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Chương 1: Dịch Báo

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Bài 1: Activities to promote values of cultural heritages in

Khánh Hòa

Throughout the last decade, Khanh Hoa Province has carried out effectively
numerous programs and activities in various ways in order to promote the
values of the province’s cultural heritages.

Khanh Hoa now has 16 national level monuments and 173 provincial level
monuments; three national level intangible cultural heritages which are Ponagar
Temple Festival, Whale Worshipping Festival, and the grave-leaving rite of the
Raglai.

As said by Le Van Hoa, Deputy Director of Khanh Hoa Provincial Department of

Culture and Sports, being aware of the importance of raising the awareness of the
public, especially the young people, since 2008 until now, the department has
associated with the localities to hold many contests on cultural heritages
throughout the province. Through these contests, the world cultural heritages,
national and provincial cultural heritages, provincial monuments, localities’ typical
historical events and figures, and folk festivals, etc. have been introduced more
thoroughly and widely to the public. In 2017, the local contest was upgraded to the
provincial level version, attended by eight teams over the province.

Also ten years ago, the provincial Department of Culture and Sports and the
provincial Department of Education and Training agreed on the plan to assign the
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duty of taking care of the local recognized monuments to the schools. Many
practical activities to preserve the monuments were carried out, such as tree
planting, cleaning and embellishing the monuments. Aside from the students, the
local Youth Union members and young people have also taken part in the activities
to preserve the monuments and heritages.

Connecting the monument preservation with tourism activities has also been
employed by Khanh Hoa’s cultural section for many recent years, which has been
bringing some positive results. For example, some historical monuments in the
coastal areas and on the islands have been restoring and embellishing, such as
C235 “no-number” ship monument, Dong Bo, Da Ban, Hon Thi... These
monuments are expected to become the outstanding historical sights of Khanh
Hoa.

The results from the above propaganda and activities of Khanh Hoa have proved
its effectiveness. The awareness of the public on this subject has been raised. It can
be said that encouraging the public to take part in restoring and preserving the
monuments and traditional cultural values is an effective way to promote the
values of the cultural heritages and monuments.
Giang Đinh
Translated by H.N

Bài 2: Kien Giang strives to develop sustainable tourism

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The southern province of Kien Giang has stepped up efforts to turn tourism into its
key industry by 2020.
According to the provincial Tourism Department, Kien Giang welcomed more than
2.4 million tourists in the last five months, 42.4 percent of year’s plan and up 3.6
percent year-on-year. Of the number, foreign visitors increased more than 13
percent.

Kien Giang hosted the Visit Viet Nam Year - Phu Quoc - Mekong Delta in 2016,
which helped the province to improve its tourism products and attract more
visitors.

Tran Chi Dung, head of the department stressed that the province is striving to
build on the momentum from the Visit Viet Nam Year 2016. The province has
called for more investment as well as improvement in services and human resource
quality, along with building tourism products.

In the first five months of 2017, more than 850,000 tourists came to the province’s
Phu Quoc island, a rise of 30 percent year-on-year, said Huynh Quang Hung, Vice
Chairman of the People’s Committee of Phu Quoc District.

Phu Quoc is expected to receive about two million people this year, mostly during
Miss Grand International 2017 in October, Christmas and New Year 2018, Hung
added.
Kien Giang province has built its tourism brand as a safe and friendly destination
for domestic and foreign visitors. It also hopes to complete a tourism development
plan and implement essential infrastructure.
In addition, the province has focused on mobilising resources to improve key
tourism zones and repair local relics, as well as build more cultural and sport
centres.
Source: VNA
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Bài 3:Tourist turns to sustainable tourism

When Frédéric Tiberghien Frédo first visited Vietnam 20 years ago as a tourist, he
wanted to see more of the country.
He was already linked to the country, being born to a French father and
Vietnamese mother, but he lost both of them in an accident in France when he was
young, and was raised by his maternal grandmother, according to a 2011 report in
the Kien Thuc (Knowledge) online newspaper. He worked as a carpenter and a
horse keeper in France and England before deciding to visit his mother's native
country.
In his fifties now, he is no longer a tourist. Vietnam has become home. And, he is
known as Frédo Binh.
Frédo's transformation from a curious tourist to a charmed one and to a tour
operator himself has been accompanied by a motivation to preserve the country's
beauty, the culture of its ethnic minority residents and improve the living standards
of communities in a sustainable manner.
Over the years he has initiated community projects in many localities in the
northern highlands.

In Cao Bang Province, he established a small museum introducing local culture to

foreign tourists. In Lao Cai Province, he built a bridge that made it easier and safer
for children to attend school. In Yen Bai Province, he founded a nursery school
and a community "culture house." He has also helped improve sanitary facilities
like toilets and septic tanks at various localities.
His most impressive achievement, however, is probably the eco-tourism project he
began in 2006 in Yen Bai Province's Ngoi Tu Village, which is home to Dao ethnic
families.

Because of the project, locals are able to augment their incomes from farming by
participating in the tourism industry. They have also developed a better awareness
of environment protection. Many villagers have become professional tour guides
able to speak foreign languages.

"It is slow but lastingly effective to promote Vietnam's image through sustainable
tourism," Frédo told the An ninh thu do (Capital security) newspaper.
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"Green tourism is not only about sustaining the environment where it happens, but
also about how local culture is conveyed to visitors," he said.

When he first arrived in Vietnam and visited Hanoi's famous Old Quarter, he felt
the "depth of the culture of the peaceful country."

In 1994, he took adventurous trips to the northern highlands on a Minsk a

motorbike produced in Belarus. During those trips, he was not only charmed by the
beautiful landscape but also the culture of ethnic minority people he met.
"Then I suddenly thought about doing tourism to earn a living," he said.

Frédo said he printed ads about his motorcycle tours and posted them at places
frequented by foreign tourists in Hanoi.

"Unexpectedly,"it was "effective," as he received many phone calls and bookings,

he said.

In 1997, he founded a travel company called Compagine Bourlingue, which was

also known as Freewheeling Tours in English. He asked the ethnic minority
residents to join him in offering homestay experiences for foreign tourists in their
villages.

Years later, he came upon Ngoi Tu Village on the banks of the Thac Ba Lake in
Vu Linh Commune. He was totally captivated by the scenery and the way local
people preserved their traditions and customs.
So, he bought a stilt house there and developed it into an eco-lodge that can
accommodate 60 people.
Once again, he invited local people to join him in the eco-tourism project. He
taught them French and English. He also sent them to Hanoi, where they were
trained in being tour guides as well as other aspects of the hospitality industry.

He also worked to raise their awareness about protecting environment and their
culture, and earning a living in sustainable ways.

Speaking about his project, Luong Xuan Hoi, secretary of Vu Linh Commune's
Party Unit, said local people's life has changed a lot since they began participating
in tourism.

Previously, it was not easy for them to earn more than VND2 million ($94.65) a
month, as they only did farm work, but now, that has changed.
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The way Frédo has done tourism, moreover, has contributed to the preservation of
local culture, the official said.

Frédo himself has changed a lot over the years.

He can speak both Vietnamese and the Dao people's language fluently. Although
he is based in Hanoi, he visits and stays in the village often, and has learnt a lot
about the Dao culture, from the meaning of pillars in their traditional houses to the
practice of burning incense and offering chicken to the spirits before building
houses.

He loves in particular the festival that Dao people celebrate at the beginning of the
spring to mark the start of a new rice season.

"It is a beautiful aspect of culture," he said. "People thank the plants, heaven and
the earth for giving them a good life and harvest."

He regularly takes his 10-year-old son to Ngoi Tu, where the boy plays with local
children. And, like his father, he has learnt to speak Vietnamese and the Dao
language very well. Frédo is divorced and has two children.

Asked if he will return to France, Frédo said he will visit his home country, but
would end up coming back to Vietnam, because the country is now his "flesh and
blood."
Thanhniennews.com

Bài 4: HCM City lacks capital for transport infrastructure

VietNamNet Bridge – HCM City needs more investment capital for transport
infrastructure development, according to the city’s transport department.
Investment for urban transport infrastructure for last year was modest and below
the needs of the biggest city of the country, the department said in its report on Sai
Gon Giai Phong(Liberated Sai Gon) newspaper yesterday.
In 2016-2020, demand for investment capital for transport infrastructure was
estimated at about VND500 trillion (US$22 billion).
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But the city had allocated VND21.6 trillion ($951 million) for 2016 and 2017, and
about VND41 trillion ($1.8 billion) for the next three years. It means the total
capital the city has allocated for the 5-year period is VND61 trillion, about 10 per
cent of demand.
According to figures released by the department, some 22,300ha of land has been
approved for transport infrastructure development, but only 7,800ha is being used
currently.
The total length of roads in the city was about 4,155km, equivalent to 1.98km of
road per sq.km of city area. However, urban construction standards dictate the
percentage range from 10 to 13.3km of road per sq.km of city area.
The city is also short of car parking areas while more private vehicles enter the
roads every year. This has led to the roads being used for parking, causing traffic
jams.
At present, parking areas for public busses and taxi cabs totals 29.9ha, just 37 per
cent compared to the plan.
The city also lacks funds to build new roads and bridges.
According to the department, the city has more than 1,000 bridges but many have
small capacities from 30 tonnes to less than one tonne.
Many bridges in the city are also too old, with Phu Long Bridge built in 1913 and
linking District 12 to the neighboring province of Binh Duong, crowded day and
night.
The bridge is accessible for under-eight tonne cars and two-wheeled vehicles only.
The city also has to pay for 24-hour patrol services on the old bridges which are
still in use.
Source: VNS
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Bài 5: HCM City plans to develop key traffic infrastructure works

Ho Chi Minh City is planning to add a number of key traffic projects to its transportation
planning, including projects to expand roads linking districts and neighbouring southern
provinces.

Nguyen Duy Trinh road linking District 2 and District 9 is adjusted to extend to 30 km in this year

At the latest meeting on connecting transportation infrastructure in the southern

focal economic regions (FERs) held by the Ho Chi Minh City Department of
Transport, the representatives of the southern FERs agreed to adjust the southern
region’s transportation planning.
Accordingly, the planning will add five 4-6-lane inter-regional routes
worthVND32 trillion ($1.45 billion) with the total length of nearly 240 kilometres,
and will extend 10 existing routes with the total length of nearly 730 km using
VND63-trillion ($2.86 billion) in total estimated investment capital.
In particular, the 89.3-km, VND55.8-trillion ($2.53 billion) Ring Road 3—going
through Ho Chi Minh City and the south provinces of Binh Duong and Long An—
saw particular interest at the meeting. This project was approved by the prime
minister in 2011 and was adjusted in 2013.
According to Cuu Long Corporation for Investment, Development, and Project
Management of Infrastructure (Cuu Long CIPM), the project’s development aims
to shorten the journey from Ho Chi Minh City to Nhon Trach city (Dong Nai
province) and to Binh Duong province.
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Especially, this route will help to distribute traffic flows more evenly by offering
an alternative around the city centre, thus reducing congestions on inner-city
streets.
Nguyen Ngoc Tuong, deputy head of the Ho Chi Minh City Traffic Safety
Committee, said Ring Road 3 should be accelerated to avoid delays, especially in
the compensation for site clearance.
Besides, the project to construct a bridge over My Thuy intersection (started in
2016) is being implemented with the total investment capital of over VND837
billion ($38 million).
Once put into operation, the bridge will help to reduce congestion in the area of
Cat Lai port and the neighbouring routes such as Ring Road 2, Dong Van Cong,
and Mai Chi Tho. This will facilitate goods circulation, according to the city’s
Department of Transport.
This year, Ho Chi Minh City will invest in upgrading and expanding a number of
roads, such as Dong Van Cong, Nguyen Duy Trinh (District 2), Nguyen Xien
(District 9), To Ngoc Van (Thu Duc district), Nguyen Tat Thanh (District 4), and
Dao Tri (District 7).
These roads are located by a large number of apartments of various segments
where population density is becoming increasingly high, while the transport
infrastructure is lagging behind to accommodate the increasing demand.
Tran Quang Lam, deputy director of the city’s Department of Transport, said:
“Traffic infrastructure in the urban areas did not keep up with urbanisation, leading
to great pressure in the areas featuring high-rise buildings and dense population.
All this time, the city has been investing in large roads but has yet to resolve traffic
jams.”
VIR

Bài 6: Government progress in business environment

improvement
2017 saw the government’s drastic engagement in removing obstacles faced by
enterprises with the adoption of a series of incentive policies and the Prime
Minister’s resolute commitments. These efforts are aimed at securing 1 million
efficient businesses by 2020.
This year, the government adopted new incentives, simplified administrative
procedures relating to credit, tax, land, construction, and imports-exports, and
reduced business conditions.
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A wide range of meetings and forums between the government and entrepreneurs
were held, while innovations and start-ups were encouraged.

Important decisions for the development of the private economy were made,
including the Law on Supporting Small and Medium-sized Enterprises and dozens
of decrees on slashing business conditions. 80% of the total 1,100 proposals from
the business community were dealt with.
All this resulted in more than 120,000 new enterprises, the most in the 17 years
since the Law on Enterprises was adopted. More than 25,000 enterprises resumed
operation and US$17.5 billion Foreign Direct Investment was disbursed, a 10-year
high.

Vu Tien Loc, President of the Vietnam Chamber of Commerce and Industry, said,
“At the beginning of its term, the government concentrated on reforming
institutions. The Prime Minister directed ministries and sectors to finalize a decree
to instruct the implementation of the Law on Investment and the Law on
Enterprises. He was eager to address enterprises’ demands and recommendations.”
The government’s efforts to improve the business environment have been
applauded by international organizations. A World Bank report said Vietnam
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moved up 14 places in business climate this year, compared to last year. The
World Economic Forum raised Vietnam’s competitiveness 20 notches in 2017.

Robert Moritz, Chairman of the PricewaterhouseCoopers International Network,

said, “Vietnam has a number of years of positive growth and stable investment
opportunities. And as a result, many see that an investment opportunity for them.
In fact, our PwC CEO survey puts Vietnam in the top 5 countries that CEOs want
to invest in outside of their own country. So I think that demonstrates the
prominence importance of Vietnam and that will continue as the demographics and
economy continue to grow.”
Engagement of ministries, localities
This year, the Ministry of Finance reformed the tax and customs systems and
the Ministry of Industry and Trade proposed to trim 675 business and investment
conditions, a record high number in the sector’s history.
Hanoi launched an online public service portal, while Quang Ninh province took
the lead in implementing competitive indexes at district level. Da Nang city did
well in building an innovative start-up network and improving administrative
services.
Dr. Nguyen Dinh Cung, head of the Central Institute for Economic Management,
said, “This year saw significant results for the government’s drive to improve the
business climate. Business obstacles like poor business conditions, specialized
management, irrational decisions, and high business costs were reduced. The
central government, ministries, and localities have flexed muscles. Many initiatives
were put in place, including a public administrative center and entrepreneur café.”
As Prime Minister Nguyen Xuan Phuc said, a country cannot be rich without a
strong business community. The government will go ahead with more measures to
nurture businesses for sustainable growth.
VOV5.
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Bài 7: European firms upbeat about Vietnam business environment

The Saigon Times Daily
Friday, Jul 22,2016,22:34 (GMT+7)

Representatives of European firms join a discussion on the sidelines of a business event in

HCMC. Many European businesses are optimistic about Vietnam’s business environment
and macroeconomic stability - PHOTO: THU NGUYET

HCMC – A majority of European businesses are optimistic about

Vietnam’s business environment and macroeconomic stability as shown
in a recent survey conducted by the European Chamber of Commerce in
Vietnam (EuroCham).
EuroCham said on July 21 the Business Climate Index (BCI) reached 77 in
quarter 2 based on the survey of 883 members, including some of the largest
European investors in the country. The index reflected positive sentiment of
EuroCham members on the business environment in Vietnam.
EuroCham said its members assessed Vietnam’s overall business situation in
the previous quarter as good.
The survey found 66.7% of the respondents described the business situation as
“excellent” and “good”, while only 12.5% said it was “not good” and “very
poor.”
As for the business outlook, “excellent” was selected by 9.4% of respondents
and “good” was picked by 54.2%.
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They also hold a positive view of Vietnam’s macroeconomic outlook in the

next quarter and expect that macroeconomic stability to continue, with 56.3%
ticking the “stabilization and improvement” option and 34.4% thinking that it
would not change.
The survey unveiled 49% of respondents expected the number of orders or
revenue would edge up in the next quarter and 15.6% hoped a significant rise
in revenue.
Asked about investment and headcount development plans, 43.8% of them
said they would increase investment while 43.7% planned an increase in
hiring. Only 4.1% said they would cut staff and 50% would keep their
payrolls unchanged. Meanwhile, 40.6% said their investment would be
maintained at the same level for the next quarter.
EuroCham chairman Michael Behrens said the results for quarter 2 indicated
positive expectations of members for the near future.
“EuroCham members maintain a positive view of the Vietnamese market and
their business operations in the country, a result which does not differ from
our last survey. This is a good sign for the current implementation of the EU-
Vietnam Free Trade Agreement, which is expected to strongly enhance
European business and investment,” Behrens said.
However, EuroCham noted that the survey was conducted before the UK’s
June 23 vote to leave the European Union (EU).
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Bài 8: In Vietnam, unsustainable ‘modernization’ too much

for sanitation services
Urgent actions needed to improve the situation, according to the World Bank

Huynh Thanh Long said he and his neighbors close all their doors and windows
whenever they are at home but that doesn’t keep the awful stink from the Ba Bo
Canal out of the house.
“Pollution often forms a thick layer of foam on the surface of the flowing water,”
said the resident of Ho Chi Minh City’s Thu Duc District.
According to the city’s anti-inundation center, pollution in the canal is a
combination of wastewater from residential areas and industrial zones upstream.
Pollution in big cities is common in Vietnam, threatening public health and
sustainable growth, experts say.
Vietweek recently reported serious pollution in Hanoi’s rivers, the result of
untreated wastewater being discharged from series of new urban areas built
without wastewater treatment facilities.
“Over the last 20 years, the government of Vietnam has made considerable
progress on the provision of wastewater services in urban areas, investing nearly
US$250 million annually in recent years,” said Le Duy Hung, a senior urban
specialist in Hanoi.
“However, keeping pace with rapid urbanization is challenging and it is estimated
that $8.3 billion will be required to provide wastewater services to Vietnam’s
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urban population between now and 2025,” Hung, who is also a leading researcher
at the World Bank’s Vietnam Urban Wastewater Review, wrote in a report
released on January 20.
The report focuses on the specific challenges that Vietnam faces as a result of
increasing environmental pollution associated with rapid urbanization. It also
evaluates the performance of the wastewater sector in Vietnam.
It found that although 60 percent of households dispose of wastewater through a
public sewerage system, much of this goes to the drainage system with only 10
percent of the wastewater treated.
Hung said estimated economic losses resulting from poor sanitation stood at $780
million per year, or 1.3 percent of the country’s GDP.
“Financing needs are still very high, estimated at $8.3 billion for sewerage services
to an estimated urban population of 36 million by 2025,” he said.
Industrialization problem
Apart from untreated wastewater from residential areas, pollution also comes from
industrial zones, threatening public health and sustainable growth.
Recently, many farmers in HCMC’s Cu Chi District complained that they do not
have water for nearly 400 hectares (988 acres) of rice due to pollution in the Thai
Cai and An Ha canals.
They accused the SEPZONE - Linh Trung 3 Industrial Zone of discharging
untreated wastewater to pollute the canal.
Vietnam’s first industrial parks opened in 1991 as part of the doi moi reform
movement, and there are currently more than 189 industrial parks and 878 export
processing zones nationwide in 57 of the country’s total 63 cities and provinces.
Vo Thanh Thu of the Vietnam Chamber of Commerce and Industry’s international
trade policy advisory committee said that rapid industrialization over the past 20
years had led to a boom in industrial parks and export processing zones.
However, it has also led to serious pollution, leading to conflicts with local
residents.
“Only half have established waste treatment plants,” Thu said at a recent seminar
on the issue, organized by the People and Nature Reconciliation (PanNature) a
Vietnamese non-profit organization.
Thu said that toxic waste is discharged without treatment, causing serious pollution
to the environment.
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The committee urged the government to review industrial park and export
processing zone zoning plans and encouraged agencies to cooperate to improve the
monitoring of environment regulations.
Action needed
Researchers estimated that investment levels of at least $250 per person are needed
annually in the East Asia region over the next 15 years to manage wastewater and
septage that is generated by the urban population.
In another World Bank report, entitled East Asia Pacific Region Urban Sanitation
Review: Actions Needed, researchers examine what is holding back the sector and
recommend ways to expand and improve urban sanitation services in an inclusive
and sustainable way in Vietnam, Indonesia and the Philippines.
The region’s rapid urbanization is an engine of economic growth but poor quality
sanitation leads to unsustainable development, with economic losses of 1.3, 1.5 and
2.3 percent of GDP in Vietnam, the Philippines and Indonesia, respectively.
“Worldwide, about 2.5 billion people lack adequate sanitation and 660 million of
them live in East Asia and the Pacific Region,” said Charles Feinstein, World Bank
sector manager for energy and water.
“Inadequate sanitation takes a tremendous toll on the quality of peoples’ lives, the
environment, and the economy,” he said. “But the good news is investments in
sanitation yield high returns.”
According to the report, poor sanitation has a significant impact on public health in
the region including chronic poor health caused by diarrheal disease and an
increased risk of disease epidemics such as cholera.
It calls for developing people-centered policies, promoting cost-effective technical
solutions, developing sustainable institutions for quality services and developing
viable financial schemes.
Returns on sanitation investments are also high.
Worldwide, every US dollar invested in sanitation yields $5.50 in return in terms
of economic benefits.
In East Asia, this rate of return is even higher, with every US dollar spent yielding
$8 in return, according to the World Health Organization.
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Bài 9: WB: Vietnam urbanization among fastest in region

Tu Hoang
Tuesday, Jan 27,2015,20:24 (GMT+7)

This file photo shows Binh Trieu bridges connecting Binh Thanh District and the outlying
district of Thu Duc in HCMC. According to the WB’s study, HCMC and Hanoi are among
the largest urban areas in the region and these two cities dominate Vietnam’s urban
landscape in terms of urban land and population - PHOTO: LE ANH

HANOI – Urban areas in Vietnam have expanded spatially at 2.8% per year
and this is among the fastest rates in the region, according to a study released
by the World Bank (WB) on January 26.
Vietnam is rapidly urbanizing, both spatially and demographically, the WB
said in the study. “Vietnam’s position in the urban hierarchy jumped during
the 2000-10 decade from having the seventh-largest amount of urban land in
2000 (2,200 square kilometers) to the fifth-largest amount in 2010 (2,900
square kilometers), overtaking Thailand and the Republic of Korea. This
increase of 700 square kilometers was among the largest in the region:” it said.
Some 94% of the rise in built-up land took place on arable land, but urban
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growth accounted for the loss of only 0.6% of the total arable land in the
country.
The study showed 0.9% of Vietnam’s total land area is part of urban areas,
which is a similar proportion to China but higher than Indonesia and the
Philippines.
Vietnam has the sixth-largest urban population in East Asia, with 23 million
people. In 2000-2010, its urban population grew 7.5 million people and this
annual urban population rise of 4.1% was one of the highest rates in the
region, slower than only Laos and Cambodia.
Despite fast urbanization, Vietnam’s urban areas were denser than in the
region as a whole, though not as dense as Indonesia, the Republic of Korea, or
the Philippines. Its overall average urban density went up from 6,800 people
per square kilometer in 2000 to 7,700 people per square kilometer in 2010.
The study found that although Vietnam does not have any megacities of 10
million or more citizens, its HCMC (7.8 million people) and Hanoi (5.6
million people) are among the region’s largest. These two urban areas
dominate the country’s urban landscape as measured by both urban land and
population.
The most notable thing about urban expansion in Vietnam is the rapid growth
of Hanoi and HCMC. Their expansion rates of 3.8% and 4.0% per year
respectively are much faster than those of urban areas in other East Asian
countries, except China.
If the two cities continue to grow at the current rate, by 2020 they will both be
twice as large as they were in 2000. Of the urban areas with populations
greater than 500,000 in the country, only Danang’s growth rate of 3.5% comes
close.
Spatially, both Hanoi (850 square kilometers in 2010) and HCMC (810 square
kilometers in 2010) expanded almost equally between 2000 and 2010 - just
less than 270 square kilometers. This expansion was greater than in any other
urban area in the region outside China, including much larger urban areas such
as Jakarta, Manila, Seoul, and Tokyo.
HCMC and Hanoi account for more than half of the urban land in the country,
and the gap between them and other urban areas is widening, with 75% of the
new urban spatial growth in the country recorded in these two urban areas.
Even though the administrative area of HCMC is very large and remains half
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unbuilt, expansion of this city is already pushing into adjacent provinces.

The study revealed that the pattern of development in Hanoi is fairly different
from that in HCMC. Hanoi is situated in the Red River Delta, which is
characterized by hundreds of dispersed pockets of settlement, including small
towns, in contrast to the mostly unified cluster of HCMC.
New growth around Hanoi has been similarly dispersed, although since 2000
the dispersed settlements appear to be connecting into more continuous
corridors of development along highways, such as the spur heading northeast
from the center of Hanoi through Bac Ninh, and another heading east toward
Hai Duong.
As defined in the study, 37% of the built-up land and only 31% of the increase
in built-up land since 2000 falls within Hanoi. The places with the largest
increases in urban population density were the already dense districts in the
center of the capital city, such as Dong Da, Hai Ba Trung, and Hoan Kiem,
where in 2010 population density exceeded 40,000 people per square
kilometer. So although Hanoi may be expanding rapidly, the very dense city
center continues to get denser.
As in HCMC, the increase in density in the center of the city is possibly
attributable to the industrial expansion, which creates jobs and attracts people
to the city.
Vietnam also has one urban area in the one million to five million range
(Haiphong), six between 500,000 and one million, and 21 between 100,000
and 500,000 people, according to the study.
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Bài 10:Facing Power Shortage, Vietnam Plans to Import

Electricity From Laos

Due to increasing domestic demand, Vietnam is negotiating to import electricity

from Laos.
Nguyen Hai Ha, head of manufacturing engineering at Vietnam Electricity Group
(EVN), told the Saigon Times that Vietnam’s electricity generation and imports are
estimated at 184 billion kWh this year, a sharp increase from 164 billion kWh in
2015.
With economic growth forecast to reach 6.5 to 7%, domestic demand for electricity
is projected to grow by 13% annually over the next four years, according
to VnExpress. As a result, the national government plans to invest US$40 billion in
electricity projects by 2020.
However, in order to meet short-term demand, Vietnam is now turning to Laos, the
future “battery of Southeast Asia”, as its western neighbor ramps up electricity
production by adding four more hydropower plants in 2017.
According to the Vientiane Times, Lao Deputy Minister of Energy and Mines
Viraphonh Viravong recently announced that Laos and Vietnam signed a
memorandum of understanding in which Vietnam expressed its intention to import
5,000MW from Laos to meet its rising industrial demand for electricity.
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Within its own borders, Laos only uses 20.4% of its power capacity domestically
while exporting 79.6%to Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam, according to The
Nation.
Although Vietnam’s decision to import power from Laos will help to ease its
domestic shortage, the move has also sparked criticism, as some view this
arrangement as encouragement for Laos to continue its “dam-building binge on the
Mekong River”, reports VnExpress in another article.
“This policy [to import power from Laos] will negate Vietnam’s political rhetoric
on hydropower development along the Mekong River,” scientist Le Anh Tuan
wrote, according to VnExpress. “It will only encourage Laos to build more dams
on the Mekong and give a tacit nod to the destruction of livelihoods in Vietnam.”
On the other hand, as Vietnam taps into the potential of Lao hydropower, the
country may be able to limit its coal imports from neighboring countries. This year,
Vietnam has imported 9.7 million tons of coal, far more than the previously
estimated 4 million tons. Coal-fired plants are now the major source of electricity
in Vietnam.
However, even if Vietnam cannot curb its energy consumption, the country cannot
rely on polluting coal plants to fuel its economic development. Government
officials have taken small steps toward the development of clean energy – last
year, Vietnam spearheaded the construction of its first solar power plant in Quang
Ngai – however these are a drop in the bucket when it comes to Vietnam’s overall
energy requirements.
Since canceling a proposed nuclear power project in Ninh Thuan, the government
is now considering other sources of renewable energy to diversify its power
sources while meeting growing domestic demand and addressing environmental
concerns. According to Vietnam News, the World Bank, Asian Development Bank,
Japan Bank for International Cooperation and other private investors have offered
additional investments into renewable energy projects in an effort to help Vietnam
develop clean energy in the future.
 23

Bài 11: Vietnam faces shaky energy future as coal-fired

power remains dominant

By VnExpress May 18, 2017 | 04:36 pm GMT+7

As hydropower reaches its maximum capacity, the renewable energy sector

remains immature and nuclear power seems out of reach.

Thermal power will be the mainstay of Vietnam's electricity supply over the next
two decades and possibly longer, Deputy Prime Minister Trinh Dinh Dung said in
a message to the power industry during a recent event, the government's online
news portal reported.
Dung's statement came as a confirmation of Vietnam's continued reliance on coal-
fired power to keep up with its growth demand, which will pose a number of
challenges to mitigating the power sector's environmental impacts while increasing
the country's dependence on coal imports.

"Thermal energy, especially coal-fired and gas-fired power, will remain our main
source of electricity until 2030, and possibly even longer," Dung said at the 10th
anniversary of the Petrovietnam Power Corporation (PV Power), the second-
largest electricity producer in Vietnam, after EVN.

PV Power, a member of the Vietnam Oil and Gas Group (PVN), contributes over
10 percent of the country's power output with a number of hydropower and thermal
power plants scattered throughout central and southern provinces. It has been
tasked by the government to develop at least eight more thermal power projects in
the coming years.

Vietnam's energy demand is expected to grow 13 percent annually over the next
four years.

Energy sources such as hydropower have reached their maximum capacity while
the renewable energy sector remains in its infancy and nuclear power's steep price
tag is too high for a country which public debt is approaching 65 percent.

Coal-fired power, despite its environmental impacts, is still the dominant power
source for Vietnam. By 2030, over half of the country’s power will come from
coal, adding 55,300MW to the national grid with 83 plants across the country,
according to the revised government Power Development Master Plan VII.
 24

Historically, the country has been self-sufficient in coal, but this has changed.
More than $400 million was spent during the first quarter of this year on importing
coal, based on recently published figures from the Vietnam Industry and Trade
Information Center (VITIC).

Australia remained the largest supplier with nearly 1.3 million tons worth $157.2
million shipped in the first three months of 2017, up 11.6 percent and 136.8
percent respectively on-year. It was followed by Indonesia with nearly 1.1 million
tons worth $77.2 million, up 127 percent and 260 percent. Another combined
800,000 tons of coal was also imported from Russia, China and Malaysia.

The development of coal-based power poses a challenge for the country's leaders
who have repeatedly echoed the message of not sacrificing the environment for
economic development in recent years.

In response to concerns over emissions from coal-fired plants, Nguyen Tai Anh,
deputy general director of EVN, said in a recent meeting that they will be
minimized with the application of modern technology. He added that all coal-fired
thermal power plants under the management of EVN have treatment facilities for
waste gas, water and solid waste in accordance with regulations.

"In the case of old coal plants, EVN has reviewed and planned upgrades for their
emission treatment systems, which are expected to be completed in 2018-2019," he
said.

In addition to the environmental effects of coal-fired power, the industry needs to

deal with the threat of local power shortages due to an imbalance between supply
and demand across different regions.

According to Deputy PM Dung, while 50 percent of the total electricity demand

comes from the South (40 percent from the North and 10 percent from the Central
region), current power supplies are concentrated mainly in the North with over 50
percent, while the southern region only produces about 40 percent.

"The threat of power shortages in the southern region next year is real if new
power plants are not completed on time, and this is a very daunting task," Dung
warned.

Energy experts have been highlighting the need to diversify energy sources and
switch to renewable energy.
 25

However, in comparison to traditional energy sources such as oil and coal,

renewable energy is still relatively new in Vietnam. Its presence is strongly driven
by government policies, and is mostly positioned within sustainable development
and greenhouse gas reduction frameworks.
High installation costs and relatively low power prices have been discouraging
investors from entering Vietnam’s wind energy market. The current buying price at
7.8 U.S. cents/kWh is well below that in other Asian countries, such as 20 cents in
Thailand, 29 cents in the Philippines and 30 cents in Japan.
In a long-awaited decision last month, PM Nguyen Xuan Phuc approved a tariff of
9.35 cents per kWh for the purchase of electricity from grid-connected solar power
plants in a new directive that will take effect between June 1, 2017 and June 30,
2019. This is higher than the tariff applied to onshore wind power projects of 7.8
cents per kWh.

"It was an important decision, though it remains to be seen if the increase is

enough to motivate investors," said Tran Dinh Long, deputy director of the
Vietnam Electricity Association.

While some investors say solar power prices should be set at 10 cents per kWh or
higher to ensure profits, they could still make a profit at the new price, partly
because solar power generation costs have been on decline in recent years.
 26

Bài 12: Vietnam to import power from Laos to ease

shortage: report

By VnExpress November 24, 2016 | 02:00 am GMT+7

Workers check electrical equipment at a transformer station in the Central Highlands. Photo by
VnExpress/Ngoc Ha

The country has upgraded transmission grids to accommodate the purchase.

Vietnam is negotiating with Laos on electricity prices as it may need to import

power from the neighbor for its fast growing economy, local media has reported,
citing trade deputy minister Hoang Quoc Vuong.

Demand for electricity is expected to grow 13 percent annually in the next four
years.
 27

Meanwhile, the country’s total output in 2016 is forecast to increase by just 12

percent to 184 billion kWh from last year, Nguyen Hai Ha, an executive of state
utility EVN told the Saigon Times.
In the short term, the government has planned to bridge the supply-demand gap by
importing electricity from Laos, which will build four more hydropower plants in
2017. Vietnam has upgraded transmission grids to accommodate the imports.

EVN estimated the total output of locally produced and imported electricity this
year will reach 175.9 billion kWh.

Vietnam's economy has expanded by more than 5 percent a year on average since
1999 and growth is forecast to reach 6.5-7 percent in the next four years.

The country has mapped out a blueprint for the development of the power sector.
The plan foresees VND3,207 trillion ($142 billion) worth of investments in
generation and distribution capacity through to 2030. Some $40 billion will be
invested between 2016 and 2020, of which about 75 percent will go to generation.

It is estimated that Vietnam will need 330-362 billion kilowatt-hours (kWh) in

2020 and 695-834 billion kWh in 2030 to achieve the average annual economic
growth rate of 7 percent.
 28

Bài 13: Vietnam looks for more FDI into pharmacy sector
VietNamNet Bridge - The Ministry of Health (MOH) estimates that Vietnam has to remit $2
billion abroad to import foreign drugs but could retain more money in-country if it could attract
FDI (foreign direct investment) into the pharmaceutical industry.

Vietnam spends $2 billion a year on drug imports

Vietnam is the fastest-growing medicine market in Asia, ranked 17th out of 175
countries in the world with a CAGR (compound annual growth rate) of 14.1
percent in the 2010-2015 period.

With 160 factories meeting WHO-GMP standards, the domestic drug output just
can meet 45 percent of the demand.

Therefore, experts believe that the drug market would witness a growth rate of no
less than 17 percent per annum in 2017 and the next few years, and a CAGR of
11.8 percent in 2016-2020.
 29

Experts believe that the drug By the end of 2015, Vietnam had over 40 FDI
market would witness a projects in the pharmaceutical industry.
growth rate of no less than
17 percent per annum in The largest projects include one of Sanofi with
2017 and the next few years, investment capital or $80 million and the one of
and a CAGR of 11.8 percent Nipro, $250 million. There is also a growing
in 2016-2020. tendency of foreign investors buying into
Vietnamese pharmacy companies.

However, foreign investors complain that current laws make it difficult to make
investment in Vietnam.

Adam Sitkoff from Amcham pointed out that Decree 54 that guides the
implementation of the Pharmacy Law includes provisions which are not in line
with the law.

He said the implementation of the decree forced foreign investors to stop providing
storage and transport services though they had been licensed, thus causing the loss
of hundreds of millions of dollars and interrupting the supply of thousands of
essential drugs.

Lawyer Le Net also warned that the unreasonable regulations will adversely affect
FDI attraction.

According to Net, Decree 54 stipulates that establishments which don’t distribute

drugs must not carry out activities related to distribution, such as transportation and
preservation.

This means that one can distribute drugs but is not allowed to transport and
preserve them.

He said that the drug quality may be affected if preservation is not implemented by
professional units, but by import companies.

“It is necessary to strictly observe the Pharmacy Law and continue allowing
foreign-invested enterprises to provide drug transportation and preservation
 30

services,” Net said.

He also said that the retroactive principle, if applied to foreign invested enterprises
which have been licensed in Vietnam to protect investors, will help foreign
invested enterprises easily access the Vietnamese drug market.

Nguyen Van Hau from MOH admitted that the problems exist have affected
foreign investment in the pharmacy sector.

The pharmaceutical industry is among the most profitable business fields. OPC
estimates profit of VND103 billion in 2017, while Cuu Long Pharmacy plans the
profit of VND96 billion.

Bài 14: Vietnam’s pharma sector set for growth

Wednesday, 12/27/2017, 12:01

Vietnam’s pharmaceutical market is estimated to record revenue of US$5.2 billion

in 2017, a 10% increase from last year. The market is set for double digit growth
within the next five years, according to Vietnam Report Company (VNR).
The country’s demand for drugs is expected to rise due to increasing population
and income. The average spending of Vietnamese on drugs rose from US$9.85 in
2005 to US$22.25 in 2010, double to US$37.97 in 2015 and US$56 in 2017.
The average growth rate of spending on drug was 14.6% in 2010-15 and is set to
maintain a rate of at least 14% until 2025. Spending is forecast to double to US$85
per person in 2020 and US$163 in 2025.
 31

The VNR on December 25 launched the list of the 10 most prestigious

pharmaceutical firms in Vietnam in 2017. Its survey of the top 10 companies
showed that most local pharmaceutical companies have high hopes for higher
development in 2018, with some 75% of firms expecting more than 10% growth.
The market is considered promising to foreign investors and multinational groups.
The sector is predicted to see big changes in 2018 with foreign firms like Sanofi,
Taisho and Abbott entering the market, pressuring local companies, according to
the company.
More than 90% of the surveyed enterprises said the process for bidding for hospital
dugs and dependence on imported materials were the biggest barriers for
pharmaceutical companies. The dependence has made the sector vulnerable to
foreign exchange rate changes and high import costs that make Vietnam’s
pharmaceutical products 20%-25% higher than in China and India.
The survey also revealed that research and development activities have been
lacking due to a shortage of capital, human resources and technologies, which are
strengths of foreign firms.
However, cooperation with foreign companies is expected to help local firms
improve their products’ quality, thus increasing their competitiveness.
More than 80% of the companies said research for new products would be their top
priory for 2018. Some 67% of the enterprises said they would improve through the
retail system.
 32

They also called for support from the Government and links among businesses for
sustainable development.
Top 10 prestigious pharmaceutical companies in Vietnam 2017 are Traphaco Joint
Stock Company, DHG Pharmaceutical Joint Stock Company, Pymepharco Joint
Stock Company, Domesco Medical Import-Export Joint Stock Company,
Imexpharm Pharmaceutical Joint Stock Company, Dinh Dinh Pharmaceutical and
Medical Equipment Joint Stock Company, Ha Tay Pharmaceutical Joint Stock
Company, OPC Pharmaceutical Joint Stock Company, Mekiphar Chemical
Pharmaceutical Joint Stock Company, Nam Ha Pharmaceutical Joint Stock
Company.

Bài 15: The pharmaceutical market in Vietnam attracts

foreign investors
Pharmaceutical production scale in Vietnam accounted for 77% in volume but only
35% in value. In the context of extensive pharmaceutical market, many
Vietnamese pharmaceutical companies actively seek opportunities to cooperate
with foreign pharmaceutical companies, to develop the domestic market and
export.

Development cooperation for the common goal: All for the health of Vietnamese people
 33

On September 7, on the visit of the French President within the framework of the
Vietnam-France Business Forum 2016, in the presence of leaders of the two
countries, Sanofi Group announced the signing of an agreement to strengthen and
expand strategic cooperation with Vietnam Pharmaceutical Corporation
(Vinapharm).

According to this agreement, Vinapharm has invested in Sanofi Vietnam, which is

owning a factory complying with GMP standard at the Saigon Hi-Tech Park. This
new factory will be built with total investment of $75 million with a modern
technology model and a maximum capacity of 150 million boxes per year and it
will be a pharmaceutical development center in all over Asia. Up to now, this is
Sanofi's largest invested factory in ASEAN region.

According to a report by BMI Research, Vietnam's pharmaceutical market is

expected to grow from $4.2 billion in 2015 to $7.2 billion by 2020 and is expected
to grow at least 10% in the next 5 - 10 years. Historically, Vietnam market has
been always attracted by foreign investors by a large population, young people and
high GDP and specific characteristic of each regions. “In other countries in the
region, the pharmaceutical market is dominated by multinational corporations in
terms of value, but conversely in Vietnam, there are many pharmaceutical
companies that are dynamic and have own competitive advantages”, said by Cyril
Grandchamp-Desraux, Director of ASEAN Sanofi.

Mr. Cyril Grandchamp-Desraux, said in an interview with Tuoi Tre, that the
agreement reaffirms Sanofi's commitment to producing and developing high-
quality, diversified pharmaceuticals to meet the needs of the Vietnamese market.
Not many ASEAN countries both have invested in the development of hospital
infrastructure, good health care system and have included extended health
insurance policies with a diversified list of drugs as in Vietnam. This is a favorable
condition for pharmaceutical industry development.

Promote the export of pharmaceutical products “Made in Vietnam”

 34

According to Deputy Minister of Health Pham Le Tuan, the cooperative

relationship between Vinapharm and Sanofi has been in place for 23 years. This
partnership has created a reputable enterprise which provides the market with
quality pharmaceutical products trusted by health facilities and consumers.
Therefore, this new cooperation will continue to promote strengths of the two
sides, in which Sanofi is a leading pharmaceutical company in the world with high-
quality products while Vinapharm has a clear understanding of the domestic
market demand as well as health care needs of Vietnamese people. Further
procedures of the agreement are expected to be completed later this year after
receiving approval from the competent State authorities.
According to a representative of the Ministry of Health and the Pharmacy Law
passed by the National Assembly in early 2017, Vietnam aims to focus on
developing the pharmaceutical industry and how to produce more high-quality
pharmaceutical products. With the investment in the new plant following the
modern technology model, the Ministry of Health believes that the products not
only provide for the domestic market but also export to Asia Pacific countries,
even to the countries that require high quality product standards such as Japan.
"Once the pharmaceutical products “made in VN” are exported to advanced
countries, it will be not only a benefit of Sanofi or Vinapharm but also an image of
the Vietnamese pharmaceutical industry," said by the Deputy Minister of Health
Pham Le Tuan.

Mrs. Martine Pinville, French Secretary of State for Trade, Crafts, Consumer and
Social Economy and Solidarity said Vietnam and the European Union have
currently signed a Free Trade Agreement (FTA VN-EU), and under the
commitment, opportunities for French enterprises in the field of agriculture and
pharmaceuticals will be really large. She also emphasized that current joint-venture
cooperation is a good foundation for enterprises of both countries to take full
advantage of FTA’s commitments.
 35

Bài 16: VN Central Bank unveils 2017 policy

The State Bank of Vietnam (SBV) on December 2 announced its key orientation of monetary
policy management and banking operations in 2017.

Accordingly, SBV said that it would pursue a proactive and flexible monetary
policy next year to stabilise the rates of interest and foreign exchange.
The monetary policy will also be in close conjunction with fiscal and other macro-
economic policies in a move to control inflation and support economic growth at a
reasonable level.
After buying more than US$40 billion of foreign reserves to date this year - a
record high in recent years, the SBV affirmed that it would continuously try to
increase the country’s foreign reserves besides supporting efforts to stabilise the
forex market in 2017.
Measures will be also taken to stabilise the monetary market and ensure the
liquidity of the banking system, according to the central bank.
As for interest rate, the central bank is targeting a stable rate as in 2016.
Though the central bank has yet to release the credit growth target for 2017, it has
revealed that it will take measures to control it to ensure the lending is safe and
effective.
Lending next year will continuously focus on the Government’s five prioritised
sectors of agriculture, exports, spare-parts industries, small- and medium-sized
enterprises, and hi-tech firms, while limiting the capital to risky industries, the
SBV stated.
 36

As lending in foreign currencies will continue in 2017, as per a recently issued

circular, SBV said that it would strictly control such kind of lending to ensure the
country’s de-dollarisation policy.
Assessing the monetary policy management in 2016, the SBV said that in the
context of pressure on high demands of Government bonds and lending as well as
inflation in 2016, the managing of interest rates was positive and in accordance
with macro-development of the past 11 months. Liquidity of the banking system
was good while the operation of the inter-bank market was also smooth.
The SBV reported that rising money supply in the past 11 months didn’t put
pressure on inflation. As of November 22, money supply rose 14.92% year-on-year
while capital mobilisation surged 15.28%.
As of November 28, credit growth rose 14.57% as against December last year, of
which lending in foreign currencies increased 3.49% – suitable with the
Government’s de-dollarisation policy.
According to the SBV, the credit growth to date has been reasonable and positive
with a focus on production and business, which has contributed to the restructuring
of the agricultural sector as well as the development of fishery and spare-parts
industries as well as small- and medium-sized firms, export and high-tech firms.
The central bank also said that the forex market in 2016 was basically stable, while
adding that the sharp strengthening of the US dollar against the đồng last month
was mainly due to market sentiment, which tracked global market developments.
This change was normal, because the central bank had been regulating the
exchange rate with a more flexible and market-based methodology this year,
setting the reference rate every day and letting commercial banks trade the dollar at
+/-3% on either side of the rate, the SBV said.
It affirmed that no sudden rise in the demand and supply for the dollar had been
reported in the local forex market over the period. Liquidity in the banking system
remains strong, helping banks meet dollar demand of institutions and individuals in
a timely manner.
 37

Bài 17: Bank share market expects changes in 2017

VietNamNet Bridge - The reported satisfactory business results in 2016, plus positive media
comments about banks’ operations, have caused investors to feel optimistic about the prospects
of the sector in 2017.

Headlines such as ‘banks’ heyday is over’ or ‘banks struggle to overcome difficulties’ which
appeared in local newspapers in late 2016 have been replaced by ‘bad debt cleared’ or ‘banks
make breakthrough’.

The considerable increases in bank share prices (ACB prices, for example, soared
by 30 percent by the end of February) have drawn attention from investors.

However, analysts believe that banks would have to overcome more difficulties to
retain the high growth rate in 2016, for many reasons.
The reported satisfactory The inflation rate tends to be higher in 2017,
business results in 2016, plus while the dong is under pressure for depreciation
positive media comments which may force the State Bank to apply a
about banks’ operations, tightened monetary policy. This would push up
have caused investors to feel the deposit interest rates up, thus making banks’
optimistic about the capital mobilization cost higher.
prospects of the sector in
2017. Since January 1, 2017, the maximum proportion
of short-term capital banks can use for long-term
lending has been cut from 60 percent to 50 percent. This is a signal showing that
the State Bank does not want to boost credit activities, while this will force
commercial banks to try to mobilize more long-term capital.
 38

While the input cost is forecast to increase, the expected NIM (net interest margin)
is believed to decrease because of the central bank’s effort to curb the lending
inflation rate to avoid shocks to the economy.

The competition among banks and the holding of long-term government bonds
with low yield since 2016 may decrease banks’ profits in 2017.

The rapid growth of consumer credit disbursed for the real estate sector (by 39
percent, higher than the average growth rate of 18.71 percent) helped banks
increase income and diversify their portfolios.
However, this will be a challenge for banks to maintain rapid growth in 2017 as the
outstanding loans to the real estate sector are estimated to account for 54 percent of
consumer lending, and the credit to the sector has slowed down (outstanding loans
in the field grew by 12.5 in 2016, lower than the 28.3 percent growth rate in 2015).
The slowdown of the capital flow to the real estate market may have adverse
effects on the market. If so, overdue debts at banks may increase again, and it is
too early to believe the bad debt would continue decreasing in 2017.
In 2017, banks would still be still under pressure which forces them to increase
charter capital.
High credit growth rate in 2016 has led to decreased CAR (capital adequacy ratio)
at banks, especially state-owned banks.
 39

Bài 18: Vietnam says bad debts under control

Nonperforming loans (NPLs) must be resolved at the earliest, especially in the banking and
financial sector, in order to strengthen Vietnam’s economy, ensure efficiency and boost
effectiveness in capital allocation, a World Bank Group (WBG) official told a seminar on
September 26.

Participants exchange experiences in recognising, managing, and resolving NPLs across the
globe

Speaking at a workshop on Vietnam’s bad debts, Nguyen Phi Lan, Acting Deputy
Director General of the Department for Banking System Safety Supervision under
the State Bank of Vietnam (SBV), stated that on the whole, most bad debts had
been resolved and its current ratio stood at 2.55 percent of outstanding loans.
According to Lan, since 2012, a systematic restructuring of credit institutions
ordered by the Prime Minister was followed by the formation of the Vietnam Asset
Management Company (VAMC) in 2013 to help acquire and resolve NPLs.
These moves were followed by various legal and regulatory amendments designed
to tackle NPLs and help stabilise the economy.
These courses of action have proved effectual, with the VAMC actively assisting
credit institutions in handling NPLs using special bond provisioning, enterprise
restructuring, risks reduction and credit growth promotion.
Doan Van Thang, Chief Executive Officer of the VAMC, listed a number of
approaches to NPL resolution that his company had employed to some extent of
success, in which the SBV and the Government assign the VAMC to repurchase
NPLs from credit institutions at fair market value paid in cash or bonds, effectively
removing the NPLs from the credit institutions’ rolls.
 40

As such, the model is not only suitable to Vietnam’s economic conditions, but also
successful in keeping the banking sector’s bad debts below 3 percent by 2020,
according to Thang.
This should help credit institutions and commercial banks remove NPLs from their
balance sheets, and reduce risk provision pressure while increasing credit
worthiness.
Since its formation, the VAMC has successfully purchased up to 26,110 NPLs
from 16,197 institutions using special bonds.
Most notably, in 2017, the VAMC managed to repossess the Saigon One Tower in
HCM City from a number of customers whose total outstanding debts had
accumulated to more than 311.8 million USD.
Jennifer Isern, WBG’s Finance and Markets Practice Manager for East Asia and
the Pacific, said the Vietnamese Government and the SBV had made positive
progress in tackling NPLs.
Nevertheless, Isern warned that total outstanding and potential NPL volume
remained high, with risks to the country’s financial institutions.
She also said she believed the regulatory framework on handling NPLs and
securing collateral remained somewhat ineffective, and that successful
management of NPLs in Vietnam would be essential, as would be strengthening
lending practices and financial sector oversight to prevent an accumulation of
NPLs.
Furthermore, she regards banking sector reform as fundamentally important for
Vietnam to maintain the systematic capacity of the economy.
Katia D’Hulster, the WBG’s Lead Financial Sector Specialist in Finance and
Markets, said the SBV must impose a strict supervisory regime on NPL resolution,
in which commercial banks should be supervised and assisted by the SBV
throughout the process of NPLs governance, operation, recognition and
impairment, as well as forbearance and collateral valuation specification.
In particular, the workshop focussed on the recently approved Resolution 42,
aiming to improve the regulatory framework on NPLs and secure collateral
resolution, as well as developing the NPL market by addressing the issues of
eligible debt buyers and land titles.
According to the SBV, the regulation pathway set by the National Assembly to
restructure the credit system is raising some concerns regarding NPLs resolution.
A key issue is the increasing value of NPLs and potential bad debts, which pose
potential risks to the economy’s safety and efficiency.
This could be due to difficulties in dealing with collateral foreclosure, and the lack
of synchronisation in implementing the legal framework set by the Government,
which still relies on the banking sector for funding and measures instead of the
State budget.
 41

As such, on behalf of the VAMC, Thang suggested some improvements in the

country’s NPL resolution legal framework, providing the VAMC with up to 89
million USD budget, as well as establishing an inter-agency committee for debt
resolution, and developing the market for buying and selling NPLs.
The workshop was jointly held by the WBG and the SBV, with support from the
Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs.
More than 100 policy makers, economic experts, and private sector representatives
gathered to exchange experiences in recognising, managing, and resolving NPLs
across the globe.
VNA

Bài 19: More bad debt in Vietnam?

Group Research / July 12, 2017

In a bid to spur growth, Vietnamese authorities have been aiming for faster credit growth of 18%
this year – three times faster than GDP growth – and we expect further rate easing to support
this.

The State Bank of Vietnam (SBV) eased monetary policy recently. The authority
cut the refinance rate by 25 basis points to 6.25% and lowered the discount rate to
4.25%, from 4.50% previously. The surprise move is aimed at spurring growth but
risks exacerbating credit risks within the country. GDP growth in 1H17 registered
5.7% year-on-year, way below the official target of 6.7% for the full year.

However, concerns are rising that Vietnam may be aiming for faster growth at the
expense of stability. In a bid to achieve the growth target, authorities have been
 42

aiming for faster credit growth of 18% this year, which is about three times faster
than GDP growth. Strong credit growth also means a rapid accumulation of debt.
The debt-to-GDP ratio is now about 122%, up from 95% in 2012, and it will likely
rise further.

Moreover, the economy is still grappling with the bad debt problem. While the
reported non-performing loan (NPL) ratio appears low at present (2.6%), it does
not include the NPLs sold to the Vietnam Asset Management Company (VAMC)
and “special mention” loans. According to the SBV, if bad debt managed by
VAMC is included, bad debts in the overall system would likely be around 8.9% of
the total as of end-2016.

While the situation is not dire, it bears watching. Although policymakers may be
better off focusing on productivity gains instead of credit expansion to achieve
sustainable growth, we reckon that easing inflationary pressure compounded by the
desire to achieve the growth target will prompt the central bank to lower policy
rates further. In this regard, another 25-basis-point cut in the refinance rate could
be on the cards by the end of the year.
 43

Bài 20: NA deputies agree on resolution to settle bad debt

Friday, 05/26/2017, 19:54
VOV.VN - Numerous National Assembly (NA) deputies on May 26 agreed
upon the government proposed resolution to settle non-performing loans
during group discussions.
Deputy Head of the Economic Committee, Deputy Nguyen Duc Kien expected the
resolution to comply with market principles and pursue criminal procedures
against individuals and entities’ wrongdoings for profiteering. He said the
resolution should rule out state budget use to settle bad debt.
“The resolution suggests a time frame of effectiveness from this July 2017 to July
2022. It does not differentiate ownership structure of credit institutions and applies
for all credit institutions operating in Vietnam in line with WTO and free trade
agreements that Vietnam has committed.
The resolution deals with bad debt before December 31, 2016. All nonperforming
loans accumulated after January 1, 2017 shall be dealt with by the Law on Credit
Organizations. The resolution has an important provision to settle secured assets,"
he said.
Deputy Kien said he hopes that the resolution if approved would help settle bad
debt worth VND 60 trillion. Lending interests could be lowered to 0.75% to
facilitate absolute settlement by next quarter.
VOV
 44

Bài 21: Vietnam BMW importer faces fines for faking

documents, evading tax

Euro Auto provided fake documents for 133 BMW cars imported to Vietnam in December 2016. Photo by Reuters

Vietnam’s Finance Ministry has accused the sole importer of BMW cars of
several violations, but won’t press criminal charges.

The trader, Euro Auto, which was Vietnam’s sole official of BMW cars until this
year, created fake invoices and packing lists for 133 BMW cars in December 2016,
the ministry said in a letter recently sent to Prime Minister Nguyen Xuan Phuc.

It plans to fine the firm VND40-80 million ($1,700-3,400) for this fraud.

Euro Auto “did not list or listed incorrectly” VND105 million ($4,500) in expenses
incurred in importing the cars, which resulted in a tax loss of about VND180
million ($7,700), the ministry said.

It said it plans to fine Euro Auto 20 percent of the tax loss, apart from collecting
the back taxes.
 45

The ministry will allow the cars, which are at the Vietnam International Container
Terminal port in HCMC, to be returned to Germany, if it requests. It will also
refund taxes paid if the cars are returned.
If Euro Auto still wants to import these cars into Vietnam, the PM should take a
final decision on this issue because current laws don't deal with such a situation,
the ministry said.

It also said it plans to fine Euro Auto chairman Simon Adrew Rock for evading
special consumption tax.

From July 2016 to March 2017, Euro Auto evaded VND7.3 billion ($312,700) in
taxes by listing wrong information about its imports.

Although the HCMC Tax Department issued a warning and fined the firm in
September 2016, it persisted with the practice.

The company even produced fake invoices to legalize the purchase of auto parts
for the BMW cars from the open market instead of authorized agencies.

The letter noted that PM Phuc had decided not to criminally punish Simon Adrew
Rock and other individuals involved in tax evasion in the spirit of maintaining
good relations between Vietnam and Germany, Malaysia and the U.K., where these
cars have been imported.

In late November 2016, the Ministry of Finance ordered customs agencies to

suspend clearance procedures for imported BMW cars in order to investigate
alleged violations by Euro Auto.

Ministry officials found that the importer had falsified purchase contracts and
receipts while importing the cars and failed to provide certificates of origin and
other required documents.

Euro Auto rejected these allegations.

In April last year, HCMC police arrested Euro Auto CEO Nguyen Dang Thao and
two delivery employees for faking import documents.
 46

Bài 22: Experts fear HCMC luxury apartment market

building into bubble

By Trung Tin April 14, 2021 | 09:48 am GMT+7

Apartments in HCMC's Thu Duc City. Photo by VnExpress/Huu Khoa.

The ratio of luxury apartments in HCMC rose from 7 percent last year to 39
percent in the first quarter of this year.
The high-end segment accounted for another 20 percent, real estate consultancy
CBRE Vietnam said in a note. The mid-priced segment, which used to account for
55-60 percent of supply in the past, accounted for the remaining 41 percent.

CBRE classifies apartments priced at over $4,000 per square meter as luxury, at
$2,000-4,000 as high-end and at $1,000-2,000 as mid-priced. Those below $1,000
are categorized as affordable.

The average price of luxury apartments currently tops $6,898, up 4.7 percent from
a year ago, but high-end units have remained steady at $2,519.

Prices in the mid-priced segment have risen by 6.4 percent to $1,499.

 47

Speaking to VnExpress, Nguyen Loc Hanh, CEO of Asia Gem Real Estate
Investment JSC, said the rapid expansion in luxury apartment supply is
unsustainable and the disappearance of affordable units from the market is
worrisome because they are the main market driver.
Le Hoang Chau, chairman of the Ho Chi Minh City Real Estate Association, said
over 60 percent of high-end apartments are bought by speculators, and sounded a
similar warning that it is threatening the sustainable development of the housing
market.

Bài 23: Tech firms' rapid growth amid pandemic pushes up

demand for office space

By Trung Tin April 7, 2021 | 08:15 pm GMT+7

Technology, game development and e-commerce companies are scouring HCMC
for office space as their requirements expand in step with surging growth.

Office buildings in Ho Chi Minh City. Photo by VnExpress/Quynh Tran.

 48

A survey by VnExpress found a property technology company has rent a 1,700-

square-meter office building in District 11 with spaces for amusement and rest for
employees working 24/7.
In an area close to Tan Son Nhat International Airport, offices with 300-500 square
meters of space are leased by web development companies and property
technology companies, most of them start-ups seeking shared office space.

The number of tech companies renting offices in HCMC rose by 30 percent in the
first quarter, according to data from VNO Development and Investment
Corporation, a company that converts residential buildings into offices for rent.

A game and entertainment app development company has rented an office from the
company with over 3,000 sq.m of space, and plans to expand it further. A tech
company each from India and Thailand have rented offices with over 1,000 sq.m to
expand their business.

VNO chairman Nguyen Hong Hai said the pandemic has changed the structure of
the office lease market, skewing it away from traditional businesses and toward the
technology sector.

Tech companies require reliable Internet and electricity connection, and, since their
employees usually work 24/7, need large offices that combine working and
relaxation-amusement spaces, he said.

Han Nguyen, head of office services at real estate firm Colliers International
Vietnam, said the pandemic has created an environment for technology companies
to flourish, and so their demand for office space is surging.

Colliers said demand for human resources in the sector is rising, especially for
highly skilled employees, to improve competitiveness, and even new companies
are offering good terms to attract skilled candidates.

Some firms are planning to recruit up to 1,000 engineers this year and many plan
to employ 10-20 employees each month, and this has resulted in the rising demand
for offices, Han explained.
Location and infrastructure are factors technology companies consider when
renting an office, she said.

Many prefer offices in the city center, mostly grade B office buildings with an
average monthly rental of $25-35 per square meter.
 49

Speaking to VnExpress, Trang Minh Ha, a management consultant, said tech firms’
demand for office space would continue to rise over the next one or two years as
businesses in e-commerce, financial technology, ride hailing, and online food order
and delivery thrive amid the pandemic and social distancing.
Their offices need to be large since their average growth rate is 30-100 percent a
year, he said.

He quoted management consultancy McKinsey & Company as saying the growth

of technology companies would only slow down in 2022 when the pandemic is
fully under control.
 50

Chương 2:Luyện Viết Câu

 51

VIẾT CÂU BÀI 1:

1. Ngành du lịch Việt Nam tiếp đón khoảng 5 triệu du khách quốc tế
mỗi năm mặc dù có sự cạnh tranh khốc liệt từ các quốc gia láng
giềng.
2. Peter Nguyen là một người Mỹ gốc Việt với cha là người Mỹ và
mẹ là người Việt Nam. Peter đã trở về thăm quê nhà của mẹ anh ấy
lần đầu tiên vào năm 1990.
3. Peter bị ấn tượng bởi vẻ đẹp thiên nhiên, văn hóa truyền thống và
con người thân thiện, Peter đã quyết định ở lại Việt Nam để nghiên
cứu nền văn hóa độc đáo của dân tộc thiểu số ở các tỉnh cao
nguyên phía bắc.
4. Peter đã thành lập một bảo tàng văn hóa nhỏ để giới thiệu đến các
du khách nước ngoài về cuộc sống hằng ngày của người dân địa
phương. Bảo tàng này được xem như là một cầu nối văn hóa giữa
người bản xứ phương Đông và du khách phương Tây.
5. Bên cạnh đó, Peter đã thực hiện nhiều dự án công đồng để cải thiện
tiêu chuẩn sống của người dân địa phương, xây dựng nhiều trường
học cấp 1 và cấp 2 cũng như nâng cao nhận thức của họ về giữ gìn
văn hóa truyền thống.
6. Peter đã hợp tác với chính quyền địa phương để tổ chức các
chuyến tham quan thú vị và các lễ hội văn hóa cho khách du lịch
trong và ngoài nước để tăng thu nhập cho địa phương và tạo việc
làm cho lao động địa phương.
 52

VIẾT CÂU BÀI 2:

1. Với nền kinh tế tăng trưởng nhanh trong những năm gần đây, cơ
sở hạ tầng giao thông yếu kém và lạc hậu của Việt Nam không
thể đáp ứng được nhu cầu cao về vân chuyển hàng hóa và hành
khách.
2. Chính phủ đã ban hành nhiều giải pháp hữu hiệu để giảm sức ép
lên hệ thống giao thông và đã tập trung vào việc phát triển các
phương tiện giao thông công cộng, hạn chế phương tiện giao
thông cá nhân.
3. Chính phủ đã cấp giấy phép cho một số hãng hàng không nước
ngoài để nâng cao khả năng vận chuyển hành khách bằng giao
thông hàng không trong khi giao thông đường bộ và đường săt
đang bị quá tải.
4. Nó có nghĩa là hãng hàng không quốc gia Việt Nam cần phải
được nâng cấp và mở rộng để nâng cao khả năng cạnh tranh ở
các chuyến bay nội địa cũng như quốc tế.
5. Bộ Giao Thông Vận Tải đã yêu cầu Vietnam Airlines tổ chức
các chương trình đào tạo cho nhân viên mới để cải thiện chất
lượng dịch vụ khách hàng, đầu tư vào việc nâng cấp cơ sở hạ
tầng để đáp ứng nhu cầu ngày càng cao của vận chuyển hàng
hóa và hành khách.
 53

6. Các san bay trong nước thường phải chịu lỗ lớn trong vài năm
đầu tiên vì có quá ít chuyến bay. Vì vậy mà các địa phương này
cần phải làm mới hình ảnh và quảng bá các địa điểm du lịch hấp
dẫn để thu hút các du khách trong và ngoài nước.

VIẾT CÂU BÀI 3:

1. Theo báo cáo gần đây của phòng thương mại và công nghiệp Việt
Nam, số lượng các doanh nghiệp mà phải đóng cửa hoặc dừng hoạt
động kinh doanh tăng lên đến 30000 doanh nghiệp.
2. Bộ kế hoạch và đầu tư đỗ lỗi điều này cho môi trường kinh doanh
tệ cũng như là tình hình kinh tế khó khăn. Ngoài ra, các cơ quan
trung ương đã không ban hành các giải pháp hiệu quả để hỗ trợ các
doanh nghiệp có quy mô vừa và nhỏ.
3. Phần lớn các doanh nghiệp này hoạt động trong lĩnh vực ngân
hàng , bất động sản và họ phải đối mặt với rất nhiều khó khăn tài
chính khi mà thị trường nhà ở đóng băng trong cuộc khủng hoảng
kinh tế toàn cầu.
4. Khi mà nền kinh tế suy giảm thì những công ty này thiếu nguồn
vốn để duy trì và mở rộng hoạt động sản xuất và họ phải đi vay
vốn từ các ngân hàng thương mại với tỉ lệ lãi suất cao.
5. Ông Đại, chủ tịch của các doanh nghiệp nhỏ trong nước, đã đề
nghị chính phủ xem xét cắt giảm thuế thu nhập doanh nghiệp để hỗ
 54

trợ các doanh nghiệp vượt qua khó khăn và tồn tại trong bối cảnh
kinh tế khó khăn.
6. Bên cạnh đó, chính phủ nên ban hành các chính sách kịp thời như
ngăn chặn việc nhập khẩu hàng hóa nước ngoài để cải thiện nhu
cầu về hàng hóa nội địa hoặc kích thích nền kinh tế bằng cách cho
các doanh nghiệp vay các nguồn vốn giá rẻ để tiếp tục việc sản
xuất.

VIẾT CÂU BÀI 4:

1. Trong những năm gần đây, việc đô thị hóa nhanh đã gây ra
nhiều tổn hại nghiêm trọng đến cuộc sống của người dân địa
phương và tài nguyên thiên nhiên không chỉ tại các vùng thành
thị mà còn tại các vùng nông thôn.
2. Các đô thị trung tâm phải chịu sức ép ngày càng tăng bởi vì các
cơ quan quản lí thiếu các biện pháp hữu hiệu trong chỉ đạo và
quản lí quy hoạch xây dựng.
3. Bộ kế hoạch và đầu tư đã không nghiên cứu kĩ lưỡng các bản
đánh giá tác đông môi trường và đã dễ dàng cấp phép cho
những dụ án đầu tư nước ngoài lớn mà thiếu sự cân nhắc thận
trọng.
4. Thêm vào đó, các cơ quan liên quan cũng thiếu sự giám sát chặt
chẽ việc xây dựng của các hệ thống xử lí nước thải. Tốc độ phát
 55

triển của hệ thống giao thông đô thị thấp hơn rất nhiều so với
tốc độ đô thị hóa và tốc độ gia tăng của phương tiện giao thông.
5. Uu điểm của việc đô thị hóa là sự phát triển nhanh chóng của
các khu trung tâm thương mại và công nghiệp. Điều này có
nghĩa là thu nhập bình quân đầu người, trình độ học vấn và chất
lượng cuộc sống được nâng cao.
6. Nhược điểm của quá trình đô thị hóa là mật độ dân số ở đô thị
tăng nhanh. Điều này dẫn đến nhu cầu về nhà ở gia tăng mà
chính quyền thành phố không đáp ứng được. Các sản phẩm
công nghiệp được thải trực tiếp ra môi trường và đe dọa trực
tiếp đến sức khỏe và chất lượng cuộc sống.

VIẾT CÂU BÀI 5:

1. Nền kinh tế đang phát triển của Việt Nam đang phải đối mặt với sự
thiếu hụt trầm trọng về nguồn năng lượng.
2. Các chuyên gia kinh tế tin rằng chính phủ Việt Nam cần phải giải
quyết các vấn đề phức tạp này một cách nhanh chóng để cung cấp
đủ nguồn điện cho các doanh nghiệp địa phương.
3. Chính phủ đã yêu cầu Bộ công nghiệp và thương mại lập kế hoạch
xây dựng hai nhà máy năng lượng mới ở các tỉnh miền Trung và
phía Bắc để đáp ứng nhu cầu gia tăng về nguồn điện giá rẻ để phát
triển kinh tế.
 56

4. Bên cạnh đó, Việt Nam lên kế hoạch sẽ kí hợp đồng với các công
ty năng lượng của Nga để xây dựng hai nhà máy năng lượng hạt
nhân và đào tạo nguồn nhân lực trong lĩnh vực mới mẻ này.
5. Hiện tại, khu vực Đông Nam Á chưa có các nhà máy năng lượng
hạt nhân và nếu như kế hoạch tham vọng này được hoàn tất thì
Việt Nam sẽ là quốc gia đầu tiên sở hữu năng lượng hạt nhân để
phát triển tiềm năng kinh tế to lớn của mình.
6. Tuy nhiên, các chuyên gia kinh tế cảnh báo rằng Việt Nam phải
chú ý đến sự hiệu quả năng lượng, đầu tư vào các nguồn năng
lượng có thể tái tạo được.

VIẾT CÂU BÀI 6:

1. Nghành dược Việt nam chứng kiến bước tăng trưởng nhanh
trong hai thập kỷ gần đây và các công ty dược lớn trong và
ngoài nước đạt được mức lợi nhuận khổng lổ.
2. Với tiềm năng to lớn, nghành dược đã thu hút được nhiều nhà
đầu tư nước ngoài với tổng vốn đầu tư hơn 2 tỉ đô.
3. Các công ty dược trong nước hầu như không thể cạnh tranh với
các công ty nước ngoài vì công nghệ lạc hậu, chi phí sản xuất
cao, quản lí không hiệu quả.
4. Ngoài ra, người dân trong nước vẫn ưa thích dung thuốc nhập
khẩu hơn so với thuốc sản xất trong nước mặc dù chúng có cùng
chất lượng.
 57

5. Vì vậy mà nhiều công ty dược nội địa đã phải đóng của vì chi
phí nhập khẩu nguyên liệu quá cao, điều này dẫn đến giá thành
sản phẩm cao hơn thuốc nước ngoài.
6. Bộ y tế vừa thông báo một kế hoạch chi tiết để hạn chế các công
ty dược phẩm nước ngoài kiểm soát thị trường dược trong nước
và khuyến khích các công ty dược trong nước gia tăng hoạt
động sản xuất.

VIẾT CÂU BÀI 7:

1. Một quy định mới nghiêm khắc hơn vừa được ngân hàng nhà nước
Việt Nam ban hành, cái mà sẽ có hiệu lực ngay lập tức, để làm
giảm tỉ lệ nợ xấu của toàn bộ hệ thống ngân hàng.
2. Ngân hàng nhà nước Việt Nam đã hướng dẫn các ngân hàng
thương mại và cổ phần thắt chặt các điều kiện cho vay đối với các
doanh nghiệp hoạt động yếu kém.
3. Động thái này nhằm mục đích hạn chế các rủi ro tài chính cái mà
liên quan đến các hoạt động cho vay và huy động. Tuy nhiên nó lại
cản trở các doanh nghiệp từ việc tiếp cận đến các nguồn vốn để
khôi phục nền kinh tế trì trệ.
4. Các chuyên gia ngân hàng cho rằng chính sách mới này nên bị trì
hoãn lại cho đến năm sau vì nếu nó được áp dụng ngay bây giờ thì
sẽ có rất nhiều doanh nghiệp bất động sản buộc phải tuyên bố phá
 58

sản bởi vì những món nợ khổng lồ hiện tại của họ, mà điều này có
thể được gây ra hậu quả lớn hơn cho nền kinh tế.
5. Một giải pháp phù hợp đang được xem xét đó là các món nợ xấu
này sẽ được mua bán cho công ty quản lí tài sản Việt
Nam(VAMC), công ty vừa mới được thành lập vào tháng trước để
đánh giá chính xác tình hình nợ xấu, tái cơ cấu các khoản nợ xấu
và thực hiện những giải pháp phù hợp.
6. Phó thống đốc ngân hàng nhà nước nhận xét rằng ngành ngân hàng
sẽ không đạt được mục tiêu tăng trưởng tín dụng trong năm nay cái
mà đã đặt ra hồi đầu năm là 12%. Tuy nhiên, các cơ quan và ngân
hàng liên quan phải tuân thủ và thực hiện nghiêm túc quy định mới
này.

VIẾT CÂU BÀI 8:

 59

1. Làm việc nhóm là một khái niệm lạ được giới thiệu đến các doanh
nghiệp Việt Nam trong những năm 1900s. Nó đã được sử dụng
rộng rãi để quản lí và điều hành công ty 1 cách trơn tru và hiệu
quả.
2. Nhiều tổ chức phi lợi nhuận thường xuyên tổ chức các khóa học
xây dựng đội nhóm cho nhân viên toàn thời gian để quản lý hiệu
quả hơn nguồn nhân lực của mình và tận dụng triệt để nguồn tài
nguyên của công ty để đạt kết quả tốt nhất.
3. Các khóa học bao gồm những hoạt động theo nhóm hữu ích ở
ngoài trời và trong nhà mà thông qua đó các nhân viên phải hợp tác
chặt chẽ với nhau để hướng đến những mục tiêu chung của tổ
chức.
4. Nó yêu cầu nhân viên phải có khả năng thích ứng với môi trường
làm việc mới để đạt được kết quả làm việc tốt nhất. Các nhân viên
chuyên nghiệp phải có khả năng rút ra những bài học thực tiễn từ
những sai lầm và thất bại nghiêm trọng để nâng cao năng lực.
5. Trong bối cảnh kinh tế khó khăn, nhà tuyển dụng đòi hỏi nhân viên
phải có khả năng hoành thành nhiệm vụ được giao dưới sức ép lớn
và thời gian ngắn.
6. Khi công ty đối mặt với nhiều khó khăn, họ phải đưa ra những giải
pháp sáng tạo và đưa ra những quết định chiến lược để giúp công
ty vượt qua khó khăn. Bên cạnh đó, họ phải có khả năng tận dụng
 60

tốt nguồn lực sẵn có của công ty để đưa công ty đạt đến giai đoạn
phát triển thành công mới.

VIẾT CÂU BÀI 9:

1. Các chuyên gia tài chính nổi tiếng đánh giá rằng nợ công của Việt
Nam được xem là ở mức độ an toàn. Nhưng họ cảnh báo rằng nợ
xấu sẽ rất khó để kiểm soát chặt chẽ nếu như nền kinh tế rơi vào
cuộc khủng hoảng.
2. Bộ tài chính ước tính nợ xấu đạt 69 tỉ USD, chiếm khoảng 55%
GDP nếu con số này được ước tính dựa trên các tiêu chuẩn quốc tế.
Việt Nam dự tính sẽ vay các tổ chức quốc tế như quỹ tiền tệ quốc
tế, ngân hàng phát triển châu Á với tỉ lệ lãi suất ưu đãi trong 20
năm để cải thiện cơ sở hạ tầng, hệ thống giao thông.
3. Tổ chức tiền tệ quốc tế đã cảnh báo chính phủ Việt Nam nên đánh
giá kĩ lưỡng trước khi phê duyệt các khoản đầu tư lớn vào các
ngành không phải là mũi nhọn để ngăn chặn việc đầu tư thiếu hiệu
quả.
4. Mục đích của chính phủ Việt Nam là phải ổn định kinh tế vĩ mô,
đẩy mạnh sản xuất để tạo ra nhiều việc làm hơn vì vậy chính phủ
cần phải chi chi tiêu công cộng để kích thích phát triển kinh tế.
5. Chúng ta cần phải ưu tiên cho các dự án đầu tư dài hạn cái mà
mang lại nhiều lợi ích cho cộng đồng và có tác động rộng rãi trên
toàn quốc đến chất lượng cuộc sống của người dân.
 61

6. Chính phủ nên tập trung ngân sách hàng năm của mình cho các
lĩnh vực nông nghiệp vì lĩnh vực này đóng góp rất lớn cho xuất
khẩu và mang lại nhiều doanh thu cho nông dân.

VIẾT CÂU BÀI 10:

1. Việt Nam không chỉ đang đứng trước nhiều cơ hội to lớn mà
còn phải đối mặt với không ít thách thức khi mà Việt Nam đã
gia nhập tổ chức thương mại thế giới WTO và chuẩn bị đàm
phán với liên minh châu Âu và Mỹ về thỏa thuận thương mại tự
do.
2. Theo lý thuyết phát triển bền vững thì 1 quốc gia nên tập trung
sản xuất và xuất khẩu những sản phẩm cái mà nó có thế mạnh
cạnh tranh trong khi tham gia vào thương mại thế giới để nhập
khẩu những cái mà nó không có.
3. Trong nhiều năm qua, các chuyên gia và các quan chức chính
phủ tranh cãi gay gắt liệu rằng nông nghiệp có phải là ngành cốt
lõi của Việt Nam hay không vì nó có những thế mạnh về tài
nguyên, điều kiện thời tiết. Thực tế cũng đã chứng minh Việt
Nam là quốc gia xuất khẩu gạo lớn nhất về gạo, café, tiêu.
4. Viện quản lí kinh tế trung ương đã đề xuất Việt Nam nên ban
hành nhiều chính sách ưu đãi để tạo điều kiện cho các doanh
 62

nghiệp mở rộng kinh doanh ra nước ngoài để tiếp cận nhiều thị
trường mới và khách hàng tiềm năng.
5. Các doanh nghiệp vừa và nhỏ trong nước tự mình dung hết
nguồn lực sẵn có để nâng cao năng lực cạnh tranh, nâng cao sức
mạnh nhãn hiệu. Nếu không các doanh nghiệp lớn quốc tế sẽ
thống trị thị trường nội địa.
6. Tổng thư kí của hiệp hội các doanh nghiệp vừa và nhỏ cảnh báo
rằng khi họ kí các thỏa thuận tự do thương mại thì họ sẽ không
còn nhận được sự hỗ trợ tích cực từ chính phủ và phải đối mặt
với những rũi ro phá sản cao.
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The end