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Engineering Standard
SAES-A-401 1 January 2018
Closed Drain Systems (CDS)
Document Responsibility: Industrial Drainage Standards Committee

Contents
1 Scope ............................................................3
2 Conflicts and Deviations..................................4
3 References ....................................................4
4 Definitions ......................................................7
5 General Requirements .................................. 11
6 Design Requirements ................................... 12
7 Figures ........................................................ 23
Revision Summary.............................................. 24

Previous Issue: 29 October 2015 Next Planned Update: 29 October 2018

Revised paragraphs are indicated in the right margin Page 1 of 41
Contact: Al-Qahtani, Salem Mohummed (qahtansm) on phone +966-13-8801400

©Saudi Aramco 2018. All rights reserved.

Document Responsibility: Industrial Drainage Standards Committee SAES-A-401
Issue Date: 1 January 2018
Next Planned Update: 29 October 2018 Closed Drain Systems (CDS)

SAES-A-401 Revision Log (exclude format or minor edit changes)

Section Title Change
1.1 Scope Added revision log part of the scope.
1.2 Scope Added word “onshore” to emphasize the standard is for onshore plants.
1.4.2 Scope Deleted “Refer to SAES-A-402” because this standard does not exist at this
time.
3.1 References Added reference to SAEP-250 because it contains definition of SIL.
3.2 References Added reference to API 521 because it has calculations for CDS drum
sizing.
4 Definitions Added “Confined Space” definition from OSHA 29 CFR 1910.146 which
applies to the Oil and Gas facilities.
4 Definitions Updated SIL definition by referring to SAEP-250.
4 Definitions Update “Sour Water” definition with limits of Ammonia content.
Previously, Ammonia >0 triggered a need for a sour water system. The
updated definition is aligned with the new SA standard on Sour Water
Stripping.
6.2.1 Closed Drain Drum Removed reference to Figures 1A and 1B because both figures are
substantively the same. Instead referred to a single Figure 1.
6.2.3.1 Closed Drain Drum Removed 25 m3 fixed size limit. Adopted sizing criterion from
API 521 which is relevant to sizing of collection drums such as a CDS
vessel.
6.2.3.2 Closed Drain Drum Updated L/D ratio because CDS vessel is a liquid collection vessel instead
of a flow stabilizing vessel (e.g., slugcatchers)
6.2.3.2 Closed Drain Drum Exceptions:
For facilities where existing CDS Drum do not comply with volume, a new
CDS Drum shall be provided unless written approval is granted by the
Chairman of Industrial Drainage Standards Committee.
6.2.3.5 Closed Drain Drum Updated the vapor space requirement in line with API 521 to ensure that
sufficient vapor space is present to avoid liquid carryover.
6.2.5 Closed Drain Drum Drums to be designed for full vacuum instead of a half vacuum to ensure
full range of operation and maintenance without a risk of tank collapse
during steam out.
6.2.11 Closed Drain Drum Provided an option to place the drum below grade but only after reducing
the risk of confined space to ALARP level.
6.7.1.1 Aqueous Draw Offs Remove the reference to EPD.
6.8.2.3 Disengaging Drums Remove alternative disposal process.
6.11 Bulk Plant Removed the section on Bulk Plant because bulk plants do not have a
dedicated flare to tie the CDS vessel. Also, bulk plants receive finished
products (without toxic material). The discussion on bulk plant transferred
to SAES-A-400.
7 Figures Removed Figure 1B because it was similar to Figure 1A. Instead the two
figures are merged into Figure 1.
7 Figures Removed Figure 17 because this figure shows an atmospheric vessel
primarily for heel recovery at Bulk Plants. This figure caused confusion
amongst users with respect to the purpose of a closed drain system.
7 Figures Added illustrations of below grade installations at operating facilities in
Saudi Arabia.

Page 2 of 41
Document Responsibility: Industrial Drainage Standards Committee SAES-A-401
Issue Date: 1 January 2018
Next Planned Update: 29 October 2018 Closed Drain Systems (CDS)

1 Scope

1.1 This version is fully aligned with international regulations (e.g., OSHA)
and design practices of major oil and gas companies including Shell, Exxon
and Total. The key updates in this revision discuss sizing criterion of closed
drain system vessel, allowance of below grade vessels and conditions for sour
water stripper installations capitalizing on learnings from major complexes
(e.g., SATORP) and other best in class facilities.

1.2 The purpose of this standard is to provide minimum requirements for the
design of a Closed Drain System (CDS) for onshore hydrocarbon plants to
ensure that all liquids can be drained safely with minimum risk of fire or injury.
Full conformance to this standard will ensure that onshore facility drainage
systems are capable of handling draining during both normal operations,
maintenance, and during testing and inspections (T&I).

1.3 Specifically, this standard provides guidelines for design and safe handling of:

1.3.1 liquid hydrocarbons,

1.3.2 toxic liquids,

1.3.3 chemicals dissolved in liquid hydrocarbons,

1.3.4 corrosive liquids,

1.3.5 aqueous materials, and

1.3.6 other liquid effluents that are either flammable or toxic

that are drained in Saudi Aramco's onsite and offsite facilities, including but not
limited to transportation pipelines, tank farms and other types of hydrocarbons
processing or handling facilities where a CDS is required.

1.4 This standard is applicable retroactively to all existing and new facilities as
specified in SAEP-125.

1.5 This standard does not cover:

1.5.1 The environmental aspects for the disposal of wastewater from CDS
(refer to SAES-A-104).

1.5.2 The handling and drainage of standalone chemicals.

1.5.3 The offshore platform drainage systems (refer to SAES-A-403).

Page 3 of 41
Document Responsibility: Industrial Drainage Standards Committee SAES-A-401
Issue Date: 1 January 2018
Next Planned Update: 29 October 2018 Closed Drain Systems (CDS)

1.5.4 The flare and safety valve headers (refer to SAES-F-007).

1.5.5 Dewatering of non-toxic combustible liquid product tanks (refer to

SAES-S-020).

2 Conflicts and Deviations

Any conflicts between this document and other applicable Mandatory Saudi Aramco
Engineering Requirements (MSAERs) shall be addressed to the EK&RD Coordinator.

Any deviation from the requirements herein shall follow internal company procedure
SAEP-302.

3 References

All referenced specifications, standards, codes, forms, drawings, and similar material
shall be considered part of this Standard to the extent specified herein and shall be the
latest issue (including all revisions, addenda, and supplements) unless stated otherwise.

3.1 Saudi Aramco References

Saudi Aramco General Instructions

GI-0150.100 Hazardous Materials Communication (HAZCOM)
Program
GI-0430.001 Implementing the Saudi Aramco Hazardous Waste
Code

Saudi Aramco Manual

SMS Manual Saudi Aramco Safety Management System:
Element 5 - Assets Integrity

Saudi Aramco Engineering Procedures

SAEP-125 Preparation of Saudi Aramco Engineering
Standards
SAEP-250 Safety Integrity Level Assignment and Verification
SAEP-302 Waiver of a Mandatory Saudi Aramco Engineering
Requirement
SAEP-325 Inspection Requirements for Pressurized Equipment

Saudi Aramco Engineering Standards

SAES-A-020 Equipment Specific P&ID Templates (ESPT)

Page 4 of 41
Document Responsibility: Industrial Drainage Standards Committee SAES-A-401
Issue Date: 1 January 2018
Next Planned Update: 29 October 2018 Closed Drain Systems (CDS)

SAES-A-104 Wastewater Treatment, Reuse, and Disposal

SAES-A-400 Industrial Drainage Systems
SAES-A-402 Chemicals Handling Systems (under development
refer to commentary note)
SAES-A-403 Offshore Platform Drainage Systems
SAES-B-005 Spacing and Diking for Atmospheric and Low-
Pressure Tanks
SAES-B-008 Restrictions to Use of Cellars, Pits, and Trenches
SAES-B-017 Fire Water System Design
SAES-B-054 Access, Egress, and Materials Handling for Plant
Facilities
SAES-B-057 Safety Requirements: Refrigerated and Pressure
Storage Tanks and Vessels
SAES-B-058 Emergency Shutdown, Isolation, and Depressuring
SAES-B-068 Electrical Area Classification
SAES-B-070 Fire and Safety Requirements for Bulk Plants, Air
Fueling and Sulfur Loading Facilities
SAES-D-001 Design Criteria for Pressure Vessels
SAES-D-100 Design Criteria of Atmospheric and Low-Pressure
Tanks
SAES-D-109 Design of Small Tanks
SAES-D-116 Underground Storage Tank System
SAES-F-007 System Design Criteria for Flares
SAES-G-005 Centrifugal Pumps
SAES-H-001 Coating Selection & Application Requirements
for Industrial Plants & Equipment
SAES-J-003 Instrumentation - Basic Design Criteria
SAES-J-004 Instrumentation Symbols and Identification
SAES-L-105 Piping Material Specifications
SAES-L-132 Material Selection of Piping Systems
SAES-L-133 Corrosion Protection Requirements for Pipelines,
Piping and Process Equipment
SAES-L-136 Restrictions on the Use of Line Pipe

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Document Responsibility: Industrial Drainage Standards Committee SAES-A-401
Issue Date: 1 January 2018
Next Planned Update: 29 October 2018 Closed Drain Systems (CDS)

SAES-L-310 Design of Plant Piping

SAES-L-350 Construction of Plant Piping
SAES-S-020 Oily Water Drainage Systems
Commentary:

The Industrial Drainage Standards Committee will develop the proposed standard
SAES-A-402. Until this standard is issued, any queries concerning industrial
drainage systems shall be forwarded to the following:

 Manager, Process & Control Systems Department

 Chairman, Industrial Drainage Standards Committee

Saudi Aramco Materials Systems Specification

31-SAMSS-004 Centrifugal Pumps

Saudi Aramco Standard Drawings

AB-036492-001 Local Instrument Symbols (Pneumatic & Electronic)
AB-036492-002 Local Instrument Symbols (Miscellaneous)
AB-036493-002 Panel Instrument Symbols
AC-036045-001 Detail Vent, Drain and Sample Connections
AC-036950-001 Instrument Symbols
AD-036491-001 In-Line Instrument Symbols

Saudi Aramco Engineering Reports

SAER-1972 Saudi Aramco Materials Inspection and Testing
SAER-5437 Guidelines for Conducting HAZOP Studies

3.2 Industry Codes and Standards

American National Standard Institute

ISA 5.1 - 1984 (R1992) Instrumentation Symbols and Identification

American Petroleum Institute

API 521 Pressure-relieving and Depressuring Systems
API 676 Positive Displacement Pumps - Rotary
API 2219 Safe Operation of Vacuum Trucks in Petroleum
Service

Page 6 of 41
Document Responsibility: Industrial Drainage Standards Committee SAES-A-401
Issue Date: 1 January 2018
Next Planned Update: 29 October 2018 Closed Drain Systems (CDS)

American Society for Testing and Materials

ASTM D97 Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum
Products

National Fire Protection Association

NFPA 704 Identification of the Hazards of Materials for
Emergency Response

U.S. Department of Labor: Occupational Safety and Health Administration

29 CFR 1910.119(l) Process Safety Management of Highly Hazardous
Chemicals

Underwriters Laboratories
UL 79 Power-Operated Pumps for Petroleum Dispensing
Products

3.3 Chemical Hazard Bulletins (CHB's)

CHB# 14 Sodium Hydroxide (Caustic Soda)
CHB# 47 Benzene
CHB# 71 Phenol (Carbolic Acid)
CHB# 155 Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S)
CHB# 400 Sulfuric Acid
CHB# 518 STADIS 450 (Anti-Static Additive)
CHB#586 Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (MTBE)
CHB# 666 Hot Pot - 922 (Corrosion Inhibitor)

4 Definitions

Aqueous Effluent: Process water draw-offs, cooling water, and other aqueous effluent
streams which may be contaminated with hydrocarbons, H2S and which could otherwise
create hazardous conditions if they were discharged directly to the oily water drainage
system (OWDS).

Bulk Plants: A facility, whose primary function is to receive and store refined
petroleum products in storage tanks for the primary purpose of distribution by tank
truck, rail tank car, and pipeline.

Chemical Hazard Bulletin (CHB): An internal company document (Available in both

English & Arabic) developed by Environmental Protection Department to provide
standardized one-page summary of a material’s hazard ratings that will specify health

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Document Responsibility: Industrial Drainage Standards Committee SAES-A-401
Issue Date: 1 January 2018
Next Planned Update: 29 October 2018 Closed Drain Systems (CDS)

hazard, fire & reactivity, handling, storage & disposal and first aid information for use
in the handling of hazardous materials. Use of CHBs shall be consistent with the
requirements contained within GI-0150.100, Hazardous Materials Communication
Program (HAZCOM) to ensure employees are knowledgeable of the hazards associated
with the specific chemicals.

Closed Drain System (CDS): A closed drain system is a collection system consisting
of piping and vessels connected to selected hydrocarbon drains for the containment,
recovery or safe disposal of collected liquids, which would otherwise cause hazardous
releases of hydrocarbon or H2S to the atmosphere or to OWDS. A CDS is isolated from
air or oxygen sources. An illustrative configuration of CDS is shown in Figures 1, 13
and 14. A CDS includes a closed drain header (CDS Header), lateral sub-headers, a
pressure vessel (CDS Drum), and a liquid transfer system.

Collection Vessel: For the purpose of this standard, a collection vessel is defined as a
non-concrete containment service for holding liquids in which receiving and emptying
is not necessarily continuous. The liquids can be either oily water or hydrocarbons.

Combustible Liquid: A liquid that has a flash point greater than 130°F (54°C).
Examples of such fluids are diesel; transformer oils, bunker fuel, and sulfur (refer to
SAES-B-005).

Confined Space: a space that:

(1) Is large enough and so configured that an employee can bodily enter and perform
assigned work; and
(2) Has limited or restricted means for entry or exit (for example, tanks, vessels, silos,
storage bins, hoppers, vaults, and pits are spaces that may have limited means of
entry); and
(3) Is not designed for continuous employee occupancy.

Dewatering Effluent: Contaminated liquid water that is separated from a hydrocarbon

storage vessel or tank that requires further treatment to separate and or recover
contained hydrocarbons, remove H2S, etc., before the water is disposed off through a
waste water treatment system in accordance with SAES-A-104.

Fire Risk Area: Refer to SAES-B-017.

Flammable Liquid: A liquid that has a flash point equal to or less than 130°F (54°C).
Examples of such fluids are: stabilized crude, gasoline, Jet A-1, Jet JP-4, Jet JP-8, C6
and lighter feed and blending stocks, C7+ feed stocks, and methanol. For purposes of
this standard, a combustible liquid stored or processed at a temperature equal to or
higher than 15°F (8°C) below its flashpoint shall be considered to be a flammable liquid
(refer to SAES-B-005).

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Document Responsibility: Industrial Drainage Standards Committee SAES-A-401
Issue Date: 1 January 2018
Next Planned Update: 29 October 2018 Closed Drain Systems (CDS)

Flash Point: The flash point of a flammable liquid is the lowest temperature at which it
can form an ignitable mixture in air. At this temperature the vapor may cease to burn
when the source of ignition is removed (refer to SAES-B-005).

Flushing Oil: A lighter (such as diesel) hydrocarbon liquid that is completely miscible
and can be used to improve the fluidity of a high pour point hydrocarbon liquid.

HAZOP: Hazard and Operability study as specified in SAER-5437.

Health Hazard Materials: Any material or chemical for which there is statistically
significant evidence based on at least one study conducted in accordance with
established scientific principles that acute or chronic health effects may occur in
exposed employees (as defined in GI-0150.100).

High Health Hazard Materials: High Health Hazard Materials, as defined herein,
include:
(a) Materials with a Health Hazard rating of 3 or 4 per the Saudi Aramco Chemical
Hazards Bulletins (CHBs), or per NFPA 704. Examples of such materials include
but are not limited to:

 sodium hydroxide (caustic soda) – CHB# 14

 benzene – CHB# 47
 phenol (carbolic acid) – CHB# 71
 hydrogen sulfide (H2S) – CHB# 155
 sulfuric acid – CHB# 400
 STADIS 450 – (anti-static additive) – CHB# 518
 methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) – CHB#586
 hot pot -922 (corrosion inhibitor) – CHB# 666
(b) Highly corrosive materials such as acid, caustic, and other materials injurious to
personnel.

Highly Corrosive Materials: For purposes of applying this Standard, aqueous

materials with a pH level 1-3 (acid) or pH level 12-14 (base) which, on brief exposure,
could cause major injury or destructive damage.

High-Pour Point Materials: Materials that have a pour point within 18°F (10°C) of
the ambient temperature (e.g., un-dewaxed vacuum gas oil).

Hydrocarbon Plants: Includes facilities under both Process Areas and Outside
Process Areas.

Inventory: All liquid contained in the vessel including contents in the piping to the

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Document Responsibility: Industrial Drainage Standards Committee SAES-A-401
Issue Date: 1 January 2018
Next Planned Update: 29 October 2018 Closed Drain Systems (CDS)

nearest emergency shut down or block valve.

Light-ends Hydrocarbons: Liquid hydrocarbons either as mixtures or pure component

products that have a True Vapor Pressure (TVP) higher than 15 psia (103 kPa abs) at
130°F (54°C). Examples of such liquids include mixtures of propane, butanes,
pentanes, etc.

Liquid Transfer System: System designed to transfer liquid to a higher pressure by

using pumps, pressure, or vacuum evacuation.

Oily Water: Mixtures of hydrocarbon residues and water. Oily water is considered
contaminated water released during normal operation.
Note: Due to unforeseen conditions and during uncontrollable accidental situations such as
during fire or spill-containment, the oily water drainage system may receive
oil-contaminated wastewater with flammable hydrocarbons (refer to SAES-S-020).

Oily Water Drainage System (OWDS): A system that removes surface runoffs and
effluents from process areas within a plot limit to a treatment facility, or off-plot pond
area. It operates either by gravity or pumping force. The OWDS consists of catch
basins, manholes, and a network of drainage piping consisting of sub-laterals, laterals,
sub-mains and mains (refer to SAES-S-020).

Outside Process Areas: Typical outside process area facilities include bulk plants,
tank farms, pipelines, wastewater ponds, etc.

Pour Point: Pour point of a liquid is the lowest temperature at which the liquid will
just flow under standards test conditions as defined by ASTM D97, Standards Test
Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Oils (D97/IP 15).

Pressurized Hydrocarbons: Pressurized hydrocarbons shall mean that the pressure in

the source equipment at the time of drainage is sufficient to overcome the hydraulic and
static system pressure drop to transfer liquid hydrocarbons to a CDS.

Process Areas: All physical areas of a facility that involve processing, handling and
treating of hydrocarbons including any sources of ignition.

Residual Volume: The total residual volume is taken at the sum of volume contents
below low low liquid level (LLLL) in each process vessel that can be drained into the
CDS System.

Safety Integrity Level (SIL): Refer to SAEP-250 for definition.

Sour Water: Water that is characterized by any of the following, H2S (>10 ppmw),
NH3 (> 20 ppmw), water in contact with flammable hydrocarbons and other toxic
components such as benzene, phenols, etc.

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Document Responsibility: Industrial Drainage Standards Committee SAES-A-401
Issue Date: 1 January 2018
Next Planned Update: 29 October 2018 Closed Drain Systems (CDS)

Tank Dewatering System: A system to remove settled water from atmospheric

hydrocarbon storage tanks. (For combustible liquid tanks, refer to SAES-S-020.)

Terminals: Any facility that receives hydrocarbons for storage and export or import,
and for any local distribution.

Toxic: See definition for High Health Hazard Materials.

Water Disengaging Drum (WD Drum): A WD Drum separates hydrocarbons from

aqueous effluent streams. The separated hydrocarbon vapors flow to a flare system.
The separated hydrocarbon liquid is drained to CDS or OWDS in accordance with
SAES-A-400 or sent to slop tank. The contaminated water flows to either OWDS or
sour water stripping or safe disposal into an oil-bearing formation or slop tank in
accordance with SAES-A-104 requirements.

5 General Requirements

Selection of the type of a CDS shall be based on the following design and operating
philosophies:

5.1 The facilities described in this Standard are intended to provide for the safe
handling of various drainage materials, so that they may be safely routed to a
CDS. A CDS specified herein shall ensure that flammable or toxic materials are
disposed of without hazard of fire, adverse health effects or injury when
equipment is taken out of service. The CDS shall not be used for process upset
conditions such as PZV discharge (except for thermal relief).

5.2 Systems are also described here which shall handle process water draw-offs,
hydrocarbon contaminated cooling water and other aqueous effluent streams,
and streams which could otherwise create hazardous conditions if they were
discharged directly to OWDS.

5.3 In order to minimize drainage to CDS, product or intermediate process streams

shall be diverted to an off-specification system (e.g., during startup, emergency
or shutdown of downstream equipment).

5.4 The CDS facilities shall be considered as standard process piping and equipment
and shall follow established T&I procedures according to SAEP-325 and
SAER-1972.

5.5 All piping and instrumentation requirements for proper design, control and
operation of selected equipment within CDS shall be in accordance with
SAES-A-020, SAES-L-105, SAES-L-350 and SAES-L-132.

5.6 All liquid drain systems shall be designed and conformed to the formal Hazard

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Document Responsibility: Industrial Drainage Standards Committee SAES-A-401
Issue Date: 1 January 2018
Next Planned Update: 29 October 2018 Closed Drain Systems (CDS)

and Operability (HAZOP) methodology following the guidelines in HAZOP

Engineering Report SAER-5437.

5.7 All facilities where vacuum trucks are allowed in this standard for withdrawing
drained liquids from collection vessels shall be designed, constructed, and
operated in accordance with the requirements of API 2219.

To transfer flammable hydrocarbon contents of vacuum truck, non-piston type

positive displacement pump shall be provided at the receiving vessel located
within Saudi Aramco facilities.

5.7.1 Each collection vessel shall be located to allow vacuum truck to safely
stop and connect to the connection pipe to empty by vacuuming the
contents.

5.7.2 For locations where due to space limitations vacuum truck for emptying
the collection vessels cannot get closer than 6 m (20 ft), pumps in
accordance with SAES-G-005 shall be provided. These pumps shall
transfer drained liquids to a slop tank or to a service that can accept such
liquids, but not to a lift station.
5.8 All drain points allowed by this standard to be discharged to OWDS shall have
an air gap and sealed connections per SAES-S-020 Section 4.8 unless other
safety regulations state otherwise.

6 Design Requirements

6.1 Closed Drain System

Closed Drain System (CDS) shall be provided for draining process vessels and
process equipment (e.g., exchangers, pumps, piping and header, instrumentation,
control valves, compressor casing, and compressor cylinder and pulsation
dampener drains) for liquids described in paragraph 1.2.

6.1.1 An illustrative CDS configuration is shown in Figures 1, 13 and 14.

Positive pressure shall be maintained in the CDS Drum under all
conditions. Excess vapor shall flow to flare. Design shall avoid liquids
to flare.

6.1.2 For services that operate at pressures less than the operating pressure in
the CDS Drum, any non-toxic combustible residual liquids may be
drained to OWDS in accordance with SAES-A-400. If the service is
flammable, high health hazard materials or toxic, liquid shall be
transferred under pressure to CDS. After complete depressurization and
draining of equipment inventory into CDS, residual inventories of

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Document Responsibility: Industrial Drainage Standards Committee SAES-A-401
Issue Date: 1 January 2018
Next Planned Update: 29 October 2018 Closed Drain Systems (CDS)

flammable and combustible liquids and high health hazard materials shall
follow requirement per SAES-A-400, Section 5.4.

Illustrative configuration to drain instrumentation connection is shown in

Figure 2.

Illustrative utility connections for vessels and piping header are shown in
Figures 3, 4, and 7.

6.1.3 For facilities that do not completely shut down during T&I of CDS
Drum, an alternate provision shall be made to safely dispose the
hydrocarbons through available equipment and procedures.

6.1.4 In remote locations, where a CDS is neither justified nor practicable,

e.g., scraper launcher/receiver, a draining system shall be designed in
accordance with Section 6 of SAES-A-400.

6.1.5 Drainage system components (such as Drum, pipe, etc…) shall be

designed in order to accommodate any possible gas blow-by scenario
along with pressure build-up that can occur while draining.

6.2 Closed Drain Drum

The Closed Drain Drum (CDS Drum) serves to separate liquid and vapor so that
the vapor portion can be safely flared or recovered. The separated liquid is
pumped to appropriate disposal facilities such as a slop tank or recycled to
process.

CDS Drum for hydrocarbon service shall be designed in accordance with the
criteria listed below:

6.2.1 An illustrative CDS Drum and its associated equipment and headers
are illustrated in Figures 1, 13 and 14.

6.2.2 A single CDS Drum may be used for more than one process
unit, provided safety and plant operability are not compromised.
However, when this drum is out of service, i.e., for T&I, all units
served by it shall be shut down unless connections are made to another
system of adequate capacity.

6.2.3 Sizing of the CDS Drum and location of the level instruments are
based on the following (see Figure 15):

6.2.3.1 CDS Drum working volume is defined as the liquid volume

between the high liquid level (HLL) alarm (“B” in Figure 15)
and low liquid level (LLL) alarm (“A” in Figure 15).

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Document Responsibility: Industrial Drainage Standards Committee SAES-A-401
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Next Planned Update: 29 October 2018 Closed Drain Systems (CDS)

CDS Drum working volume shall be taken at 30 minutes

hold-up time based on the normal pump out capacity (refer to
6.3.1).
Commentary:

CDS drum could be designed to retain liquid inventory from a

single process unit or from multiple process units with
compatible fluids.

6.2.3.2 CDS Drum shall be designed with a Length over Diameter

(L/D) ratio of 3 or above for small drums and L/D of 2 or
above for large drums. Large drums are defined as vessels
with diameter greater than 2 meters.
Exception:

For Scraper Launchers/Receivers installed in a remote

location, liquid inventory of Scraper Launchers/Receivers
may be considered for Collection Drum sizing.

6.2.3.3 Vapor space (“B-D”) for the associated vapor release shall be
determined by the flashing of the drained liquid based on
maximum vapor rate among all drained liquids. CDS Drum
connected to flare system shall have sufficient vapor space
above HHL to gain a dropout velocity for removal of liquid
carryover particles larger than 1000 microns.
Commentary:

Refer to API 521 for guidance.

6.2.4 A low liquid level (LLL) (“A” in Figure 15) with local manual reset is
provided to trip the pump out pump (CDS Pump) when the liquid has
been pulled down to a low level.

6.2.5 For CDS Drum tied to flare, the design pressure shall not be less than
50 psig (345 kPag). The Drum shall be designed for full vacuum.

6.2.6 The CDS Drum design temperature is set by the upper and lower
extremes of emergency operating temperature, which can result from
any of the streams tied into including auto refrigeration.

6.2.7 CDS Drum materials must be adequate for any highly corrosive
substance and for the temperature limits defined by paragraph 6.2.6
above. If internal coating is required to mitigate corrosion, selection
shall be in accordance with SAES-H-001.

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Document Responsibility: Industrial Drainage Standards Committee SAES-A-401
Issue Date: 1 January 2018
Next Planned Update: 29 October 2018 Closed Drain Systems (CDS)

6.2.8 Potential for icing shall be evaluated. If deicing is required, for above
grade installations of CDS Drum, a steam coil designed for complete
submergence shall be provided in the CDS Drum. The coil shall be
sloped to insure condensate drainage and must be equipped with a
properly sized steam trap as follows:

6.2.8.1 A 2 inch (50 mm) steam trap bypass with restriction orifice
direct to condensate return system or to the CDS drum.
This is required in all cases where temperatures below 32°F
(0°C) may occur in the CDS Drum.

Alternative heating medium instead of steam may be used in

above grade installations.

6.2.8.2 For deicing in below grade installations of CDS Drum, hot oil
or electrical heaters may be provided.

6.2.8.3 If heating coil is required then design shall:

6.2.8.3.1 Provide flow measurement to measure inlet flow

to the coil.

6.2.8.3.2 Ensure operator is alarmed to check heating

medium flow in case of coil leak, e.g., abnormal
flow or uncontrolled high level between HLL and
HHL in CDS drum.

6.2.8.3.3 Provide temperature indication and alarm in the

vessel, to alert operator of abnormal temperature
rise of the fluids in case of coil leak.

6.2.8.3.4 Automated or manual system to be provided to

close heating medium flow, if flow is rising above
HLL before reaching HHL.

6.2.9 The CDS Drum may be provided with a properly sized draw off boot
to collect water. The boot may be provided with a separate steam coil
or other heating medium. The collected water shall be sent to
appropriate wastewater treatment facility.

6.2.10 If a vertical CDS Drum is used, a tangential inlet nozzle shall be

provided (see Figure 14).

6.2.11 CDS drum may be installed below grade for collection of flammable or
toxic drains for new projects that will be initiated after this Standard
issue date. Confined space risks shall be eliminated or mitigated to as

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Document Responsibility: Industrial Drainage Standards Committee SAES-A-401
Issue Date: 1 January 2018
Next Planned Update: 29 October 2018 Closed Drain Systems (CDS)

low as reasonably practical level. See Figure 17 for pictures of below

grade vessels in operation at typical refineries.

6.3 CDS Pump

Collected hydrocarbon liquids from the CDS Drum shall be pumped to a slop
tank or recycled to the process as envisaged below:

6.3.1 Pump sizing (pump out capacity) shall be based on total residual
volume to be pumped out in eight (8) hours (called as normal pump out
capacity). The total residual volume is taken at the sum of volume
contents below low low liquid level (LLLL) in each process vessel that
can be drained into the CDS System.

6.3.2 The pump shall be operated in auto mode based on drum level.

6.3.3 The pump operating status and drum LLL, HLL and high-high level
(HHL) (“C” in Figure 15) shall be alarmed and displayed in the control
room besides local indication.

6.3.4 Permanent suction strainers with differential pressure indication across

the strainer shall be provided for all CDS Pumps.

6.3.5 Pump Sparing and Control

6.3.5.1 Depending upon the design and required operating flexibility,

the pumps shall be spared such as two-one hundred percent
(2-100%) or three-fifty percent (3-50%) capacity.

6.3.5.2 If process dictates that during emergency the equipment

requires mandatory draining, one pump shall be operable on
emergency power supply or other sources like steam, diesel,
etc.

6.3.5.3 Level instrumentation shall be installed in the CDS Drum to

control the operation of the pump between HLL and LLL.
In addition to the normal operating pump (which starts at
normal liquid level), the spare pump shall start at HLL (“C” in
Figure 15). All operating pumps shall stop at LLL (“A” in
Figure 15).

6.4 CDS Pump Cooler

6.4.1 A cooler shall be provided in the discharge line from the CDS Drum
pump if process dictates that downstream facilities cannot accept high
temperature liquids

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Document Responsibility: Industrial Drainage Standards Committee SAES-A-401
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Next Planned Update: 29 October 2018 Closed Drain Systems (CDS)

6.4.2 The cooler size shall be based on the maximum pump flow rate to meet
the above requirements.

6.5 Closed Drain Header

The design of Closed Drain Header (CDS Header) shall be as follows:

6.5.1 High pour point materials shall not be drained directly to CDS Header.
Such materials shall be drained according to SAES-A-400 (Section 5.10).

6.5.2 All pressurized hydrocarbon liquid drain points identified under

Section 6 of SAES-A-400, except as provided under 6.5.5.6 of this
standard, that can be isolated without affecting the operation of rest of
the process facility shall be hard piped and connected to CDS Header.
Illustrative Closed Drain Connections are shown in Figures 2, 3, 4, etc.

6.5.3 For connection sizes to equipment (process vessels and exchangers),

refer to SAES-D-001 and for piping sizes refer to Standard Drawing
AC-036045. Each connection includes two accessible block valves, a
spectacle blind and a bleeding valve. The first valve shall be minimum
distance from equipment or piping. The second valve shall be located
close to the CDS Header or lateral (see Detail 1 of Figures 3 and 4).
In order to avoid reverse flow, check valves shall be provided in all sub-
laterals and at main CDS Header as shown in Figures 3 and 4.
Where there is possibility of reverse flow during simultaneous drainage
from more than one vessel, appropriate protection (as determined during
a risk review) shall be provided. Connections into the CDS Header are
made to the top of the header.

6.5.4 The CDS Header size will be minimum of 4 inches or larger depending on
flow requirements and the designer shall evaluate hydraulic analysis for
each case. The individual vessel drain lines shall connect to the top of the
CDS Header line or sub-laterals and the CDS Header and where possible,
the CDS header shall be sloped toward the CDS drum from the highest
point closest to the vessel.

6.5.5 The design pressure of CDS Header and sub-laterals shall be consistent
with the design pressure of CDS Drum. However, the design pressure of
the equipment drain piping connected to sub-laterals or CDS Header shall
be consistent with the design pressure of the equipment being drained.

6.5.5.1 For equipment and piping drains with pressure ratings higher
than CDS Drum design pressure, provide a dedicated CDS
Header rated for the high-pressure service.
or

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Document Responsibility: Industrial Drainage Standards Committee SAES-A-401
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Next Planned Update: 29 October 2018 Closed Drain Systems (CDS)

6.5.5.2 All valves on main CDS Header shall be Car Seal Open (CSO)
and gate valves shall be installed with valve stems oriented
either 45° below horizontal plane or horizontal (see attached
Figures). Access to all valves shall be in accordance with
SAES-B-054.

6.5.5.3 Gate valve with a blind flange or plug shall be provided for
vent and drain connections upstream of the lateral isolation
valve for purging/draining of CDS lateral prior to the unit
startup and shutdown.

6.5.5.4 CDS Header shall be designed for the extremes of high and
low temperatures and corrosive conditions that can arise from
the discharge of process streams.

6.5.5.5 The flashing and auto-refrigeration of light ends liquid may

additionally require special piping materials and a dedicated
CDS. Refer to SAES-B-057 for auto refrigeration and
SAES-L-132, and SAES-L-136 for material selection for the
CDS Header.

6.5.5.6 Provide 1-inch (25 mm) stubs with valve and a plug at
appropriate points as required into the top of the CDS Header
or sub-laterals. Temporary drain connections, as allowed by
SAES-L-310, may be used for instruments and control valves
where permanent connections would not be justified because of
infrequent usage or small inventory. The stubs shall be
accessible within 100 ft (30 m) of such equipment.
Commentary:

Safe drainage with temporary hoses should be addressed

under facility's Operation Instruction Manual.

6.5.5.7 Provide a permanent purge connection at the far end of the

main CDS Header to flush CDS Header as required.

6.7 Disposal of Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Aqueous Effluents

6.7.1 Aqueous Draw Offs from Hydrocarbon Vessels

Water in contact with hydrocarbon (e.g., process water from distillate

drums, spent wash water or spent caustic solution from settlers, refinery
or terminal slop oil tanks, etc.) that is withdrawn continuously or
intermittently from vessels shall be disposed as follows (see Figures 5
and 12):

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Document Responsibility: Industrial Drainage Standards Committee SAES-A-401
Issue Date: 1 January 2018
Next Planned Update: 29 October 2018 Closed Drain Systems (CDS)

6.7.1.1 Water in contact with light-ends hydrocarbons or toxics

shall discharge to Water Disengaging Drum (WD Drum) prior
to subsequent treatment methods such as sour water stripper or
disposal by injection to an oil-bearing formation. Spent caustic
shall be routed to a dedicated disengaging drum prior to an
offsite facility (see Figure 6).

6.7.1.2 Water in contact with hydrocarbons heavier than light-

ends at temperatures above their flash points, with their
TVP greater than 15 psia (103 kPa abs) at 130°F (54°C), shall
discharge as under 6.7.1.1 above.

6.7.1.3 Water in contact with hydrocarbons heavier than light-

ends at temperatures below their flash points can discharge
to an OWDS catch basin through an open connection in
accordance with SAES-S-020 depending upon the stream
temperature (for exceptions see definition of flammable
liquids).

If the draw off is sour water or spent caustic, it shall be

discharged as in 6.7.1.1 above.

6.7.1.4 Water in contact with hydrocarbon liquids heavier than

light ends at elevated temperatures such that their TVP is
15 psia (103 kPa abs) or higher, must be considered as light
ends. Aqueous draw offs from vessels containing such
materials (e.g., crude desalters) shall be discharged in
accordance with paragraph 6.7.1.1 above.

6.7.2 Aqueous Effluents from Heat Exchangers

Cooling water or steam condensate contaminated with hydrocarbons

resulting from tube leaks in heat exchangers shall be safely disposed as
follows (see Figure 7 for connections):

6.7.2.1 Special disengaging facilities are required for the following:

6.7.2.1.1 In cooling water service where coolers and

condensers in light ends service where the
hydrocarbon inlet pressure is greater than the
cooling water outlet pressure under normal
operating conditions (see Figures 8, 9 and 10).

6.7.2.1.2 In condensate system generated from steam heaters

and steam reboilers where the hydrocarbon inlet

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Document Responsibility: Industrial Drainage Standards Committee SAES-A-401
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Next Planned Update: 29 October 2018 Closed Drain Systems (CDS)

pressure is greater than the condensate outlet

pressure under normal operating conditions, and
where the hydrocarbon at steam condensate
temperature has a TVP of 15 psia (103 kPa abs) or
greater (see Figure 11).

6.7.2.2 The special disengaging facilities consist of one of the

following:

6.7.2.2.1 A WD Drum (See Figures 5 and 12).

6.7.2.2.2 In cooling water systems as shown in Figures 8, 9

and 10.

6.7.2.2.3 A steam condensate disengaging drum (see Figure 11).

6.8 Disengaging Systems for Utility Systems

6.8.1 Disengaging drums shall be provided to remove hydrocarbon liquid and

vapor contaminants from subject streams so that they can be safely
discharged. Criteria for providing disengaging drums are defined under
Section 6.7 of this standard.

6.8.2 Disengaging Drums shall be provided as follows:

Aqueous plant (utility) streams such as cooling water, steam condensate,

sour water, or spent caustic soda solution shall require installation of a
WD Drum. The drums shall be provided in the following cases:

6.8.2.1 Cooling water systems shall be provided in accordance with

Figure 8 for once-through open system, and Figure 9 for closed
recirculating system, and Figure 10 for open cooling water
system, which does not require a WD Drum.

6.8.2.2 Steam condensate from heat exchangers shall be recovered and

returned to condensate recovery system in accordance with
Figure 11.

6.8.2.3 Sour water shall be contained as in Figure 5 and routed to sour

water stripping facilities or disposed by injection in oil-bearing
formations.

6.8.2.4 Hydrocarbon contaminated spent caustic shall be routed to a

dedicated disengaging drum prior to offsite disposal Figure 6.

6.9 Flammable Liquid Tank-Dewatering

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Document Responsibility: Industrial Drainage Standards Committee SAES-A-401
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Next Planned Update: 29 October 2018 Closed Drain Systems (CDS)

No flammable liquid hydrocarbons shall be drained to an OWDS. To prevent

drainage of flammable hydrocarbons during tank dewatering to an OWDS, a
drain system configuration with installation of a hard piped connection to a
dedicated slop tank shall be used (see Figure 16).

6.9.1 The settled dewatering effluent from the flammable or toxic product
storage tank shall be hard piped to slop tank either by gravity flow or via
an inline pump. The transfer of this flammable hydrocarbon
contaminated water shall not be exposed to oxygen or air. This method
of disposal is considered as a closed drain system. The pump design
shall be in accordance with SAES-G-005.

6.9.2 An above ground pump shall transfer non-toxic oily water from the slop
tank directly to an oily water treatment system bypassing the OWDS.
Toxic or sour oily water from the slop tank shall be transferred to sour
water stripper or to safe disposal into an oil-bearing formation bypassing
the OWDS.

6.9.3 Measurement of hydrocarbon-water interface in the dewatering tank

supplemented by timer shall be provided to positively shut-off pump and
dewatering operation. The details of this system shall meet the
quantified risk as determined by HAZOP and SIL analysis for reliability.

6.9.4 The tank-dewatering draw off pipe shall be designed to prevent

vortexing at the inlet to the draw off pipe.

6.9.5 Only similar product storage tanks may be manifolded for a common
pump service. If multiple storage tanks are manifolded to one set of
dewatering pumps, the design shall assure that only one tank is
dewatered at a time.

6.10 Closed Drain Systems in Existing Facilities

6.10.1 Facilities with CDS Header

6.10.1.1 All pressurized hydrocarbon liquid drain points identified

under Section 6 of SAES-A-400 shall be hardpiped to CDS
Header. Temporary drain connections, as allowed by
SAES-L-310, may be used for instruments and control valves
where permanent connections would not be justified because of
infrequent usage or small inventory. The stubs shall be
accessible within 100 ft (30 m) of such equipment.
Commentary:

Any additional load to the existing system shall follow the

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Document Responsibility: Industrial Drainage Standards Committee SAES-A-401
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Next Planned Update: 29 October 2018 Closed Drain Systems (CDS)

guidelines of the Management of Change to ensure system

integrity. (Refer to Saudi Aramco SMS Manual Element 5).

6.10.1.2 The design of all connected drains to existing CDS Header

shall ensure that all liquids can be drained or pumped properly
during normal or emergency situations. If so, any drum not
open to atmosphere (e.g., blowdown drum) may be considered
as a CDS Drum.

6.10.1.3 CDS Header that disposes collected hydrocarbons directly to

either burn pits or open ponds shall have provision for
hydrocarbons recovery through the installation of a CDS Drum
in accordance with 6.2. For GOSPs, the above-grade CDS
Drum shall additionally have a properly sized boot for
collecting sludge and shall have at least one slurry pump to
transfer the collected sludge for disposal.
Commentary:

Hydrocarbon release during normal operation to burn pits or open

ponds is prohibited by Environmental Protection Department.

6.10.1.4 All hydrocarbon liquid drain connections to an OWDS shall

either be fitted with a spectacle blind in closed position or
plugged.

6.10.2 Facilities without Closed Drain System (CDS)

6.10.2.1 Install a CDS Drum and a CDS Header. The CDS Drum sizing
shall be in accordance with paragraph 6.2.3. In such
configuration, the hydraulic design and layout shall assure
minimal static head restrictions between the CDS Header and
CDS Drum. Multiple CDS Drums may be required for the
hydrocarbon processing facility.

6.10.2.2 All hydrocarbon liquid drain points identified under Section 6

of SAES-A-400 shall be hard pipe connections to CDS Header.
Temporary drain connections, as allowed by SAES-L-310, may
be used for instruments and control valves where permanent
connections would not be justified because of infrequent usage
or small inventory. The stubs shall be accessible within 100 ft
(30 m) of such equipment.

6.10.2.3 All hydrocarbon liquid drain connections to an OWDS shall

either be fitted with a spectacle blind in closed position or
plugged.

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Document Responsibility: Industrial Drainage Standards Committee SAES-A-401
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6.11 Terminals and Tank Farms

6.11.1 Dewatering of Non-Toxic Flammable Product Storage Tanks

Dewatering effluent from specification-grade flammable product tanks

shall be in accordance with the requirements of Section 6.9 of this
standard.

6.11.2 Dewatering of Toxic Flammable Product Storage Tanks

Drainage of dewatering effluent from toxic flammable product storage

tanks shall be in accordance with the requirements of Section 6.9 of this
standard. If the drained sour water cannot be safely disposed to an oil-
bearing formation, facilities for adequate sour water storage and
pumping capacity shall be provided to safely transfer sour water to a sour
water stripper facility by a dedicated pipeline. Sour water shall not be
drained to an OWDS.

6.11.3 Miscellaneous Drains

Any flammable hydrocarbons released from hydrocarbon product pump

drains or during sampling shall be drained via hard piped connection to a
collection vessel designed in accordance with SAES-D-116.

These hydrocarbons shall not be drained to an OWDS.

7 Figures
Figure 1 – Illustrative Closed Drain System
Figure 2 – Illustrative Level Bridle/Level Gage Connections
Figure 3 – Illustrative Utility and CDS Connections to Process Equipment
Figure 4 – Illustrative Header Draining Connections
Figure 5 – Illustrative Disposal of Hydrocarbon Contaminated Aqueous Effluents
Figure 6 – Illustrative Disengaging Drum for Spent Caustic
Figure 7 – Illustrative Equipment Connections and Disposal
Figure 8 – Illustrative Once-Through Direct-Cooling Water System
Figure 9 – Illustrative Closed Cooling Water System (Recirculated System)
Figure 10 – Illustrative Open Cooling Water System
Figure 11 – Illustrative Hydrocarbon Contaminated Steam Condensate System
Figure 12 – Illustrative Water Disengaging Drum

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Document Responsibility: Industrial Drainage Standards Committee SAES-A-401
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Next Planned Update: 29 October 2018 Closed Drain Systems (CDS)

Figure 13 – Illustrative Closed Drain Drum Arrangement

Figure 14 – Illustrative Vertical Closed Drain Drum Arrangement
Figure 15 – Illustrative Horizontal Closed Drain Drum Sizing
Figure 16 – Illustrative Hardpiped Flammable Tank Dewatering System to Slop Tank

Notes:
1. All figures are illustrative examples of concept and should not be treated as final
engineered design. Detail requirements shall be developed during design phases.
2. For instrumentation symbols and identification, refer to SAES-J-004 and ISA 5.1 - 1984
(R1992) and Standard Drawing 990-J-AC-036950-001.
3. For local instrument symbols, see Standard Drawing 990-J-AB-036492-001,
990-J-AB-036492-002.
4. For panel instrument symbols, see Standard Drawing 990-J-AB-036493-002.
5. For in-line instrument symbols, see Standard Drawing 990-J-AD-036491-001.

Revision Summary
29 October 2015 Major revision to address the recommendation of BOE subcommittee in light of the recent
decision to eliminate below grade vessels design. It was also recommended to change the
sizing criteria of the CDS drum.
1 January 2018 Editorial revision to modify paragraphs 6.2.3.2, 6.7.1.1, and 6.8.2.3.

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Document Responsibility: Industrial Drainage Standards Committee SAES-A-401
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Next Planned Update: 29 October 2018 Closed Drain Systems (CDS)

Figure 1 – Illustrative Closed Drain System

Notes:
1. Provide a permanent purge connection at the far end of the main CDS Header to flush CDS
Header as required.
2. Vent to flare shall be sized to handle the total amount of nitrogen in the case the self-
regulated pressure control valve should fail in open position.

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Document Responsibility: Industrial Drainage Standards Committee SAES-A-401
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Next Planned Update: 29 October 2018 Closed Drain Systems (CDS)

Note 2

Figure 2 – Illustrative Level Bridle/Level Gage Connections

Notes:
1. CDS may be water-disengaging facilities if the fluid is process water.
2. Valve shall be installed at the lowest point before the sub-lateral line joins the main
header.

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Document Responsibility: Industrial Drainage Standards Committee SAES-A-401
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Figure 3 – Illustrative Utility and CDS Connections to Process Equipment

Note:
1. Connection to CDS Header or sub lateral shall be as shown in Figure 2.

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Document Responsibility: Industrial Drainage Standards Committee SAES-A-401
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Next Planned Update: 29 October 2018 Closed Drain Systems (CDS)

Figure 4 – Illustrative Header Draining Connections

Notes:
1. Use this connection to drain/flush header under pressure if vessel is down and drained.
2. If vessel is not to be drained, provide similar connection to CDS as shown in Figure 3.
3. Confirm piping class and flange rating.

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Document Responsibility: Industrial Drainage Standards Committee SAES-A-401
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Figure 5 – Illustrative Disposal of Hydrocarbon Contaminated Aqueous Effluents

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Figure 6 – Illustrative Disengaging Drum for Spent Caustic

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Document Responsibility: Industrial Drainage Standards Committee SAES-A-401
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Figure 7 – Illustrative Equipment Connections and Disposal

Notes:
1. For hydrocarbon compressors utility connection will be N2.
2. Compressors will also have vent connections to the flare.

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Document Responsibility: Industrial Drainage Standards Committee SAES-A-401
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Figure 8 – Illustrative Once-Through Direct-Cooling Water System

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Figure 9 – Illustrative Closed Cooling Water System (Recirculated System)

Note:
1. Typical connections to CDS and OWDS as shown in Figure 3.

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Document Responsibility: Industrial Drainage Standards Committee SAES-A-401
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Figure 10 – Illustrative Open Cooling Water System

Note:
1. Install H2S/LEL sensors inside tower (if required).

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Document Responsibility: Industrial Drainage Standards Committee SAES-A-401
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Figure 11 – Illustrative Hydrocarbon Contaminated Steam Condensate System

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Figure 12 – Illustrative Water Disengaging Drum

Notes:
1. 90°-elbow inlet nozzle is recommended.
2. Maximum distance between High Liquid Level (HLL) to bottom of nozzle is 6 inches
(150 mm).

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Document Responsibility: Industrial Drainage Standards Committee SAES-A-401
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Figure 13 – Illustrative Closed Drain Drum Arrangement

Notes:
1. Spare pump to run on steam, diesel or emergency power supply during power failure.
2. All piping and instrumentation requirements shall be in accordance with SAES-A-020
Dwg. M88-DA-950167-019.

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Figure 14 – Illustrative Vertical Closed Drain Drum Arrangement

Notes:
1. Spare pump to run on steam, diesel or emergency power supply during power failure.
2. All piping and instrumentation requirements shall be in accordance with SAES-A-020
Dwg. M88-DA-950167-020.
3. For level and alarm designation and sizing, follow the Legend in Figure 15.

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Figure 15 – Illustrative Horizontal Closed Drain Drum Sizing

Notes:
1. 90°-elbow inlet nozzle is recommended.
2. Maximum distance between Maximum Liquid Level (HLL) to bottom of nozzle is 6 inches
(150 mm).
3. For Vertical Closed Drain Drum of Figure 14, the above Legend shall apply.

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Figure 16 – Illustrative Hard piped Flammable Liquid

Tanks Dewatering System to Slop Tank

Note:
1. Where there is risk of pyrophoric iron formation in the slop tank, nitrogen blanketing shall be
provided as part of the system to automatically provide a blanket and keep oxygen out of
the collection vessel.

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Figure 17 - Typical Below Grade Drum Installations

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