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Chapter 10: Trigonometry and Geometry II

Upon completion of this section, students should understand four circle theorems: 1) The angle subtended by an arc at the center is twice the angle at any point on the circumference. 2) Angles in the same segment of a circle subtended by the same arc are equal. 3) The angle subtended by a diameter is a right angle. 4) The opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral are supplementary. The section provides examples and explanations of each theorem. It also covers angle properties involving transversals, triangles, tangents, and chords. Worked examination questions are included to demonstrate applications of the circle theorems and angle concepts.

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Anthony Benson
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195 views

Chapter 10: Trigonometry and Geometry II

Upon completion of this section, students should understand four circle theorems: 1) The angle subtended by an arc at the center is twice the angle at any point on the circumference. 2) Angles in the same segment of a circle subtended by the same arc are equal. 3) The angle subtended by a diameter is a right angle. 4) The opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral are supplementary. The section provides examples and explanations of each theorem. It also covers angle properties involving transversals, triangles, tangents, and chords. Worked examination questions are included to demonstrate applications of the circle theorems and angle concepts.

Uploaded by

Anthony Benson
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CSEC Mathematics General Proficiency Trigonometry and Geometry II

Chapter 10: Trigonometry and Geometry II

Upon completion of this section, students should would understand the concept of algebra and be able to:

Revision notes  Paper 2 Section II Page | 249


CSEC Mathematics General Proficiency Trigonometry and Geometry II

10.2: CIRCLE THEOREMS

There are four theorems on angles in circles that you should know. First you need to learn some words.

• The straight-line AB is a chord.

• The curved line AB (in bold) is an arc.

• The chord AB divides the circle into two segments - the major segment (shaded) and the minor
segment (unshaded).

• ACB is the angle subtended by AB at C.

• ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral

10.2.1: Angles overview

Angle properties of transversal diagram

 Vertically opposite angles are equal.

 Alternate angles are equal.

 Corresponding angles are equal.

 Interior adjacent angles sum up to 180º

 Exterior adjacent angles sum up to 180º

 The sum of angles on a straight line, at a point, equals to 180º.

Angle properties of a triangle

 The sum of angles in a triangle equals to 180º.

 Two angles in an isosceles triangle are equal.

 Each angle in equilateral triangle is equal to 60º.

Revision notes  Paper 2 Section II Page | 250


CSEC Mathematics General Proficiency Trigonometry and Geometry II

Examples

1. Given that ABO = 50º, find angle

Given that angle ABO = 50º, find angle

(a) BAO

(b) BOA

10.2.2: Circle Theorems

Theorem # 1:

Revision notes  Paper 2 Section II Page | 251


CSEC Mathematics General Proficiency Trigonometry and Geometry II

The angle which an arc of a circle subtends at


the centre of a circle is twice the angle it
subtends at any point on the remaining part of
the circumference.

Examples

1. In the diagrams below, the point O is the centre of the circle. Find the angles marked with letters
in each case.

(a)

(b)

Revision notes  Paper 2 Section II Page | 252


CSEC Mathematics General Proficiency Trigonometry and Geometry II

(c)

2. Given that ABO = 50º, find angle

Given that angle ABO = 50º, find angle

(a) BAO

(b) BOA

Theorem # 2:

Angles at the circumference in the same


segment of a circle and subtended by the same
arc/chord are equal.

Revision notes  Paper 2 Section II Page | 253


CSEC Mathematics General Proficiency Trigonometry and Geometry II

Examples

Theorem # 3:

The angle at the circumference subtended


by the diameter is a right angle.

Examples

1. In the diagrams below, the point O is the centre of the circle. Find the angles marked with letters
in each case.

(a)

Revision notes  Paper 2 Section II Page | 254


CSEC Mathematics General Proficiency Trigonometry and Geometry II

(b)

(c)

Theorem # 4:

The opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral


are supplementary.

The opposite
interior angles
add up to 180º:

= 180º

= 180º

Revision notes  Paper 2 Section II Page | 255


CSEC Mathematics General Proficiency Trigonometry and Geometry II

4. w = x

z =y

x + y = 90º

5. The angle between the tangent and the radius of


the circle is 90º :

x = 90º

6. Two tangents to a circle from a common point are


equal:

AT = BT

7. The angle between the tangent and a chord at the


point of contact is equal to the angle in the alternate
segment:

y =w

z =x

Revision notes  Paper 2 Section II Page | 256


CSEC Mathematics General Proficiency Trigonometry and Geometry II

8. w = x

z =y

= 90º

Theorem # 4:

The opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral


are supplementary.

The opposite
interior angles
add up to 180º:

= 180º

= 180º

Revision notes  Paper 2 Section II Page | 257


CSEC Mathematics General Proficiency Trigonometry and Geometry II

10. The exterior angle is equal to the interior


opposite angle:

A = y

B = z

C = w

D =x

Worked Examination Questions

Revision notes  Paper 2 Section II Page | 258


CSEC Mathematics General Proficiency Trigonometry and Geometry II

Revision notes  Paper 2 Section II Page | 259


CSEC Mathematics General Proficiency Trigonometry and Geometry II

Revision notes  Paper 2 Section II Page | 260

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