UNIVERSITY OF EAST LONDON

ASSIGNMENT - 01
STRUCTURAL DESIGN & ANALYSIS
PROJECT

NAME : PIYAWANSHA P.D.G.C.

UEL SUDENT NO. : 2023434
COURSE : B.Eng. (HONS) CIVIL ENGINEERING WITH
STRUCTURAL DESIGN
MODULE : STRUCTURAL DESIGN & ANALYSIS (EG 6101)
LECTURER NAME : Eng. HAFEEL AHAMED
YEAR : CET-04
DATE : 01/07/2020

1
ABSTRCT

The purpose of this Design Project was to analyze and design a structural system for a
proposed (G+4) Residential & commercial building in Raja Mawatha, Maliban Junction,
Ratmalana. The design process included an architectural layout, 3D & Structural modelling,
structural framing options using both steel and concrete, and manual calculations. The work
was completed in using EC2.

i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First, I would like to mention that this program was a striking open door for me to make the
initial move towards my future career as a Civil Engineer. I was so fortunate enough to take
an interest in the program of the University of East London which gave me the capacity to
increase an extraordinary involvement with the field of Civil Engineering.

It was a privilege to be under the guidance of Eng. Hafeel Ahamed, Lecturer of Civil
Engineering. I express our sincere thanks for his support and guidance for doing the project.

At last but not the least, I would like to offer my heartiest gratitude to my parents, family
members and friends who always stayed by my side at all my ups and downs encouraging
me to complete my internship successfully.

ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRCT .............................................................................................................................. i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ....................................................................................................ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................................... iii
LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................. iv
LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................... iv
INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 1
1.1. PROJECT TITLE ................................................................................................... 1
1.2. SITE LOCATION ................................................................................................. 1
2. CLIENT BRIEF ............................................................................................................. 3
3. ARCHITECHTURAL DRAWINGS ............................................................................. 6
4. DESIGN DATA ........................................................................................................... 10
5. STRUCTURAL ALTERNATIVES ............................................................................ 11
5.1. Alternative advantages and disadvantages ........................................................... 12
6. INITIAL DESIGN ....................................................................................................... 12
7. GENERAL ARRANGEMENT DRAWING ............................................................... 15
8. 3D MODELLING ........................................................................................................ 16
9. STRUCTURAL DESIGNS............................................................................................ 16
9.1. DESIGN OF SLAB (BCHG) .................................................................................. 16
9.2. LOADS OF BEAM .................................................................................................. 25
9.3. DESIGN OF BEAM ............................................................................................... 28
9.4. LOADS ON COLUMN .......................................................................................... 35
9.5. DESIGN OF COLUMN.......................................................................................... 36

iii
LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1-1: Site Location .................................................................................................... 2

Figure 3-1: Architectural ground floor plan .......................................................................... 6
Figure 3-2: Architectural first floor plan ............................................................................... 6
Figure 3-3: Architectural second floor plan .......................................................................... 7
Figure 3-4: Architectural third floor plan.............................................................................. 7
Figure 3-5: Architectural roof floor plan .............................................................................. 8
Figure 3-6: Front elevation.................................................................................................... 8
Figure 3-7: Rear elevation..................................................................................................... 9
Figure 3-8: Section A-A ........................................................................................................ 9
Figure 3-9: Schedule of openings ....................................................................................... 10
Figure 7-1: General arrangement G+2 to G + 5 ................................................................. 15
Figure 8-1: 3d MODEL1 ..................................................................................................... 16

LIST OF TABLES

Table 6-1: Effective depth of slab ....................................................................................... 12

Table 6-2: Effective depth of beams ................................................................................... 13

iv
INTRODUCTION

In modern time people need more than a residential building to live while construct it.
Because of they have considering extra money earning ways rather than their job of
business. Because of the when they construct a shelter for them, also considered about how
can I earn from this building. Also, construction of a building is a very costly work in
nowadays. So, people think best way to construct their house as an investment. So, this
proposed building will be construct as a residential and commercial building. Engineers
work is to manage the building which suitable for living environment and also fulfill the
commercial work.

1.1. PROJECT TITLE

Design of 5 story Residential and commercial building for Mr. T.N Pandigama at Raja
Mawatha, Maliban Junction, Ratmalana.

1.2. SITE LOCATION

1
Figure 0-1: Site Location

2
2. CLIENT BRIEF

T.N PANDIGAMA
RAJA MAWATHA,
MALIBAN JUNCTION
RATMALANA
[email protected]

I am looking forward to construction of building near

location of Ratmalana area. A Land of 10 perches has been
bought by me. I want a build a 4 or 5 story building which
suits for home living and business purposes. I want the
building to be designed and space of 4,5 perches need to
garden and parking purposes.

Sort of Building I want

Like I mentioned before it has to be a 4 or 5 story building

combined with a home and office for upper floors and
Ground and first floors have included possible number of
shops which each one has more than area of 20 meter
squared. There has to be a roof floor with a pool and garden.

Building to feel in the environment

I want the building to fit in with the surrounding. The Ground

and first floors have with a lot of glass which suits attractive
shops. Upper floors have to be more private and understated
of surrounding environment.

3
Room Requirements

• Ground floor and first floor need to contain possible number

of Shops which each one’s area need to exceed more than 15
meter squared. They need to have water closet individually
for each and another one water closet need to be located in
ground floor with external access.
• Upper two floors individually need a bedroom, pantry, living
& dining, management office, water closet and two toilets
which one of them attached to management office.
• Roof floor is needed with garden, 900mm deep pool, space
for pool deck and equipment, changing and shower room and
pantry.

Preferred architectural design

• Combination of modern and formal architecture is preferred

for building and roof
• garden need to have greenish looked and pool should be tiled

Relationships between spaces

• Pantry need open to the dining and living

• Need ease access to water closet and toilet from pantry,
living & dining and bedroom.
• Need to have a balcony with safety aluminum frame
• Need 900 depth pool dimensions more than 3m width and
5m length
• Need garden dimensions more than 5m width and 6m length

4
Activities to take place in the building

• Home living
• A management office needs a bigger space
• Garden and pool need to get more space in that particular
floor

Priorities for the bedrooms

Must have master bedroom and it has to be located which allows

ease of access to whole floor areas

Priorities for the living area

Living area should be large area which allows children play

area, TV focused and should connected to outdoor.

Exterior Environment

External environment needs to contain garage which can park

2 cars and green garden

Special design considerations

Roof should have ability to install solar panels for energy use
of the building

Special design or accessory features

Modern styled roof has to be installed and pool area must

have opened from roof covering

5
3. ARCHITECHTURAL DRAWINGS

Figure 3-1: Architectural ground floor plan

Figure 3-2: Architectural first floor plan

6
Figure 3-3: Architectural second floor plan

Figure 3-4: Architectural third floor plan

7
Figure 3-5: Architectural roof floor plan

Figure 3-6: Front elevation

8
Figure 3-7: Rear elevation

Figure 3-8: Section A-A

9
 Figure 3-9: Schedule of openings

4. DESIGN DATA

Maximum design ultimate load (1.35Gk + 1.5Qk) is considered for whole structure.
1 Material Properties
Unit Weight of concrete - 24kN/m3
Characteristic Strength of Concrete (fcu) - 30 N/mm2
Yield strength of High Yield Steel - 460 N/mm2
Yield strength of Mild Steel - 250 N/mm2

2 Durability Requirements
a). Exposure Condition: -
Internal - Mild
External - Moderate
b). Fire rating - 1.5hr.
Clear cover below ground floor - 40mm
Clear cover above ground floor - 25mm

3 Loads
Basic Wind speed (Zone -3) - 33.5 ms-1
Dead Loads
225mm brick wall - 5.0 kN/m2
Floor finishes - 1.0 kN/m2

10
 Filling (Toilet areas) - 3.6 kN/m2
Ceiling & services - 0.5 kN/m2

Imposed Loads
Office - 2.5 kN/m2
Pantry - 3.0 kN/m2
Toilet - 2.0 kN/m2
Staircase & Lobby - 4.0 kN/m2
Lecture Hall - 4.0 kN/m2
Staff Room - 2.5 kN/m2
Balcony / Verandah - 4.0 kN/m2
Assembly Hall - 4.0 kN/m2
Stage - 5.0 kN/m2
AHU Room - 5.0 kN/m2
Machine Room - 7.5 kN/m2
Roof (no access) - 0.6 kN/m2

4 Foundation
Pile Foundation

5 Units
Forces - kN
Moment - kNm
Length -m

5. STRUCTURAL ALTERNATIVES

When talk with the client he is most interest in no see any columns in outside view.
So,
Alternative 1: Columns with dimensions of 450mm × 450mm, was rejected. Because wall
thickness is 225mm.
Alternative 2: Columns with dimensions of 225mm × 450mm, was selected as best
alternative.

11
In client brief the clearly shows what he expected. So, there are not many alternatives.

5.1. Alternative advantages and disadvantages

As a practice, Columns which are not seen from outside view is a good practice. So, when
comparing above two alternatives advantages alternative 2 was selected. Alternative 2 is
satisfying client requirement and it is easy to construct with column sizes.

6. INITIAL DESIGN

Slab

Span / Effective depth ratio= 26

Effective depth = Span / 26
= 3820 / 26
= 147 mm

Table 6-1: Effective depth of slab

From the excel sheet attached,

Maximum effective slab depth = 147 mm
= 147 + 25 + 5
= 177 mm

12
Assumption –
• 10mm diameter main bars are used as main bars
• Covering 25mm
So, assume slab thickness = 200mm

Beam
AB beam is end span of continuous beam,

Span / Effective depth ratio = 18

Effective depth = Span / 18
= 2520 / 18
= 140 mm

Table 6-2: Effective depth of beams

From the excel sheet attached,

Maximum effective beam depth = 228 mm
= 228 + 10 +8 + 30 mm
= 276 mm
= 300 mm

13
Assumption –
• 16mm diameter main bars are used as main bars
• Stirrup used 10mm
• Covering 30mm

So, overall depth of beam = 228 + 10 +8 + 30 mm

= 276 mm
= 300 mm
Beam size = 200mm x 300mm

Column
Assumptions –
• Fire resistance will take as 1.5 hours.
• Lightly loaded
• Square column used

According to the table,

As this is lightly loaded μ ≤ 0.5 and Fire resistance is for 1.5 hours,
Column width = 225mm
Column size used = 225mm x 450mm

14
7. GENERAL ARRANGEMENT DRAWING

Figure 7-1: General arrangement G+2 to G + 5

15
8. 3D MODELLING

Figure 8-1: 3d MODEL1

9. STRUCTURAL DESIGNS

9.1. DESIGN OF SLAB (BCHG)

• When the slab is supported in two-way direction it acts as two way supported slab.
• A two-way slab is economical compared to one-way slab.

Characteristic Strength of Concrete (fcu) - 30 N/mm2

Yield strength of High Yield Steel (fy) - 460 N/mm2

16
 Project: CET-04 Design Project BCAS mount Campus Page of

Element :
Drwng Reference- Date – 28.06.2020 Check Date
Faculty of Civil
by
Engineering Calc by: Piyawansha P.D.G.C

and Structural Comments -

Design

Reference Calculations Output

IStructE Fire resistance is for 1.5 hours, (R90)
Manual
Slab thickness = 100mm
Table 4.2

Self-Weight of slab = 24×0.12 = 2.88 kN/m2

Dead Load (Gx),

n=
Self-unit of slab = 24 x 0.186 x 1 = 4.44 KN/m 11.7kN/m2
Finishes = 1.0 x 1 = 1.0 KN/ m2
Services & Ceiling = 0.5 kN/ m2
Total dead load = 5.94 kN/ m2

Imposed Load (Qx),

Office area = 2.5kN/ m2

n = 1.35 x 5.94 + 1.5 x 2.5 = 11.7kN/ m2

IStructE
Manual Longer span =4.072m
(Table 5.3)
Shorter span = 3.820m
Cover =
25mm
For BCHG slab
Ly/lx = 4072 / 3820
= 1.0 < 2

Hence BCHG slab is two way spanning slab.

Panel ly/lx Bx By Bx By
(edge) (edge) (mid) (mid)

1.0 0.039 0.037 0.029 0.028

d1= 160mm
d2 = 170mm
17
 𝐵𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 𝑛𝛽𝑙𝑥 2
Msx = βsxnlx2
Msy = βsynlx2

BS 8110- Bending moments

1:1997
Table 3.14
Panel ly/lx Mx My Mx My
(edge) (edge) (mid) (mid)
1.0 6.66 6.317 4.95 4.78

Assume cover for mild exposure 25 mm and 1.5-hours

fire resistance Cover = 25mm
fy = 460N/mm2
For two way spanning the check of ratio of span / effective
depth carried out for shorter span.

Span / Effective depth ratio= 26

BS 8110-
1:1997 Effective depth = Span / 26
Cl 3.5.3.7 = 3820 / 26
= 147 mm

18
 From the excel sheet attached,
Maximum effective slab depth = 147 mm

Assumption –
• 10mm diameter main bars are used as main bars
BS EN • Covering 25mm
1992-1-
1:2004 Short span
Table 3.1 So, slab thickness = 147 + 25 + 5 edge
T10@250
= 177 mm mm
So. Assume slab thickness = 200mm (314mm2/m)
The effective depth for bottom layer= 200 – 25 - (10/2)
=170mm
Table
4.1,4.4N Effective depth for top layer=200-25-10-(10/2)
=160mm

Condition - One Short Edge Discontinuous

Slab thickness = 0.2m
lx = 3.820 m

19
 ly = 4.072 m
ly /lx = 1.0 < 2

Design for short span – edge

BS EN
1992-1- mx edge = 6.66 kNm
1:2004
k’ = 0.167
Cl
9.2.1.1(3) 𝑀 6.66 × 106
𝑘= 2 = = 0.00768
𝑏𝑑 𝑓𝑐𝑘 1000 × 1702 × 30
K < 0.167; hence singly reinforced.

𝑘
𝑧 = 𝑑 [0.5 + √0.25 − ]
4.4.4.1 1.134
IStructE
Manual
(Table 0.00768
𝑧 = 170 [0.5 + √0.25 − ]
5.1) 1.134

Z = 168.84mm > 0.95d = 161.5mm

So, take z = 161.5 mm
𝑀 6.66 × 106
𝐴𝑆 = = = 103.04 𝑚𝑚2
0.87𝑓𝑦𝑘 𝑧 0.87 × 460 × 161.5
103.04
= 1.31
78.53
1000
= 763.36
1.31
78.54
× 1000 = 762.13𝑚𝑚
103.04
1000
× 78.53 = 261
300

Hence use T10@300 mm (314 mm2)

Check for Minimum reinforcement requirement

Long span
IStructE edge
Manual As,prov has to be greater than 0.26(fctm/fyk)btd but not less T10@250
Table 4.1 than 0.0013btd mm
(314
𝑓 2.2
Appendix As, min = 0.26 𝑓𝑐𝑡𝑚 𝑏𝑡 𝑑 = 0.26 × 460 × 1000 × 170 = mm2/m)
𝑦𝑘
A.2 2
194.78 𝑚𝑚 ⁄𝑚

20
 2
IStructE 0.0013𝑏𝑡 𝑑 = 0.0013 × 1000 × 170 = 221 𝑚𝑚 ⁄𝑚
Manual
Table 4.2 fctm = 2.2 MPa

Minimum reinforcement provided = 314 mm2/m

As,min > 0.26(fctm/fyk)btd
As,min > 0.0013btd ; Hence OK
Hence ok.

Maximum Spacing
Smax,slab = 2h ≤ 250 mm
2h = 200 x 2 = 400 mm > 250 mm
So, allowable maximum spacing = 250 mm
Thus, use T10@250 mm

Design for Long span – edge

My edge = 6.317 kNm
k’ = 0.167
𝑀 6.317 × 106
𝑘= 2 = = 0.008225
𝑏𝑑 𝑓𝑐𝑘 1000 × 1602 × 30
K < 0.167; hence singly reinforced.
𝑘
𝑧 = 𝑑 [0.5 + √0.25 − ]
1.134

0.008225
𝑧 = 160 [0.5 + √0.25 − ]
1.134

Z = 158.83 mm > (0.95) (160) = 152 mm

So, take z = 152 mm
𝑀 6.317 × 106
𝐴𝑆 = = = 103.85 𝑚𝑚2
0.87𝑓𝑦𝑘 𝑧 0.87 × 460 × 152
Hence use T10@300 mm (314 mm2)
1000 × 78.53
𝐴𝑠𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑 = = 261.76𝑚𝑚2
300 Short span
Check for Minimum reinforcement requirement mid
T10@250
mm
As,prov has to be greater than 0.26(fctm/fyk)btd but not less (314mm2/m)
than 0.0013btd

21
 𝑓𝑐𝑡𝑚 2.2
0.26 𝑏𝑡 𝑑 = 0.26 × × 1000 × 160
𝑓𝑦𝑘 460
2
= 198.95 𝑚𝑚 ⁄𝑚
2
0.0013𝑏𝑡 𝑑 = 0.0013 × 1000 × 160 = 208 𝑚𝑚 ⁄𝑚
fctm= 2.2 MPa
Minimum reinforcement provided = 314 mm2/m
Hence ok.

Maximum Spacing
Smax,slab = 2h ≤ 250 mm
2h = 200 x 2 = 400 mm > 250 mm
So, allowable maximum spacing = 250 mm
Design for Short span – mid
Mx mid = 4.95 kNm
k’ = 0.167
𝑀 4.95 × 106
𝑘= = = 0.005709
𝑏𝑑2 𝑓𝑐𝑘 1000 × 1702 × 30
K < 0.167; hence singly reinforced.

𝑘
𝑧 = 𝑑 [0.5 + √0.25 − ]
1.134

BS 8110-
1:1997 0.005709
𝑧 = 170 [0.5 + √0.25 − ]
1.134

Z = 169.13 mm > (0.95) (170) = 161.5 mm

So, take z = 161.5 mm
𝑀 4.95 × 106
𝐴𝑆 = = = 77.86 𝑚𝑚2
0.87𝑓𝑦𝑘 𝑧 0.87 × 500 × 161.5

Hence use T10@250 mm (314 mm2)

1000 × 78.53
𝐴𝑠𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑 = = 314𝑚𝑚2
250

22
 Check for minimum reinforcement
As,prov has to be greater than 0.26(fctm/fyk)btd but not less
than 0.0013btd
𝑓𝑐𝑡𝑚 2.2
0.26 𝑏𝑡 𝑑 = 0.26 × × 1000 × 170
𝑓𝑦𝑘 460
2
= 194.48 𝑚𝑚 ⁄𝑚
2
0.0013𝑏𝑡 𝑑 = 0.0013 × 1000 × 170 = 221 𝑚𝑚 ⁄𝑚
fctm= 2.2 MPa
Minimum reinforcement provided = 314 mm2/m
Hence ok.
Maximum Spacing
Smax,slab = 2h ≤ 250 mm
2h = 200 x 2 = 400 mm > 250 mm
So, allowable maximum spacing = 250 mm
Thus, use T10@250 mm
Design for Long span – mid
My mid = 4.78 kNm
k’ = 0.167
BS EN
1991-1-
1:2002 𝑀 7.32 × 106
EN 1991-1- 𝑘= 2 = = 0.0201
𝑏𝑑 𝑓𝑐𝑘 1000 × 1602 × 30
1:2002 (E)
Table 6.2
K < 0.167; hence singly reinforced.

𝑘
𝑧 = 𝑑 [0.5 + √0.25 − ]
1.134

0.0201
𝑧 = 160 [0.5 + √0.25 − ]
1.134

Z = 157.8 mm > (0.95) (160) = 152 mm

So, take z = 152 mm
𝑀 4.78 × 106
𝐴𝑆 = = = 161.04 𝑚𝑚2
0.87𝑓𝑦𝑘 𝑧 0.87 × 460 × 152

23
Hence use T10@300 mm (314 mm2/m)

Check for minimum reinforcement

As,prov has to be greater than 0.26(fctm/fyk)btd but not less
than 0.0013btd
𝑓𝑐𝑡𝑚 2.2
0.26 𝑏𝑡 𝑑 = 0.26 × × 1000 × 160
𝑓𝑦𝑘 460
2
= 183.04 𝑚𝑚 ⁄𝑚
2
0.0013𝑏𝑡 𝑑 = 0.0013 × 1000 × 160 = 208 𝑚𝑚 ⁄𝑚
fctm= 2.2 MPa
Minimum reinforcement provided = 314mm2/m
Hence ok.

Maximum Spacing
Smax,slab = 2h ≤ 250 mm
2h = 200 x 2 = 400 mm > 250 mm
So, allowable maximum spacing = 250 mm
Thus, use T10@250 mm
Minimum reinforcement provided = 314 mm2/m

Check for Deflection

𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛 𝑙 4.072
=( ) = = 23.95
𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ 𝑑 𝑎𝑐𝑡 170

Check for Shear

Reaction (shear force) at the support AB = n x (4.072/2) x
1 = 23.821 kN/m
Design value of shear resistance of the concrete slab
without links at short way support

1
𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐 = [𝐶𝑅𝑑,𝑐 𝑘(100𝜌1 𝑓𝑐𝑘 )3 + 𝑘1 𝜎𝑐𝑝 ] 𝑏𝑤 𝑑

With a minimum of
𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐 = (𝑣𝑚𝑖𝑛 + 𝑘1 𝜎𝑐𝑝 )𝑏𝑤 𝑑

24
 𝑁𝑒𝑑
𝜎𝑐𝑝 = =0
𝐴𝑐

200 200
𝑘 = 1+√ =1+√ = 2.12 ≥ 2.0
𝑑 160
𝐴𝑠𝐼 314
𝜌1 = = = 0.00184 ≤ 0.02
𝑏𝑤 𝑑 170 × 1000
1
𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐1 = [0.12 × 2 × (100 × 0.00184 × 30)3 ] 1000
𝑘𝑁
× 170 × 10−3 = 57.16 < 65.04 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚
𝑚
3 1
𝑣𝑅𝑑,𝑐2 = 0.035𝑘 2 𝑓𝑐𝑘 2 𝑏𝑑
3 1
= 0.035 × 22 × 302 × 1000 × 170
× 10−3 = 0.54 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2

Maximum reinforcement requirement

As,max= 0.04Ac
= 0.04 x 200 x 300
= 2400 mm2

So As,min < As,prov < As,max

Hence OK.
Location Short Long Short Long
span span span mid span mid
edge edge
between T10@250 T10@250 T10@250 T10@250
grid lines mm mm mm mm
2–3
and
between
grid line
B and D

9.2. LOADS OF BEAM

Beam is a member which transfers the loads from slab to columns and then foundation to soil.

Span of slabs, which decide the spacing of beams.

Following are the loads which are acting on the beams.

• Dead load

25
• Live load

• Wind load

Shorter span (GH) = 2.520m

Height of the wall = 2.9m
Load Calculations

Project: CET-04 Design Project Page of

Element :
Drawng Reference- Date – 29.06.2020 Check Date
Faculty of
by
Civil Calc by: Piyawansha P.D.G.C
engineering Comments -
and design

Referenc Calculations Output

e
For span 01, BCHG
Ly/lx = 4.072 / 3.820
Ly/lx = 1.1

β = 0.36
Ly/lx POSITION β
Slab 1.1 One long edge 0.36
01 discontinuous
Slab 1.1 One long edge 0.36
02 discontinuous
Slab 1.1 Four edges 0.33
03 continuous
Slab 1.1 Four edges 0.33
04 continuous
Slab 1.1 One long edge 0.36
05 discontinuous
Slab 1.1 One long edge 0.36
06 discontinuous

For span 01,

26
Dead load
Self-weight = 24 x (0.3 – 0.2) x 0.2 = 0.552 KN/m
Slab 01(concrete) = 0.36 x 24 x 0.2 x 4.072/2 = 6.509 KN/m
Slab 02(concrete) = 0.36 x 24 x 0.2 x 4.108/2 = 6.566 KN/m
Wall (225mm) = 19.2 x 0.225 x 2.900 = 12.25 KN/m
Wall (150mm) = 19.2 x 0.150 x 2.900 = 8.35 KN/m

Floor finishes & Ceiling and services = 0.36 x (4.072 +

4.108) x 1.5 = 4.417
Dead load = 34.23 KN/m

Imposed load
Slab 01 = 0.36 x 4.072 x 3 = 2.93 KN/m
Slab 02 = 0.36 x 4.108 x 3 = 2.96 KN/m
Imposed load = 5.89 kN/m

Design load = 1.35 gk + 1.5 qk

= 1.35 x 34.23 + 1.5 x 10.31
= 61.68 KN/m

For span 02,

Dead load
Self-weight = 24 x (0.3 – 0.2) x 0.2 = 0.552 KN/m
Slab 03(concrete) = 0.36 x 24 x 0.2 x 4.072/2 = 5.966 KN/m
Slab 04(concrete) = 0.36 x 24 x 0.2 x 4.108/2 = 6.019 KN/m
Wall (220mm) = 19.2 x 0.225 x 2.900 = 12.25 KN/m
Wall (150mm) = 19.2 x 0.150 x 2.900 = 8.35 KN/m

Floor finishes & Ceiling and services = 0.36 x (4.072 +

4.108) x 1.5 =
Dead load = 33.14 KN/m

Imposed load

Slab 03 = 0.36 x 4.072 x 1.5 = 2.02 KN/m

Slab 04 = 0.36 x 4.108 x 2 = 2.71 KN/m
Imposed load = 8.78 KN/m

27
 Design load = 1.35 gk + 1.5 qk

= 1.35 x 33.14 + 1.5 x 8.78

= 57.91 KN/m
For span 03,

Dead load
Self-weight = 25 x (0.3 – 0.2) x 0.2 = 0.552 KN/m
Slab 05(concrete) = 0.36 x 25 x 0.2 x 4.072/2 = 6.509 KN/m
Slab 06(concrete) = 0.36 x 25 x 0.2 x 4.108/2 = 6.566 KN/m
Wall (225mm) = 19.2 x 0.225 x 2.900 = 12.25 KN/m
Wall (150mm)
= 19.2 x 0.150 x 2.900 = 8.35 KN/m

Floor finishes & Ceiling and services = 0.36 x (4.072 +

4.108) x 1.5 =
Dead load = 34.23 KN/m

Imposed load

Slab 05 = 0.36 x 4.072 x 2.5 = 3.66 KN/m

Slab 06 = 0.36 x 4.108 x 2 = 2.96 KN/m
Imposed load = 11.04 KN/m

= 1.35 gk + 1.5 qk
Design load
= 1.35 x 34.23 + 1.5 x 11.04
= 62.77 KN/m

9.3. DESIGN OF BEAM

Fire resistance is for 1.5 hours, (R90)
Beam width = 150mm
BS EN 1992-1-
1:2004 Cnom = Cmin + ΔCdev
Cl 4.4.1.1(2)
Cmin= max{Cmin,b;Cmin,dur+ ΔCdur,ɤ- ΔCdur,st-
BS EN 1992-1- ΔCdur,add;10mm }
1:2004
Cmin,b=16mm
Cl 4.4.1.2(2)
Cl 4.4.1.2(3) Dry and permanently wet.

28
 Table 4.1 So class XC1
Structural class S4 for design life of 50 years.
Cl 4.4.1.2(5)
Cmin,dur=15mm
Table 4.4N
ΔCdur,ɤ = 0
Cl 4.4.1.2(6) ΔCdur,st = 0
Cl 4.4.1.2(7)
ΔCdur,add = 0
Cl 4.4.1.2(8)
So Cmin=16mm
ΔCdev=10mm
So Cnom=16 + 10 = 26mm
Cl 4.4.1.3(1)
d = 300 – 26 -10 – 16/2 = 254mm

AB beam is end span of continuous beam,

Span / Effective depth ratio = 18

Effective depth = Span / 18
= 2520 / 18
= 140 mm

BS EN 1991-1-
1:2002
EN 1991-1-
1:2002 (E)
Table 6.2

From the excel sheet attached,

Maximum effective beam depth = 228 mm
Assumption –
• 16mm diameter main bars are used as main
bars
• Stirrup used 10mm
• Covering 30mm

29
 So, overall depth of beam = 228 + 10 +8 + 30 mm
= 276 mm
= 300 mm

Beam size = 200mm x 300mm

Minimum Axis Distance of beam relevant for

resistance of 120 minutes = 50mm

Axis distance = overall depth – effective depth

= 300 – 228 mm
BS EN 1991-1-
=72 mm > 50mm
1:2002
EN 1991-1- Hence OK
1:2002 (E)
Table 6.2
Maximum sagging moment = 75 kNm
Maximum hogging moment = 49.28 kNm
Design for sagging moment
L0 = 0.85l1

=0.85 x 3.82
= 3.247m
beff,i = 0.2bi+0.1l0 ≤ 0.2l0 and beff,I ≤ bi
= (0.2 x 1.926) + (0.1 x 3.247) ≤ 0.2 x 3.247
beff,1
= 0.7099 > 0.6494
beff,1
= 0.6494m ≤ bi (1.926)
beff,i = 0.2bi+0.1l0 ≤ 0.2l0

= (0.2 x 1.944) + (0.1 x 3.247) ≤ 0.2 x 3.247

beff,2
BS EN 1992-1- = 0.7135 > 0.6494
1:2004 beff,2
Cl 6.2.3(3) = 0.6494m ≤ bi (1.944)
beff = beff,1 + beff,2 + bw

= 0.6494 + 0.6494 + 0.2

BS EN 1992-1-
1:2004 =1.499 m
Cl 6.2.2(6)

30
 𝑀
𝑘=
𝑏𝑑 2 𝑓𝑐𝑢
BS EN 1992-1- 75 𝑋 106
= 0.056 < 0.167 (k’)
1:2004 1499 𝑋 2282 𝑋 30
Cl 6.2.3(3) Hence singly reinforced
𝑘
Cl 6.2.2(1) 𝑧 = 𝑑 [0.5 + √0.25 − ]
1.134

0.056
𝑧 = 𝑑 [0.5 + √0.25 − ]
1.134
z = 0.972d > 0.95d

⸫ z = 0.95 x 228 = 237.5 mm

BS EN 1992-1- 𝑀 75 𝑋 106
1:2004 𝐴𝑠 = = =427.37 mm2
0.87𝑓𝑦𝑘 𝑧 0.87 𝑋 460 𝑋 237.5
Cl 2.4.2.4(1)
Table 2.1N
Provide 3T16 = 4 x = mm2
BS EN 1992-1- Use 3T16 bars (𝐴𝑠,𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑 = 402.12 mm2)
1:2004
Cl 6.2.2(1) Minimum reinforcement requirement

𝑓
As,min = 0.26 𝑓𝑐𝑡𝑚 bd, But not less than 0.0013btd
𝑦𝑘
fctm = 2.6 Mpa
2.6
As,min = 0.26x460 x 200 x 228
= 73.48 mm2

BS EN 1992-1- 0.0013btd = 0.0013 x 200 x 228

1:2004
Cl 6.2.3(3) = 65 mm2

As,min > 0.0013btd ; Hence OK

Maximum reinforcement requirement

As,max = 0.04Ac
= 0.04 x 200 x 300
= 2400 mm2

So As,min < As,prov < As,max

Hence OK.

31
Design for hogging moment

L0 = 0.15(l1+l2)
=0.15 x (4.072+4.108)
= 1.227 m

beff,i = 0.2bi+0.1l0 ≤ 0.2l0 and beff,I ≤ bi

beff,1
= 0.2 x (2.054 – 0.1) + 0.1 x 1.227 ≤ 0.2 x 1.227
beff,1 = 0.5135 > 0.2454

beff,i = 0.2454m ≤ bi (2.054 – 0.1 = 1.954)

beff,2 = 0.2bi+0.1l0 ≤ 0.2l0

= 0.2 x (2.036 – 0.1) + 0.1 x 1.227 ≤ 0.2 x 1.227

beff,2
= 0.5099 > 0.2454
= 0.2454m ≤ bi (2.054 – 0.1 = 1.954)

beff = beff,1 + beff,2 + bw

= 0.2454m + 0.2454m + 0.2m
=0.691 m

𝑀 49.28 𝑋 106
𝑘= =
𝑏𝑑 2 𝑓𝑐𝑢 300 𝑋 2282 𝑋 30

k = 0.080 < 0.167

Hence singly reinforced
𝑘
𝑧 = 𝑑 [0.5 + √0.25 − ]
1.134

0.080
𝑧 = 𝑑 [0.5 + √0.25 − ]
1.134
z = 0.924d > 0.95d
z = 0.924 x 228
z =231mm
𝑀 49.28𝑋 106
𝐴𝑠 = =
0.87𝑓𝑦𝑘 𝑧 0.87 𝑋 460 𝑋 231

32
𝐴𝑠 = 533.07 mm2
Use 2T20 bars (𝐴𝑠,𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑 = 628.32mm2)

Minimum reinforcement requirement

𝑓
As,min = 0.26 𝑓𝑐𝑡𝑚 bd, But not less than 0.0013btd
𝑦𝑘

fctm = 2.6 Mpa

2.6
As,min = 0.26x460 x 200 x 228

= 73.48 mm2
0.0013btd = 0.0013 x 200 x 228

= 65 mm2
As,min > 0.0013btd ; Hence OK

Maximum reinforcement requirement

As,max = 0.04Ac
= 0.04 x 200 x 300
= 2400 mm2

So As,min < As,prov < As,max

Hence OK.

Design for shear

Maximum shear at the face of support = 78.91 kN
∝𝑐𝑤 𝑏𝑤 𝑧𝑣𝑓𝑐𝑑
𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
cot 𝜃 + tan 𝜃

𝑐𝑘 𝑓
𝑉 = 0.6 [1 − 250 ]
30
𝑉 = 0.6 [1 − 250]=0.54

fcd = 0.567 fck = 0.567 X 30

fcd = 17.01

z = 0.9d = 0.9 X 228 =

∝𝑐𝑤 = 1 (for non-prestressed member)
Assume 𝜃=220

33
 (1.0)(200)(0.9 𝑋 228)(0.54)(17.01)
𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
cot 22 + tan 22

= 119.64 kN > 73.2 kN(Vdesign)

Hence OK
At d distance from the support,
VEd =
Design value of shear resistance of the concrete beam
without links,
VRd,c = [CRd,c k (100ρ1 fck)1/3 + k1 σcp] bwd
With minimum of VRd,c = [Vmin + k1 σcp] bwd
σcp = 0

200 200
k = 1 +√ = 1 + √228 = 1.89 < 2
𝑑

ƿ1 = Asl/bwd

ƿ1 = 452.36 / (200 x 250)

ƿ1 = 0.009 < 0.02

Crd,c= 0.18/ɤc
Crd,c= 0.18/1.5
Crd,c= 0.12

k1 = 0.15
VRd,c = [(0.12)(1.89)(100 × 0.009 × 30)1/3 + 0] ×
(200)(228)
= 32.01 KN < VEd

Vmin = 0.035 k3/2 fck1/2 = 0.035 (1.89)3/2 (30)1/2

= 0.425 N/mm2

34
 [Vmin + k1 σcp] bwd = (0.425 + 0) X (200 X 228) = 4.88
<32.01

Therefore, shear r/f is necessary

𝐴𝑠𝑤
VRd,c = VEd = z fywd cot 𝜃
𝑠
𝐴𝑠𝑤 32.01 𝑋 103
= [(0.9)(228)](0.87)(460)(𝑐𝑜𝑡220) = 0.518
𝑠

Assumed as T10 bars provided for shear link,

S = 255 mm
S = 250mm
Shear r/f ratio,
ρw = Asw / (s bw sin 𝛼)
0.08√𝑓𝑐𝑘
ρw,min = 𝑓𝑦𝑘

Check for deflection

Consider span GH
Effective span =

9.4. LOADS ON COLUMN

Project: CET-04 Design Project Page of

Element :
Drawng Reference- Date – 29.06.2020 Check Date
Faculty of
by
Civil Calc by: Piyawansha P.D.G.C
engineering Comments -
and design

Calculation for Column H

Assumptions –
• Fire resistance will take as 1.5 hours.
• Lightly loaded

35
 • Square column used

According to the table,

As this is lightly loaded μ ≤ 0.5 and Fire resistance is for 1.5
hours,
Column width = 225mm
Column size used = 225mm x 450mm
Self-weight of column = 0.225 × 0.45 × 24 × 4 = 9.72 kN
Loads from span 1 = 61.68 × 3.820/2 =117.80 kN
Loads from span 2 = 57.91 × 3.820/2 = 110.61kN
Total load = 238.13 kN

9.5. DESIGN OF COLUMN

Project: CET-04 Design Project Page of

Element :
Drawng Reference- Date – 29.06.2020 Check Date
Faculty of
by
Civil Calc by: Piyawansha P.D.G.C
engineering Comments -
and design

BS EN Area of reinforcement required for the column H

1992-1-
1:2004 Z direction Y direction
Cl Bottom Condition 1 Condition 1
5.8.3.2(1 Top Condition 2 Condition 2
) β=0.8 β=0.8

Loz=loy= βl = 0.8 x 2700 = 2160mm

λlim = 20. 𝐴. 𝐵. 𝐶⁄
√𝑛
IstructE Braced column
Manual
A = 0.7
B = 1.1
C = 1.7
n = 𝑁𝐸𝑑⁄𝐴𝑐. 𝑓𝑐𝑑
IstructE
Manual

36
Appendi = 238.13 X 103
xC
225 X 450 X 0.567 X 30
n = 0.18
20 𝑋 0.7 𝑋 1.1 𝑋 1.7
λlim = √0.18

λlim = 61.71
EN
1992-1-
1-2004 Icol = 225 X 4503 X 1⁄12 = 170 X 107 mm4
Cl A = 225 x 450
9.5.2(2) Ibeam 1 = 200 X 3003 X 1⁄12 =450 X 106 mm4

iz=iy=(170 x 107 / 225 x 450 )0.5 =

λz =λy = lo /I = 2160 / 129.5 = 16.63 < λlim

Hence the column is short column

EN Design of Reinforcement
1992-1- 𝑁 238.13×103
= 225×450×30 = 0.356
1-2004 𝑏ℎ𝑓𝑐𝑘
Cl
9.5.3(1) M
= =0
bℎ2 fck

d/h = (450-30-10-6)/450 =0.89 = 0.9

Asfyk/bhfck = 0
IStructE
Manual No need more reinforcement.
0.1 NED
Table 4.1 As,min = or 0.004Ac
f yd

0.1 NED 0.1×238.13×103

𝐴𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 51.76 mm2
fyd 51.77
0.004Ac = 0.004 × 225× 450 = 405 mm2

Hence As,min= 405 mm2

Use 4T12 (As= 452 mm2)

IStructE
Manual
Table 4.2 Design of Links

37
Bar diameter = 6mm ≥ max {6mm, 12⁄4 = 3mm}

Bar spacing = 200mm ≤ min{200min = 20d =

20 × 12 = 240, min. {225,225}}

shear links T6 @ 200 mm

38
39