 on the
third week, and so on, for one year or a total of 52 weeks. Can you identify the amount of his
52nd deposit?

3. Kyle Eunice has 78 blocks. She stacked it in such a way that the topmost row has one block,
the row below it has two blocks, and row below it has three blocks, and so on. How many rows
does this stack have?

Remember

In solving problems involving sequences and series,

1. Look for the given sequence.
2. If not given, determine whether the pattern resembles an arithmetic sequence or a geometric
sequence, giving appropriate justification.
3. Determine the known quantities and the quantity/ies to be solved.
4. If the pattern is arithmetic in nature, use the concepts and techniques taught in Module 2
(finding common difference, finding nth term of the sequence, sum, etc.)
5. If the pattern is geometric in nature, use the concepts and techniques taught in Module 4
(finding common ratio, finding nth term of the sequence, sum, etc.)

Check your Understanding

1. Find the sum of the first seven terms of a geometric sequence whose third term is 25 and sixth
term is 3,125.
2. The size of an insect population doubles every week. If there are 25 insects initially present,
how many insects will there be in eight weeks?
3. Sydney borrowed money from her mother and promised to pay every week. On the first week
she paid her mother PhP80, PhP73 on the second week, 66 on the third, and so on. If her debt
is repaid on the 9th week, how much did she borrow?

MATH 10 QUARTER 1 WEEK 5 P a g e 6|8

 Reflection

Post Test

Choose the letter of the correct answer and write it on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Find the 12th term of the sequence 3, 11, 19, 27, …
A. 91 C. 93
B. 92 D. 94
2. What is the arithmetic mean between 35 and 105?
A. 60 C. 70
B. 65 D. 75
3. Find the sum of the even integers from 20 to 50.
A. 500 C. 545
B. 515 D. 560
4. Find the common ratio of 2, 22, 242, 2 662, 29 282, …
A. 11 C. 22
B. 20 D. 24
5. Find the sum of the first10 terms of geometric sequence: 1, 4, 16, 64, …
A. 349 255 C. 349 552
B. 349 522 D. 349 525
For numbers 6-8: The following table shows the growth of a class of bacteria in a laboratory.
Time (in hours) 3 4 5 6
Number of bacteria 36 108 324 973
If this pattern goes on,
6. What is nature of this pattern?
A. Arithmetic, with common difference of 72 C. Geometric, with common ratio of 3
B. Arithmetic, with common difference of 216 D. Geometric, with common ratio of 4
7. What is the initial population of this class of bacteria?
A. 3 B. 4 C. 6 D. 12
8. What is the population of this bacteria after 10 hours?
A. 26,244 B. 78,732 C. 236,196 D. 708,588
9. Orlando is making a design for a logo. He begins with a square measuring 24 inches on a side.
The second square has a side length of 19.2 inches, and the third square has a side length of
15.36 inches. Which square will be the first square with a side length of less than 12 inches?
A. fourth square B. fifth square C. sixth square D. seventh square
10. Jerry deposited PhP20,000 on an investment that will give PhP1,750 for every year that his
money stays in the account. How much money will he have in his account by the end of year
8?
A. 30,000 B. 34,000 C. 40,000 D. 47750

MATH 10 QUARTER 1 WEEK 5 P a g e 7|8

 MATHEMATICS 10
Quarter 1 Week 5
ANSWER SHEET
Name: Math Teacher:
Section: Score:

MATH 10 QUARTER 1 WEEK 5 P a g e 8|8